内容正文:
2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期单元重难点专题提优训练(人教版)
Unit1 重点语法专练
复合不定代词
some-
any-
every-
no-
指物
something某事;某物
anything任何事物
everything所有事物
nothing没有什么
指人
someone某人
anyone任何人
everyone每人;人人
no one没有人
somebody某人
anybody任何人
everybody每人;所有人
nobody没有人
1、使用原则:
(1)主谓一致原则:当复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如:
Nobody knows his name.没有人知道他的名字。
(2)形定后置原则:形容词或动词不定式作定语,修饰复合不定代词时要放在后面,即:复合不定代词+adj./ to do。如:
buy something special 买些特别的东西
have nothing to do 没什么事情可干
(3)人多物少原则:反意疑问句中,陈述部分主语指人时,附加部分主语常用they;陈述部分主语指物时,附加部分主语常用it。如:
Everyone is here, aren't they?所有人都到齐了,对吗?
Everything is ready, isn't it?一切都准备好了,是吗?
2、 some-与any-的复合不定代词的区别
比较项
一般情况用法
举例
特殊用法
举例
some-
用于肯定句
Someone is crying in the next room.有人在隔壁房间哭。
表示“建议;询问;请求”时,用于疑问句
Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么吗?
any-
用于否定句、疑问句
I don't need anybody to help me.我不需要任何人来帮我。
表示“任何的”时,用于肯定句
Entry is open to anyone over the age of 18.18岁以上的人均可参赛。
一般过去时
1.定义:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.时间标志词:
(1)yesterday, the day before yesterday等
(2)last+时间(如:last week)
(3)时间段+ago(如:two months ago)
(4)at / on / in+过去的时间(如:in 2021)
(5)just now
3.基本结构:一般过去时的结构一般由“主语+was / were+其他”或“主语+动词的过去式+其他”构成。
4.基本句型:
句类
句式
举例
肯定句
主语+ was / were+其他.
I was late yesterday.昨天我迟到了。
主语+动词的过去式+其他.
They cleaned their classroom yesterday.他们昨天打扫了教室。
否定句
主语+ was / were not +其他.
I wasn't late yesterday.昨天我没有迟到。
主语+did not+动词原形+其他.
They didn't clean their classroom yesterday.他们昨天没有打扫教室。
5. 动词过去式的变化规则:
变化规则
举例
一般在动词词尾加-ed
work→worked, want→wanted, help→helped
以字母e结尾的动词,在词尾加-d
live→lived, use→used, hope→hoped
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先把“y”改为“i”,再加-ed
study→studied, worry→worried, cry→cried
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped, drop→dropped, plan→planned
不规则变化
cut→cut, drink→drank, write→wrote, feed→fed, get→got, know→knew, bring→brought, is / am→was, are→were, go→went, has / have→had, do→did
提升训练
一、单项选择
1.I’m sorry. I know __________ about it. It’s a secret between them.
A.nothing B.something
C.anything D.everything
2.Water is important to ________, so there are many water festivals around the world.
A.everyone B.nobody C.somebody D.something
3.Learning is a life-long journey, for it brings us ________ new every day.
A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.something
4.—Do you have ________ to tell me?
—No, I have ________ to say.
A.something; everything B.nothing; something
C.everything; anything D.anything; nothing
5.—Is there ______ in the classroom, Cindy?
—No. ______ is in the dining hall.
A.everyone; Everyone B.anyone; Everyone
C.everyone; Anyone D.anyone; Anyone
6.The doctor said that doing ________ every day can help us keep healthy.
A.something good B.good something
C.nothing good D.good nothing
7.—Why are you laughing, Daniel?
— There is ________ funny in the newspaper. Come and see.
A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing
8.________ is ready for the basketball game. It will begin soon.
A.Nothing B.Anything
C.Everything D.Something
9.There isn’t ________ in the classroom. All the students are having a PE lesson in the playground.
A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody
10.—What’s the matter with my throat, doctor?
—______. Drinking more hot water is OK.
