课时作业8 Green Living-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(北师大版2019)

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#4 课时作业 8　 GREEN LIVING Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2024·河南焦作高三期末) A bunch of small but hungry bugs might hold the key to saving the planet thanks to their amazing ability to eat polystyrene ( 聚 苯 乙 烯 )—the material behind plastic foam ( 泡沫) . These so- called “ superworms ” could one day help rid landfills of this waste and thus put a dent in one of the drivers of global warming. Chris Rinke and other researchers from the University of Queensland in Australia are studying the larvae of the darkling beetle ( 甲 虫 )—or zophobas morio, its scientific name. They found the insects could survive on polystyrene alone, and in 66. 7% of cases, finally transform into beetles on that relatively poor diet. The secret lies in the stomach of these “superworms”, specifically their microbiomes (微 生物群) . The scientists studied how the larvae break down piles of plastic waste humans produce. The insects produce enzymes (酶) as they destroy the white stuff. “ We could have large worm farms with millions of worms and feed them polystyrene. But what scales are better, and what is also cheaper, are to focus on the enzymes,”Rinke said. The ultimate goal, he says, would be to reproduce these enzymes in a lab. “ Polystyrene waste, which is a rather low-value product, goes through this biological breakdown using the enzymes, a crucial factor, and then you can feed it to microbes to then produce something like bioplastic, which is actually a higher-value product. So then you would break the cycle of waste,”he explained. “ I was on a vacation with my wife on a tropical island somewhere thousands of miles away from any continent and there􀆳s plastic. So plastic is really everywhere. It􀆳s obvious there􀆳s no escape. Thus I decided to do some research on reducing the pollution,”Rinke recalled. 1. Which has the closest meaning to the underlined phrase“put a dent in”? A. Give birth to. B. Dig a hole in. C. Go through. D. Cut down. 2. What can we know from paragraph 2? A. Larvae only feed on polystyrene. B. Larvae are an early stage of the beetles. C. Larvae are a kind of microbiomes. D. Larvae break down human waste. 3. Which is critical in the whole process in breaking the cycle of waste? A. Plastic. B. Enzymes. C. Bioplastic. D. Polystyrene. 4. What inspired Rinke to do the research? A. His wife􀆳s opinion. B. Huge financial profit. C. A vacation on an island. D. The government􀆳s request. # (2023·吉林四平实验中学模拟) Electric cars are already greener than fossil (化石) fuel cars in almost every part of the world 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -452- 必修第三册　 3 today, according to researchers. They say electric cars are “ a no-regret choice ” . Some previous studies have suggested fossil fuel cars produce fewer carbon emissions (排放) over their lifetime than battery-powered cars. Yet these analyses have often compared only two models of car. Instead, Florian Knobloch at Radboud University in the Netherlands looked at the average across many classes of car to get a clearer global picture. The researchers looked at the carbon