06 科学技术-2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期同步拓展主题阅读(通用版)

主题06 科学技术 主题简析 初中英语阅读科学技术类主题主要围绕‌科学技术的发展与应用‌展开。‌这类主题通常包括最新的科技动态、‌科技发明创造、‌人工智能、‌太空探索、‌环境保护与科技发展、‌互联网及其影响等多个方面。‌例如，‌可能会介绍数字货币、‌仿生眼睛、‌无人驾驶等未来科技趋势，‌或者探讨中国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统、‌人工智能公园等具体科技应用。‌此外，‌还会涉及科技对社会、‌生活、‌环境等方面的影响，‌以及科技进步带来的挑战与机遇‌。‌ 词句积累 科技类词根、‌前缀和后缀举例‌ ‌词根用法‌ ‌"sci"‌：‌ 表示“科学”，‌如“science”（‌科学）‌。‌ ‌"tech"‌：‌ 表示“技术”，‌如“technology”（‌技术）‌。‌ ‌前缀用法‌ ‌"cyber"‌：‌ 表示“计算机或网络相关”，‌如“cyberspace”（‌网络空间）‌。‌ ‌"auto"‌：‌ 表示“自动”，‌如“automatic”（‌自动的）‌。‌ ‌后缀用法‌ ‌"logy"‌：‌ 表示“学科”，‌如“biology”（‌生物学）‌。‌ ‌"ics"‌：‌ 表示“学科或技术”，‌如“physics”（‌物理学）‌。‌ 英语科技类主题相关例句‌ Technology has made our lives easier and more convenient. 科技让我们的生活变得更加轻松和便利。‌ The internet allows us to access information from anywhere in the world. 互联网让我们能够从世界的任何地方获取信息。‌ Mobile phones have become an essential part of our daily lives. 手机已经成为我们日常生活中必不可少的一部分。‌ Scientists are working on developing new technologies to solve environmental problems. 科学家们正在努力开发新技术来解决环境问题。‌ The use of renewable energy sources is important for protecting the environment. 使用可再生能源对于保护环境很重要。‌ Computers have revolutionized the way we work and learn. 电脑彻底改变了我们的工作和学习方式。‌ Biotechnology is being used to develop new medicines and treatments. 生物技术正在被用来开发新的药物和治疗方法。‌ The development of artificial intelligence is changing the way we interact with technology. 人工智能的发展正在改变我们与技术的交互方式。‌ 综合演练 1 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）No one can change the weather. Nobody can control (控制) the weather. But if we read correctly the signs around us, we can tell what the more important changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather report. For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weather and tried to make weather reports. Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain. The fact that many people feel their joints (关节) hurt is a sign of wet weather. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way. If you see a rainbow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such rainbows come in the evening. If the stars twinkle clearly at night, then fine weather will continue. If a fog appears in the morning just above a river, then the day will be warm. If the sunset is mostly red in colour, then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come. Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather reports. 1．According to the passage, people’s joints hurt ________. A．and it is a sign of coming rain B．for no reason C．because they are ill D．because of the insects 2．Which is TRUE about a weather report? A．It is a game about the weather. B．It is a way of telling what the weather will be like. C．It is a sign of coming rain. D．People can change it. 3．The birds flying high and the stars twinkling clearly are signs that the weather will ________. A．become warm B．be rainy and cold C．be clear and fine D．be cold and snowy 4．If a rainbow appears in the morning, the weather may be ________. A．foggy B．sunny C．rainy D．windy 5．We must ________to make weather reports. A．use our eyes and brains B．study the weather carefully C．read the signs correctly D．A, B & C 2 （23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·期中）Welcome to www. penpal. me. To get more information, please click (点击) here. →WHAT YOU GET In this website, you can exchange (交换) postcards with new pen pals. Share your interests and stories with people from all over the world. Learn about different cultures and languages. OUR USERS SAY Jannie (the UK) After spending some time abroad, I felt lonely back in my home country. Thankfully, I found Pen Pal. With Pen Pal, I’ve made friends thousands of kilometers away. And I’ve been able to learn some Chinese while doing that. Mike (Singapore) Writing postcards has given me a way to relax (放松) and take a break. I love to put a personal picture on my postcard and tell the story behind it. Thank you, Pen Pal, for giving me the chance to meet wonderful people and share my happiness through writing! Mary(the USA) I always feel happy and excited when I open my mailbox and see a new card. Through Pen Pal, I’ve made a truly great friend, Yokio, who is from Japan. We talk about many interesting things and share our experiences of everyday life. I hope everyone can find someone they feel close to. 6．What can the users do through Pen Pal? A．They can share a new mailbox. B．They can exchange nice gifts. C．They can go abroad with friends. D．They can learn a different language. 7．How does the text show that Pen Pal is useful? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By showing reasons. D．By raising questions. 8．The text above is probably taken from ________. A．a poster B．the Internet C．a magazine D．a newspaper 3 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）The 2023 Nobel Prize was announced in October, 2023.The Nobel Prize for Physics French-Swedish scientist Anne L’Huillier, French scientist Pierre Agostini and Hungarian (匈牙利的)-born Ferenc Krausz won the Nobel Prize for Physics. They have made attosecond pulses (阿秒脉冲) of light, a new tool for looking at electrons (电子) inside atoms (原子). An attosecond is 1x10-18 of a second. With this tool, scientists can better understand how electrons move.The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine Hungarian-American Katalin Kariko and American Drew Weissman won the prize for their work on mRNA．