专题04 阅读理解之说明文（期中真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中真题分类汇编（人教版2019）

专题04阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高二上·安徽黄山·期中）For most ordinary purposes, machine translation (MT) has got a lot better in the past years. The biggest source of improvement has been the adoption of “deep learning” in training translating systems. But improvement has also come about through the expansion of clever companies solving individual tasks. Some have created specialist dictionaries so that important terms can be translated accurately and consistently. Other inventions combine MT with a human translator’s editing tools, which means translators spend most of their time checking and perfecting MT output, rather than doing the work of the translating themselves. For some translators, being a machine’s editor may sound depressing. This can be seen the other way around, however. A human repeatedly translating identical formulae can get bored. Allowing the machine to do these boring jobs frees the translator to apply specialized knowledge, solving more intellectually satisfying problems. What are those problems? One Madrid-based translator for a big law firm describes a recent task. It involved making a critical distinction in a legal document: a Spanish word (dolo) that’s properly translated as “wilful misconduct” was translated only as “misconduct” by software. Since the law requires considerably severer punishment when the misconduct is “wilful”, the omission (省略) was potentially disastrous. Today, many translation firms are proud of using MT, not as a crutch (依赖) but as a means to cut costs and turnaround times. Part of their job becomes knowing what can be automated and what cannot. Instruction manuals can be left to MT while others like a novel legal argument cannot. The bad news for some translators is that a tap of repeatable, easy work is being turned off. The good news is that what remains will be brain-challenging stuff for people who know a language and something else. Tales of artificial intelligence usually test humans against machines. But the translators of the future will be neither entirely human nor machine. They will be human beings with mechanical enhancements. 1．What can we learn about machine translation from paragraph 1? A．It has been mostly used by specialists. B．Lots of efforts have been made to improve it. C．Some clever companies have made a fortune from it. D．It has replaced human translators in some simple tasks. 2．What can be inferred from the case mentioned by the Madrid-based translator? A．Experienced translators are hard to find. B．Machine translation can be inaccurate. C．Machine translation has led to many misjudgments. D．It is difficult for translators to tell“wilful misconduct”from“misconduct”. 3．What is many translation firms’ attitude towards using machine translation today? A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Technology contributes to productive translators B．Translation is faced with a great technical challenge C．The translator of the future is a human-machine hybrid D．Career opportunities in the field of translation are increasing （二） （23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Out in the Atlantic Ocean, roughly 60 miles off the northwest coast of Africa, lie the Canary Islands. In the 1950s, the boom in package tourism showed promise as a new cash crop. But while the Canary Islands had the sunshine, warm climate and ease of access from Europe needed for this new industry, they were missing a vital element picture postcard sandy beaches. So the developers on Tenerife in the Canary Islands constructed a breakwater (防波堤) over half a mile long. And then, from the Western Sahara on Africa’s northwest coast, they shipped in 270, 000 tons of sand. By 1973, the project was complete. As anticipated, tourists arrived. Along the engineered beach, rows and rows of tourists relax on beach chairs under umbrellas or walk across soft sand to cool down in the water. Unanticipated was what their presence gave to one of the world’s most endangered fish species, angel sharks — visibility. The gentle wind creates tiny waves on the water’s surface, a magical cover for what lies beneath — an angel shark nursery. Female angel sharks regularly migrate to these ideally sheltered waters to give birth to pups (幼崽), who remain in the shallows for about a year. Feeding on small fishes, they grow to around the same length as a newborn human baby. Surveys have shown that other beaches in the Canary Islands are also potential nursery sites. Interestingly, most of them have been remade to make them more attractive to people. Playa Chica has another long sweep of imported sand. It’s an attraction for divers as well as angel sharks, so the number of sightings of mature angel sharks of this shoreline is one of highest in the islands. Normally, massive, environmentally disruptive projects are bad for wildlife. But what’s clear is that after the breakwater was built and the sand arrived, people followed, and in the calm, shallow waters they began to see baby angel sharks. And unlike how many an association between humans and wildlife ends-in conflict and dead animals, this time it led to conservation. 