内容正文:
读《西游记Journey to the West》画思维导图学英语语法
指示代词
Wukong stomped his foot. “I’m not leaving until I get what I want!”
“This is an outrage!” said the Dragon King.
The queen whispered to him again. “What about the magical iron bar in the treasury? I’m sure that’s heavy enough.”
“We can’t give that to him,” said the Dragon King. “It’s a treasure from Heaven.”
“Who cares?” said the queen. “I just want this monkey out of my palace!”
The Dragon King sighed. “Wukong, we might have something heavy enough for you.”
“Bring it here,” said Wukong.
“We can’t,” said the Dragon King. “It’s too heavy for anyone to lift. But if you can lift it, we’ll let you have it.”
“Show me where it is,” said Wukong.
The group went to the treasury. An enormous iron pillar stood in the center of the room. Beams of golden light shone from it.
“That pillar was used to measure all the oceans and rivers,” said the Dragon King.
Wukong went closer and looked up at the large piece of iron.
The Dragon King folded his arms. “If you can pick it up, you can have it.”
表示“这个”,“那个”,“这些”,“那些”等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。
1、 指示代词有哪些呢?你能说出多少?看看下面这个表格,也许你就明白了。
单数
复数
意义
this
these
是指在时间上或空间上离说话的人较近的人或物
that
those
是指在时间上或空间上离说话的人较远的人或物
指示代词在句子中的作用有哪些呢?
(
A
)
指示代词在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
作主语
this / that作主语时,系动词be用单数形式is,后面的名词也用单数形式。
This is a perfect weapon for me (
This后面接is, 后面的weapon是单数形式。
).
这对我来说是一件完美的武器。
(
That后面接is, 后面的treasure是单数形式。
)That is a Buddhist treasure.
那是佛教的珍宝。
(
常见考题
(改写句子)
This is a beautiful girl.
这是一个漂亮的女孩。
= This girl is beautiful.
这个女孩很漂亮。
)
these / those作主语时,系动词be用复数形式are,后面的名词也用复数形式。
Those are Wukong's shoes.
那些是悟空的鞋子。
(
B
)作宾语。
You like this but I like that.
(
this和that在本句中做like的宾语。this指代时间上或空间上离说话的人较近的事物;that指代时间上或空间上离说话的人较远的事物。
)你喜欢这个但是我喜欢那个。
We can do that at home.
(
C
)我们可以回家做那个。
作表语。
What I like is that / this.
(
D
)我喜欢的就是那个 / 这个。
作定语
Hold onto this float.
抓好这个浮板。
Turn that wheel.
转动那个轮子。
These models are made of iron.
这些模型是用铁做的。
You can take those little bags with you.
你可以携带上那些小包和你一起。
that, those的替代。为了避免重复,可用that, those代替前面提到过的事物。但是this,these一般不可用于这种代替。
The books written by Wukong are as good as those (=前面提到的the books) written by Bajie.
悟空写的书和八戒写的书一样好。
(
that作主语,代替前面讲到的原因,即,
Zhu Bajie
was ill (猪八戒生病了)。
)this, that有时可代替句子或句中的一部分。
Zhu Bajie was ill. That’s why he didn’t come.
猪八戒生病了,那就是他没来的原因。
(
Note
介绍某人时,用this或that。而不用he或she。
This is my brother,
Sun Wukong
.
这是我的师哥,孙悟空。
打电话时,说自己是谁用This is...
Sun Wukong:
Sun Wukong
speaking.
Zhu Bajie:
This is
Bajie
.
Where are you?
孙悟空:这里是孙悟空。
猪八戒: 我是八戒,你在哪里?
问别人是谁时,通常用Who's that?