emissions generated on average over a car􀆳s lifetime, including during its production, while it is being driven and when it is destroyed, for all the conventional and electric cars sold in 59 regions across the world in 2015. These represent 95 percent of the world􀆳s current road traffic. They found that electric cars already have fewer carbon emissions in 53 of those 59 regions. Only in areas containing countries that use coal heavily, such as India and Poland, are electric car emissions worse than those of conventional fossil fuel cars. Combined with data on the sources that provided electricity to 6 those regions in 2015, they found that the average electric car is greener than the average new petrol car. Many countries􀆳 electricity supplies have seen huge growth in the past five years, so Knobloch says electric cars are likely to be even better now. The researchers think that the gap between fossil fuel and electric cars will only grow bigger as power grids (电厂) get greener. By 2030, they expect the average carbon intensity of electric cars to be 20 percent lower than that in 2015, and 30 percent lower by 2050. 5. Why are the previous studies different from today􀆳s analyses? A. The subjects for analysis are limited. B. The studies aren􀆳t conducted correctly. C. Battery powered cars have been updated. D. The time for the studies isn􀆳t long enough. 6. What􀆳s the finding of Florian Knobloch􀆳s study? A. Electric cars are greener in most areas. B. India and Poland use more fossil fuel cars. C. Electric cars may be replaced by fossil fuel cars. D. Electric cars have fewer carbon emissions in India. 7. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Fossil fuel cars will get greener in 2030. B. Fossil fuel cars will be abandoned in a few years. C. Electric supplies were improved in many countries. D. The gap between petrol and electric cars is narrowed. 8. What􀆳s the best title for the text? A. Electric Cars Make Great Progress B. Carbon Emissions Will Be Reduced C. Electric Cars May Replace Fossil Fuel Cars D. Electric Cars Are Greener than Fossil Fuel Cars Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2023·河北石家庄模拟) This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy,the world􀆳s most remote post office. The 　 1　 is in Antarctica, and one of the key 　 2　 is the ability to count penguins (企鹅) . Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust 　 3　 four postmen to live on the island from 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -453- hh
#4 November to March. Apart from being a nearly 80- year-old British-owned post office, it 　 4　 as a museum. Although employees each have unique 　 5　 , they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the 　 6　 place and caring for the thousands of tourists. The staff is also 　 7　 environmental data collection and wildlife monitoring. Applicants are warned there􀆳s not much time for relaxation and rest. Still, the job is highly 　 8　 . The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of applications 　 9　 for the position. They are mainly 　 10　 to Port Lockroy, both for its history and its scientific significance. Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the 2019- 2020 season. It was a real 　 11　 for her. “ Even though the job can be hard at times, there􀆳s a real sense of community. You􀆳ve got to 　 12　 , because you can􀆳t get away from each other very easily. I really love that sort of 　 13　 ,” she said. “And what you can achieve here is 　 14　 . The total experience offers both a different 　 15　 to the world and a new viewpoint on your function on the planet. ” 1. A. centre B. position C. aim D. unit 2. A. requirements B. characteristics C. virtues D. activities 3. A. persuades B. instructs C. encourages D. hires 4. A. exists B. operates C. doubles D. develops 5. A. tastes B. talents C. roles D. backgrounds 6. A. temporary B. historic C. grand D. magical 7. A. in favor of B. in need of C. in possession of D. in charge of 8. A. paid B. sought-after C. hard-won D. respectable 9. A. annually B. weekly C. monthly D. daily 10. A. invited B. devoted C. related D. drawn 11. A. joy B. lesson C. effort D. shock 12. A. get along B. show off C. break through D. give in 13. A. loneliness B. eagerness C. looseness D. togetherness 14. A. consistent B. rewarding C. potential D. pure 15. A. entrance B. answer C. attitude D. introduction Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 (2023·甘肃定西临洮中学模拟) It􀆳s well-known that being in green spaces is good for physical and mental health. 　 1　 A population-based study published in Scientific Reports looked at the effect of urban waterways on mental health and found that proximity (接近) to water increased positive feelings of well-being. “ If you􀆳re in a body of water, your internal state just becomes calm,” Dr Natalie Azar, NBC News medical contributor, told TODAY. “ 　 2　 However, we􀆳ve never really been intentional about it. ” Being near water gives people a consciousness 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -454- 必修第三册　 3 of something greater than themselves. The sounds and movement of water can get people to focus their attention and this invites calm. “You don􀆳t have to go to the coast to experience this well-being,” said Azar. “ Any waterway will do, including lakes, rivers, canals or ponds. 　 3　 ” A new study conducted by King􀆳s College London has also proved that spending time near urban canals and rivers is linked to feeling happy and healthy, stressed a press release from the college. Moreover, it has found that urban waterways are superior to feelings of well-being than just being near the ocean. “　 4　 This means their capacity to improve mental well-being is likely to be due to the multiple benefits associated with both green and blue spaces,” said Andrea Mechelli, professor of early intervention in mental health at King􀆳s College London. The study has also found that there are continuous improvements to mental well-being for up to 24 hours after visiting urban waterways. 　 5　 In England and Wales, people have access to 3,218 kilometers of rivers and canals that are readily accessible. In fact, 9 million people live within 1 km of a canal—something that is easily walkable. A. These results remain to be tested. B. Even a flowing fountain will work. C. This is good news for urban people. D. It􀆳s something that I think we􀆳ve all experienced. E. Our findings show that blue spaces are naturally calming. F. Canals and rivers contain not only water but also trees and other plants. G. Now scientists have discovered blue spaces are also connected to better mental health. 