5．Why did the developers on Tenerife carry out the project? A．To build a base for shipping. B．To boost the local tourism industry. C．To fight against the rising sea. D．To protect the island’s eco-system. 6．What was an unexpected result of the project? A．It caused the disappearance of some fishes. B．It made a magical tourist attraction. C．It gave angel sharks a home. D．It created conflicts between sharks and tourists. 7．What is the author’s attitude toward the engineered beach? A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Intolerant. 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To highlight the financial benefits of tourism. B．To introduce potential human-wildlife coexistence. C．To explain the situation of endangered species. D．To emphasize the importance of wildlife conservation. （三） （23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Cultural heritage sites are a nonrenewable resource. Today architectural heritage sites are being destroyed at an alarming rate. They’re threatened by rising seas, pollution, overtourism, conflicts and so on. Recently, Notre Dame Cathedral has attracted international attention. Since its main construction from 1163 to 1350, Notre Dame Cathedral repeatedly has been damaged and repaired. On April 15, 2019, the landmark’s roof caught fire, causing the collapse of its spire (尖顶) and upper walls severely damaged. Work on the site began quickly. Through the work of photographer Tomas van Houtryve, writer Robert Kunzig, and artist Fernando Baptista, people will see restoring scenes where ruins are cleared and statues saved. Even the COVID-19 pandemic caused only a two-month delay. Architects have said the expensive project is on track to be completed in 2024. And thorny questions arise. What duty do we owe the creations of our ancestors? What lesson can we draw from their presence? Humankind has answered that differently. In Dresden, Germany, the Frauenkirche, an 18th-century baroque church, was famous for its bell-shaped dome (穹顶). In February 1945, one of the most destructive bombing attacks of World War II reduced the city to ruins. After German reunion, the church was reconstructed using many of its original stones, as a symbol of peace and harmony. Berlin’s Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church also fell to bombing but had a different story. Its spire has been left a ruin on purpose to be a “warning monument” against war and destruction. Like the Frauenkirche, Notre Dame is being rebuilt as close as possible to how it was before, including using the original, toxic metal — lead (铅) — for the roof, causing the debate about how to restore and maintain historic buildings. Actually, no one claims to have the “right” answers on preservation; there may not even be right answers. What people could do is to continuously monitor the global care of cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to humanity’s past, present, and future. 9．What do we know about Notre Dame Cathedral? A．It was once threatened by conflicts. B．It collapsed totally during a fire decade ago. C．It has undergone repeated repairs since 1163. D．It was not influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. 10．What does the underlined word “thorny” mean? A．Simple. B．Tough. C．Accurate. D．Attractive. 11．Why are the Frauenkirche and Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church mentioned in para.4? A．To remind people the value of peace and harmony. B．To warn people the influence of war and destruction. C．To demonstrate different solutions to heritage site preservation. D．To introduce reconstruction methods such as using original materials. 12．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Cultural heritage sites are nonrenewable so that they are worth protecting. B．Notre Dame Cathedral has been the most attractive heritage site globally. C．The reconstruction of cultural heritage sites seldom causes disagreements. D．The reconstruction of Notre Dame Cathedral after fire has been completed. （四） （23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Small planetary (行星) bodies is the big focus of space exploration in 2023 and People are eager to solve many of the mysteries about these tiny worlds. In 2023, the launching of two spacecrafts aims to explore some of the solar system’s smaller bodies, in an effort to understand how worlds become suitable habitats for humans to live in. The first task Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) was launched in April 2023 and is scheduled to land in 2031. This spacecraft from the European Space Agency (ESA) is designed to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons: Europa, Callisto and Ganymede. They are thought to have oceans of liquid water beneath their frozen shells. “The thing we are most interested in is the liquid oceans and in particular with Ganymede –we don’t know the location, the depth ,the composition of these oceans,” says ESA’s Olivier Witasse, the project scientist. “While JUICE has many goals, the most exciting one is to hunt for life there as water is crucial