Their work helped to save millions of lives. The technology may also be used to develop vaccines against illnesses like AIDS.The Nobel Prize for Literature Norwegian writer Jon Fosse won the prize for his innovative (创新的) plays and prose (散文). Different from traditional plays, Fosse’s works pay more attention to emotions (情感) than stories and characters. Fosse touches on deep themes like aging, love, death and art in his works. 9．How many prize winners are there in the passage? A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven. D．Eight. 10．We can ________with attosecond pulses of light. A．look for atoms B．look at electrons C．understand how light moves D．cure people with AIDS 11．Drew Weissman may be an expert (专家) on ________. A．Physics B．Maths C．medicine D．Geography 12．Which of the following is not the main themes in Fosse’s works? A．Love. B．Death. C．Art. D．Work. 4 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）There is almost no water in the desert (沙漠), but many animals can live in it. How do these animals get water and stay alive? Everything is hot and dry in the daytime, but the night is cold. Plants often have dew (露珠) on them in the early morning. This is because cold air can’t hold as much water as hot air. Small insects can drink the dew, and bigger animals eat the plants with the dew on them. Some small animals get water from the bodies of insects. Bigger animals get water from the bodies of small animals. This North American bird is called a roadrunner (走鹃). It runs fast and catches small snakes, lizards and scorpions. Some animals can wait many years for water. When the rain falls, baby shrimps (虾) come out of their eggs. They grow quickly and lay new eggs. Then the water dries up, and the shrimps die. But the new eggs do not die. They wait in the ground for the next rain. They can wait for 50 years. Most big animals can’t live in the desert because they need a few litres (公升) of water every day. They can’t keep water in their bodies for a long time. But camels are different. They can drink 90 litres of water in ten minutes, and then drink nothing for a week. 13．From the passage we know that the desert is a place with ________. A．no animals B．not much water C．no plants D．a lot of plants 14．Insects can drink _________. A．when there is dew B．when the sun goes down C．when bigger animals eat D．when the night comes 15．The North American bird roadrunner doesn’t eat ________. A．snakes B．lizards C．insects D．scorpions 16．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．Without water, the shrimps and their eggs can’t live. B．Most of the big animals, like camels, need water every day. C．Bigger animals get water from the bodies of insects and small animals. D．Hot air can hold more water than cold air. 17．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How can animals live in the desert? B．Where can animals find their food? C．What can animals do in the desert? D．When can animals find their food in the desert? 5 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）The blue whale (鲸) is the largest animal alive today. And one of these whales made a long journey through the South Pacific. The whale named Isabellla was first recorded near the Galapagos Islands, west of Costa Rica. Years later, people saw Isabellla off the coast (海岸) of Chile in South America. The two places are about 5,200 kilometres away. Blue whales are found in all the world’s oceans (海洋) but live in deep waters. So there are few places where they can be found easily. What’s more, they were almost driven (驱逐) by whaling (捕鲸业) a century ago. Their number is increasing (增加). But because there are so few of the animals, they are still thought endangered (濒危的). One blue whale may look like any other to most of us. But each animal has special spots (斑点). “We use those spots as the fingerprints (指纹) of blue whales,” Torres Florez says. To make the comparison (对比) job easier, scientists mainly watch the area around a whale’s dorsal fin (鳍), which is on its back. “Comparing those spots, we are able to tell if a whale is the same whale we saw in different places or if the same whale is seen during different years in the same place,” he says. Isabella is not the only blue whale to travel so far, the scientists say. Whales migrate regularly (定期地) from Chile to the Galapagos. In summer months, waters in the far southern Pacific are full of krill (磷虾), but that food disappears (消失) in winter. That’s when the whales travel north to warm, tropical (热带的) waters near the Galapagos. There, instead of feeding, the whales give birth to babies. Scientists don’t know why whales like to have babies in tropical waters. But the ocean there may be warmer and calmer and have fewer killer whales that would feed on baby blue whales, according to Torres Florez. 18．What can we infer about blue whales in Paragraph 2? A．They are not in danger any more. B．It’s difficult for scientists to study them. C．They can’t live well in a new place. D．People can see them anywhere. 19．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How to study blue whales. B．The spots of blue whales. C．How to find out the exact blue whale. D．The lifestyles of blue whales. 20．What does the underlined word “migrate” mean in Chinese? A．