11 气候天气-2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期同步拓展主题阅读(通用版)

主题11 气候天气 主题简析 ‌初中英语阅读气候天气类主题主要围绕天气与自然环境展开‌。‌这类主题通常涉及对天气现象的描述、‌气候变化的影响、‌不同地区的气候特点以及人们如何应对各种天气条件等内容。‌文章体裁多为说明文和议论文，‌要求学生了解并掌握说明文和议论文的特点，‌以便对问题进行深入剖析和解读。‌在具体的学习中，‌学生可能会遇到关于四季变化、‌极端天气事件（‌如暴雨、‌台风、‌干旱等）‌、‌气候变化的原因与后果、‌以及不同地区的气候差异等方面的阅读材料。‌通过这些材料的学习，‌学生不仅能够提升英语阅读能力，‌还能增强对气候天气知识的了解和认识‌。‌ 词句积累 气候天气主题词汇举例‌ 1.‌基础词汇‌ 天气‌weather：‌描述某时某地的气象状况。‌ 气候‌climate：‌长期平均天气状况，‌描述地区性特征。‌ 2.‌天气现象‌ 晴朗‌sunny：‌阳光充足，‌无云或仅有少量云。‌ 阴雨‌rainy：‌降雨天气，‌天空多云或阴沉。‌ 雪天‌snowy：‌降雪天气，‌地面覆盖白雪。‌ 雾天‌foggy：‌雾气笼罩，‌能见度低。‌ 3.‌气候特征‌ 温暖‌warm：‌气温适中，‌感觉舒适。‌ 寒冷‌cold：‌气温低，‌感觉冷。‌ 湿润‌wet：‌空气中水汽多，‌常伴降雨。‌ 干燥‌dry：‌空气中水汽少，‌降雨稀少。‌ ‌描述气候变化句子举例‌ Climate change is a pressing global issue. ‌气候变化是一个紧迫的全球性问题。‌‌ Climate change impacts ecosystems and human societies. ‌气候变化对生态系统和人类社会产生影响。‌‌ Greenhouse gas emissions contribute to climate change. ‌温室气体排放是导致气候变化的因素之一。‌‌ Urgent action is needed to mitigate and adapt to climate change. ‌需要紧急采取行动来缓解和适应气候变化。‌ 综合演练 1 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）What’s the weather like in your city today? Weather forecasts (天气预报) tell you. Do you know where they come from? Zhang Shuai is a weatherman. He goes on TV and tells people what the weather will be like. Let’s follow him to have a look. Who makes weather forecasts There are many experts (专家) working for the China Meteorological Administration (中国气象局). They use their knowledge (知识) of the weather and equipment (仪器) to predict the weather. Weather satellites in space and weather stations help experts know the weather. How a TV studio (演播室) works Zhang has a meeting with the experts every day. He collects all the information about the weather. Then he goes into the TV studio to forecast the weather. The weatherman does not look at the map. But he can point to the right places on the map. How? There is not a map behind me in the studio. There are only two monitors (监视器). I watch them and then point to a blue cloth. When people watch TV, they can see a map on the place of the blue cloth. At the same time, I can’t forget to look at the cameras. “Practice makes perfect,” Zhang says. Being a weatherman If you want to be a weatherman, you should have knowledge of meteorology (气象学). You also have to know the map of China and the world map well. 1．Which of the following can be a weather satellite? A． B． C． D． 2．According to the passage, who predicts the weather? A．Weathermen. B．TV stations. C．Weather stations. D．Experts. 3．Before the weather forecasts, what does Zhang Shuai do? A．He studies the map. B．He collects information from weather stations. C．He meets experts and collects information. D．He meets experts in the studio. 4．While Zhang Shuai is forecasting the weather, he doesn’t . A．watch the cameras B．look at the map C．watch the monitors D．point to the blue cloth 5．Which is TRUE about being a weatherman? A．He must be good at photographing. B．He doesn’t need to practise a lot. C．He must know the map well. D．He must visit the TV stations. 2 （23-24八年级上·天津宁河·期中）The seasons in Australia are not like ours. When it is winter in China, it is summer there. Australia is a southern country. It is in the south of the world. June, July and August are the winter months; September, October and November are spring; the summer is in January, February and December; and March, April and May are the autumn months. The north of the country is hotter than the south. A very large part of this country has no rain at all. The east coast (海岸地区) has rain all year, and there are no dry months there. The southeast winds blow (吹) here all the year. They bring rain from the sea. There is not much rain on the west side. The southeastern part of Australia has summer rain from the southeast winds. They only blow here in summer. The southwestern part of Australia has winter rain. The west windy blow over the southwest in winter only. In summer, the southwest of the country has no rain. In the north of Australia, there is no rain in winter. The rain comes in summer. The northwest winds bring it. 6．In October, it is ________ in Australia. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 7．It is ________ in the south than in the north in Australia. A．warmer B．hotter C．cooler D．colder 8．The ________ part of Australia has the most rain. A．eastern B．southern C．western D．northern 9．The west winds only come over the ________ of the country in winter. A．east B．west C．northwest D．southwest 10．