to life ”. Due to launch in October 2024 and arrive in 2030, the other spacecraft Psyche from NASA is named after the  asteroid (小行星) it will land. Researchers believe Psyche to be an exposed iron core of a young planet. Studying planetary cores is nearly impossible on actual planets because they are so deep underground, so Psyche could present a unique opportunity. “The core is always crucial. For the Earth, it creates magnetic field and gives off heat,” says one of the researchers of Psyche, “One of the ways to answer why Earth is habitable is to study how it was built, and Psyche is part of that story. We don’t know what we’re going to find, and if blessed, we’re going to be completely surprised because there was no previous data.” Habitability (宜居性) in our solar system is still a huge mystery, but the two spacecrafts should bring us one step closer to understanding it. 13．What is the aim of the two spacecraft launching tasks? A．To study planetary bodies. B．To solve mysteries about worlds. C．To explore the solar system. D．To understand how worlds become habitable. 14．According to Olivier Witasse, which of the following statements about JUICE is NOT true.? A．Its most important goal is to hunt for life. B．It is scheduled to travel about 8 years before it reaches its destination. C．It has found there are liquid oceans under frozen shells of Jupiter. D．It is designed by EAU to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons. 15．What can be learned from Psyche task? A．Psyche will be launched to explore Psyche. B．There was a little previous data about the asteroid. C．People have known how the earth is built through it. D．Psyche’s core creates magnetic field and gives off heat. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．Ganymede attracts particular attention of scientists of ESA． B．Psyche is key to helping people solve mysteries about space. C．JUICE is scheduled to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons. D．The launching of two spacecrafts is to help understand habitability. （五） （23-24高二上·湖北恩施·期中）Recent research highlights that the timing of our meals, particularly the last one of the day, can significantly affect our health. The story is not merely about what we consume, but also about when we do so. The debate about dinner timing finds substantial, scientific support with a Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) study published in Cell Metabolism in October 2022, suggesting that early dinners could have more health benefits than previously believed. And it defined an early dinner as a meal consumed three to four hours before bedtime, in line with our body’s circadian rhythm (生理节奏). The BWH study discovered clear differences in metabolic (新陈代谢的) profiles of early and late diners. Early diners demonstrated lower blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, improved fat-burning capacity, better sleep quality, and higher energy levels. Meanwhile, late dinners led to increased hunger, slower calorie burning, and higher fat storage, posing risks for conditions like diabetes(糖尿病). The exact timing of dinner isn’t a one-size-fits-all choice, as people’s routines vary widely. Maya Feller, a nutritionist based in Brooklyn, NY, emphasizes that our schedules —ranging from traditional nine-to-five to round-the-clock — are critical when considering “ideal” meal times. Therefore, finding a dinner time that fits into your schedule is essential, rather than sticking to a strict, potentially impossible timetable. Wendy Bazilian, DrPH, offers insightful tips for those whose routines may not permit an early dinner. She recommends consuming meals or snacks every three to five hours. This regular eating pattern can help . stabilize blood sugar levels, preventing the feeling of hunger. Furthermore, it’s advantageous to leave a gap of two to three hours between your last meal and bedtime. This gap ensures your body has sufficient time for most of the digestion process — letting you get adequate rest and repair during sleep. So it’s time to reconsider not just the contents of your plate, but also the clock. After all, leading a healthy lifestyle isn’t merely about counting calories but alșo understanding when and how to fuel our bodies. 17．What did the Brigham and Women’s Hospital(BWH) study mainly focus on? A．The recommended daily diet. B．Our body’s circadian rhythm. C．The drawbacks of early dinners. D．The importance of dinner timing. 18．What may be the result of having an early dinner? A．Having a strong sense of hunger. B．Storing up more fat in your body. C．Having a higher risk of diabetes. D．Enjoying a sound night’s sleep. 19．What advice does Wendy Bazilian give to the late diners? A．They’re supposed to grab some food every 5. hours. B．They’d better have access to adequate rest and repair, C．They should allow for digestion process before bedtime. D．They are advised to keep their blood sugar level stable. 20．What is the best title for the text? A．The Healthiest Time to Eat Dinner. B．We Are What We Eat. C．Benefits of Good Dietary Habits. D．