课时作业5 Natural Disasters-(课时作业)【红对勾讲与练】2025年高考英语大一轮复习全新方案(人教版2019)

必修第一册　 3 课时作业 5　 NATURAL DISASTERS Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2023·重庆模拟) Shawn Triplett knew there was a desperate need to help the children of Mayfield, Kentucky, after a deadly storm struck the town. Mayfield was one of the towns hardest hit after a line of storms crossed the central US on Friday night and Saturday morning. Triplett—a Mayfield resident and a former soldier—was in Chicago that Friday night. Alarmed by the weather reports, his wife and two young children went to stay in a hotel of the nearby town, Paducah, without suffering the storms and ultimately out of the path of the tornadoes (龙卷风) . Able to return home the next morning, Triplett was shocked by how the town was destroyed and wanted to help however he could. He arrived at the volunteer center, where he was asked to guide a photo-journalist through streets filled with remains. That night, the two returned to shelters where they saw many suffered families including one woman comforting her son over their lost Christmas. “ It was very heartbreaking, too much for me to handle, ” he said. Therefore, he decided that more needed to be done for the children affected by the storm. Noticing that supplies available were essentials such as generators (发电机) and bottled water, he turned to his friends on social media for donations so that he could go to Walmart and purchase toys and gifts for the kids. Around ＄2,000 were raised, and the store gave Triplett a discount upon learning of his efforts. As word spread on websites, more donations poured in. He was able to return the following day and another ＄6,000 was spent on toys and board games, he said. Forty pairs of shoes were also picked up at a local Shoe Sensation. Triplett and other volunteers will wrap and distribute the toys for any child or family in need. He credits the kindness of everyone who tried to help and get families back on their feet right before the holidays. 1. Why were Triplett and his families safe from the disaster? A. They were rescued by soldiers. B. They didn􀆳t come back to Mayfield. C. They were helped by an aid agency. D. They happened to be travelling in Chicago. 2. What did Triplett see in the shelters? A. A volunteer cleaning the street. B. A boy crying for his lost families. C. A photo-journalist taking pictures. D. A mother calming her child down. 3. What do Triplett􀆳s donations mainly contain? A. First-aid kits. B. Emergency food. C. Essential supplies. D. Entertainment items. 4. Which of the following can best describe Triplett? A. Generous and hard-working. B. Brave and energetic. C. Sympathetic and warm-hearted. D. Foresighted and determined. # (2023·辽宁丹东高三总复习质量测试) As a shift in the polar vortex ( 极地涡旋) swept across much of the US, many people in the country were hit with a sudden snap of cold. Heavy ice and snow coupled with fallen trees caused the outages in major cities, with companies unable to tell their customers when power will be restored. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -497- hh
3+ Polar vortices were noticed long ago. But the first known use of the term “polar vortex” was in a magazine in 1853. Polar vortices are present year- round, but we don􀆳t hear about them until they cause problems. They maintain freezing temperatures at the North and South poles by moving in tight counterclockwise patterns. Polar vortices grow stronger in winter and weaken in summer. They are kept in place at the poles by another atmospheric current called the jet stream. However, when the jet streams weaken, the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed southwards and it is during this time that people begin to pay attention! In Texas, roads froze over, causing six traffic deaths, and many schools were shut down. People are not the only Earthlings to struggle with the cold. Crops and animals are also freezing. This could have major consequences, especially if herds of cattle die. If snow blocks cattle, the animals can􀆳t reach basic necessities like food and fresh water. On a brighter note, some Texas cities were more prepared than others. For instance, Amarillo, which is located in North Texas, so they are more accustomed to colder temperatures. Amarillo is notable because the city was redesigned to stand up to severe winter storms. Officials have spread out fire stations to increase coverage of first responders, employed modified dump trucks for clearing ice, and upgraded civic centers to provide shelter during storms. Hopefully, other Texas cities will follow the good example set by Amarillo! 5. What does the underlined word “ outages ” refer to? A. Traffic jams. B. Power struggles. C. Power cuts. D. Traffic accidents. 6. What can we learn about polar vortices? A. They grow stronger in summer. B. They are affected by jet streams. C. They were first observed in 1853. D. They move in a clockwise direction. 7. What is the last but one paragraph mainly about? A. The definition of the polar vortex. B. The characteristics of the polar vortex. C. The ways to deal with the polar vortex. D. The serious impact made by the polar vortex. 8. Why is Amarillo striking? A. Because it is located in the north of Texas. B. Because it has been upgraded and modernized. C. Because it has been regarded as an example to other cities. D. Because it has taken effective measures to resist winter storms. Ⅱ. 阅读七选五 (2023·山东日照二模) The hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable. 　 1　 Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather, even if you need to move out. 　 2　 That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds. Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood (胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those points of entry in hurricane conditions. Buy sheets of plywood,measure your windows and use brackets (支架) to hold the plywood in place. Sandbags are very useful. While sandbags won􀆳t be able to help in the extreme storm, many people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing sandbags. 　 3　 Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won􀆳t be able to 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -498- 必修第一册　 3 damage the belongings inside your home, so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane. It􀆳s important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain. But you should also keep an eye on the outside of your house, too. Trim (修剪) trees, especially dead branches, to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane. 　 4　 You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers. 　 5　 Also, there are always bad people out right after a storm. If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm, having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items. A. You should have a camera at home. B. It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds. C. Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important. D. You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes. E. They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases. F. It will aid with your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced. G. These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings. Ⅲ. 