There is ________ rain in winter in the north of Australia. A．enough B．a heavy C．more D．no 3 （23-24八年级上·湖南郴州·开学考试）In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning, the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later, black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day. In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they may take warm clothes with them. When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella with them on a sunny morning, but don’t laugh at (嘲笑) them. If you don’t take it with you, you may regret (后悔) later in the day. 11．Why do people in England often talk about the weather? A．Because the weather in England changes a lot. B．Because they have nothing else to talk about. C．Because the weather is warm just like in spring. 12．From the passage, we can know that ________ in England. A．it often rains B．it often snows C．there is often a strong wind 13．The underlined word “it” refers to (指的是) ________. A．a bag B．an umbrella C．a hat 14．Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the text? A．Sometimes the weather is hot in winter in England just like in summer. B．There are four seasons in a month in England. C．English people seldom (很少) take some warm clothes when they go out. 15．The best title (标题) for this passage is ________. A．Strange English People B．Summer or Winter C．The Weather in England 4 （23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期中） Beat the heatExtreme (极度的) heat can make people suffer from heat-related illnesses, and even death. People suffer heat-related illnesses when their bodies are unable to properly cool themselves. But we can keep ourselves away from it. What:Extreme heat happens when the temperature gets extremely high. Who:The heat influences more men than women. How:When temperatures are extremely high, take the following steps to protect yourself: ▲Stay in an air-conditioned indoor location as much as you can. ▲Drink plenty of water even if you don’t feel thirsty. ▲Plan outdoor activities carefully. ▲Wear loose (宽松的), lightweight, light-coloured clothing. Pace yourself: ★Take cool showers or baths to cool down. ★Never leave children or pets in cars. ★Check the local news for health and safety. Attention:During extreme heat, the temperature in your car could be deadly! Outside temperature 27℃ 16．Which situation is the most dangerous on hot days? A．A child studying in a classroom. B．An old man walking along the road. C．A woman sleeping in an air-conditioned house. D．An outside worker enjoying the cool shade under a tree. 17．The underlined word “it” here refers to “________”. A．the heat B．the cool C．the death D．the body 18．How can we best keep ourselves away from extreme heat? A．By doing sports. B．By staying outside. C．By drinking water. D．By staying in a car. 19．What’s the temperature inside a car after an hour when it is outside at 27℃? A．27℃. B．43℃. C．48℃. D．51℃. 20．The key point of the passage is ________. A．to show us how hot it is in summer B．to tell us when the weather is the hottest C．to make people know the highest temperature D．to tell people how to protect themselves when it’s hot 5 （23-24八年级上·辽宁营口·期末）The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms (节气). It starts from the Beginning of Spring and ends with the Greater Cold, moving in cycles. It is still useful today to guide people’s lives through special foods, cultural ceremonies and even healthy living tips. Grain Buds (小满) is the 8th solar term of a year. It means that the seeds (种子) from the grain are becoming full. During the Grain Buds, summer harvest is about to begin. A saying about rain during this time mentions, “A heavy rainfall makes the river full.” Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full of water. This is a good time to enjoy fish. It is also the harvest season for fishermen. Frost’s Descent (霜降), the 18th solar term of the year, is the last solar term of autumn, during which time the weather becomes much colder than before and frost begins to appear. The apple is one kind of the recommended (推荐的) fruit during Frost’s Descent. There are many sayings about apples’ benefits (益处) in China, such as “Eat an apple after meals, even old men can be as strong as young men.” Minor Cold (小寒) is the 23rd one. For most areas of China, it marks the start of the coldest days of the year and people always start preparing for the New Year. According to traditional Chinese medicine thoughts, people need to eat food that has more yang energy to prevent cold from harming their bodies. Another important traditional food for Minor Cold is Laba porridge (腊八粥). 