Eating Less in the Evening. （六） （23-24高二上·福建厦门·期末）When I first met Nao Junior, he was in his 40s and one of only nine members of his Indigenous(土著的) group, Great Andamanese, who still spoke the idiom of his ancestors. As a language specialist, I had researched more than 80 Indian languages. I was on the islands to document their Indigenous voices before they faded into whispers. Words in this language consisted of two classes: free and bound. The free words were all nouns that referred to the environment and its inhabitants, such as ra for “pig”. They could occur alone. The bound words were nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs that always existed with markers indicating a relation to other objects, events or states. The markers came from seven zones of the body and were attached to a root word to describe concepts such as “inside”, “outside”, “upper” and “lower”. For example, the morpheme(词素) er-, which qualified most anything having to do with an outer body part, could be stuck to -cho to yield ercho, meaning “head”. Just as a head, a bound word, could not conceptually exist on its own, the mode and effect of an action could not be divided from the verb describing the action. Great Andamanese had no words for agriculture but a great many for hunting and fishing, mainly with a bow and arrow. Thus, the root word shile, meaning “to aim”, had several versions: utshile, to aim from above; arashile, to aim from a distance; and eshile, aiming to make a hole with a sharp object. The studies established that the language seems to be truly old in origin. In a multistage process of development, words describing diverse body parts had changed into morphemes referring to different zones and combined with content words to yield meaning. The structure alone provides an insight into an ancient worldview in which the macrocosm(宏观世界) reflects the microcosm, and everything that is or that happens inseparably connects to everything else. 21．What is the purpose of the author’s stay on the islands? A．To meet with an old friend. B．To teach Indigenous idioms. C．To record an ancient language. D．To trace her ancestors. 22．“Aim at a pig’s head from afar” in Great Andamanese may be ______. A．Arashile raercho B．Arashile ercho C．Eshile ercho D．Eshile raercho 23．What can we infer from the verbs in Great Andamanese? A．A verb could describe more than one action. B．Some of the verbs could be used on their own. C．The locals probably live off seafood and meat. D．The tools used in people’s daily life are diverse. 24．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Great Andamanese is the origin of multiple languages. B．Great Andamanese is a doorway to the ancient wisdom. C．Great Andamanese tells the development of the community. D．Human body shapes Great Andamanese’s unique worldview. （七） （23-24高二上·广东肇庆·期中）As much as I love the rides in theme parks, my favorite part of the experience is the live entertainment. Whether it’s a parade, stage show, “streetmosphere”, or even an impressive nighttime show, I just love the energy that a live performance can bring to a space. It is not uncommon for me to visit a theme park and go on one ride and spend the rest of the time just enjoying the atmosphere. No matter how many times I ride an attraction, I’m having the same experience. But with live entertainment, it constantly changes. Different performers bring their own touch to the show. Even when things go wrong in a live situation, I find it fascinating to see how it is covered. There is an impressive art to fixing an error, or sometimes even making it a comedic moment. But because these live performances aren’t bolted (固定) to the ground and are easily influenced, they are often the first thing to get removed from the parks when there is a shortage of money. As much as I understand this business decision, it feels shortsighted. The parks simply don’t feel alive when live entertainment is missing. Without it, a theme park is just a group of people walking quickly from one ride to the next. We are certainly living in an unprecedented time, but I’m happy to see that theme parks have found creative ways to make sure there is some sort of live entertainment put on safe. Most parks are having their characters and performances visible from a distance. One of my favorite examples of this was shared by @Attractions on Twitter, where Winnie the Pooh was frolicking around Epcot and trying to catch a butterfly. This is such a great example of what can be done with characters and live entertainers in a time when the “norm” isn’t possible, I honestly hope that these special moments remain once it’s safe for the meet-and-greets and close-up interactions to return. 25．What does the author like best in a theme park? A．Joining its parades. B．Observing its visitors. C．Trying its various rides. D．Enjoying its live shows. 26．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The error. B．The show. C．The reason. D．The attention. 27．What does the author think of the business decision in paragraph 3? A．It will bring theme parks more business. B．It will make theme parks easily influenced C．It will make theme park rides more popular. D．It will take away the liveliness of theme parks. 28．Why does the author mention Winnie the Pooh? A．