演变 B．分离 C．迁徙 D．繁殖 21．According to Torres Florez, whales like to have babies in tropical waters because ________. A．there is enough food for baby blue whales B．they don’t have enemies (敌人) there C．it’s easy for them to find a mate (配偶) there D．it’s easy for baby blue whales to stay alive there 6 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）In 1987 a small company named Huawei was started in Shenzhen. After more than 30 years of development, the company has now beaten Apple and become the world’s second largest maker of smartphones. It has also become the world’s largest supplier (供应商) of 5G. But recently, Huawei faces some difficulties. The US government made a law to stop its sales in America. American officials said Huawei gave information that it collected to the Chinese government. At the same time, the US government stopped selling parts and services to Huawei. They believed that Huawei’s business would be hurt this way. “We have never received such a request from the Chinese government and we have never tried to get into other systems to collect information,” Ren Zhengfei, Huawei’s president said. “The law would have little effect on our company. Huawei has enough ability to deal with the problems,” Ren added. In an interview (采访) several years ago, Ren Zhengfei said, “I started Huawei with only £4,000 at the beginning, but now it has become a $100 billion company. The experience was not as romantic as you imagine.” Facing the law of the US, Huawei is growing. Huawei’s smartphone sales around the world rose 50 percent compared with a year earlier in the first three months of 2019. So far, Huawei has grown into the world’s largest telecommunication equipment supplier (电信设备供应商), selling in 170 countries! It may beat Samsung as the largest smart phone maker in the near future. 22．Which company is the largest supplier of 5G in the world? A．Apple. B．Samsung. C．Huawei. D．Nokia. 23．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Huawei collected the information for the Chinese government. B．Ren Zhengfei started Huawei with only£ 4,000 in 1987. C．Huawei has beaten Samsung, a South Korean phone maker so far. D．Huawei has developed its business smoothly. 24．What does the underlined word “romantic” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．浪漫的 B．现实的 C．成功的 D．麻烦的 25．From what Ren Zhengfei said, we can learn that Huawei ________. A．is deeply affected by the ban B．refuses to supply services to the US government C．can solve the problems it is facing D．is asked to supply information to other countries 26．The last paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．Huawei has become one of the most famous phone companies B．Huawei has become the largest maker of smartphones in the world C．Huawei has got into some systems of the US D．Huawei is full of hope and must succeed in the future 7 （23-24八年级上·广东深圳·期中）Gentoo penguins are fast. They are the fastest swimming birds in the world. Now, scientists think they know how they do it. The birds’ trick is called “feathering.” It changes the angle of their wings while swimming. That helps them achieve faster speed. Bo Yin is a scientist. He works at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. He and other scientists watched videos of the birds. They also made computer models of penguin wings in motion (动作). Then, they looked at the models. They saw the effect of feathering. How does feathering work? A penguin raises the bottoms of its wings. It moves them forward or back. That changes the wings’ angle to the water and also reduces the water resistance against a penguin’s wings. That means less water pushes against the wings. This lets the penguin move ahead faster. How often a Gentoo flaps (拍打) its wings also plays an important role. Flapping many times per second helps the bird move forward. But it uses more energy. So, it’s not really the best way to gain speed. Yin and his team found the most efficient way for penguins is to tilt their wings back 18 degrees and flap about once per second. H. Tanaka, an engineer, has studied penguin movement. A computer model can capture many key details of penguin wings, he says. But still, it isn’t 100 percent true. “This model was still simpler than the real penguin,” Tanaka says. 27．What is the Gentoo penguin known for? A．Being the largest penguin species. B．Being the smallest penguin species. C．Being the best diver among penguins. D．Being the fastest swimming bird in the world. 28．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The meaning of feathering. B．The ways feathering work. C．The study about feathering. D．The importance of feathering. 29．What does “gain” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．develop B．reduce C．stop D．change 30．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．In the future, more detailed work is needed. B．The wing model was as flat as the real penguin. C．The study failed to capture the movement of the bird. D．The model failed to get the details of penguin wings. 31．Where can you find this article? A．A science fiction. B．A science magazine. C．A story book. D．An encyclopedia. 