21．________ is the last solar term of a year. A．Minor Cold B．Greater Cold C．Frost’s Descent D．Grain Buds 22．Which solar term is Grain Buds? A．The last one. B．The eighth one. C．The eighteenth one. D．The twenty-third one. 23．The underlined sentence in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”. A．An apple a day keeps the doctor away. B．It’s more useful for old men to eat apples than young men. C．If old men eat apples after meals, they will become younger and younger. D．If old men eat apples after meals, they will become younger than young men. 24．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．it is necessary for people to take umbrellas with them during Grain Buds B．Grain Buds is the harvest season for fishermen but not farmers C．Frost’s Descent is the 8th solar term of a year D．people need to eat food that has less yang energy during Minor Cold 6 （23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Different weather makes people feel different. It influences (影响) health, intelligence and feelings. In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of America. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems in this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, sometimes it is very hot and in other time it is very cold. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March. The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, the IQs of a group of students were very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQs were 10% lower. The wind can help people have higher intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August). Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold in these months. They might feel unhappy in cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18℃, people become stronger. Low air pressure may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-air-pressure days. There is a “good weather” for intelligence and health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18℃. Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weather’s problem. 25．This passage tells us it’s ________ in the southern part of America in August. A．hot and dry B．hot and wet C．cool and rainy D．dry and windy 26．The underlined word “intelligence” in the passage means “________” in Chinese. A．智力 B．生活 C．财富 D．记忆 27．From the passage we can know that people may be ill more often when ________. A．the weather is always cold B．the weather is hot and wet C．the weather changes greatly D．the weather is warm 28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Students in America often do worse in exams on very hot days. B．Thin people might feel tired in cold weather. C．Fat people may feel hard at about 18°C． D．A person may have a worse memory on high-air-pressure days. 7 （23-24八年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）No one can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we read correctly the signs (迹象) around us, we can tell what the more important changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecasting. For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting. Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain. Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather, their joints (关节) hurt. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way. They fly low probably because of the insects (昆虫) that they are looking for. If you see a rainbow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine, such rainbows come in the evening. If the stars twinkle (闪烁) clearly at night, then fine weather will continue. If a fog appears in the morning just above a river, then the day will be warm. If the sunset is mostly red in color, then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come. Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting. 29．The underlined word “forecasting” in the passage means “________” in Chinese. A．预报 B．变化 C．现象 30．According to this passage, if people’s joints hurt, it is ________. A．because they are ill B．a sign of coming rain C．without any reason 31．The birds fly high and the stars twinkle clearly show that the weather will be ________. A．cold B．rainy C．sunny 32．If a rainbow appears in the morning, the weather may be ________. A．clear B．rainy C．cloudy 33．The best title of the passage should be ________. A．