To explain what theme parks can do to stay B．To show its popularity among theme park visitors. C．To explain what characters can do to get closer to visitors. D．To show the influence special times can have on theme park. （八） （23-24高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather than the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target. There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for special occasions. One softball-sized strawberry, for instance, can cost as much as ¥500,000 JPY ($3,346 USD). Several districts have recently witnessed an alarming rise in fruit theft. Yamanashi Prefecture, for instance, lost an shocking ¥8,500,000 JPY ($56,890 USD) from 40 cases of missing fruit in the last four months. It is so bad, in fact, that local firefighters and private security guards are going around and checking the area at night to ensure the safety of the fruits. The same thing happened to another peach farm located in Fuefuki City when farmers were aware that 1,400 peaches went missing out of the blue. Another top farming company in Yamanashi City lost 1,500 peaches just two days later. Peaches were not the only luxury fruit being targeted in the past few months. Just last September 28,400 bunches of grapes went missing in the Yamanashi Prefecture. The total loss amounted to ¥350,000 ($2,343 USD). Farm owners are now increasing their security measures to prevent this rise in theft. They are paying a fortune to employ local private security guards to patrol around the clock when fruits are ripe. Even they are about to install a monitoring system to watch over the farm at all times, which serves as a threat to thieves. If thefts do happen, they can call the police. 29．What unusual item is currently being stolen more frequently in Japan? A．Quality fruits. B．Watches. C．Luxury cars. D．Jewelry. 30．Why are these quality fruits in Japan so valuable? A．They have unique flavors. B．They are always given as gifts. C．They are less expensive than other luxury items. D．They are grown by hand to meet high quality standards. 31．Why did the article mention the price of a softball-sized strawberry? A．To highlight the size of the stolen fruits. B．To provide an example of a stolen fruit. C．To emphasize the high cost of luxury fruits. D．To explain the popularity of strawberries in Japan. 32．What is the primary purpose of the article? A．To stress the value of luxury fruits in Japan. B．To show the rise in theft of luxury items in Japan. C．To describe the efforts to fight fruit thefts in Japan. D．To promote the growth of the quality fruit market in Japan. （九） （23-24高二上·安徽滁州·期中）Mexico City is making various strategies to fight against severe water shortage, as a years-long lack of rainfall continues to impact the local water supply. The water crisis is a direct result of falling levels of rain within the Cutzamala System, which supplies the city of nearly 10 million people, and of its primary water source, the Valle de Bravo reservoir. Levels at the reservoir have fallen significantly after years of limited rainfall. “Mexico currently has a major problem in terms of water due to climate change,” Sandra Lopez, a research er at the public policy research center Mexican Institute for Competitiveness, said. “But it can also be very much linked to the country’s management problems, since we have different factors, such as the fact that not enough resources and financing have been allocated to management.” This, for obvious reasons, means that the population and Mexican society in general is experiencing water stress, which we are only just identifying as a potential problem. The water shortage affects about one-fourth of the population in the Mexican capital, which is witnessing daily water disruptions (中断) in various areas, making it difficult for residents to undertake essential tasks such as cooking, cleaning and bathing. “In the neighborhood where I am, they start to cut off the water supply at about 1 1 am. It comes very slowly,” Sergio Ramos, a clerk at Navycar car wash in Mexico City, said. The water supply only lasts seven or eight hours a day, he said. Amid the continuing crisis, the federal, state and city governments are urging citizens to conserve water by fixing faulty faucets (水龙头), making use of waste water, and taking shorter showers. These actions, aimed at reducing consumption, could contribute to extending the city’s water supply. With the shortage projected to last until May, water conservation efforts will have to continue for some time. Some citizens are actively employing measures such as using rainwater or bottled water, while the government is pursuing additional strategies, including reducing water consumption in public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and making a plan to augment the city’s water supply. Educational initiatives are also underway to the Cutzamala System. “The Cutzamala System dams are at low storage levels due to the lack of rain and the drought in the country,” said Mexico City Water System, which manages the city’s drinking water supply. “In this context, at the same time there have been low levels of storage in the tanks that distribute water in the Azcapotzalco district.” The National Water Commission, or Conagua, explained that there is a 29 percent deficit(缺乏)in the country’s reservoirs, compared with historical data for November. 