A.Something serious B.Nothing serious
C.Serious something D.Serious nothing
11.—Did your brother ________ tennis?
—Yes, he did.
A.plays B.play C.played D.playing
12.—Where ________ they go yesterday?
—They went to the Summer Palace.
A.are B.do C.did D.does
13.—Did you do your homework by ________?
—Yes, I ________.
A.you; did B.myself; did
C.yourself; do D.yourself; did
14.I __________ a camera two weeks ago but I didn’t have a chance to use it.
A.have bought B.bought
C.will buy D.buy
15.—What ________ you _________ last week?
—I bought a bag.
A.did; buy B.did; bought C.do; buy D.do; bought
16.—The cake is so delicious. Thank you, Tom.
—I’m glad you like it. My Mom ________ it last night.
A.make B.makes C.made D.is making
17.My friends visited my family yesterday, so I ________ at home and played with them.
A.stay B.was staying
C.stayed D.am staying
18.Tom saw many students playing basketball in the playground. They ________ so happy.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
19.—What ________ you do yesterday evening?
—I ________ a kite for my little sister.
A.did; made B.do; make C.did; will make D.do; is making
20.— __________ do you like your new classmates, Kate?
—They are very friendly and I like them very much.
A.How B.What C.Who D.Why
二、单词拼写
1.There is (没有新东西) in today’s newspaper.
2.I want to make friends with (某个安静的人).
3.You can learn (某些重要的东西) in the book.
4.Yesterday was Mother’s Day. Did you buy (特别的东西) for your mother?
5.I can’t find Tom (任何地方).
6.I didn’t tell (任何人) about it.
7.Did you go (任何地方) interesting last weekend?
8.Would you like (某物) to eat?
9.There is (没有什么)interesting in today’s newspaper.
10. (每个人) can live happily in such a nice country.
三、选词填空
(1)用 am, is, are, was, were, does, did 来完成句子。
1.— Tina like music?
—Yes, she likes it very much.
2.—What they do?
—They played soccer after school.
3.It raining. Let’s go home.
4.—I here. Where you?
—We are waiting for you at the school gate.
5.It late when we got to the city. But we found many shops open.
(2)从方框中选择适当的不定代词补全短文。
everyone everything no one nothing anything
Dear Mary,
How is everything going? I went to Hailing Island in Yangjiang City with my parents during the summer vacation. 6 was wonderful. We played beach volleyball in the morning. But it was too hot in the afternoon, and there was 7 much to do but swim. Still 8 seemed to be bored. 9 had a good time there. How was your vacation? Did you do 10 interesting? Hope to hear from you!
Alice
四、用恰当的不定代词填空。
1 found Mr. Li’s keys and gave them back to him yesterday.
2 — Did you see in the big box?
— No, I didn’t. There’s in it.
3 helped the little boy. He did it himself.
4My watch doesn’t work. is wrong with it.
5— Hello, !
— Hello, Mr. Smith!
6— How’s it going, Jack?
— Great! is going well.
7— Did you go to the beach with ?
— Yes. I went there with my cousin.
8.I looked for it , but I didn’t find it.
五、完成句子
1.你上个月有看到什么特别的事情吗?
Did you see ?
2.唯一的问题是晚上没有什么事可做。
problem is that there is to do in the evening.
3.我给父母买了一些东西,但没有给自己买。
I my parents, but for myself.
4.这个小女孩很聪明。她似乎知道一切。
The little girl is very clever. She .
5.上周末他们在乡下做了一些有趣的事。
They in the countryside last weekend.
6.The school trip was wonderful. (对画线部分提问)
the school trip?
7.Mary bought lots of things for her mother in the store. (对画线部分提问)
Mary for her mother in the store?
8.Peter did something special in Beijing. (改为一般疑问句)
Peter special in Beijing?
9.I talked to him on the phone yesterday. (改为否定句)
I to him on the phone yesterday.
10.Lisa went to Hong Kong on vacation. (对划线部分提问)
Lisa on vacation?