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2024·四川资阳中学高三摸底) More and more children are suffering from eco-anxiety, which is 　 1　 problem that causes people to worry a lot about the future of Earth and the life on it. Actually, they worry about climate change, 　 2　 ( pollute ) and the loss of biodiversity. This has urged education experts 　 3　 ( call) for more teaching in schools about climate change, wildlife and the environment. Nowadays knowledge of them is so necessary 　 4　 experts believe it should be taught to all year groups. A study finds only one in four schoolchildren 　 5　 ( feel) they know enough about the climate crisis. It says this is leading to more children 　 6　 ( struggle) with eco-anxiety and worrying about the planet. A conservation organization, Earth Rangers, 　 7　 ( take) action to address the problem of eco-anxiety since it noticed that. It says, “Eco-anxiety does have a big effect 　 8　 children in many ways. This includes feelings of fear and hopelessness. It is 　 9　 ( importance) to research and understand the ways in which we can help children deal with these feelings 　 10　 ( effective ) . In the meanwhile, schools should create conservation activities to protect nature. ” 1. 　 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -455- 参 考 答 案　 8. D　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. concern 忧 心,忧虑;B. anxiety 焦虑;忧虑;C. de- sire 愿 望; D. fear 恐 惧。 根 据 下 文 “With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them 　 9　 the fear. ”可知, Anneke 理解恐惧是如何阻碍人们实现 那么多梦想去做的事的。 故选 D。 9. B 　 考查动词 短 语 辨 析。 A. worry about 担心;B. get over 克服;C. focus on 关注于;D. hold up 支撑得住。 根据 下文“What makes her more 　 11　 of them is that they have gone from their first animation to 　 12　 their own works. ”可知,通过五天的挑战课程, 她帮助他们克服恐惧。 故选 B。 10. C 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. children 孩子们;B. colleagues 同事们;C. students 学生们;D. friends 朋友们。 根据上文 “With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them 　 9　 the fear. ”可知, Anneke 喜欢她对学生们的影响。 故 选 C。 11. A　 考查形容词词义辨析。 A. proud 骄傲;B. careful 小心的;C. ashamed 惭 愧;D. afraid 害怕的。 根据下文“ they have gone from their first animation to 　 12　 their own works” 可知,更让 Anneke 感到骄傲的是,学生们已经从 第一部动画作品发展到创作自己的 作品。 故选 A。 12. D 　 考查动词词义辨析。 A. exami- ning 检查;B. describing 描述;C. buy- ing 买;D. creating 创作。 根据语境可 知,学生们从第一部动画作品发展到 创作自己的作品了。 故选 D。 13. D　 考查副词词义辨析。 A. absolutely 绝对地;B. eventually 最终地;C. fortu- nately 幸运地;D. especially 尤其。 根 据语境可知,Anneke 鼓励各个年龄段 的人,尤其是老年人,培养对生活的好 奇心 。 故选 D。 14. A 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. curiosity 好奇心;B. humor 幽默;C. generosity 慷慨;D. responsibility 责任。 根据上 文“Most of Anneke􀆳s students start out thinking they􀆳re not creative and can􀆳t 　 7　 . ”可知,多数学生一开始认为 自己没有创造力,而 Anneke 鼓励他 们培养对生活的好奇心。 故选 A。 15. B 　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. tasks 任 务;B. lives 生 活; C. dreams 梦 想; D. thanks 感谢。 根据语境可知,An- neke 希望其他人在以后的人生中能 在这条路上赶上她。 故选 B。 Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了生活中有一些简单的技巧,可 以拍摄出欺骗眼睛的图像。 