8 （23-24八年级上·重庆沙坪坝·期中）Can you imagine (想象) building a house with your own sweat (汗), tears and even blood? This is what astronauts might do on Mars in the future. Scientists at the University of Manchester, UK have made a new type of brick (砖块). It is made from Human blood, urine (尿液), sweat, tears and simulated Mars soil (模拟火星土). The protein (蛋白质) from human bodies is like the “glue (胶水)”. It holds the soil together. Scientists say it’s 300 percent stronger than bricks we use today. Why do we need to do this? Well, if we want to build houses on Mars, we need lots of bricks. But it costs 13 million yuan to send just one brick to Mars. So scientists are thinking: Maybe we could use something in our bodies! Scientists say that six astronauts could make 500 kilograms of such bricks in just two years. Later they can build bigger houses for more astronauts to go and live there. Together, they can build even more houses! 32．What did scientists at the University of Manchester do? A．They built a house to keep astronauts’ sweat and tears. B．They used human sweat and tears to build a house. C．They found a new type of brick on Mars. D．They made a new type of brick. 33．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．How strong the bricks that we use today. B．What the new type of brick is made from. C．How much it costs to make a brick. D．What kind of brick is good for building houses. 34．Why did scientists make this new kind of brick? A．To find an easier way to make bricks. B．To make good use of human bodies. C．To build houses on Mars. D．To build houses for poor people. 35．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Some astronauts began to make the new bricks. B．Scientists are planning to live on Mars. C．It might take years to build a house on Mars. D．Astronauts need 500 kg of bricks to build a house. ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 主题06 科学技术 主题简析 初中英语阅读科学技术类主题主要围绕‌科学技术的发展与应用‌展开。‌这类主题通常包括最新的科技动态、‌科技发明创造、‌人工智能、‌太空探索、‌环境保护与科技发展、‌互联网及其影响等多个方面。‌例如，‌可能会介绍数字货币、‌仿生眼睛、‌无人驾驶等未来科技趋势，‌或者探讨中国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统、‌人工智能公园等具体科技应用。‌此外，‌还会涉及科技对社会、‌生活、‌环境等方面的影响，‌以及科技进步带来的挑战与机遇‌。‌ 词句积累 科技类词根、‌前缀和后缀举例‌ ‌词根用法‌ ‌"sci"‌：‌ 表示“科学”，‌如“science”（‌科学）‌。‌ ‌"tech"‌：‌ 表示“技术”，‌如“technology”（‌技术）‌。‌ ‌前缀用法‌ ‌"cyber"‌：‌ 表示“计算机或网络相关”，‌如“cyberspace”（‌网络空间）‌。‌ ‌"auto"‌：‌ 表示“自动”，‌如“automatic”（‌自动的）‌。‌ ‌后缀用法‌ ‌"logy"‌：‌ 表示“学科”，‌如“biology”（‌生物学）‌。‌ ‌"ics"‌：‌ 表示“学科或技术”，‌如“physics”（‌物理学）‌。‌ 英语科技类主题相关例句‌ Technology has made our lives easier and more convenient. 科技让我们的生活变得更加轻松和便利。‌ The internet allows us to access information from anywhere in the world. 互联网让我们能够从世界的任何地方获取信息。‌ Mobile phones have become an essential part of our daily lives. 手机已经成为我们日常生活中必不可少的一部分。‌ Scientists are working on developing new technologies to solve environmental problems. 科学家们正在努力开发新技术来解决环境问题。‌ The use of renewable energy sources is important for protecting the environment. 使用可再生能源对于保护环境很重要。‌ Computers have revolutionized the way we work and learn. 电脑彻底改变了我们的工作和学习方式。‌ Biotechnology is being used to develop new medicines and treatments. 生物技术正在被用来开发新的药物和治疗方法。‌ The development of artificial intelligence is changing the way we interact with technology. 人工智能的发展正在改变我们与技术的交互方式。‌ 综合演练 1 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）No one can change the weather. Nobody can control (控制) the weather. But if we read correctly the signs around us, we can tell what the more important changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather report. For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weather and tried to make weather reports. Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain. The fact that many people feel their joints (关节) hurt is a sign of wet weather. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way. If you see a rainbow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such rainbows come in the evening. If the stars twinkle clearly at night, then fine weather will continue. If a fog appears in the morning just above a river, then the day will be warm. If the sunset is mostly red in colour, then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come. Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather reports. 1．According to the passage, people’s joints hurt ________. A．and it is a sign of coming rain B．for no reason C．because they are ill D．because of the insects 2．Which is TRUE about a weather report? A．It is a game about the weather. B．It is a way of telling what the weather will be like. C．It is a sign of coming rain. D．People can change it. 3．The birds flying high and the stars twinkling clearly are signs that the weather will ________. A．become warm B．be rainy and cold C．be clear and fine D．be cold and snowy 4．If a rainbow appears in the morning, the weather may be ________. A．foggy B．sunny C．rainy D．windy 5．We must ________to make weather reports. A．use our eyes and brains B．study the weather carefully C．read the signs correctly D．