Unit 3 核心词汇和知识点讲解-【精品课】 2024-2025学年八年级英语上册同步精品课件（人教版）

Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister. 人教版新目标 八年级上册 核心词汇和知识点讲解 核心词汇讲解 adj. 爱交际的； 友好的；外向的 例句： a) My little brother is an outgoing boy. b) Kate is more outgoing than Amy. 比较级：more outgoing adj. & pron. 两个；两个都 拓展： “both of＋复数人称代词的宾格或复数名词”意 为“……两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复 数形式。 例句： The flowers in both shops are expensive. 辨析：both 与 all both：用于两者，意为“两个；两个都”。其反义词是neither，意为“也不；两者都不”。修饰或指代可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 all：用于三者或三者以上，意为“都”。其反义词是none，意为“(三者或三者以上)都不”。修饰或指代名词作主语或all单独作主语时，谓语动词的数由all所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。 adj. & adv. 较好（地）；更好（地） a) Which activity did the students like better, doing sports or reading? b) This bicycle is good, but that one is better. 例句： well 和 good 的比较级，常与than连用。 adv. 喧闹地； 大声的；响亮地 The teacher spoke loudly so that everyone could hear her clearly. 例句： 构成： loud（adj. 响亮的；大声的）+ -ly （副词后缀） adv. 轻声地； 轻柔地；安静地 The classmates are studying quietly now. 例句： 构成： quiet（adj. 安静的）+ -ly（副词后缀） 拓展：由“形容词＋-ly”构成的副词 quick 快的→quickly 很快地 real 真的→really 真正地 clear 清楚的→clearly 清楚地 slow 缓慢的→slowly 缓慢地 different 不同的→differently 不同地 Jack is a hard-working man. 例句： adj. 工作努力的；辛勤的 辨析：hard-working, work hard 与 hard work hard-working：adj.“工作努力的； 辛勤的”。 work hard：动词短语，“努力工作；辛勤工作”，hard是副词， 修饰动词work。 hard work：名词, “辛苦的工作” hard是形容词，修饰不可数名词work。 相当于great 或 wonderful。 The weather is fantastic. We can fly a kite. 例句： adj. 极好的；了不起的 a fantastic view pron. & adj. 哪一个；哪一些 a) Which month of the year do you like best? b) Which pens do you want to take? c) Which is better, this one or that one? 例句： 常表示在已知或一定范围内的人或物中作出选择。 Can you speak clearly? 例句： adv. 清楚地； 清晰地；明白地 拓展： clear adj. 清楚易懂的；晴朗的 Are these words clear enough? We’ll win the game if we practice more. 例句： v. 获胜； 赢；赢得 win：获胜；赢；赢得。作及物动词时， 宾语通常是表示比赛、战争、奖品或金钱等的名词或代词。win the match beat：打败；战胜。宾语是表示竞争对手的名词或代词。beat sb. (in the match) 过去式：won 现在分词：winning 辨析：win 与 beat 1) adv. 不过；可是；然而 常位于句末，其前用逗号与句子其他 部分隔开。 It was a hard job. He took it, though. 2) conj. 虽然；尽管；不过 相当于although，引导让步状语从句。 The trip was wonderful though we were very tired. 讲解： adv. 不过；可是；然而 conj. 虽然；尽管；不过 adj. 有才能的； 有才干的 例句： The talented girl won the competition. Susan is talented in playing the piano. 构成： talent（n. 天资；天赋）+ -ed（形容词后缀） 短语： be talented in 在某方面有天赋 （后接名词或动词 –ing 形式） adv. 真正；确实 （常位于 be 动词、情态动词或助动词之后，实义动词之前） 例句： a) Sarah is truly talented in writing. b) He truly wants to be a dentist. 拓展：truly 的相关词 true adj. 真的；符合事实的 truth n. 实情；事实 串记： His words didn’t sound true. So the truly great police tried their best to find out the truth. truly sorry v. 在意； 担忧；关心 a) My parents truly care about me. b) Take care! A car is coming. 例句： 短语： care about 关心；在意 take care 小心；当心=be careful take care of 照顾；照看=look after care about clothes v. 笑；发笑 n. 笑声 a) He always makes me laugh. b) She heard the funny story and gave a happy laugh. 例句： laugh “大笑”，指出声地笑，含有高兴或轻视等感情色彩。 smile “微笑”，指不出声地笑，侧重指含有愉悦、满意或善意的笑容。 短语： laugh at sb. 取笑/嘲笑某人 辨析：laugh 与 smile adj. 严肃的；稳重的 My father came home with a serious look on his face. b) The serious man is serious about everything serious. 例句： 比较级：more serious 短语： be serious about… 对……认真 a) She looks like a kid. b) The dress is only 80 yuan. Are you kidding? 例句： n. 小孩；年轻人 v. 开玩笑 意为“小孩”时，与child同义；意为“年轻人”时，与young person同义。 不能修饰或描述人，只能修饰或描述 事物。 a) Like it or not, homework is a necessary part of school. b) It’s necessary for us to keep healthy. 例句： adj. 必需的；必要的 句型： It’s necessary (for sb.) to do sth. n. 成绩等级； 评分等级；年级 1) If you work hard, you will get good grades. 2) Sue is in Class Two, Grade Eight. 3) There are six grades in their school. 例句： a) We should care more about our health. b) You shouldn’t eat too much junk food. 例句： modal v. 应该； 应当；可以 常用来表示建议、劝告、要求、义务或征询意见等。should后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化，其否定形式为shouldn’t。 