1. D　 上文“But do you know you can cre- ate images that look impossible without any fancy software or computer effects?” 说明可以有拍摄技巧,下文分别介绍 了几个拍摄技巧,空格处承上启下,因 此 D 项“这里有一些简单的技巧,可以 创造出欺骗你眼睛的图像” 符合语境, 故选 D。 2. G　 下文“The person in front will look large, and the person farther away will look very small. ”说明的是距离远近和 人物大小的关系,与空格处是因果关 系,G 项“为了做到这一点,你设置一 个与靠近相机的人和远处的人一起拍 摄的相机镜头”有提到远近的人,符合 语境,故选 G。 3. A　 根据上文“you can cut it”可知,下 文是裁剪后的结果,因此 A 项“所以拿 着斗篷的手是看不见的”符合语境,故 选 A。 4. C　 下文“ If you take the photo in the moment when they are off the ground, you can cut it so they look like they􀆳re floating. ”说明在朋友离地的一瞬间拍 照,就可以把照片拍成在空中的样子, 因此 C 项“你也可以拍一张你的朋友 跳到空中的照片”符合语境,故选 C。 5. E　 下文“The only rule is not to do any- thing risky and to have fun. ”说明拍照 的技巧有很多,但也要遵循一定的原 则,因此 E 项“你可以通过探索其他使 用这些技巧的方法来创建自己的技巧 照片”符合语境,故选 E。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲 述了中国皮影戏传承人刘朝侃在皮影戏 中加入了 4D 效果的故事。 1. impressing　 考查现在分词。 句意:中 国西南部云南省腾冲市的一家皮影戏 剧院在开业第一天上演了一场 4D 中 国皮影戏,给观众留下了全新的沉浸 式观影体验。 分析句子可知,句子的 谓语动词为 staged,故本空为非谓语; 主语 A 4D Chinese shadow puppet show 和 impress 之间是逻辑上的主动关系, 用现在分词作状语。 2. an　 考查冠词。 句意:“这是一个新颖 的表演。 我不知道皮影戏还能以如此 惊人的方式来欣赏。 中国文化和现代 科技的结合真的让人大开眼界。”一位 观众在看完表演后说。 way 是可数名 词, in a(n) ...way“以……的方式”,是 固定用法, amazing 的发音以元音音素 开头,前面不定冠词用 an。 3. combination 　 考查名词。 句意同上。 combine 是动词;空前有 The,空后为介 词 of,故本空为名词;又根据 is 可知用 单数。 4. watching 　 考查动名词。 句意同上。 after 是介词,故后面的动词用动名词 形式;watch 的动名词为 watching。 5. Unlike　 考查介词。 句意:与传统的中 国皮影戏不同的是,在传统的中国皮 影戏表演中,皮影师控制皮影戏偶从 后面在布幕上创造出移动图像的错 觉,这场创新的 4D 表演将中国传统的 皮影戏表演与现代技术相结合,包括 全息投影技术和现代场景模拟技术。 根据句意可知,“这场创新的 4D 表演” 和“传统的中国皮影戏”不同, unlike “不同,不像”,是介词,与空后内容构 成介词短语,作状语。 句首单词首字 母大写。 6. which　 考查非限制性定语从句。 句意 同上。 分析句子可知,逗号后为非限制 性定语从句,先行词是 traditional Chi- nese shadow puppet shows,表示物,故 用关系代词 which 指代先行词,作 dur- ing 的宾语。 7. to surround 　 考查不定式。 句意:“我 想让观众被皮影戏包围,让他们感觉 自己是表演的一部分。”30 岁的中国皮 影戏传承人、4D 中国皮影戏背后的策 划人刘朝侃告诉记者。 want to do sth. 想要干某事,故本空为动词不定式。 8. and 　 考查连词。 句意:受到 4D 电影 的启发,他萌生了制作 4D 皮影戏的想 法,并为此筹备了近 4 年。 分析句子可 知,“萌生了制作 4D 皮影戏的想法”和 “为此筹备了近 4 年”是并列的动作, 故用并列连词 and。 9. generations　 考查名词复数。 句意:刘 出生在一个几代皮影戏艺术家的家 庭,作为家族皮影戏表演技能的第六 代传承人,从小就受到家族发扬皮影 戏技能决心的影响。 generation 是可数 名词,在这里指几代人,用复数。 10. has been influenced 　 考查时态和语 态。 句意同上。 分析句子可知本空为 主句的谓语, since 引导时间状语从 句,从句为一般过去时,主句用现在 完成时,且主句的主语 Liu 和 influ- ence 之间是被动关系,故用现在完成 时的被动语态:have / has been done;主 语 Liu 表示第三人称单数,故用 has。 课时作业 8　 GREEN LIVING Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。 研究 发现,一种可以吞食塑料的“超级蠕虫” 有望帮助人类减少塑料垃圾所带来的危 害,从而对全球的气候变暖带来正面的 影响。 1. D　 词义猜测题。 根据第一段“These so-called ‘ superworms’ could one day help rid landfills of this waste and thus put a dent in one of the drivers of global warming. ”可知, put a dent in 意为“减 少”,故与之最为接近的为 D 选项。 A. Give birth to. 出生;B. Dig a hole in. 在上 面 挖 洞; C. Go through. 经 历; D. Cut down. 降低,削减。 2. B 　 推理判断题。 根据第二段“They found the insects could survive on poly- 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -571- hh
