课时作业15 Space Exploration-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(人教版2019)

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3+ 课时作业 15　 SPACE EXPLORATION Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2024·广西柳州高三期末) At least since the first manned missions to the moon in the 1960s and early 1970s, the general belief had been that the moon was totally dry. Then, about two years ago, several lunar missions showed that􀆳s not absolutely true. Some lunar soil contains very small amounts of water molecules (分子) . But where did the water on the moon come from? Answering that question can help us understand the moon􀆳s history and evolution, and allow future engineers to potentially use this resource when building a sustainable moon base. Chinese scientists have discovered that minerals in lunar soil might have got water from solar wind, which bombards ( 轰击) the moon􀆳s surface with hydrogen ions (氢离子), according to a study published in the journal Nature Communication. The study found that lunar minerals may contain water content up to 179 ppm. One ppm of water would produce around 1 gram of water per ton of soil. The latest study confirms the estimates from the previous research, and those lunar minerals could contain even more water. Moreover, the new study identified solar wind as a key mechanism (途径) for the existence of the water on the moon􀆳s surface. Solar wind resulted in at least 170 ppm of water content in lunar samples gathered by the Chang􀆳e-5 mission. Scientists around the world now propose three sources for the water on the moon: that it was created in the moon􀆳s interior when it was full of volcanic activity, that it comes from solar wind, and that it was brought by comets and meteoroids crashing into the lunar surface. Lunar samples collected during the Chang􀆳e-5 mission may hold the keys to answering these questions, since they are much younger than the ones collected by US and Soviet moon missions. Because of this, the water content in the Chinese samples has had less time to be influenced by other factors, making these samples ideal for studying the moon􀆳s water. 1. What did people generally believe before the early 1970s? A. The earth was going around the moon. B. Some lunar soil contained water. C. Engineers knew the moon􀆳s history. D. There was no water on the moon. 2. What have Chinese scientists confirmed in their studies? A. Solar wind could result in the water on the moon. B. Other planets brought water to the moon. C. The water on the moon was created in volcanoes. D. The water on the moon is being used on the moon base. 3. Why is the water content in the Chinese samples ideal for studying the moon􀆳s water? A. It has been less influenced by other factors. B. It contains more water than those collected by US. C. It is the youngest sample influenced by the solar wind. D. It was taken from the moon􀆳s interior and less polluted. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -530- 必修第三册　 3 4. What􀆳s the main idea of the passage? A. China􀆳s lunar samples contained most water from the moon. B. Studies on how water got on the moon are still proceeding. C. The water on the moon reflects the moon􀆳s history and evolution. D. Scientists are debating over the resource of the water on the moon. # (2023·云南北辰高级中学 高考适应性考试) If Mars were the popular kid in school,Venus (金星)would be the unwelcome one sitting in the corner,largely ignored. Venus has nearly the same mass and size as Earth,but being closer to the sun, it gets nearly twice as much heat from the sun. However, instead of having a climate that is just a warmer version of Earth􀆳s, Venus􀆳s surface and atmosphere are unbearable:clouds of sulphuric acid blanket the planet,while at ground level, it is hot enough to melt lead. Despite this, there is now a sign that Venus may harbour life. Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her colleagues recently detected phosphine (磷化 氢) in Venus􀆳s atmosphere, with one potential explanation that it is the by-product of biology. That is because the only way this gas is made on Earth is in laboratories or by microbes(微生物) . Though this doesn􀆳t mean it was produced by life on Venus, attempts to find non-biological explanations for its presence have so far failed. Our best way of confirming or rejecting the possibility of life on Venus is to go and have a proper look. While Mars has been the focus of interplanetary exploration efforts lately, the phosphine discovery lets people look at Venus in a new light. As NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine tweeted:“ It􀆳s time to prioritize Venus. ” In the months and years to come, computer simulations will be used to further study the possible chemistry of the atmosphere on Venus. More laboratory experiments will be conducted to try to identify other ways the phosphine there could be produced. However, there is no guarantee that these efforts will reveal the true nature of this substance on Venus. A newly-proposed strategy is to directly sample the atmosphere and surface of Venus. By doing so, we would be able to take direct measurements of phosphine. The discovery of phosphine in Venus􀆳s atmosphere is a great accomplishment. The scientific efforts may be just what we need to finally refocus on this neglected world. Possibly, the quiet kid in the corner may get the last laugh. 5. Which description about Venus is NOT true? A. It is almost as large as Earth. B. It has nearly the same mass as Earth. C. It has a warmer Earth-like climate. D. It has the unbearable surface and atmosphere. 6. What can the discovery of phosphine on Venus indicate? A. There might exist signs of life. B. This kind of gas is very common. C. Many products can be made with it. D. Experiments were once conducted there. 7. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The importance of observations. B. The power of computer simulations. C. The approaches to exploring phosphine. D. The necessity to analyse phosphine. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -531- hh
3+ 8. Which can best describe the author􀆳s attitude to the exploration of Venus? A. Casual. B. Supportive. C. Cautious. D. Doubtful. Ⅱ. 完形填空 (2023·山西临汾二模) What guides my successful teaching career comes from my Dad􀆳s tire shop. He 　 1　 the tire business when I was in high school. I began working for him. Although I had little 　 2　 with things connected with motor vehicles, I 　 3　 to learn and work hard. My main motivation was to have customers 　 4　 him because of my work ethic (职业道德) . When I was in the shop, I was 　 5　 , not sitting around chatting with the other guys. The work was exhausting but 　 6　 . I had to remove the tires and 　 7　 a new one to the vehicles outside even in the hot summers. Two of my dad􀆳s 　 8　 were sanitation (公共卫生) companies. I well remember times when garbage trucks, full