As the saying goes, “Doing is better than saying.” 例句： n. 谚语； 格言；警句 as the saying goes 常言道 短语： He reached out his hand to touch the cat. 例句： v. 伸手； 到达；抵达 reach for one’s hand 伸手帮助某人 短语： 三者均都有“到达”的意思，其用法区别如下： reach：及物动词其后可直接接表示地点的名词。 arrive：不及物动词，其后接小地点（如车站、村庄等）时，用“arrive at”；其后接大地点（如国家、城市等）时，用“arrive in”。其后接地点副词（如home，here，there等）时，不加任何介词。 get：不及物动词，其后接表示地点的名词时，要加介词to。其后接地点副词（如home，here，there等）时，不加任何介词。 辨析：reach, arrive与get v. 感动；触摸 n.触觉；接触 a) The book really touched my heart. b) You should wash your hands after you touch the animals. 例句： 短语： touch one’s heart 打动某人的心； 令某人感动 get in touch 取得联系 keep in touch with 与……保持联系 n.现实；事实 a) Does anybody know the fact? b) In fact, she gets the same grades as you. 例句： 短语： in fact 确切地说；事实上；实际上 v. （使）破；裂；碎；损坏 n.间歇；休息 a) I’m sorry to break your mirror. b) Let’s take/have a break. 例句： 短语： break down 出故障；坏掉 break into 强行闯入 break out 爆发 take/have a break 休息一会儿 过去式：broke v.分享；共享；共用；分摊 a) Sarah and Susan are sisters. They share a room. b) It’s necessary to share good books with our friends. 例句： 短语： share sth. with sb. 与某人分享/共用某物 adj.响亮的；大声的 adv.响亮地；大声地 a) The music is a little loud. b) Kate dislikes listening to loud music. c) I shouted as loud as I could. 例句： 常在句中作表语或定语。 adj.相像的； 类似的 The two houses are similar in size. 例句： 短语： be similar to 与……相像的、类似的 be similar in 在……方面相似 拓展： Jack is similar to his father in some ways. n.信息；消息 例句： 短语： a/one piece of information 一条信息 two pieces of information 两条信息 Let’s find more information on the Internet. The teacher told him two pieces of information about the competition. 核心知识点讲解 1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 【精讲】 both作形容词，置于被修饰的名词前。 both用作代词，可单独使用，也可用于both of...结构 both of作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 Look at the three on both sides of the streets. Both of my parents are Chinese. both 适用于两者 They both work hard. all 适用于三者或三者以上 All of the students are silent. 【辨析】 both , all 考点 tell both 1 【精讲】 both...and...通常用来连接两个并列的句子成分， 若连接两个并列成分作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Dong Qing works as both a hostess and a producer. Both Ann and her brother like listening to soft music. 考点 tell both...and... 2 1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 【精讲】比较级, 用于两者之间的比较，表示“更……”。 表达A比B……， 用“A + be +adj.比较级+than + B”结构。 I am taller than my sister. Sam is more hard-working than Tom. 【精讲】 表达A和B两者相同时，用“as +adj./adv.原级”结构。 Liu Xiao is as tall as Li dong . Liu Xiao plays the guitar as well as Li dong . Note: not as/so…as 可与比较级进行同义句的转换 This room is not as /so big as that one. =That room is bigger than this one. 考点 tell better than… 3 2. That’s Tara, isn’t it ?那是塔拉，是吗? 【精讲】 是指在陈述句后附加一个简短问句 ，用于征询肯定或否定的意见，或者希望陈述句所说的内容得到证实。简短问句的主语应为相应的代词（there be句型除外）。 ②否定的陈述句+肯定的简短问句 ①肯定的陈述句+否定的简短问句 答语应符合事实。事实是肯定的，用yes；事实是否定的，用no。当句式是“前否定，后肯定”的结构时，翻译要以事实为依据，yes译为“不是”；no 译为“是的”。 定义 形式 答语 例句 ①—There is someone in the room, isn’t there?房间里有人， 不是吗? —Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. 是的，有人。/ 不。 没人。 ②—Jim didn’t come to school yesterday, did he?吉姆昨天没有来学校， 是吗？ —Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. 不是， 他来（学校）了。/是的， 他没有来（学校）。 考点 tell 反意疑问句 【精讲】 tell在此作动词，表现一种判断的能力，意为“看得出来；知道”的意思。 作此用法时，tell不用于进行时态。 The moment our teacher walked in, I could tell that things were not going well. How can you tell he told a lie? 3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 考点 tell tell 1 【精讲】 win在本句中作不及物动词，意为“获胜；赢”。 win也可作及物动词，意为“赢得”。其宾语通常为表示比赛项目、奖品或战争等。 Who doesn't want to win? Our team won the football match. Britain won five gold medals. 考点 tell win 2 形容词和副词的比较级 考点 tell 比较级构成 1 【精讲】 形容词副词的比较级构成有： 规则变化和不规则变化 如右图所示。 考点 tell 比较级用法 2 【精讲】 形容词副词的比较级用法包含： 原级和比较级的运用。 如右图所示。 With the development of 5G technology, our daily lives have become more and more convenient. —Is your hair as long as Mary’s? —No, it isn’t. Hers is longer than mine. 1. A good friend is talented in music. 