#4 styrene alone, and in 66. 7% of cases, finally transform into beetles on that rel- atively poor diet. ”可知, larvae 是甲虫 的初级阶段,也就是幼体。 3. B 　 细节理解题。 根据第五段 “ goes through this biological breakdown using the enzymes, a crucial factor, and then you can feed it to microbes to then pro- duce something like bioplastic”可知,en- zymes(酶)是一个关键的因素。 4. C 　 推理判断题。 根据文章的最后一 段可知,激发 Rinke 开展研究的事情是 一次假期在岛上见到的塑料垃圾。 因 此“C. A vacation on an island. ”符合 题意。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要讲述了电动汽车比化石燃料汽车更 环保。 5. A　 推理判断题。 根据第一段“Some previous studies have suggested fossil fuel cars produce fewer carbon emissions (排放) over their lifetime than battery- powered cars. Yet these analyses have often compared only two models of car. ”可知,以前的研究与今天的分析 不同是因为分析对象有限。 6. A　 推理判断题。 根据第二段“They found that electric cars already have fe- wer carbon emissions in 53 of those 59 regions. Only in areas containing coun- tries that use coal heavily, such as India and Poland, are electric car emissions worse than those of conventional fossil fuel cars. ”可知,Florian Knobloch 研究 发现电动汽车在大多数地区都更环保。 7. C　 推理判断题。 根据最后一段“Many countries􀆳 electricity supplies have seen huge growth in the past five years, so Knobloch says electric cars are likely to be even better now. ”可知,从最后一段 我们知道许多国家的电力供应有所 提高。 8. D　 主旨大意题。 阅读全文以及根据 第一段“Electric cars are already greener than fossil(化石) fuel cars in almost ev- ery part of the world today, according to researchers. ”可知,本文主要讲述了电 动汽车比化石燃料汽车更环保。 所以 “D. Electric Cars Are Greener than Fos- sil Fuel Cars(电动汽车比化石燃料汽 车更环保)”为最佳标题。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 位于南 极洲的洛克雷港邮局的招聘吸引了很多 人,在那里员工不仅要收集环境数据和 监测野生动物,还要负责数企鹅。 1. B 　 A. centre 中心;B. position 职位; C. aim 目的;D. unit 单位。 根据上文中 的“hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job”可知,此 处表示该职位在南极洲。 故选 B。 2. A 　 A. requirements 要求,必要条件; B. characteristics 特征;C. virtues 优秀 品质; D. activities 活 动。 根 据 空 前 “The 　 1　 is in Antarctica”和空后的 “ is the ability to count penguins (企 鹅)”可知,此处表示其中一个关键的 要求是能够数企鹅。 故选 A。 3. D 　 A. persuades 说服;B. instructs 吩 咐;C. encourages 鼓励;D. hires 聘用。 根据上文中的 “ applying for a desired job”和下文中的“ employees”可知,此 处表示聘用四名邮递员。 故选 D。 4. C　 上文提到洛克雷港是一个邮局,空 后又提到“ as a museum”,故此处表示 该邮局兼作博物馆。 固定搭配 double as 兼作。 故选 C。 5. C 　 A. tastes 爱好,志趣;B. talents 才 能;C. roles 职能,角色;D. backgrounds 背景。 根据下文中的“ they are cooper- atively responsible for... tourists” 可知, 此处表示员工各司其职。 故选 C。 6. B　 A. temporary 临时的;B. historic 有 重要历史意义的,历史上重要的;C. grand 壮丽的;D. magical 奇妙的。 根据上文 中 的 “ a nearly 80-year-old British- owned”和空前的“preserving”可知,此 处表示有历史意义的地方。 故选 B。 7. D　 A. in favor of 赞同,支持;B. in need of 需要;C. in possession of 拥有;D. in charge of 负责。 根据空前的 also 可知, 本空应与前面的 responsible for 在含义 上接近。 故选 D。 8. B　 A. paid 有偿的,付费的;B. sought- after 吃香的,广受欢迎的;C. hard-won 来之不易的,辛苦得来的;D. respecta- ble 体面的,得体的。 上文提到这份工 作没多少放松和休息的时间,再结 合 Still 可知,此处表示但是,它仍然很 抢手。 故选 B。 9. A 　 根 据 上 文 中 的 “ Each year, the UK...from November to March. ”可知, 此处表示英国南极遗产信托基金每年 都会收到大量申请该职位的信。 故 选 A。 10. D　 A. invited 邀请;B. devoted 致力; C. related 相关联;D. drawn 吸引。 根 据下文“both for its history and its sci- entific significance”可知,他们大多是 被洛克雷港的历史和科研价值吸引 的。 故选 D。 11. A 　 A. joy 令人高兴的人 (或事); B. lesson 课;C. effort 力气;D. shock 吃惊。 上文提到该职位很抢手,而 Lucy Dorman 申请成功了,再结合下 文中的“ I really love”可知,此处表示 对她来说,获得这个职位让她很开 心。 故选 A。 12. A　 A. get along 相处融洽;B. show off 炫耀;C. break through 突破;D. give in 屈服。 根据上文中的 “ there􀆳s a real sense of community”和下文中的“you can􀆳t get away from each other very easily”可知,此处表示你得与人和睦 相处。 故选 A。 13. D　 A. loneliness 孤独;B. eagerness 渴 望;C. looseness 自由;D. togetherness (尤指家庭或朋友的)和睦相处,亲密 无间,团结友爱。 