语法填空 (2024·四川广安摸底) Chinese rescue teams helped save at least six people, including a pregnant woman and three children, in two separate 　 1　 ( operate ) in earthquake-stricken Turkey on Thursday. The Zhejiang Rescue Team of Ramunion said that its members worked with Turkish soldiers and local rescuers to free five survivors, including three children, from a 　 2　 (heavy) damaged building at around 1:30 pm local time in Iskenderun, a port city in southern Hatay province. In Antakya in the country􀆳s south, the Chinese official rescue team, together 　 3　 local rescuers, carried a pregnant woman out of the 　 4　 (danger) ruins of a building at around 1:30 am, according to China􀆳s Ministry of Emergency Management. 　 5　 ( save) the woman, rescuers and technical experts, led by Zhao Yang, deputy head of the Chinese rescue team, went into 　 6　 ruins to survey the conditions before working out a rescue plan. Chinese rescuers and experts participated in the entire rescue, 　 7　 was supported by equipment 　 8　 ( bring ) to Turkey by the Chinese team, the ministry said. Seven rescuers from the Zhejiang Rescue Team of Ramunion, an NGO from Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, arrived in Turkiye at 1:30 pm on Wednesday. They immediately 　 9　 ( head ) to Iskenderun after teaming up with a nine-member local logistics ( 后 勤 ) support team. The Ramunion workers threw 　 10　 ( they) into the rescue attempt despite temperatures dropping to -8 ℃, according to the NGO. 1. 　 　 　 　 2. 　 　 　 　 3. 　 　 　 　 4. 　 　 　 　 5. 　 　 　 　 6. 　 　 　 　 7. 　 　 　 　 8. 　 　 　 　 9. 　 　 　 　 10. 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -499- hh
3+ Ⅱ. 完形填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲 述了患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的 Winwood 参加 马拉松比赛并为慈善机构筹集资金的故事。 1. A 　 由上文“During the Chicago Marathon, thousands of runners were short of breath at the end of the race. ”和下文“one runner drew everyone􀆳s attention...”可知,前后句之间为转 折 关 系。 故 选 A。 A. However 然 而; B. Therefore 因 此; C. Moreover 此 外; D. Otherwise 否则。 2. C 　 根 据 后 文 “ with just 30 percent lung capacity”及语境可知,他在整个马拉松比赛 中的肺活量只有 30%,这是令人难以置信 的。 故选 C。 A. natural 自然的;B. similar 相 似的;C. incredible 不可思议的;D. mysterious 神秘的。 3. A 　 根 据 上 文 “ Russell Winwood was diagnosed with COPD(慢性阻塞性肺疾病) in 2011. ”以及后文“on October 9, 2022, he ran the Chicago Marathon”可知,令人惊讶的 是,在 2022 年 10 月 9 日,他跑了芝加哥马 拉松。 故选 A。 A. Surprisingly 令人吃惊 地,出 乎 意 料 地; B. Fortunately 幸 运 地; C. Strangely 奇怪地;D. Secretly 秘密地。 4. B 　 根 据 后 文 “ he would run marathons around the world and raise money for charities”可知,参加马拉松是为了筹款。 故 选 B。 A. cheering 加油;B. fundraising 筹款; C. advertising 打广告;D. volunteering 志愿 服务。 5. C 　 根 据 上 一 句 “ Winwood finished the marathon in a time of 6:28:33. ”和下文“ if you 　 6　 his terrible lung condition”可知, 他表现得很不错。 故选 C。 A. academic 学 术的;B. poor 差的;C. solid 相当不错的; D. disappointing 令人失望的。 6. D　 句意:如果你考虑到他糟糕的肺部状况, 这是一个很不错的表现。 故选 D。 A. record 记 录; B. doubt 怀 疑; C. treat 对 待; D. consider 考虑。 7. B　 根据后文“ the Tokyo Marathon”可知,他 获得了东京马拉松的参赛资格。 故选 B。 A. preference 偏爱;B. entry 参赛资格,进入; C. regulation 规则;D. information 信息。 8. C　 根据后文“ in Berlin in the next couple of years”可知,他希望在接下来的几年里参加 柏林的比赛。 故选 C。 A. relax 放松;B. live 居住;C. compete 参加比赛,竞争;D. travel 旅行。 9. A 　 根据后文“ and unhealthy lifestyle”及语 境可知,中风的原因是压力和不健康的生活 方式。 故选 A。 A. stress 压力;B. injury 受 伤;C. passion 激情;D. performance 表演。 10. D　 根据后文“he decided to get...”可知,他 从中风中活了下来。 故选 D。 A. appeared 出现; B. retired 退 休; C. finished 结 束; D. survived 活下来。 11. B　 上文提到了他中风,所以是决定恢复健 康。 故选 B。 A. dignity 尊严;B. health 健 康;C. confidence 自信;D. property 财产。 12. A 　 结合后文 sports 以及他参加马拉松可 知,他参加体育运动来恢复健康。 故选 A。 A. took up 开始从事; B. gave up 放 弃; C. observed 观察;D. studied 学习。 