of the morning􀆳s collection, 　 9　 my dad􀆳s lot with a flat tire on the way to the rubbish dump. It was my job to 　 10　 underneath the ill-smelling truck to set the jack, often while a(n) 　 11　 liquid fell on me. After a day at the tire shop, I was often 　 12　 , covered in dirt. 　 13　 , employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment. Now, whenever I return and visit the tire shop, I 　 14　 the cars and trucks I serviced, and the thousands of wheels I fixed. More importantly, I also remember the great feeling of 　 15　 that accompanies honest labor, no matter where it is accomplished. 1. A. predicted B. purchased C. assessed D. abandoned 2. A. trouble B. experiment C. experience D. luck 3. A. pretended B. promised C. regretted D. resolved 4. A. get hold of B. tend to C. think well of D. get along with 5. A. engaged B. stressed C. quiet D. anxious 6. A. rewarding B. simple C. demanding D. enjoyable 7. A. deliver B. fit C. repair D. locate 8. A. friends B. partners C. regulars D. companions 9. A. pulled out of B. squeezed into C. stopped by D. pulled into 10. A. crawl B. kneel C. slide D. stretch 11. A. fragrant B. unpleasant C. thick D. colorless 12. A. worn out B. confused C. left out D. upset 13. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise 14. A. describe B. recognize C. spot D. recall 15. A. curiosity B. ambition C. relief D. satisfaction 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -532- 参 考 答 案　 4. D　 根据下文“Therefore, it is not a place for the faint-hearted or the gentle. ”可知,空处是 解释夜市不适合胆小或温柔的人的原因,D 项“喧闹的人群是夜市的标志”符合语境,故 选 D。 5. B 　 根据上文 “The night market is truly an exciting experience and a feast for the eyes on a tropical night out. The atmosphere is almost festive. ”可知,此处是总结夜市的一些特点, B 项“有那么多东西要看、要买、要吃”符合 语境,故选 B。 Ⅲ. 语法填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章通 过介绍唐人街的基本情况,人口构成以及人们 在唐人街的日常生活,最后得出结论:虽然参 观唐人街与去中国根本不是一回事,但它提供 了一个体验中国社区生活的机会,以及一个享 受中国传统和文化的机会。 1. holds　 考查动词时态和主谓一致。 句意:唐 人街是大城市中的一个地区,拥有大量的中 国人口。 空格处在定语从句中作谓语,根据 主句谓语动词 is 可知,应用一般现在时,先 行词 district 在从句中作主语,谓语动词应用 第三人称单数形式。 故填 holds。 2. destinations　 考查名词复数。 句意:这些地区 往往有主要针对中国人的商店、标志和服务, 这使得其中一些地区成为那些希望体验另一 种文化的人的热门旅游目的地。 根据空格前 的定语 tourist 可知,空格处应填名词作宾语 补足语,结合宾语 some of them 可知,空格处 应填名词的复数形式。 故填 destinations。 3. of　 考查介词。 句意:许多唐人街过去主要 由新移民组成,尽管许多唐人街的居民的家 庭已经在那里生活了几代人。 consist of 为 固定搭配,意为“由……组成”。 故填 of。 4. that　 考查表语从句。 句意:这些地区之所 以对新移民有吸引力,是因为他们可以与他 们认识的、会说母语的人建立联系。 根据空 格前的 is 可知,空格处引导表语从句,只起 到连接句子的作用,在从句中不作成分,应 用从属连词 that 引导从句。 故填 that。 5. a 　 考查冠词。 句意:随着他们获得经济独 立并对周围城市有了更多了解,他们可能会 选择与认识的朋友和邻居待在一起寻求安 慰。 a knowledge of 为 固 定 搭 配, 意 为 “对……的了解”,空格处应填冠词 a。 故 填 a。 6. to stay 　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:随着他们 获得经济独立并对周围城市有了更多了解, 他们可能会选择与认识的朋友和邻居待在 一起寻求安慰。 choose 是谓语动词,其后常 用动词不定式作宾语。 故填 to stay。 7. and　 考查连词。 句意:一些中国人更喜欢 住在唐人街,因为这有助于他们保持自己的 语言和文化,也因为他们可以方便地获得食 物、宗教服务和其他他们习惯的物品。 空格 处连接“ because it helps them keep up their language and culture” 和 “ because they can conveniently access foods, religious services, and other items that they are accustomed to”两 个并列句,应用连词 and 连接。 故填 and。 8. social　 考查形容词。 句意:此外,许多唐人 街都有协会,为会员安排定期活动并提供社 会服务。 根据空格后的名词 services 可知, 空格处应填形容词作定语。 故填 social。 9. culturally　 考查副词。 句意:许多唐人街提 供不同文化的体验。 空格处修饰形容词 different,作 状 语, 应 用 副 词 形 式。 故 填 culturally。 10. going 　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:虽然参观 唐人街与去中国根本不是一回事,但它提 供了一个体验中国社区生活的机会,以及 一个享受中国传统和文化的机会。 空格处 应用动 名 词, 作 介 词 as 的 宾 语。 故 填 going。 