根据上文中的 “ a real sense of community”和“you can􀆳t get away from each other very easily” 可知,此处表示 Lucy Dorman 喜欢那 种亲密无间。 故选 D。 14. B　 A. consistent 持续的;B. rewarding 有益的,有意义的;C. potential 潜在 的;D. pure 纯粹的。 根据空前的“you can achieve here”和下文中的“The to- tal experience offers...your function on the planet. ”可知,此处表示你在这里 获得的东西很有益。 故选 B。 15. C　 A. entrance 入口;B. answer 答案; C. attitude 态度,看法;D. introduction 介绍。 此句句意为:这整个经历会让 你产生对世界的不同看法( attitude) 以及你在这个星球上的职责的新观 点。 故选 C。 Ⅲ. 阅读七选五 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章介 绍了城市水道对人的心理健康的积极 作用。 1. G　 空格前的句子“ It􀆳s well-known that being in green spaces is good for physi- cal and mental health. ”是说绿色空间 对身心健康都有好处,而空格后的句 子“A population-based study published in Scientific Reports looked at the effect of urban waterways on mental health and found that proximity(接近) to water in- creased positive feelings of well-being. ” 却是在说城市水道对心理健康的影 响,所以空格处的句子应该是一个过 渡句,从“绿色空间对身心健康都有好 处”过渡到谈“城市水道对心理健康的 影响”。 而 G 项 “Now scientists have discovered blue spaces are also connect- ed to better mental health. ”正好有过渡 作用。 2. D 　 根据空格后的句子 “However, we􀆳ve never really been intentional about it. ” 可知, D 项 “ It􀆳s something that I think we􀆳ve all experienced. ” 正 好和下一句形成转折关系,“经历过, 但不是有意而为之”。 3. B　 根据空格前的句子“Any waterway will do, including lakes, rivers, canals or ponds. ”可知,湖泊、河流、运河或池 塘对人的心理健康都有好处,而 B 项 “Even a flowing fountain will work. ”是 说“即使是流动的喷泉也可以”。 故 选 B。 4. F　 空格后的句子“This means their ca- pacity to improve mental well-being is likely to be due to the multiple benefits associated with both green and blue spaces”提到“绿色和蓝色空间带来的 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -572- 参 考 答 案　 多重好处”,所以空格处的句子肯定涉 及“绿色和蓝色空间”,F 项“Canals and rivers contain not only water but also trees and other plants. ”符合语境。 5. C　 空格前的句子“The study has also found that there are continuous improve- ments to mental well-being for up to 24 hours after visiting urban waterways. ” 是说游览城市水道后,人们的心理健 康状况会持续改善长达 24 小时,而空 格后的句子 “ In England and Wales, people have access to 3,218 kilometers of rivers and canals that are readily ac- cessible. In fact, 9 million people live within 1 km of a canal—something that is easily walkable. ”是说,在城市里有 很多人们可以利用的水道。 对城市居 民来说,这当然是好事。 所以把 C 项 “This is good news for urban people. ” 符合语境。 Ⅳ. 语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 越来越 多的孩子被生态焦虑所困扰,他们对气 候变化、污染及生物多样性的丧失等问 题感到担心。 1. a　 考查冠词。 句意:越来越多的孩子 正遭受着生态焦虑,这一问题导致人 们对地球及地表生物的未来极度担 忧。 此处泛指一个问题,且 problem 的 发音以辅音音素开头。 2. pollution　 考查不可数名词。 句意:其 实,他们担忧的是气候变化、污染以及 生物多样性的丧失。 空处与 “ climate change”和“ the loss of biodiversity”并 列作 about 的宾语,需要用名词,填 pol- lute 的名词形 式 pollution, 表 示 “污 染”,为不可数名词。 3. to call　 考查动词不定式。 句意:这敦 促教育专家呼吁在学校进行更多关于 气候变化、野生生物和环境的教学。 urge sb. to do sth. 是固定用法,即空处 需要填不定式。 4. that　 考查固定句式。 句意:现在有关 它们(气候变化、野生生物和环境)的 知识如此必要以至于专家认为这些知 识应该教给所有年龄段的学生。 分析 句子结构可知,此处考查的是 so... that...,表示“如此……以至于……”。 故此处填 that。 5. feels　 考查时态和主谓一致。 句意:一 项研究发现,只有四分之一的在校学 生感觉他们对气候危机有着足够的了 解。 根据句中的谓语动词 finds 和上下 文内容可知,此处陈述客观情况,应用 一般现在时;“one in + 基数词 + 名词” 结构作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称 单数形式。 6. struggling　 考查动名词。 句意:研究称 这导致更多的孩子与生态焦虑抗争并 且担心地球。 分析句子结构可知,此 处考查动名词的复合结构,lead to sb. doing sth. 意为“致使某人做某事”。 7. has taken 　 考查时态及主谓一致。 句 意:一个名为 Earth Rangers 的保护组 织,自注意到生态焦虑问题以来,已经 采取措施设法解决它。 