13. D　 根据前文“As Winwood often got lung infections”及后文“ in 2011 to determine the cause”可知,此处指去看医生来确定病因。 故选 D。 A. patient 病人; B. coach 教练; C. athlete 运动员;D. doctor 医生。 14. B　 根据后文“Winwood was diagnosed with COPD”可知,检查发现他被诊断出患有慢 性阻塞性肺病。 故选 B。 A. experiments 实 验; B. tests 检 查; C. assumptions 假 设; D. debates 辩论。 15. C 　 根据前文“Doctors told him he would probably need a lung transplant within five years. ”可知,医生告诉他五年内需要肺移 植。 这 是 一 个 巨 大 的 打 击。 故 选 C。 A. coincidence 巧合;B. breakthrough 突破; C. shock 打击,震惊;D. decision 决定。 课时作业 5　 NATURAL DISASTERS Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主 要讲述了 Triplett 在暴风雪后组织朋友对当地 受灾儿童进行捐赠的故事。 1. B　 细节理解题。 根据第二段“ Triplett—a Mayfield resident and a former soldier—was in Chicago that Friday night. Alarmed by the weather reports, his wife and two young children went to stay in a hotel of the nearby town, Paducah, without suffering the storms and ultimately out of the path of the tornadoes (龙卷风) . ”可知,作为当地居民的他们却安 全的原因是灾难发生之际都没有回到受灾 区。 故选 B 项。 2. D　 细节理解题。 根据第三段“That night, the two returned to shelters where they saw many suffered families including one woman comforting her son over their lost Christmas. ” 可知,当晚 Triplett 回到避难所后看到了许 多灾民,其中一位母亲正在抚慰因无法庆祝 圣诞节而伤心的儿子,让他镇静下来。 故选 D 项。 3. D　 细节理解题。 根据第四段“Noticing that supplies available were essentials such as generators (发电机) and bottled water, he turned to his friends on social media for donations so that he could go to Walmart and purchase toys and gifts for the kids. ”以及“He was able to return the following day and another ＄ 6,000 was spent on toys and board games, he said. ”可知,Triplett 给灾区儿童 们的捐赠物主要是玩具、棋盘游戏等娱乐用 品。 故选 D 项。 4. C 　 推理 判 断 题。 根 据 第 三 段 “ Able to return home the next morning, Triplett was shocked by how the town was destroyed and wanted to help however he could. ” “ That night, the two returned to shelters where they saw many suffered families including one woman comforting her son over their lost Christmas. ”以及最后一段 “ He credits the kindness of everyone who tried to help and get families back on their feet right before the holidays. ”可知,Triplett 看到了避难所的景 象并为之动容,从而决定组织捐赠。 据此推 断,Triplett 是富有同情心的且热心肠的人。 故选 C 项。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要介绍了极地涡旋会给人类的生命财产带来 巨大的威胁,但是好在人类已采取有效措施抵 御冬季风暴。 5. C　 词义猜测题。 根据第一段最后一句中的 “with companies unable to tell their customers when power will be restored”可知,公司无法 告知客户电力何时恢复。 据此可知,outages 意为“断电”之意。 故选 C 项。 6. B 　 细节理解题。 根据第二段最后两句 “They are kept in place at the poles by another atmospheric current called the jet stream. However, when the jet streams weaken, the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed southwards and it is during this time that people begin to pay attention!”可知,极涡受 到急流的影响。 故选 B 项。 7. D 　 段落大意 题。 根 据 倒 数 第 二 段 “ In Texas, roads froze over, causing six traffic deaths, and many schools were shut down. People are not the only Earthlings to struggle with the cold. Crops and animals are also freezing. This could have major consequences, especially if herds of cattle die. If snow blocks cattle, the animals can􀆳t reach basic necessities like food and fresh water. ” 可知,本段主要讲述了极地涡旋造成的严重 影响。 故选 D 项。 8. D 　 细节理解题。 根据最后一段第三句 “Amarillo is notable because the city was redesigned to stand up to severe winter storms. (阿马里洛之所以引人注目,是因为这座城 市经过了重新设计,以抵御严重的冬季风 暴。)”可知,阿马里洛引人注目是因为它已 采取有效措施抵御冬季风暴。 故选 D 项。 Ⅱ. 阅读七选五 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章提 供了一些在飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法。 1. G　 根据前文“The hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable. ” 和 后 文 “ Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather, even if you need to move out. ”可知,此处是指飓风会对生命财 产造成损害,选项 G. These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings. 