参考答案:
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
答案
A
A
D
D
B
A
B
C
B
B
题号
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
答案
B
C
D
B
A
C
C
D
A
A
1.A
【详解】句意:我很抱歉。我对此一无所知。这是他们之间的秘密。
考查不定代词。nothing没有什么;something某事物;anything任何事物;everything所有事物。根据“It’s a secret between them.”可知,这是他们之间的秘密,所以我一无所知。故选A。
2.A
【详解】句意:水对每个人都很重要,所以世界各地有许多水的节日。
考查复合不定代词辨析。A. everyone每个人,大家;B. nobody没有人;C. somebody某人;D. something某物。结合句意和语境可知选A。
3.D
【详解】句意:学习是一生的旅程,因为它每天都给我们带来新的东西。
考查不定代词辨析。everything每件事,指所有事物;nothing没有什么,表完全否定;anything任何东西,用于否定句和疑问句代替something;something某物,表不确定,用于肯定句和希望得到肯定回答的疑问句。本句是肯定句,结合“Learning is a life-long journey, for it brings us...new every day.”可知,something new“一些新东西”符合语境,故选D。
4.D
【详解】句意:——你有什么要告诉我的吗?——不,我没什么好说的。
考查代词。something某事,常用于肯定句中;everything一切;nothing没有什么;anything任何事物,常用于否定句或疑问句中。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,第一个空所在句为疑问句,指是否有什么要告诉我,用anything;根据“No”可知,此处指没什么好说的。故选D。
5.B
【详解】句意:——Cindy,教室里有人吗? ——没有。大家都在餐厅。
考查复合不定代词。everyone每一个人,大家,常用于肯定句中,强调所有人;anyone任何一个人,常用于疑问句或否定句中。第一句为一般疑问句,应用anyone提问;第二句为陈述句,再结合“in the dining hall.”可知,此处表示大家都在餐厅,应用everyone表示“每个人”都在餐厅。故选B。
6.A
【详解】句意:医生说每天做一些好的事情可以帮助我们保持健康。
考查形容词修饰复合不定代词的用法。something某事,某物;nothing没有什么,没有一件东西。根据空后“help us keep healthy”可知,此处表示每天做一些有益的事可以帮助我们保持身体健康,选词something。形容词修饰复合不定代词时,需放在复合不定代词之后。故选 A。
7.B
【详解】句意:——Daniel,你为什么笑?——在报纸上有件有趣的事情。来看看。
考查复合不定代词辨析。anything任何事,用于疑问句和否定句;something某件事,用于肯定句;everything一切;nothing没什么事。根据“Why are you laughing”及“There is …funny in the newspaper”可知,报纸里有趣的事情让他笑了,且此句是肯定句,故选B。
8.C
【详解】句意:篮球赛的一切都准备好了。马上就要开始了。
考查复合不定代词词义辨析。Nothing没有什么;Anything任何东西;Everything一切;Something某物。根据“ It will begin soon”可知,一切都准备好了。故选C。
9.B
【详解】句意:教室里一个人也没有。所有的学生都在操场上体育课。
考查复合不定代词辨析。somebody某人;anybody任何人;nobody没有人;everybody每个人。根据“All the students are having a PE lesson in the playground.”可知,教室里没有人,此处是否定句,故选B。
10.B
【详解】句意:——我的喉咙怎么了,医生?——没什么严重的。多喝一些热水就可以了。
考查不定代词用法。Something serious严重的事;Nothing serious没什么严重的。不定代词与形容词连用时形容词放在不定代词的后面。故排除C和D项;根据“Drinking more hot water is OK.”可知此处指没什么事。故选B。
11.B
【详解】句意:——你哥哥打网球了吗?——是的,他打了。
考查动词时态。根据助动词“Did”可知,时态为一般过去时,后跟动词原形。故选B。
12.C
【详解】句意:——昨天你去哪里了?——他们去了颐和园。
考查助动词。are是;do助动词,用于一般现在时,主语是第一、二人称或复数;did助动词,过去式;does助动词,用于一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数。由yesterday可知,此处是一般过去时。故选C。
13.D
【详解】句意:——你作业是自己做的吗?——是的,是我自己做的。