根据句意和下 文中 since 从句的时态可知,此处应用 现在完成时,主语为 A conservation or- ganization,谓语动词用第三人称单数 形式。 故填 has taken。 8. on　 考查固定搭配。 句意:生态焦虑 在很多方面对孩子们确实有着极大影 响。 have an effect on 意为“对……有 影响”,是固定搭配。 9. important　 考查形容词。 句意:研究和 理解这些方式,从而我们可以帮助孩 子们有效地处理这些感受,这是很重 要的。 空处在句中作表语,构成“ It is+ adj. + to do sth. ”结构,应使用 impor- tant,表示“重要的”。 10. effectively 　 考查副词。 句意同上。 修饰动词应用副词,故此处填 effec- tively。 课时作业 9　 LEARNING Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 作者一 年前发现自己对软件很感兴趣,觉得编 程很吸引人,但是一年后作者回到钢琴 上后,发现乐感不如以前好了。 作者从 网上的编程教程得到灵感,开发了一款 应用程序,可以帮助使用者训练乐感,这 次经历让作者意识到编程和钢琴二者是 有共同点的。 1. B　 细节理解题。 根据第一段“ In my second year of high school, I took my first computer science course, which helped me realize I was interested in software. The idea of creating something from just lines of codes and logic was very fascinating. ”以及第二段“A year later, when I got back on the piano, I quickly noticed my musical ear was not as strong as it was before. ”可知,一年 前作者发展了另一个爱好。 2. D　 推理判断题。 根据第二段“Then I had a firm decision to get my skills to where it used to be. ” 以 及 第 三 段 “While watching hundreds of... have to type in the corresponding notes to what they heard. ”可知,作者下定决心提高 技能和用学到的知识开发了一个应用 程序,说明作者是个有决心和创造力 的人。 D. Determined and creative 决心 坚定且富有创造力的。 3. B　 推理判断题。 根据第三段“While watching hundreds of tutorials (辅导) online on how to code in Swift, I came up with an idea. What if I used the knowledge I gained from these tutorials to develop an app that would help train my musical ear?”可知,作者从网上的 教程中获得了灵感。 4. B 　 推理判断题。 根据最后一段 “ In both of these cases, it takes patience to go through each measure or line to hear or find the error. I realized when I􀆳m playing the piano I am also practicing my programming skills and vice versa. ” 可知,作者能从这次经历中发现编程 和弹钢琴有一些共同之处。 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要讲述了“我的学校农场”项目将中学未 充分利用的土地转化为商业上可实现的 可再生商品果蔬园,由当地社区耕种并 为当地社区服务。 5. D　 细节理解题。 根据第一段中“So it is with Farm My School, a program that􀆳s turning underused land at seconda- ry schools into commercially achievable, regenerative market gardens farmed by and for local communities. ” 可知,“我 的学校农场”是为了把未充分利用的 校园土地变成商品果蔬园而建立的。 故选 D 项。 6. A 　 细 节 理 解 题。 根 据 第 二 段 中 “ Students learn about community net- works, healthy eating... supply the school􀆳s food needs and ultimately pay the farmer􀆳s salary. ”可知,学校通过开 发基于项目的课程让学生参与到项目 中来。 故选 A 项。 7. C 　 词义猜测题。 画线词前文 “We charged for the experience and 600 guys turned up! They didn􀆳t even need free drinks to get excited. We were garden- ing till midnight. It was amazing. ”说明 大家很支持这个项目,从而推知画线 词 buy-in 应为 “支持,认可” 的意思。 故选 C 项。 8. B　 细节理解题。 根据最后一段中 Ben 的话“For us, the big excitement is that by allowing a professional farmer to take the responsibility of growing food, it􀆳s not only on the school to look after that farm anymore, which eventually makes it much more sustainable...”可知,该项 目的亮点是学校农场将能够持续很长 时间。 故选 B 项。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。 作者上 小学的时候,怀特老师没有及时地纠正 作者班上同学的拼写错误,是因为不想 扼杀他们学习使用单词的热情,也不想 用红字给他们施加压力,从而让他们更 自信地去学习。 1. B　 考查名词词义辨析。 A. signals 信 号;B. corrections 修正; C. remarks 评 论;D. symbols 符号。 根据上文“There were many mistakes in my writings. ”以 及下文“ Instead, always a star. ”可知, “我”的文章中有许多错误,但是老师 给“我”的总是星星,可推知,此处为没 有红色的修正。 故选 B。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -573-