Why People’s Joints Hurt B．Rainbows and weather Forecasting C．Using the Signs around Us to Make Weather Forecasting 8 （22-23八年级上·湖南常德·期末） Weather Idiomson cloud nine meaning: a person who is on cloud nine is very excited because something wonderful happens. —I was on cloud nine when receiving a concert ticket of my favourite singer. heavens open meaning: When the heavens open, it suddenly starts to rain hard. —When we left school, the heavens opened and we got wet all over. in the dark meaning: If people are in the dark about something, they don`t know about it. —I kept my parents in the dark about the party. chasing rainbows meaning: A person chasing rainbows is trying to get something impossible for him. —He wants to become an actor but I think he is chasing rainbows. reach for the moon meaning: If you reach for the moon, you get something successfully even if it is difficult. —I am a hard-working person and sometimes I try to reach for the moon. 34．What does the idiom “heavens open” mean? A．It never rains. B．It rains heavily. C．The rain lasts for a long time. 35．Jason spent 15 years learning English and became the language doctor at last. People believed that he _________. A．was in the dark B．was chasing rainbows C．reached for the moon 36．We may find the passage in a _________. A．Children’s magazine B．travel guide C．story book ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 主题11 气候天气 主题简析 ‌初中英语阅读气候天气类主题主要围绕天气与自然环境展开‌。‌这类主题通常涉及对天气现象的描述、‌气候变化的影响、‌不同地区的气候特点以及人们如何应对各种天气条件等内容。‌文章体裁多为说明文和议论文，‌要求学生了解并掌握说明文和议论文的特点，‌以便对问题进行深入剖析和解读。‌在具体的学习中，‌学生可能会遇到关于四季变化、‌极端天气事件（‌如暴雨、‌台风、‌干旱等）‌、‌气候变化的原因与后果、‌以及不同地区的气候差异等方面的阅读材料。‌通过这些材料的学习，‌学生不仅能够提升英语阅读能力，‌还能增强对气候天气知识的了解和认识‌。‌ 词句积累 气候天气主题词汇举例‌ 1.‌基础词汇‌ 天气‌weather：‌描述某时某地的气象状况。‌ 气候‌climate：‌长期平均天气状况，‌描述地区性特征。‌ 2.‌天气现象‌ 晴朗‌sunny：‌阳光充足，‌无云或仅有少量云。‌ 阴雨‌rainy：‌降雨天气，‌天空多云或阴沉。‌ 雪天‌snowy：‌降雪天气，‌地面覆盖白雪。‌ 雾天‌foggy：‌雾气笼罩，‌能见度低。‌ 3.‌气候特征‌ 温暖‌warm：‌气温适中，‌感觉舒适。‌ 寒冷‌cold：‌气温低，‌感觉冷。‌ 湿润‌wet：‌空气中水汽多，‌常伴降雨。‌ 干燥‌dry：‌空气中水汽少，‌降雨稀少。‌ ‌描述气候变化句子举例‌ Climate change is a pressing global issue. ‌气候变化是一个紧迫的全球性问题。‌‌ Climate change impacts ecosystems and human societies. ‌气候变化对生态系统和人类社会产生影响。‌‌ Greenhouse gas emissions contribute to climate change. ‌温室气体排放是导致气候变化的因素之一。‌‌ Urgent action is needed to mitigate and adapt to climate change. ‌需要紧急采取行动来缓解和适应气候变化。‌ 综合演练 1 （24-25八年级上·全国·课后作业）What’s the weather like in your city today? Weather forecasts (天气预报) tell you. Do you know where they come from? Zhang Shuai is a weatherman. He goes on TV and tells people what the weather will be like. Let’s follow him to have a look. Who makes weather forecasts There are many experts (专家) working for the China Meteorological Administration (中国气象局). They use their knowledge (知识) of the weather and equipment (仪器) to predict the weather. Weather satellites in space and weather stations help experts know the weather. How a TV studio (演播室) works Zhang has a meeting with the experts every day. He collects all the information about the weather. Then he goes into the TV studio to forecast the weather. The weatherman does not look at the map. But he can point to the right places on the map. How? There is not a map behind me in the studio. There are only two monitors (监视器). I watch them and then point to a blue cloth. When people watch TV, they can see a map on the place of the blue cloth. At the same time, I can’t forget to look at the cameras. “Practice makes perfect,” Zhang says. Being a weatherman If you want to be a weatherman, you should have knowledge of meteorology (气象学). You also have to know the map of China and the world map well. 1．Which of the following can be a weather satellite? A． B． C． D． 2．According to the passage, who predicts the weather? A．Weathermen. B．TV stations. C．Weather stations. D．Experts. 3．Before the weather forecasts, what does Zhang Shuai do? A．He studies the map. B．He collects information from weather stations. C．He meets experts and collects information. D．He meets experts in the studio. 4．While Zhang Shuai is forecasting the weather, he doesn’t . A．watch the cameras B．look at the map C．watch the monitors D．point to the blue cloth 5．Which is TRUE about being a weatherman? A．He must be good at photographing. B．He doesn’t need to practise a lot. C．He must know the map well. D．He must visit the TV stations. 