符合文意。 故选 G。 2. D　 根据后文“That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds. ”可 知,that 是指前文中提到了人们面对飓风的 保护措施,选项 D. You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes. 符合文意。 故选 D。 3. E　 根据后文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won􀆳t be able to damage the belongings inside your home, so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane. ”可知,此 处是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面,选项 E. They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases. 符合文意。 故选 E。 4. C　 根据前文“Trim (修剪) trees, especially dead branches, to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane. ”可知,此处是指防止庭 院里有松动的东西被吹到屋子里造成破坏, 选项 C. Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important. 符合文意。 故选 C。 5. F 　 根据前文“You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers. ”可知,此处是指 给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有 助于向保险公司申请赔偿,选项 F. It will aid with your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced. 符合文意。 故选 F。 Ⅲ. 语法填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。 文章 主要介绍中国救援队在土耳其地震灾区救援 的情况。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -638- 参 考 答 案　 1. operations　 考查名词。 句意:周四,在地震 灾区土耳其,中国救援队在两个单独的行动 中救出了至少六人,其中包括一名孕妇和三 名儿童。 分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考 查名词的复数形式,作介词 in 的宾语,表示 泛指。 故填 operations。 2. heavily　 考查副词。 句意:浙江省公羊救援 队表示,其成员与土耳其士兵和当地救援人 员合作,于当地时间下午 1 点 30 分左右,在 哈塔伊省南部港口城市伊斯肯德伦,从一栋 被严重损毁的建筑中救出了五名幸存者,其 中包括三名儿童。 分析句子结构和意思可 知,这里考查副词修饰形容词 damaged。 故 填 heavily。 3. with　 考查固定短语。 句意:据中国应急管 理部称,凌晨 1 点 30 分左右,在该国南部的 安塔基亚,中国官方救援队与当地救援人员 一起,将一名孕妇从一栋建筑的危险废墟中 抬了出来。 分析句子结构和意思可知,这里 考查固定短语 together with,意为“和……一 起”。 故填 with。 4. dangerous 　 考查形容词。 句意同上。 分析 句子结构和意思可知,这里用形容词修饰后 面的 名 词 短 语 ruins of a building。 故 填 dangerous。 5. To save　 考查非谓语动词。 句意:为了救下 这名妇女,救援人员和技术专家在中国救援 队副队长赵洋的带领下,进入废墟调查情 况,然后制定救援计划。 分析句子结构和意 思可知,此处用动词不定式作目的状语。 故 填 To save。 6. the　 考查冠词。 句意同上。 此处 ruins 是上 文提到的事物,表示特指,所以用 the。 故 填 the。 7. which　 考查定语从句。 句意:中国应急管 理部表示,中国救援人员和专家参与了整个 救援过程,并得到了中国团队带到土耳其的 设备的支持。 此句是非限制性定语从句,先 行词为前面的 the entire rescue,在从句中作 主语,指物,用关系代词 which 引导。 故填 which。 8. brought　 考查非谓语动词。 句意同上。 动 词 bring 和被修饰的名词 equipment 是逻辑 上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作定语。 故 填 brought。 9. headed　 考查动词时态。 句意:在与一个由 九名成员组成的当地后勤保障组合作后,他 们立即前往伊斯肯德伦。 本句描述的是过 去的事情,所以谓语动词用一般过去时。 故 填 headed。 10. themselves　 考查反身代词。 句意:据该非 政府组织称,尽管气温降至零下 8 摄氏度, 公羊救援队的工人仍投入了救援行动。 本 句的宾语和句子主语是同一些人,所以用 反身代词作宾语。 故填 themselves。 课时作业 6　 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要以三个单词为例说明英语中有很多单词的 意思和以前不一样。 1. A　 细节理解题。 根据文章内容可知,第二 段至第四段分别以单词 “ nice”、 “ sad” 和 “awful”共三个单词为例,说明单词含义发 生了改变。 故选 A 项。 2. C　 细节理解题。 根据第二段中“Later on in the 13th century, ‘ nice ’ came to mean ‘shy’, and during the 14th century, it even meant ‘ being careful’ . ” 可知, “ nice” 在 14 世纪时表示“小心”。 故选 C 项。 3. B 　 细节理解题。 根据第三段中 “Back in the 1300s, it was the perfect word if you􀆳d eaten too much food at dinner. ”可知,在 14 世纪时,如果你晚饭吃得太多,可以使用 “sad”这个单词。 故选 B 项。 4. A　 主旨大意题。 根据文章内容,结合第一 段 中 “ The English language is constantly evolving ( 演 变 ), and there are a great number of words out there that don􀆳t mean what they used to. ”可知,文章主要以三个单 词为例说明英语中有很多单词的意思和以 前不一样,A 项“与原来意思不同的单词”最 适合作为文章标题,故选 A 项。 B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主 要说明了气候危机加剧了语言的消失,解释了 语言消失背后的种种原因以及联合国对土著 语言的保护措施。 5. A　 词句猜测题。 前文“Speakers of minority languages have experienced a long history of persecution (迫害), with the result that by the 1920s half of all indigenous (土著的) languages in Australia, the US, South Africa and Argentina were extinct. ”介绍了少数民 族语言消亡的情况,因此推断画线词所在句 “The climate crisis is now considered the ‘ final nail in the coffin’ for many indigenous languages and the knowledge they represent. ” 也是讲述对土著语言的影响,说明气候危机 现在被看作是许多土著语言和相关知识的 致命一击,与 A 项“最后一根稻草;最后一 击”意思相近。 