A, B & C 2 （23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·期中）Welcome to www. penpal. me. To get more information, please click (点击) here. →WHAT YOU GET In this website, you can exchange (交换) postcards with new pen pals. Share your interests and stories with people from all over the world. Learn about different cultures and languages. OUR USERS SAY Jannie (the UK) After spending some time abroad, I felt lonely back in my home country. Thankfully, I found Pen Pal. With Pen Pal, I’ve made friends thousands of kilometers away. And I’ve been able to learn some Chinese while doing that. Mike (Singapore) Writing postcards has given me a way to relax (放松) and take a break. I love to put a personal picture on my postcard and tell the story behind it. Thank you, Pen Pal, for giving me the chance to meet wonderful people and share my happiness through writing! Mary(the USA) I always feel happy and excited when I open my mailbox and see a new card. Through Pen Pal, I’ve made a truly great friend, Yokio, who is from Japan. We talk about many interesting things and share our experiences of everyday life. I hope everyone can find someone they feel close to. 6．What can the users do through Pen Pal? A．They can share a new mailbox. B．They can exchange nice gifts. C．They can go abroad with friends. D．They can learn a different language. 7．How does the text show that Pen Pal is useful? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By showing reasons. D．By raising questions. 8．The text above is probably taken from ________. A．a poster B．the Internet C．a magazine D．a newspaper 3 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）The 2023 Nobel Prize was announced in October, 2023.The Nobel Prize for Physics French-Swedish scientist Anne L’Huillier, French scientist Pierre Agostini and Hungarian (匈牙利的)-born Ferenc Krausz won the Nobel Prize for Physics. They have made attosecond pulses (阿秒脉冲) of light, a new tool for looking at electrons (电子) inside atoms (原子). An attosecond is 1x10-18 of a second. With this tool, scientists can better understand how electrons move.The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine Hungarian-American Katalin Kariko and American Drew Weissman won the prize for their work on mRNA．Their work helped to save millions of lives. The technology may also be used to develop vaccines against illnesses like AIDS.The Nobel Prize for Literature Norwegian writer Jon Fosse won the prize for his innovative (创新的) plays and prose (散文). Different from traditional plays, Fosse’s works pay more attention to emotions (情感) than stories and characters. Fosse touches on deep themes like aging, love, death and art in his works. 9．How many prize winners are there in the passage? A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven. D．Eight. 10．We can ________with attosecond pulses of light. A．look for atoms B．look at electrons C．understand how light moves D．cure people with AIDS 11．Drew Weissman may be an expert (专家) on ________. A．Physics B．Maths C．medicine D．Geography 12．Which of the following is not the main themes in Fosse’s works? A．Love. B．Death. C．Art. D．Work. 4 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）There is almost no water in the desert (沙漠), but many animals can live in it. How do these animals get water and stay alive? Everything is hot and dry in the daytime, but the night is cold. Plants often have dew (露珠) on them in the early morning. This is because cold air can’t hold as much water as hot air. Small insects can drink the dew, and bigger animals eat the plants with the dew on them. Some small animals get water from the bodies of insects. Bigger animals get water from the bodies of small animals. This North American bird is called a roadrunner (走鹃). It runs fast and catches small snakes, lizards and scorpions. Some animals can wait many years for water. When the rain falls, baby shrimps (虾) come out of their eggs. They grow quickly and lay new eggs. Then the water dries up, and the shrimps die. But the new eggs do not die. They wait in the ground for the next rain. They can wait for 50 years. Most big animals can’t live in the desert because they need a few litres (公升) of water every day. They can’t keep water in their bodies for a long time. But camels are different. They can drink 90 litres of water in ten minutes, and then drink nothing for a week. 13．From the passage we know that the desert is a place with ________. A．no animals B．not much water C．no plants D．a lot of plants 14．Insects can drink _________. A．when there is dew B．when the sun goes down C．when bigger animals eat D．when the night comes 15．The North American bird roadrunner doesn’t eat ________. A．snakes B．lizards C．insects D．scorpions 16．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．Without water, the shrimps and their eggs can’t live. B．Most of the big animals, like camels, need water every day. C．Bigger animals get water from the bodies of insects and small animals. D．Hot air can hold more water than cold air. 17．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How can animals live in the desert? B．Where can animals find their food? C．What can animals do in the desert? D．When can animals find their food in the desert? 