考查代词及时态。you你;myself我自己;yourself你自己。by oneself“靠自己”,固定词组,根据一般疑问句的主语“you”可知,此处用yourself;根据“Did”可知,肯定回答中助动词应用did。故选D。
14.B
【详解】句意:两周前我买了个相机,但是我还没机会用它。
考查时态。根据“two weeks ago”可知描述过去发生的事情,时态为一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选B。
15.A
【详解】句意:——上周你买了什么?——我买了一个包。
考查一般过去时。根据“last week”可知,时态是一般过去时,助动词用did,后面接动词原形buy。故选A。
16.C
【详解】句意:——这蛋糕太好吃了。谢谢你,汤姆。——很高兴你喜欢。我妈妈昨晚做的。
考查时态。根据“last night”可知,句子时态为一般过去时。故选C。
17.C
【详解】句意:昨天我的朋友们来我家玩,所以我呆在家里和他们玩。
考查时态。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知,此句用一般过去时。故选C。
18.D
【详解】句意:汤姆看见许多学生在操场上打篮球。他们很高兴。
考查动词时态。根据“Tom saw many students playing basketball in the playground”可知,时态为一般过去时。排除选项A、B;因主语They为第三人称复数形式,故be动词应用were。故选D。
19.A
【详解】句意:——你昨天晚上做了什么?——我给我的小妹妹制作了一个风筝。
考查时态。根据“yesterday evening”可知句子用一般过去时,变疑问句时借助助动词did,排除BD;第二个句子的谓语动词用过去式made“制作”。故选A。
20.A
【详解】句意:——你觉得你的新同学怎么样,Kate? ——他们非常友好,我很喜欢他们。
考查特殊疑问句。How怎样;What什么;Who谁;Why为什么。根据“They are very friendly ”可知,对方是在询问你的新同学怎么样。故选A。
二、1. nothing new
【详解】句意:今天的报纸上没有什么新鲜事。nothing表示“没有什么”,new“新的”,形容词修饰不定代词需后置。故填nothing;new。
2. someone/somebody quiet
【详解】句意:我想和一个安静的人交朋友。某人:someone/somebody;安静的:quiet,形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置。故填someone/somebody;quiet。
3. something important
【详解】句意:你可以在书中学到一些重要的东西。某些东西:something;重要的:important,形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置。故填something;important。
4. anything special
【详解】句意:昨天是母亲节。你给你妈妈买什么特别的东西了吗?anything“任何东西”,用于疑问句;修饰复合不定代词时,形容词要放在后面,special“特别的”。故填anything;special。
5.anywhere
【详解】句意:我在任何地方都找不到汤姆。anywhere“任何地方”,为不定副词作状语。故填anywhere。
6.anyone/anybody
【详解】句意:我没有告诉任何人这件事。anyone和anybody都表示“任何人”。故填anyone/anybody。
7.anywhere
【详解】句意:你上周末去什么有趣的地方了吗?anywhere“任何地方”,不定副词。故填anywhere。
8.something
【详解】句意:你想吃点什么吗?本句“Would you like…”是表建议的特殊疑问句,故用复合不定代词something“某物”。故填something。
9.nothing
【详解】句意:今天的报纸上没有什么有趣的东西。“没有什么”nothing,不定代词。故填nothing。
10.Everyone
【详解】句意:在如此好的国家,每个人都能生活的很幸福。根据everyone每个人,代词做主语。故填Everyone。
三、(1)1.Does 2.did 3.is 4. am are 5. was were
【解析】1.句意:——Tina喜欢音乐吗?——是的,她非常喜欢。根据“likes”可知,问句是一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数Tina,需用助动词Does。故填Does。
2.句意:——他们做了什么?——他们放学后踢了足球。根据答句中的“played”可知,问句是一般过去时态,需用助动词did。故填did。
3.句意:正在下雨。我们回家吧。根据“raining”可知用现在进行时am/is/are doing,主语It是第三人称单数,需用is。故填is。
4.句意:——我在这里。你们在哪里?——我们在校门口等你。根据题干可知两处都缺少be动词,第一个空主语是I,需用am;第二个空是一般疑问句,主语是you,需用are。故填am;are。
5. 句意:当我们到达这座城市时已经很晚了。但我们发现许多商店还开着。根据“late”可知缺少be动词,再由“got”可知用一般过去时,主语It是第三人称单数,第一空用was;shops是复数,be动词用were。故填was;were。