)
上面对指示代词的介绍,你明白了吗?下面是个关于指示代词的思维导图,你看看能不能根据之前的内容,填写好呢。来试一试吧。
小试牛刀
1、 学了指示代词后,请完成下面这个表格。
单数
复数
意义
this
________
是指在时间上或空间上离说话的人较____的人或物
_________
those
是指在时间上或空间上离说话的人较_____的人或物
二、英汉互译。
1. 这支钢笔_____________ 2. 那些英语书_________
3. these erasers_____________ 4. that car____________
5. 那棵树_________________ 6.those tigers___________
7.这些芒果_________________ 8.那个球_____________
9.这把雨伞_________________ 10.那些书架_____________
三、句型转换。
1. This is an umbrella .(变成复数形式)
______________________________________________
2. What are these?(用cat作答)
______________________________________________
3. Is that a monkey? (作肯定和否定回答)
______________________________________________
4. What are those? (变单数形式)
______________________________________________
5. Are these pigs? (作肯定回答)
______________________________________________
6. Is that a bookstore? (变复数形式)
______________________________________________
7. What is this? (用orange作答)
______________________________________________
8. Are those dictionaries? (变成肯定句)
______________________________________________
9. Are these pet shops? (作肯定和否定回答)
______________________________________________
10. What is this? (变复数形式)
_____________________________________________
四、单选题。
1.—Hello, Lucy. ______ Millie.
—Nice to meet you.
A. He is B. Her name are C. This is D. She
2.Hello, Amy! is my cousin Gina and ______ are her mom and dad.
A. This; that B. These; that C. This; those D. These; those
3.These ________ my sisters and that ________ my brother.
A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are
4.— Are______Kate's______?
— No,they aren't.
A. this;book B. that;books C. these;books D. those;book
5.________ is my brother and ________ name is Jeff Brown.
A. This,his B. This,her C. she,his D. He,her
6.—Are your keys?
—Yes, they are. They're .
A. this; my B. that; mine C. these;my D. those;mine
7.Where are the books?________ on the desk.
A. It is B. They are C. There are D. There is
8.Those ______ my aunts, my father's sisters.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
9.Mr. Black, ________ is my father.
A. it B. this C. she D. I
10._____ are my cousins._____ is my brother over there.
A. Those,This B. This,That C. These,That D. That,This
画思维导图学指示代词参考答案
一、
单数
复数
意义
this
these
是指在时间上或空间上离说话的人较近的人或物
that
those
是指在时间上或空间上离说话的人较远的人或物
二、1. this pen 2. those English books 3. 这些橡皮 4. 那辆车 5. that tree
6. 那些老虎 7. these mangoes 8. that ball 9. this umbrella 10. those bookshelves
三、1. These are umbrellas. 2. These are cats. 3. Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 4. What’s that? 5. Yes, they are. 6. Are those bookstores? 7. This is an orange. 8. Is this a dictionary? 9. Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. 10. What are these?
四、
1. C。 向他人介绍某人时,用“This is...”句式,意为“这是……”。
2. C。 句意:你好,艾米!这是我表哥吉娜和那是她的妈妈和爸爸。根据be动词的形式,第一空是is,可知主语应是单数,因此是this或that;第二空be动词是are,可知主语是复数,因此是these或those。故选C。
3. B。 these(这些)表示复数,be动词用are;that(那;那个)表示单数,be动词用is。故选B。
4. C。 this这个;that那个;these这些;those那些。根据第一个空前面的词语是are,所以要用these和books来填空。
5. A。 这是我的弟弟,他的名字叫Jeff Brown。this这个;his他的;her她的;she她;he他。介绍某人时用固定句式This is…,排除C和D选项。根据"brother"可知,此处指男性。
6. D。 那些是你的钥匙吗? 是的,他们是我的。第一空根据are可知是复数,排除AB;第二空表示所属关系,后面没有名词,故用名词性物主代词。排除C。
7. B。 句意"这些书在哪?他们在桌子上。"it is它是;they are 它们是;there are 有;there is有。根据题干Where are the books?这些书在哪?可知主语books是名词复数,所以用They are。故选B。
8. D。 句意:那些是我的姑姑们,我父亲的姐妹。主语Those是复数,be动词用are。故选:D。
9. B。 用固定句型法。“This is...”是英语中介绍别人常用的句型,意思是“这是……”。故选B。
10. C。这些是我的堂弟。那边的那个是我弟弟。 those那些;this这个;that那个;these这些。根据第一个空后面的词语是are,所以要用these或those来填空;根据第二个空后面的词语是over there,所以要用that来填空,综上所述第一个空用these,第二个空用that。
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