2 （23-24八年级上·天津宁河·期中）The seasons in Australia are not like ours. When it is winter in China, it is summer there. Australia is a southern country. It is in the south of the world. June, July and August are the winter months; September, October and November are spring; the summer is in January, February and December; and March, April and May are the autumn months. The north of the country is hotter than the south. A very large part of this country has no rain at all. The east coast (海岸地区) has rain all year, and there are no dry months there. The southeast winds blow (吹) here all the year. They bring rain from the sea. There is not much rain on the west side. The southeastern part of Australia has summer rain from the southeast winds. They only blow here in summer. The southwestern part of Australia has winter rain. The west windy blow over the southwest in winter only. In summer, the southwest of the country has no rain. In the north of Australia, there is no rain in winter. The rain comes in summer. The northwest winds bring it. 6．In October, it is ________ in Australia. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 7．It is ________ in the south than in the north in Australia. A．warmer B．hotter C．cooler D．colder 8．The ________ part of Australia has the most rain. A．eastern B．southern C．western D．northern 9．The west winds only come over the ________ of the country in winter. A．east B．west C．northwest D．southwest 10．There is ________ rain in winter in the north of Australia. A．enough B．a heavy C．more D．no 3 （23-24八年级上·湖南郴州·开学考试）In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning, the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later, black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day. In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they may take warm clothes with them. When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella with them on a sunny morning, but don’t laugh at (嘲笑) them. If you don’t take it with you, you may regret (后悔) later in the day. 11．Why do people in England often talk about the weather? A．Because the weather in England changes a lot. B．Because they have nothing else to talk about. C．Because the weather is warm just like in spring. 12．From the passage, we can know that ________ in England. A．it often rains B．it often snows C．there is often a strong wind 13．The underlined word “it” refers to (指的是) ________. A．a bag B．an umbrella C．a hat 14．Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the text? A．Sometimes the weather is hot in winter in England just like in summer. B．There are four seasons in a month in England. C．English people seldom (很少) take some warm clothes when they go out. 15．The best title (标题) for this passage is ________. A．Strange English People B．Summer or Winter C．The Weather in England 4 （23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期中） Beat the heatExtreme (极度的) heat can make people suffer from heat-related illnesses, and even death. People suffer heat-related illnesses when their bodies are unable to properly cool themselves. But we can keep ourselves away from it. What:Extreme heat happens when the temperature gets extremely high. Who:The heat influences more men than women. How:When temperatures are extremely high, take the following steps to protect yourself: ▲Stay in an air-conditioned indoor location as much as you can. ▲Drink plenty of water even if you don’t feel thirsty. ▲Plan outdoor activities carefully. ▲Wear loose (宽松的), lightweight, light-coloured clothing. Pace yourself: ★Take cool showers or baths to cool down. ★Never leave children or pets in cars. ★Check the local news for health and safety. Attention:During extreme heat, the temperature in your car could be deadly! Outside temperature 27℃ 16．Which situation is the most dangerous on hot days? A．A child studying in a classroom. B．An old man walking along the road. C．A woman sleeping in an air-conditioned house. D．An outside worker enjoying the cool shade under a tree. 17．The underlined word “it” here refers to “________”. A．the heat B．the cool C．the death D．the body 18．How can we best keep ourselves away from extreme heat? A．By doing sports. B．By staying outside. C．By drinking water. D．By staying in a car. 19．What’s the temperature inside a car after an hour when it is outside at 27℃? A．27℃. B．43℃. C．48℃. D．51℃. 20．The key point of the passage is ________. A．to show us how hot it is in summer B．to tell us when the weather is the hottest C．to make people know the highest temperature D．