课时作业 15　 SPACE EXPLORATION Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述 了大约两年前的几次登月探索证明月球并非 一片干涸,有些月球土壤含有微量的水分子。 但是月球上的水是从哪里来的呢? 通过不断 的探索研究,回答这个问题有助于我们了解月 球的历史和演化。 1. D　 细节理解题。 根据第一段“At least since the first manned missions to the moon in the 1960s and early 1970s, the general belief had been that the moon was totally dry. ”可知,20 世纪 70 年代初以前人们普遍认为月球是干 涸的星球。 故选 D 项。 2. A 　 细节 理 解 题。 根 据 第 二 段 “ Chinese scientists have discovered that minerals in lunar soil might have got water from solar wind, which bombards (轰击) the moon􀆳s surface with hydrogen ions ( 氢 离 子 ), according to a study published in the journal Nature Communication. ” 可知,中国科学家 通过研究发现,月球上的水可能是太阳风导 致的,故选 A 项。 3. A　 细节理解题。 根据最后一段“Because of this, the water content in the Chinese samples has had less time to be influenced by other factors, making these samples ideal for studying the moon􀆳s water. ”可知,中国收集 到的月球土壤样本对研究月球上存在的水 至关重要,是因为它们的含水量受其他因素 影响的时间较少。 故选 A 项。 4. B　 主旨大意题。 根据第一段 “Answering that question can help us understand the moon􀆳s history and evolution, and allow future engineers to potentially use this resource when building a sustainable moon base. ”和最后一 段“Because of this, the water content in the Chinese samples has had less time to be influenced by other factors, making these samples ideal for studying the moon􀆳s water. ” 可知,对月球土壤中水分的研究方兴未艾, 继续深入的研究将对人类进一步了解月球 意义重大,故选 B 项。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了科学家对金星的一些研究发现。 5. C　 细节理解题。 根据第二段可知,金星的 气候并不像地球那样温暖,金星的表面和大 气层令人难以忍受:硫酸云覆盖了整个行 星,而在地面上,温度高到足以融化铅。 由 此可知,C 选项“金星有像地球一样温暖的 气候”错误。 故选 C 项。 6. A　 推理判断题。 根据第二段“Despite this, there is now a sign that Venus may harbour life. ”;第三段第一、二句话“ Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her colleagues recently detected phosphine ( 磷 化 氢 ) in Venus􀆳s atmosphere, with one potential explanation that it is the by-product of biology. That is because the only way this gas is made on Earth is in laboratories or by microbes(微生物) . ”可推知,在金星上发现 了磷化氢,说明那里可能存在生命的迹象。 故选 A 项。 7. C　 段落大意题。 根据第五段第一句话“ In the months and years to come, computer simulations will be used to further study the possible chemistry of the atmosphere on Venus. ”以及最后一句话“By doing so, we would be able to take direct measurements of phosphine. ”可知,该段主要是关于探索金星 上的磷化氢的方法。 故选 C 项。 8. B　 推理判断题。 根据最后一段第一、二句 话“ The discovery of phosphine in Venus􀆳s atmosphere is a great accomplishment. The scientific efforts may be just what we need to finally refocus on this neglected world. ”可知, 作者认为在金星大气层中发现磷化氢是一 项伟大的成就,因此作者对探索金星的态度 是支持的。 故选 B 项。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。 作者通 过回忆自己曾经在父亲的轮胎店工作的经历, 体会到正是那段经历给了自己人生的意义、毅 力和成就感。 1. B 　 根据上文 “What guides my successful teaching career comes from my Dad􀆳s tire shop. ”可知,轮胎店是作者父亲的,因此在 作者上高中的时候,他的父亲买下了轮胎 店。 故选 B。 predicted 预测; purchased 购 买;assessed 评估;abandoned 放弃。 2. C 　 根据下文 “ I 　 3　 to learn and work hard” 可知,作者在汽车方面的经验不足。 故 选 C。 trouble 麻 烦; experiment 实 验; experience 经历,经验;luck 运气。 3. D 　 根据下文 “My main motivation was to have customers 　 4　 him because of my work ethic (职业道德) . ”可知,作者的动力 是希望顾客对自己父亲的店满意,所以他决 心努力学习和工作。 故选 D。 pretended 假 装;promised 承 诺; regretted 后 悔; resolved 决定。 4. C　 根据常理推测,作者的父亲买下了一个 轮胎店,作者为自己的父亲工作,并决定努 力学习,他的动力就是希望顾客能对自己父 亲的店有好评。 故选 C。 get hold of 抓住; tend to 倾向于; think well of 对……高度评 价;get along with 与……友好相处。 5. A　 根据下文“not sitting around chatting with the other guys”以及“After a day at the tire shop, I was often 　 12　 , covered in dirt. ” 可知,作者从不和别人聊天,所以他是在忙 着工作。 