5 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）The blue whale (鲸) is the largest animal alive today. And one of these whales made a long journey through the South Pacific. The whale named Isabellla was first recorded near the Galapagos Islands, west of Costa Rica. Years later, people saw Isabellla off the coast (海岸) of Chile in South America. The two places are about 5,200 kilometres away. Blue whales are found in all the world’s oceans (海洋) but live in deep waters. So there are few places where they can be found easily. What’s more, they were almost driven (驱逐) by whaling (捕鲸业) a century ago. Their number is increasing (增加). But because there are so few of the animals, they are still thought endangered (濒危的). One blue whale may look like any other to most of us. But each animal has special spots (斑点). “We use those spots as the fingerprints (指纹) of blue whales,” Torres Florez says. To make the comparison (对比) job easier, scientists mainly watch the area around a whale’s dorsal fin (鳍), which is on its back. “Comparing those spots, we are able to tell if a whale is the same whale we saw in different places or if the same whale is seen during different years in the same place,” he says. Isabella is not the only blue whale to travel so far, the scientists say. Whales migrate regularly (定期地) from Chile to the Galapagos. In summer months, waters in the far southern Pacific are full of krill (磷虾), but that food disappears (消失) in winter. That’s when the whales travel north to warm, tropical (热带的) waters near the Galapagos. There, instead of feeding, the whales give birth to babies. Scientists don’t know why whales like to have babies in tropical waters. But the ocean there may be warmer and calmer and have fewer killer whales that would feed on baby blue whales, according to Torres Florez. 18．What can we infer about blue whales in Paragraph 2? A．They are not in danger any more. B．It’s difficult for scientists to study them. C．They can’t live well in a new place. D．People can see them anywhere. 19．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How to study blue whales. B．The spots of blue whales. C．How to find out the exact blue whale. D．The lifestyles of blue whales. 20．What does the underlined word “migrate” mean in Chinese? A．演变 B．分离 C．迁徙 D．繁殖 21．According to Torres Florez, whales like to have babies in tropical waters because ________. A．there is enough food for baby blue whales B．they don’t have enemies (敌人) there C．it’s easy for them to find a mate (配偶) there D．it’s easy for baby blue whales to stay alive there 6 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）In 1987 a small company named Huawei was started in Shenzhen. After more than 30 years of development, the company has now beaten Apple and become the world’s second largest maker of smartphones. It has also become the world’s largest supplier (供应商) of 5G. But recently, Huawei faces some difficulties. The US government made a law to stop its sales in America. American officials said Huawei gave information that it collected to the Chinese government. At the same time, the US government stopped selling parts and services to Huawei. They believed that Huawei’s business would be hurt this way. “We have never received such a request from the Chinese government and we have never tried to get into other systems to collect information,” Ren Zhengfei, Huawei’s president said. “The law would have little effect on our company. Huawei has enough ability to deal with the problems,” Ren added. In an interview (采访) several years ago, Ren Zhengfei said, “I started Huawei with only £4,000 at the beginning, but now it has become a $100 billion company. The experience was not as romantic as you imagine.” Facing the law of the US, Huawei is growing. Huawei’s smartphone sales around the world rose 50 percent compared with a year earlier in the first three months of 2019. So far, Huawei has grown into the world’s largest telecommunication equipment supplier (电信设备供应商), selling in 170 countries! It may beat Samsung as the largest smart phone maker in the near future. 22．Which company is the largest supplier of 5G in the world? A．Apple. B．Samsung. C．Huawei. D．Nokia. 23．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Huawei collected the information for the Chinese government. B．Ren Zhengfei started Huawei with only£ 4,000 in 1987. C．Huawei has beaten Samsung, a South Korean phone maker so far. D．Huawei has developed its business smoothly. 24．What does the underlined word “romantic” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．浪漫的 B．现实的 C．成功的 D．麻烦的 25．From what Ren Zhengfei said, we can learn that Huawei ________. A．is deeply affected by the ban B．refuses to supply services to the US government C．can solve the problems it is facing D．is asked to supply information to other countries 26．The last paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．Huawei has become one of the most famous phone companies B．Huawei has become the largest maker of smartphones in the world C．Huawei has got into some systems of the US D．Huawei is full of hope and must succeed in the future 7 （23-24八年级上·广东深圳·期中）Gentoo penguins are fast. They are the fastest swimming birds in the world. Now, scientists think they know how they do it. The birds’ trick is called “feathering.” It changes the angle of their wings while swimming. That helps them achieve faster speed. Bo Yin is a scientist. He works at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. He and other scientists watched videos of the birds. They also made computer models of penguin wings in motion (动作). Then, they looked at the models. They saw the effect of feathering. How does feathering work? A penguin raises the bottoms of its wings. It moves them forward or back. That changes the wings’ angle to the water and also reduces the water resistance against a penguin’s wings. That means less water pushes against the wings. This lets the penguin move ahead faster. How often a Gentoo flaps (拍打) its wings also plays an important role. Flapping many times per second helps the bird move forward. But it uses more energy. So, it’s not really the best way to gain speed. Yin and his team found the most efficient way for penguins is to tilt their wings back 18 degrees and flap about once per second. H. Tanaka, an engineer, has studied penguin movement. A computer model can capture many key details of penguin wings, he says. But still, it isn’t 100 percent true. “This model was still simpler than the real penguin,” Tanaka says. 27．