【精讲】 talented作形容词,“有才能的,有才干的”； 其名词形式为talent，意为“天资、天赋、天才”。 常用短语： be talented in 意为“在某方面有天赋”。 Tom is talented in painting. 考点 tell talented My sister is talented in playing the piano. He is a talented artist. 2. …is good at sports. …擅长运动 【精讲】 be good at “擅长……；在……方面做得好”，有人称和时态的变化。 其中at为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。 He is good at English. I’m good at swimming 考点 tell be good at 【拓展】 be good at 通常可以与do well in互换 My sister does well in/ is good at paper-cutting. 3. truly cares about me 【精讲】 truly adv. 意为“真实地；真心地”， 相当于sincerely。 I’m truly sorry that things had to end like this. 考点 tell truly 1 【辨析】true, truly, truth true adj. “真实的”; truth n. “真相” It’s a true story None but he knew the truth. truth，是不可数名词，常与the 连用。但当它表示“真理”时，是可数名词。 we learn three important truths. 【精讲】 care about是动词短语，意为“关心；在意”， 后面接名词、代词或动名词。 He seems to only care about money. I don’t care about your opinion. 考点 tell care 2 【拓展】 take care = be careful 小心；当心 take care of =look after 照顾；照料”。 Please take care of my pet cat. 4. …makes me laugh. …使我笑。 【精讲】 make sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”， make后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 His father always makes him get up before six o’clock. Mother made me clean my room yesterday morning. 考点 tell make 【拓展】 make 用法，如图。 1. My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror. 【精讲】 like在此处是介词，意为“像”。 be like 像……一样。 Life is like a coin. Pleasure and pain are the two sides. 考点 tell be like I think friends are like books. 2. You don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. 【精讲】 as long as意为“只要……”， 与so long as意思相同， 引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则。 I don’t care where we will eat, as long as it is a Chinese restaurant.   As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 考点 tell as long as 【拓展】as long as 还可意为“既然”。 As long as you are going, I’ll go. 3. It’s not necessary to be the same. 【精讲】 necessary adj. 必需的；必要的。 只能用来修饰事物，不能修饰人。 常用It is necessary(for sb.) to do sth. “（对某人来说）做某事是必要的” 。 考点 tell necessary Friendship is necessary for us. It's necessary for us to keep healthy. 4. My best friend Larry is quite different from me. 【精讲】 be different from为固定搭配， different 为形容词，意为“不同的”， 其前可用quite, very等词修饰。 反义词组：the same as。 same常与定冠词the连用。 The truth is quite different from what you said. 考点 tell be different from The weather here is different from that in Beijing. It's not necessary to find a friend who is the same as you. 5. My best friend helps to bring out the best in me. 【精讲】 bring out是一个习语，意思是使显现；使表现出 bring out the best/worst in someone “把某人最好（或最坏）的一面表现或显露出来” Difficulties can bring out a person's best qualities. 考点 tell bring out I can help to develop the abilities of others and bring out the best in them. 【拓展】bring out 还可表示“把……拿出来； 出版（书籍）”。 My teacher asked me to bring out my homework. 6. I don't really care if my friends are the same as me or different. 【精讲】 if 在此处作连词，意为“是否”， 引导宾语从句，作动词care的宾语。 I don't know if/whether he is at home. 考点 tell if 【拓展】 if 还可意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。 I will wait for you if you want to go with me tomorrow. 7. I broke my arm last year but she made me laugh and feel better. 【精讲】 break v. 打破；打碎 过去式是broke，过去分词是broken Be careful. Don’t break my glasses. 考点 tell break 【拓展】 break n. 休息 常用短语 have/take a break There is a break during the performance for the audience to have a rest.   8. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 【精讲】 touch v. 感动；触摸 touch one’s heart 触动某人的心弦 Don’t touch the food with dirty hands. I love this song. It can touch my heart. 考点 tell touch 【拓展】 take care = be careful 小心；当心 take care of =look after 照顾；照料”。 Please take care of my pet cat. 9. My best friend is similar to Larry because she’s ... 考点 tell similar 【精讲】 similar adj. 相似的；相仿的， 可用作定语和表语。 常用短语：be similar to Dave and Jack have similar bikes. Their ideas are very similar. $$