故选 A。 engaged 忙于;stressed 有 压力的;quiet 安静的;anxious 担忧的。 6. A　 根据下文“ employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment”可知,这份工作教给了作者 生活的意义、坚持的价值和满足感,所以尽 管工作很累,但是在作者看来这一切都是值 得的。 故选 A。 rewarding 值得做的;simple 简单的; demanding 要求高的; enjoyable 有 趣的。 7. B 　 根据上文“ I had to remove the tires”可 知,作者需要把轮胎卸下来,那么自然要安 装个新的。 故选 B。 deliver 递送; fit 安装; repair 修理;locate 位于。 8. C 　 根据下文“ I well remember times when garbage trucks, full of the morning􀆳s collection, 　 9　 my dad􀆳s lot with a flat tire on the way to the rubbish dump. ”可知,公共 卫生公司是作者父亲店里的常客。 故选 C。 friends 朋 友; partners 搭 档; regulars 常 客; companions 伴侣。 9. D　 根据空后的宾语“my dad􀆳s lot”和作者 需要帮忙换轮胎可知,垃圾车是驶入作者父 亲的轮胎店。 故选 D。 pulled out of 退出; squeezed into 挤进; stopped by 偶然拜访; pulled into 驶入。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -647- hh
3+ 10. A 　 根据下文 “ underneath the ill-smelling truck to set the jack”可知,作者需要到卡车 下面去安装千斤顶,所以是爬到卡车下面。 故选 A。 crawl 爬行;kneel 跪; slide 滑动; stretch 延伸。 11. B　 根据上文“ I well remember times when garbage trucks, full of the morning􀆳s collection” 以及 “ the ill-smelling truck” 可 知,卡车里面装满了垃圾,所以滴落的液体 也是难闻的。 故选 B。 fragrant 芳香的; unpleasant 令人不愉快的,讨厌的; thick 浓 稠的;colorless 无色的,苍白的。 12. A　 根据上文内容可知,作者在轮胎店里上 班很累,所以干完一天活后,通常是精疲力 竭。 故 选 A。 worn out 疲 惫 不 堪 的; confused 困惑的;left out 被忽略;upset 心烦 的,不适的。 13. B　 根据上文“After a day at the tire shop, I was often 　 12　 , covered in dirt. ”可知,作 者上完一天班后通常是精疲力竭,而下文 “ employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment”则说明工作虽然很累,作者却感 到很有收获。 两句间存在转折关系。 故选 B。 Besides 此外;However 然而;Therefore 因此;Otherwise 否则。 14. D　 根据上文“whenever I return and visit the tire shop”可知,下文是作者在重新回到 轮胎店的时候的感想,所以作者是回想起 自己曾经的工作。 故选 D。 describe 描述; recognize 认出;spot 注意到;recall 回忆。 15. D　 根据上文“ employment in the tire shop afford life lessons in meaning, perseverance, and fulfillment” 可知,工作可以带来满足 感。 故选 D。 curiosity 好奇;ambition 野心; relief 宽慰,轻松;satisfaction 满足,满意。 课时作业 16　 THE VALUE OF MONEY Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。 文章以 “My Favourite Books ” 为 题, 介 绍 了 作 家 Catherine Chung 最喜欢的书籍。 1. A 　 细 节 理 解 题。 根 据 文 章 标 题 “ My Favourite Books—Posted by Catherine Chung, a great writer” 可知,本文以作家 Catherine Chung 为第一视角,介绍她喜欢的 书,由此可知文中的第一人称 I,指的是 Catherine Chung。 故选 A 项。 2. C　 细节理解题。 根据 Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro 部分内容“Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university. She married a man who promised to take her to Germany to study. She made major contributions to the field and became the first woman in Russia to obtain a doctorate in mathematics. ” 可知, Too Much Happiness 这本书是关于俄罗斯先驱女数学 家科瓦列夫斯卡娅的。 故选 C 项。 3. B　 细节理解题。 根据 Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang 部分内容中的 “ This collection contains several maths stories. ”;The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa 部分内容中的“ It􀆳s about a woman who comes to work for a once-great mathematician. ”; Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro 部分内容中的 “ Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician” 以及 The Ore Miner􀆳s Wife by Karl Iagnemma 部分内容 中的 “ It is about a miner who thinks he􀆳s discovered the proof to the problem: construct a square,equal in area to a given circle. ”可 知,列出的书籍具有的共同点是它们都包括 数学。 故选 B 项。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。 文章对 对于幸福的追求究竟是什么进行了阐述,得出 的结论是:人们 对 于 幸 福 的 追 求 并 不 是 完 美的。 4. A 　 细节理解题。 根据第二段“Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. ”可知,在第二段可以找到过于关 注“幸福”的负面影响。 故选 A 项。 5. C　 推理判断题。 