故选 A 项。 6. D 　 推理判断题。 根据第三段 “Vanuatu, a South Pacific island nation measuring 12, 200 km2, has more than 100 languages, the highest density (密度) of languages on the planet. It is also one of the countries most at risk of sea level rise. ‘Many small language communities are on islands and coastlines easily subject to hurricanes and sea level rise,’ she says. Others live on lands where rising temperature threatens traditional farming and fishing practices, leading to migration. ”可推 知,第三段提到瓦努阿图是为了说明少数民 族语言社区的情况。 故选 D 项。 7. D　 细节理解题。 根据最后一段“Promoting and conserving languages of indigenous communities is ‘not only important for them, but for all humanity’, said Csaba Korosi, the UN general assembly president, urging countries to allow access to education in indigenous languages. ”可知,“土著语言国际 十年”的目标是保护土著社区的语言。 故选 D 项。 8. B　 主旨大意题。 通读全文,尤其是第一段 “ Every 40 days a language dies. This ‘catastrophic’ loss is being intensified by the climate crisis, according to linguists. If nothing is done, conservative estimates suggest that half of all the 7, 000 languages currently spoken will be extinct by the end of the century. ”可知,文章主要说明了气候危 机加剧了语言的消失,解释了语言消失背后 的种种原因以及联合国对土著语言的保护 措施。 B 项“语言的丧失:气候危机带来灾 难性的威胁”最适合作为文章标题。 故选 B 项。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲 述了作者因为疾病而开始隐藏自己,疏远朋 友,而朋友们通过快递花朵,通过花的语言让 作者重新振作起来的故事。 1. A 　 根据前文 “My body was troubled with illness”和后文“ I didn􀆳t 　 2　 , thinking that I had nothing to offer anyone in the miserable condition I was in. ”可知,作者受到疾病困 扰,而且认为自己没有什么可以提供给别人 的,所 以 把 自 己 隐 藏 起 来 了。 故 选 A。 A. hidden 藏; B. given 给; C. driven 驾 驶; D. broken 损坏。 2. D　 作者把自己隐藏起来,所以朋友们打电 话、发短信、发邮件、寄贺卡,她都没有回应。 故选 D。 A. forbid 禁 止; B. accept 接 受; C. act 行动;D. respond 回应。 3. B　 朋友们打电话、发短信、发邮件、寄贺卡, 她都没有回应,作者不想被打扰,所以是不 情愿地站起来,打开了门取花。 故选 B。 A. cautiously 谨慎地; B. reluctantly 不情愿 地;C. instantly 立刻; D. cheerfully 兴高采 烈地。 4. C 　 根据后文 “ It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties that shouldn􀆳t really 　 5　 yet somehow did. ”可知,这些花 是由许多品种的单独的花朵组成的,所以作 者是被它的独特性打动了。 故选 C。 A. size 大小;B. style 风格;C. uniqueness 独特性; D. shape 形状。 5. A 　 根据前文 “ It was comprised of solitary blossoms of many varieties”可知,这些花由许 多品种的单独的花朵组成,它们本来不应该 在一 起。 故 选 A。 A. go together 一 起; B. stand out 突出; C. mix up 混淆;D. fade away 逐渐变暗。 6. D　 根据后文“He told me some of my friends were behind...”可知,作者是在和花店对话, 所以是给花店打电话。 故选 D。 A. informed 通知; B. thanked 感谢; C. rewarded 奖励; D. telephoned 打电话。 7. A　 根据前文“ I 　 3　 got up and opened the door to a flower delivery. ”可知,这是一次送 花 快 递。 故 选 A。 A. delivery 递 送; B. program 程 序; C. mystery 神 秘 的 事 物; D. scene 场景。 8. B 　 根 据 后 文 “ through the language of flowers”可知,通过花的语言来传递信息。 故选 B。 A. companion 同伴;B. message 信 息;C. commitment 承诺;D. gift 礼物。 9. C　 根据后文“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘Our hearts ache for you’ . The yellow tulip...”可知,朋友挑选的都是具体的花。 故 选 C。 A. expensive 昂贵的;B. rare 稀有的; C. specific 具体的;D. fresh 新鲜的。 10. A　 根据后文“The red carnation (康乃馨) meant ‘ Our hearts ache for you ’ . The yellow tulip...”可知,是花店的人在向作者 解释花语。 故选 A。 A. explained 解 释; B. clarified 阐明;C. defined 定义;D. analyzed 分析。 11. D　 根据前文“The yellow tulip (郁金香)” 并结合选项可知,黄色的郁金香应是看成 阳光。 故选 D。 A. pain 痛苦;B. fortune 运 气;C. sympathy 同情;D. sunshine 阳光。 12. D　 根据后文“never forgetting me”可知,粉 红色康乃馨说了几句意味深长的话。 故选 D。 A. modest 谦虚的;B. tolerant 宽容的; C. formal 正 式 的; D. meaningful 意 味 深 长的。 13. B 　 根 据 前 文 “ through the language of flowers”可知,花有语言,所以是花在说什 么。 故选 B。 A. involving 包含;B. saying 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 -639-