to tell people how to protect themselves when it’s hot 5 （23-24八年级上·辽宁营口·期末）The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms (节气). It starts from the Beginning of Spring and ends with the Greater Cold, moving in cycles. It is still useful today to guide people’s lives through special foods, cultural ceremonies and even healthy living tips. Grain Buds (小满) is the 8th solar term of a year. It means that the seeds (种子) from the grain are becoming full. During the Grain Buds, summer harvest is about to begin. A saying about rain during this time mentions, “A heavy rainfall makes the river full.” Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full of water. This is a good time to enjoy fish. It is also the harvest season for fishermen. Frost’s Descent (霜降), the 18th solar term of the year, is the last solar term of autumn, during which time the weather becomes much colder than before and frost begins to appear. The apple is one kind of the recommended (推荐的) fruit during Frost’s Descent. There are many sayings about apples’ benefits (益处) in China, such as “Eat an apple after meals, even old men can be as strong as young men.” Minor Cold (小寒) is the 23rd one. For most areas of China, it marks the start of the coldest days of the year and people always start preparing for the New Year. According to traditional Chinese medicine thoughts, people need to eat food that has more yang energy to prevent cold from harming their bodies. Another important traditional food for Minor Cold is Laba porridge (腊八粥). 21．________ is the last solar term of a year. A．Minor Cold B．Greater Cold C．Frost’s Descent D．Grain Buds 22．Which solar term is Grain Buds? A．The last one. B．The eighth one. C．The eighteenth one. D．The twenty-third one. 23．The underlined sentence in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”. A．An apple a day keeps the doctor away. B．It’s more useful for old men to eat apples than young men. C．If old men eat apples after meals, they will become younger and younger. D．If old men eat apples after meals, they will become younger than young men. 24．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．it is necessary for people to take umbrellas with them during Grain Buds B．Grain Buds is the harvest season for fishermen but not farmers C．Frost’s Descent is the 8th solar term of a year D．people need to eat food that has less yang energy during Minor Cold 6 （23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Different weather makes people feel different. It influences (影响) health, intelligence and feelings. In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of America. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems in this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, sometimes it is very hot and in other time it is very cold. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March. The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, the IQs of a group of students were very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQs were 10% lower. The wind can help people have higher intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August). Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold in these months. They might feel unhappy in cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18℃, people become stronger. Low air pressure may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-air-pressure days. There is a “good weather” for intelligence and health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18℃. Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weather’s problem. 25．This passage tells us it’s ________ in the southern part of America in August. A．hot and dry B．hot and wet C．cool and rainy D．dry and windy 26．The underlined word “intelligence” in the passage means “________” in Chinese. A．智力 B．生活 C．财富 D．记忆 27．From the passage we can know that people may be ill more often when ________. A．the weather is always cold B．the weather is hot and wet C．the weather changes greatly D．the weather is warm 28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Students in America often do worse in exams on very hot days. B．Thin people might feel tired in cold weather. C．Fat people may feel hard at about 18°C． D．A person may have a worse memory on high-air-pressure days. 7 （23-24八年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）No one can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we read correctly the signs (迹象) around us, we can tell what the more important changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecasting. For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting. Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain. Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather, their joints (关节) hurt. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way. They fly low probably because of the insects (昆虫) that they are looking for. If you see a rainbow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine, such rainbows come in the evening. If the stars twinkle (闪烁) clearly at night, then fine weather will continue. If a fog appears in the morning just above a river, then the day will be warm. If the sunset is mostly red in color, then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come. Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting. 29．The underlined word “forecasting” in the passage means “________” in Chinese. A．预报 B．变化 C．现象 30．According to this passage, if people’s joints hurt, it is ________. A．because they are ill B．a sign of coming rain C．without any reason 31．The birds fly high and the stars twinkle clearly show that the weather will be ________. A．cold B．rainy C．sunny 32．If a rainbow appears in the morning, the weather may be ________. A．clear B．rainy C．cloudy 33．The best title of the passage should be ________. A．Why People’s Joints Hurt B．Rainbows and weather Forecasting C．Using the Signs around Us to Make Weather Forecasting 8 （22-23八年级上·湖南常德·期末） Weather Idiomson cloud nine meaning: a person who is on cloud nine is very excited because something wonderful happens. —I was on cloud nine when receiving a concert ticket of my favourite singer. heavens open meaning: When the heavens open, it suddenly starts to rain hard. —When we left school, the heavens opened and we got wet all over. in the dark meaning: If people are in the dark about something, they don`t know about it. —I kept my parents in the dark about the party. chasing rainbows meaning: A person chasing rainbows is trying to get something impossible for him. —He wants to become an actor but I think he is chasing rainbows. reach for the moon meaning: If you reach for the moon, you get something successfully even if it is difficult. —I am a hard-working person and sometimes I try to reach for the moon. 34．What does the idiom “heavens open” mean? A．It never rains. B．It rains heavily. C．The rain lasts for a long time. 35．Jason spent 15 years learning English and became the language doctor at last. People believed that he _________. A．was in the dark B．was chasing rainbows C．reached for the moon 36．We may find the passage in a _________. A．Children’s magazine B．travel guide C．story book 参考答案 1 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了天气预报的来源和制作过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Weather satellites in space...”可知，气象卫星是在太空中运行，四幅图片中只有 A项符合要求。故选 A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“There are many experts working for... to predict the weather.”可知，是气象专家在预测天气状况。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Zhang has a meeting with the experts every day. He collects all the information about the weather. Then he goes into the TV studio to forecast the weather.”可知，在播报天气之前，他先要和专家见面并收集信息。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中“There is not a map behind me in the studio.”可知，在张帅播报天气时，他不会去看地图，因为他身后没有地图可看。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“You also have to know the map of China and the world map well.”可知，要想成为一名气象播报员就得对地图很了解。故选C。 2 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚的季节与中国不同，以及澳大利亚不同地区的气候和降雨情况。 6．细节理解题。根据“September, October and November are spring”可知，在澳大利亚，十月是春天，故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据“The north of the country is hotter than the south.”可知，澳大利亚南部比北部凉爽，故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据“The east coast (海岸地区) has rain all year, and there are no dry months there.”可知，澳大利亚东部地区雨水最多，故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据“The west windy blow over the southwest in winter only.”可知，冬季西风只吹过澳大利亚的西南部，故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据“In the north of Australia, there is no rain in winter.”可知，澳大利亚北部冬季没有雨，故选D。 3 11．A 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国多变的天气特点。 11．细节理解题，根据第一段“In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience four seasons in one day.”可知，英国人经常谈论天气的原因是他们在一天之内能经历四个季节。