(2)6.Everything 7.nothing 8.no one 9.Everyone 10.anything
【导语】本文为一篇书信,主要讲述爱丽丝分享假期经历给玛丽,并询问玛丽的假期是否有趣。
6.句意:一切都很棒。由“I went to Hailing Island in Yangjiang City with my parents during the summer vacation.”可知,此处描述整体感受。故填Everything。
7.句意:除了游泳没什么可做的。由“But it was too hot in the afternoon”可知,因为天气原因限制了其他活动。故填nothing。
8.句意:似乎没有人感到无聊。由前文提到的活动受限但紧接着的转折词“Still”可知,大家并未因此感到无聊,故填no one。
9.句意:大家都在那里玩得很开心。由前文活动描述和情绪铺垫可知,每个人都享受了这次旅行。故填Everyone。
10.句意:你做了什么有趣的事情吗?由“Did you do...interesting?”疑问语气和语境可知,这是在询问对方是否有做过什么有趣的活动。故填anything。
四、 1Someone 2 anything nothing 3 No one/ Nobody 4Something 5everyone 6 Everything 7anyone 8everywhere
五、1.anything special last month
【详解】根据题干,句子为一般疑问句,因此用anything表示“某些事”;形容词special修饰不定代词anything时需后置;“上个月”last month。故填anything special last month。
2. The only nothing much
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,The only problem “唯一的问题”,作主语;nothing much “没有什么”。故填The only;nothing much。
3. bought something for nothing
【详解】对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“给……买了一些东西”以及“没有”;buy…for…“给……买……”,固定词组,此处指过去发生的事情,应用过去式形式,此处为肯定句,应用something“某物”;nothing“没有什么”。故填bought;something;for;nothing。
4. seems to know everything
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,该题缺少“似乎知道一切”的翻译,seem to do意为“似乎做某事”;know意为“知道”;everything意为“一切”。主语是she,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,故填seems;to;know;everything。
5. did something interesting
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“做了一些有趣的事”,do“做”,为谓语动词,因句中last weekend,故时态为一般过去时,谓语动词需用过去式did,有趣的事情“something interesting”, 形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词要放在不定代词的后面。故填did;something;interesting。
6. How was
【详解】句意:学校旅行很精彩。画线部分woderful是形容词,表示对事物的评价,应用how引导的特殊疑问句来提问,谓语仍用原句中的was。故填How;was。
7. What did buy
【详解】句意:Mary在商店里给她的妈妈买了很多东西。划线部分lots of things表示物品,应用what来提问,根据“bought”可知其为实义动词,句子采用一般过去时,应借助助动词did,后加动词原形buy。故填What;did;buy。
8. Did do anything
【详解】句意:彼得在北京做了一些特别的事。原题干的谓语动词为did,变为一般疑问句时,应借助助动词did,位于句首,首字母要大写,后接动词原形do;另外疑问句中应将something改为anything。故填Did;do;anything。
9. didn’t talk
【详解】句意:我昨天和他通过电话。原句中“talked”是动词过去式,改为否定句借助于助动词didn’t,后接动词原形,故填didn’t;talk。
10. Where did go
【详解】句意:丽莎去香港度假了。划线部分“Hong Kong”表示地点,应用疑问词where提问,置于句首,首字母要大写;原题干谓语动词为went,变成问句时要借助助动词did,置于特殊疑问词之后,后接动词原形式go。故填Where;did;go。
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