33．What did Sandra Lopez mainly convey in Paragraph 2? A．Expenses of developing water resources. B．Ways of protecting the water sources. C．Influences of the water shortage. D．Reasons for the water shortage. 34．Which measure isn’t recommended by the governments but is taken by some citizens? A．Repairing faulty faucets. B．Using rainwater or bottled water. C．Making the most of waste water. D．Using traditional water-saving devices. 35．Which can replace the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 4? A．Manage. B．Increase. C．Investigate. D．Classify. 36．What can be the best title for the news report? A．Mexico City battles severe water crisis B．Years-long lack of rainfall in Mexico City C．Mexico adjusts distribution of water supply D．Cutzamala System supplies Mexico City with water （十） （23-24高二上·黑龙江伊春·期中）Greece has criticized the United Kingdom for canceling (取消) a planned meeting between Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis and UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, apparently so that Sunak could avoid talking about ancient artefacts (历史文物) that Greece says were taken illegally. Mitsotakis and Sunak were set to meet on Tuesday, but Sunak canceled it on Monday, reportedly after learning that Mitsotakis planned to talk about the Parthenon sculptures. The UK government initially believed Mitsotakis would not talk about the sculptures, which are now in the British Museum. The sculptures were once part of the Parthenon in the Greek capital Athens. The row (纠纷) became more serious after Mitsotakis told the BBC on Sunday the UK’s offer to store some of the sculptures in London and some in Athens was akin to cutting the Mona Lisa in two. He also said the sculptures had been essentially stolen. Mitsotakis said he was deeply disappointed by the abrupt cancellation of the meeting. “Those who firmly believe in the correctness and justice of their positions are never hesitant to engage in constructive argument and debate,” he was quoted by The Associated Press as saying. The BBC reported that sources in the Greek government were puzzled and annoyed by the meeting cancellation. Greece has long criticized the way in which the Parthenon sculptures ended up in London, after they were bought by British diplomat Lord Elgin and shipped to the UK between 1801 and 1804. Because the two nations disagree on the legality of the deal and have firm positions, they have tended to avoid talking about the issue during high-level diplomatic meetings. The UK’s Transport Secretary Mark Harper said on the BBC’s Breakfast program on Tuesday that it was regretful that the prime ministers would not meet during Mitsotakis’UK visit. He said Mitsotakis had been offered the chance to meet instead the UK’s deputy prime minister, Oliver Dowden, but he had refused the meeting. “The views of Greece on the Parthenon sculptures are well known,” Mitsotakis was quoted by The Guardian as saying. “I had hoped to have the opportunity to discuss them with UK Prime Minister along with other international challenges. ” The UK’s opposition Labour Party criticized Sunak for canceling the meeting and said his behavior appeared disrespectful. 37．Which can replace the underlined phrase “akin to” in paragraph 2? A．Contrary to. B．Similar to. C．Relevant to. D．Adapted to 38．How did the Parthenon sculptures end up being in Great Britain? A．An Englishman purchased them and sent them there. B．Some stole them and sold them to a British diplomat. C．The then Greek government presented them to the UK as a gift. D．The then British army took them by force and transported them there. 39．Why did Mitsotakis refuse to meet the UK’s deputy prime minister, Oliver Dowden? A．He was too occupied with other affairs. B．He was supposed to meet UK Prime Minister. C．He didn’t approve of his words and behaviors. D．He had arranged for another official to meet him. 40．What is the best title for the news report? A．Sunak and Mitsotakis set to meet on Tuesday B．Mitsotakis thinks highly of Greece artefacts stored in UK C．Mitsotakis plans to take back Parthenon sculptures from UK D．Greece’s arguing with UK about artefacts sparks diplomatic row （十一） （23-24高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）There are just two species of flowering plant native to the Antarctic peninsula (半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice begins to melt, according to a new study. One is Antarctic hair grass, which grew as much in 2009—2019 as it had in the previous 50 years; the other is Antarctic pearl wort, which has seen the speed of growth increase five times over the same period. A team led by Nicoletta Cannone, a researcher from the University of Insubria, Italy, measured the growth of Antarctica’s two native plants at sites on Signy Island. The results were shocking: the sites have not only seen faster growth, but they have become more densely populated by the plants