What is the Gentoo penguin known for? A．Being the largest penguin species. B．Being the smallest penguin species. C．Being the best diver among penguins. D．Being the fastest swimming bird in the world. 28．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The meaning of feathering. B．The ways feathering work. C．The study about feathering. D．The importance of feathering. 29．What does “gain” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．develop B．reduce C．stop D．change 30．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．In the future, more detailed work is needed. B．The wing model was as flat as the real penguin. C．The study failed to capture the movement of the bird. D．The model failed to get the details of penguin wings. 31．Where can you find this article? A．A science fiction. B．A science magazine. C．A story book. D．An encyclopedia. 8 （23-24八年级上·重庆沙坪坝·期中）Can you imagine (想象) building a house with your own sweat (汗), tears and even blood? This is what astronauts might do on Mars in the future. Scientists at the University of Manchester, UK have made a new type of brick (砖块). It is made from Human blood, urine (尿液), sweat, tears and simulated Mars soil (模拟火星土). The protein (蛋白质) from human bodies is like the “glue (胶水)”. It holds the soil together. Scientists say it’s 300 percent stronger than bricks we use today. Why do we need to do this? Well, if we want to build houses on Mars, we need lots of bricks. But it costs 13 million yuan to send just one brick to Mars. So scientists are thinking: Maybe we could use something in our bodies! Scientists say that six astronauts could make 500 kilograms of such bricks in just two years. Later they can build bigger houses for more astronauts to go and live there. Together, they can build even more houses! 32．What did scientists at the University of Manchester do? A．They built a house to keep astronauts’ sweat and tears. B．They used human sweat and tears to build a house. C．They found a new type of brick on Mars. D．They made a new type of brick. 33．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．How strong the bricks that we use today. B．What the new type of brick is made from. C．How much it costs to make a brick. D．What kind of brick is good for building houses. 34．Why did scientists make this new kind of brick? A．To find an easier way to make bricks. B．To make good use of human bodies. C．To build houses on Mars. D．To build houses for poor people. 35．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Some astronauts began to make the new bricks. B．Scientists are planning to live on Mars. C．It might take years to build a house on Mars. D．Astronauts need 500 kg of bricks to build a house. 参考答案 1 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 【解析】本文介绍了一些常见的判断天气的方法，如观察鸟儿、星星等。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The fact that many people feel their joints hurt is a sign of wet weather.”可知，关节疼痛是雨天来临的迹象。故选 A。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather report.”可知，天气预报是一种告知接下来一两天的天气情况的方式。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming...”及“If the stars twinkle clearly at night, then fine weather will continue.”可知，鸟儿高飞、夜空中星光闪烁都说明天气将保持晴好的状态。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come.”可知，早上出现彩虹，有可能会下雨。 故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But if we read correctly the signs around us, we can tell what the more important changes in the weather will be.”可知，第二段主要告诉读者何种迹象表明未来是何种天气，再根据最后一段“Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather reports.”可知，预报天气时要用眼用脑，仔细研究并正确解读天气迹象。故选D。 2 6．D 7．B 8．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了Pen Pal这个网站。在这个网站上，你可以和新朋友交换明信片，与来自世界各地的人分享你的兴趣和故事，了解不同的文化和语言。 6．细节理解题。根据“In this website, you can exchange (交换) postcards with new pen pals. Share your interests and stories with people from all over the world. Learn about different cultures and languages.”可知，在这个网站上，可以和新笔友交换明信片。与来自世界各地的人们分享你的兴趣和故事。了解不同的文化和语言。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据“In this website, you can exchange (交换) postcards with new pen pals. Share your interests and stories with people from all over the world. Learn about different cultures and languages.”以及“OUR USERS SAY”可知，文章通过举例子展示Pen Pal是有用的。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据“Welcome to www. penpal. me. To get more information, please click (点击) here. →WHAT YOU GET”以及通读全文可知，这篇文章可能来自互联网。故选B。 3 9．B 10．B 11．C 12．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍2023年诺贝尔奖的相关情况。 9．细节理解题。根据“The Nobel Prize for Physics”下面的“French-Swedish scientist Anne L’Huillier, French scientist Pierre Agostini and Hungarian (匈牙利的)-born Ferenc Krausz won the Nobel Prize for Physics.”、“The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine”下面的“Hungarian-American Katalin Kariko and American Drew Weissman won the prize for their work on mRNA.”