根据第三段内容可知,作 者通过举例来证明痛苦是活着不可避免的 结果。 故选 C 项。 6. B　 细节理解题。 根据第四段中“ In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people. ”可知,在亚里士多德看来,“幸福并 不是个体的情感状态,需要我们与他人培养 良好的关系”。 故选 B 项。 7. C　 主旨大意题。 纵观全文可知,文章第一 段通过设问的方式引出话题;第二段指出, 现如今人们过分追求幸福而产生的负面影 响;第三至六段表明,过分追求幸福、将幸福 最大化并不会带来真正的快乐。 因此,人们 对于幸福的追求并不是完美的。 故选 C 项。 Ⅱ. 阅读七选五 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了如何才能成为更好的储蓄者。 1. F　 根据前句“ It might be to save up for a new computer, put money aside into a rainy- day fund or put a deposit (押金) down for a loan on a house. ” 和后半句 “ but a recent study showed that over half of all 22-29-year- olds living in the UK have no savings at all” 可知,前后句构成转折关系,我们经常努力省 钱,但年轻人很少有存款。 F 项 “ Learning how to save is important”符合上下文语境。 故选 F。 2. C　 根据前句“On top of that, according to a 2017 study, there is a huge pay gap in people in their twenties in the UK, with the top 10% earning 4. 3 times per week as the lowest earners. ”可知,在英国,二十多岁的年轻人 收入有很大的差距,这就导致一部分人慢慢 形成了一种风气:等我赚多点钱的时候我再 多攒钱。 C 项“Possibly the idea of ‘ saving more when I earn more’ has happened”符合 上下文语境。 故选 C。 3. D　 本空位于句首,概括段落主旨。 根据本 段内容可知,本段介绍了三个存钱的方法。 D 项 “ If we want to improve our ability to save, there are several ways”符合本段主旨。 故选 D。 4. B　 根据本段中的“First of all, put a stop to those impulse ( 冲 动) buys. ” 和 “ Finally, setting up a standing order from your current account into your savings just after you receive your salary will ensure you have some money set aside for a time that you might need it. ”可知,本空应该是与之并列的内容, 介绍存 钱 的 具 体 方 法。 B 项 “ Also, any change when you􀆳re using cash can be put in the jar or into your account” 符合上下文语 境。 故选 B。 5. E　 根据前文“While there is some good news about debt for the twenty-somethings in the UK, the fact that over half have no savings is seen as a cause for concern. While it could be due to some economic disparity (不 同) , there may be some other factors at play. ”可 知,英国 20 多岁的年轻人没有存款可能是 由于经济或者其他因素,但是,仍然还可以 采取 措 施 成 为 优 秀 的 攒 钱 人。 E 项 “However, there are some steps we can take to help us all become better savers”符合上下 文语境。 故选 E。 Ⅲ. 语法填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介 绍了中国对 联 的 形 式, 表 达 意 义 和 起 源 等 信息。 1. appreciation　 考查名词。 句意:中国的对联 是指遵循一定规则的两行诗,通常写在红纸 上供欣赏。 设空处在介词 for 后,应用名词 作 宾 语。 appreciate 的 名 词 形 式 为 appreciation,意为 “欣赏”, 不 可 数。 故 填 appreciation。 2. varies　 考查动词时态和主谓一致。 句意: 作为中国文学的一种形式,对联的内容和风 格各不相同。 设空处为谓语,描述客观事 实,用一般现在时;主语是 the couplet,谓语 用第三人称单数形式。 故填 varies。 3. and　 考查连词。 句意:有的表达了人们对 祖国的爱,有的描述了自然的美丽,还有的 表达了对来年的美好祝愿。 分析句子成分 可知,三个句子是并列的关系,后面两个句 子应用 and 连接。 故填 and。 4. became　 考查动词时态。 句意:中国的对联 起源于五代,在明清时期变得普遍。 设空处 为谓语动词,根据上下文语境可知应用一般 过去时,故填 became。 5. to hang　 考查不定式。 句意:人们在春节期 间挂桃木符咒来驱魔是一种习俗。 本句的 it 为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式。 故填 to hang。 6. in　 考查介词。 句意:如今,人们也用类似的 方式来使用对联。 表示用某种方式,一般用 介词 in。 故填 in。 7. earliest　 考查形容词最高级。 句意:据说,世 界上最早的对联是后蜀皇帝孟昶写的,在北 宋时期非常流行。 设空处修饰名词作定语, 应为形容词,根据句意可知是最高级。 故填 earliest。 8. extremely　 考查副词。 句意同上。 设空处 修饰形容词作状语,应用副词形式。 故填 extremely。 9. has been regarded　 考查时态和语态。 句意: 自明代起,写对联就被视为士人生活修养的 标志。 设空处为谓语,根据时间状语 Since the Ming Dynasty 可知应用现在完成时,主 语和谓语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态, 主语是不定式 to write couplets,谓语用第三 人称单数,故填 has been regarded。 10. the　 考查冠词。 句意:但是,每行中的字符 数可以是 4 到 7 个或更多。 固定短语 the number of 意为“……的数量”。 故填 the。 写作专练(三) Ⅰ. 应用文写作 Dear Peter, Hearing you are about to return home, I􀆳d like to give you a calligraphy work featuring four 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -648-