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella with them on a sunny morning,”可知，英国人通常在阳光明媚的早晨带着雨伞；据此可以推断，在英国，经常下雨。故选A。 13．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella with them on a sunny morning, but don’t laugh at them. If you don’t take it with you, you may regret later in the day.”可知，在英国，人们出门时经常带雨伞，即使是在阳光明媚的早晨，如果不带雨伞，会后悔的；据此可知，划线单词“it”指代上文中的“an umbrella”。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer.”可知，在英国，人们可以在冬天过夏天，也就是说冬天有时候天气会像夏天一样炎热。故选A。 15．最佳标题题。综合全文，尤其是根据第一段“In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience four seasons in one day.”可知，本文主要介绍了英国多变的天气特点。故选C。 4 16．B 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了高温天气的危害以及人们应该如何正确应对高温天气。 16．细节理解题。根据“The heat influences more men than women.”以及图片可知一位在路上散步的老人是最危险的。故选B。 17．词义猜测题。根据“People suffer heat-related illnesses when their bodies are unable to properly cool themselves. But we can keep ourselves away from it.”可知当人们的身体不能适当地冷却自己时，他们就会患上与高温有关的疾病，但我们可以远离它，故此处it指代“高温”。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据“▲Drink plenty of water even if you don’t feel thirsty.”可知喝大量的水可以最好地远离酷热。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据“Inside 51℃ 60 minutes”可知当车外温度为27℃时，一小时后车内温度是51℃。故选D。 20．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了高温天气的危害以及人们应该如何正确应对高温天气。故选D。 5 21．B 22．B 23．A 24．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国二十四节气中的其中三个节气：小满、霜降以及小寒，介绍了不同的节气人代表着人们不同的活动，以及饮食与节气的关系。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“It starts from the Beginning of Spring and ends with the Greater Cold, moving in cycles.”可知，大寒是一年中最后一个节气，故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Grain Buds (小满) is the 8th solar term of a year.”可知，小满是一年中的第八个节气。故选B。 23．词句猜测题。根据第三段“There are many saying about apples’ benefits (益处) in China, such as ‘Eat an apple after meals, even old men can be as strong as young men.’”可知，关于苹果的好处，中国有很多说法，比如“饭后吃一个苹果，即使是老人也能像年轻人一样强壮”，所以划线部分与“一天一苹果，医生远离我”最接近，故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据第二段“A saying about rain during this time mentions, ‘A heavy rainfall makes the river full.’ Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full of water.”可知，关于小满时期的降雨，有一句话提到：“大雨使河水泛滥。”由于降雨量大增，河流里充满了水。由此推知小满的时候雨水较多，人们有必要随身带着雨伞，故选A。 6 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．A 【解析】本文讲述了不同的天气使人感觉不同，它影响着人们健康、智力以及感受。 25．细节理解题。根据“In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of America.”可知，在八月，美国南部又热又潮湿。故选B。 26．词义猜测题。根据“The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, the IQs of a group of students were very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQs were 10% lower.”可知，天气会影响智力，在1983年科学家的一份报告显示“一群学生的智商在强风来时非常高，但强风过后，他们的智商下降了10%”。划线单词intelligence意为“智力”。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据“In the Northeast and the Middle West, sometimes it is very hot and in other time it is very cold. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.”可知，天气变化很大的时候，人更容易生病。故选C。 28．细节理解题。根据“Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August).”可知，在天气炎热的那几个月里，美国许多学校的学生的考试成绩往往更不好。故选A。 7 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．B 33．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些天气现象与天气之间的关系，并介绍了一些常见的判断天气的方法。 29．词义猜测题。根据“This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two”可知，这种方法可以告诉我接下来一两天的天气会是什么样子，即预测天气。由此可知forecasting的意思是“预报”，故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据“Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather, their joints (关节) hurt.”可知人们感到关节痛是因为下雨的天气要来临，故选B。 31．细节理解题。根据“Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way.”和“If the stars twinkle clearly at night, then fine weather will continue.”可知，鸟儿高飞，星星闪烁，那么天气就会晴朗。故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据“If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come.”可知，如果彩虹出现在早晨，可能会下雨。故选B。 33．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了一些天气现象与天气之间的关系，并介绍了一些常见的判断天气的方法。“利用我们周围的标志进行天气预报”是最佳标题。故选C。 8 34．B 35．C 36．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了一些关于天气的俚语，并进行了举例说明。 34．细节理解题。根据“meaning: When the heavens open, it suddenly starts to rain hard.”可知，“heavens open”意思是“下大雨”。故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据“meaning: If you reach for the moon, you get something successfully even if it is difficult.”可知，如果伸手去够月球，即使有困难也会成功。Jason花15年的时间学习英语，最终成为了语言医生，他的成功正好诠释了“reach for the moon”的含义。故选C。 36．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一些关于天气的俚语，所以可能会在杂志上看到。故选A。 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$