以及“The Nobel Prize for Literature”下面的“Norwegian writer Jon Fosse won the prize for his innovative (创新的) plays and prose (散文).”可知，文章一共提及了六位诺贝尔奖得主。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据“The Nobel Prize for Physics”下面的“They have made attosecond pulses (阿秒脉冲) of light, a new tool for looking at electrons (电子) inside atoms (原子). ”可知，阿秒光脉冲是一种观察原子内部电子的新工具。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据“The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine”下面的“Hungarian-American Katalin Kariko and American Drew Weissman won the prize for their work on mRNA. Their work helped to save millions of lives. The technology may also be used to develop vaccines against illnesses like AIDS.”可知，Drew Weissman因其在mRNA方面的工作而获奖，Drew Weissman的工作帮助拯救了数百万人的生命，该技术也可用于开发针对艾滋病等疾病的疫苗，所以可推知，Drew Weissman是一位医学专家。故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Fosse touches on deep themes like aging, love, death and art in his works.”可知，工作不是Fosse作品的主题。故选D。 4 13．B 14．A 15．C 16．D 17．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沙漠动物的生存方式。 13．细节理解题。根据“There is almost no water in the desert (沙漠)”可知，沙漠是一个没有很多水的地方。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据“Small insects can drink the dew ”可知，有露珠的时候昆虫可以喝露珠。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据“This North American bird is called a roadrunner (走鹃). It runs fast and catches small snakes, lizards and scorpions.”可知，走鹃能捕捉小蛇、蜥蜴和蝎子，不吃昆虫。故选C。 16．细节理解题。根据“This is because cold air can’t hold as much water as hot air.”可知，热空气比冷空气能容纳更多的水。故选D。 17．最佳标题题。根据“How do these animals get water and stay alive?”可知，本文主要介绍了沙漠动物的生存方式，因此A选项 “动物如何在沙漠中生存？”符合最佳标题。故选A。 5 18．B 19．C 20．C 21．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要向我们介绍了关于蓝鲸的一些知识。 18．推理判断题。根据第二段“Blue whales are found in all the world’s oceans...they are still thought endangered.”可知，蓝鲸生活在深海中，一个世纪以前，蓝鲸被捕鲸人驱赶，现在蓝鲸数量稀少，因此，蓝鲸很难被发现，所以科学家很难研究它们。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据“‘We use those spots as the fingerprints of blue whales,’ Torres Florez says. To make the comparison job easier, scientists mainly watch the area around a whale’s dorsal fin, which is on its back. ‘Comparing those...in the same place’”可知，科学家把斑点看成蓝鲸的指纹，在鳍周围做标记，是为了更容易地分辨出一头蓝鲸，因此C选项“如何找到确切的蓝鲸”符合题意。故选C。 20．词句猜测题。根据“Whale migrate regularly from Chile to the Galapagos.”可知，蓝鲸从智利迁徙到加拉帕戈斯群岛，因此migrate表示“迁徙”。故选C。 21．细节理解题。根据“But the ocean there may be warmer and calmer and have fewer killer whales that would feed on baby blue whales”可知，热带海洋更温暖、更平静，以蓝鲸幼崽为食的虎鲸数量也更少，所以小蓝鲸很容易在热带水域存活。故选D。 6 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了华为的发展历程及其遇到的困境。 22．细节理解题。根据“In 1987 a small company named Huawei was started in Shenzhen... It has also become the world’s largest supplier (供应商) of 5G.”可知，华为是全球最大的5G供应商。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据“In 1987 a small company named Huawei was started in Shenzhen.”及“I started Huawei with only £4,000 at the beginning”可知，1987年，任正非仅凭4000英镑创办了华为。故选B。 24．词义猜测题。根据“The experience was not as romantic as you imagine.”可知，任正非的创业经历并不像人们想象的那么浪漫。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据“The law would have little effect on our company. Huawei has enough ability to deal with the problems”可知，华为有足够的能力解决它面临的问题。故选C。 26．段落大意题。根据“It may beat Samsung as the largest smart phone maker in the near future.”可知，本段主要告诉我们华为充满希望，未来一定会成功。故选D。 7 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．A 31．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了科学家们如何研究和发现巴布亚企鹅成为世界上游泳最快的鸟类的原因。 27．细节理解题。根据“They are the fastest swimming birds in the world.”可知，巴布亚企鹅是世界上游泳最快的鸟类。故选D。 28．段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了羽毛调整的工作原理，即通过改变翅膀的角度来减少水的阻力，从而帮助企鹅更快地前进。故选B。 29．词义猜测题。根据“Flapping many times per second helps the bird move forward. But it uses more energy. So, it’s not really the best way to gain speed.”可知，每秒拍打多次有助于鸟向前移动。但它消耗的能量更多。所以，这并不是获得速度的最佳方式。gain在此处意为“获得”，与develop意思相近。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据“it isn’t 100 percent true. ‘This model was still simpler than the real penguin,’ Tanaka says.”可知，不是百分之百正确的，这个模型仍然比真正的企鹅简单，因此未来需要更详细的研究工作。故选A。 31．推理判断题。本文介绍了科学家们对巴布亚企鹅游泳速度的研究，属于科学类文章，因此最有可能出现在科学杂志上。故选B。 8 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．C 【解析】本文主要介绍宇航员在火星上制造一种特殊的砖。 32．细节理解题。根据“Scientists at the University of Manchester, UK, have made a new type of brick. ”可知，科学家们制造出了一种新型的砖。故选D。 33．主旨大意题。根据“Scientists at the University of Manchester, UK, have made a new type of brick. It is made from human blood, urine, sweat, tears and simulated Mars soil. The protein from human bodies is like the ‘glue’. It holds the soil together. Scientists say it’s 300 percent stronger than bricks we use today.”可知我们可以从第二段中知道新砖是用什么做的。故选B。 34． 细节理解题。根据“Why do we need to do this? Well, if we want to build houses on Mars, we need lots of bricks. But it costs 13 million yuan to send just one brick to Mars. So scientists are thinking: maybe we could use something in our bodies!”可知，应是在火星建造房子。故选C。 35．推理判断题。根据“Scientists say that six astronauts could make 500 kilograms of such bricks in just two years. Later they can build bigger houses for more astronauts to go there and live. Together, they can build even more houses!”可知，告诉读者将来人们可能住在火星上。故选C。 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$