each year, which indicates the climate has got warmer. According to nonprofit Discovering Antarctica, the region’s temperatures have warmed by an average of 3°C as a result of human-caused climate change, meaning once stable ice shelves are now narrowing down. In some parts, that has given way to land now habitable to the two plant species. Peter Convey, at the British Antarctic Survey, told the New Scientist: “The most novel feature of this is not that something is growing faster but that we’re starting to see what is almost like a step change or a tipping point.” And Matthew Davey, at the Scottish Association for Marine Science in Oban, UK, added: “Increasing expansion is now clearly evident in the region. This research gives us the first all-sided data showing how fast and how dense the plant community may expand.” The researchers acknowledged there could be other factors at play causing the plants’ growth, such as the decreasing fur seal population—but this also is linked to climate change. Meanwhile, as the land becomes more habitable, non-native species could also occupy the land and grow more than native plants, which could in turn destabilize long-established local ecosystems. “If we estimate what we observed on Signy Island to other sites in Antarctica, a similar process can also occur,” said Cannone “This means the Antarctic landscape and biodiversity could change rapidly. And that really concerns all.” 41．According to the article, what factors play a role in the fast growth of the two native plants? A．The climate getting warmer. B．The fur seal population rising. C．The non-native plants occupying the land. D．The quality of the soil of the land improving. 42．What does the underlined word “destabilize” mean in the last paragraph but one? A．Strengthen. B．Change. C．Benefit. D．Narrow. 43．What’s the researchers’ main concern regarding the growth of flowering plants in Antarctica? A．The decrease of fur seal population. B．The occupation of non-native species. C．The impact of human-caused climate change. D．The rapid change in Antarctic landscape and biodiversity. 44．Which of the following is the suitable title for the text? A．Scientists Working in Antarctica. B．Native Flowering Plants in Antarctica. C．The Effect of Global Warming on Antarctica. D．Non-native Plant Species in Antarctica. （十二） （23-24高二上·湖北十堰·期中）In March, 2023, a group of computer scientists published an assessment of a new chatbot with artificial intelligence (AI). The team’s report drew global attention to one test in particular: We have a book, nine eggs, a laptop, a bottle and a nail, and please tell me how to pile them onto each other in a stable manner. This is a tough puzzle. Earlier versions of the chatbot gave silly and unreasonable answers. But the new chatbot’s unique answer helped set off the current global wave of AI advocacy and anxiety. It fueled debate about how large language models (LLMs) were able to perform creative tasks. By 2022, LLMs were being trained on as many as 17 trillion words of human-generated text, mainly from the Internet. It was certain that the new chatbot was exposed to functional fixedness (功能固着) problems in its training. The researchers were of course aware of that and invented the “eggs and laptop” puzzle to prevent the new chatbot from dishonestly copying an answer from the Internet. LLMs used language statistics only. No one had said how to pile these nine eggs on top of each other ever before. The extreme rarity of those words would tend to prevent LLMs from talking about piling eggs in unrealistic ways. One of the researchers that tested the new chatbot thinks it’s likely that an LLM trained on trillions of words creates a world model, and this is what gives it the “magical” extrapolation (外推) properties. Are LLMs truly original or are they just plagiarists (剽窃者)? The two statements may not be as different as they seem. There’s nothing entirely new under the sun. Edison did not invent the light bulb but improved it. Most so-called creators apply knowledge from different fields to a problem and arrive at a solution. It’s more a matter of making relevant connections than of inventing something completely new. If LLMs are indeed acquiring the ability to make relevant connections, that would be a historic but discomforting development. 45．What do we know about the new chatbot’s answer to the puzzle in paragraph 1? A．It was silly. B．It set people thinking. C．It drew little attention. D．It highlighted language innovation. 46．Why did the researchers invent the “eggs and laptop” puzzle? A．To copy online answers. B．To stop the chatbot cheating. C．To train humans to use language. D．To expose the chatbot to functional problems. 47．What does the author convey in the last paragraph? A．How an invention came into being. B．How Edison became successful in history. C．Why Edison invented something entirely new. D．Why an invention required effort and opportunity. 48．What is the best title for the text? A．Will Robots Replace Humans? B．Can Robots Develop Smoothly? C．Can AI Come Up With Anything Original? D．Will AI Solve Magical And Difficult Problems? （十三） （23-24高二上·山西忻州·期中）Archaeologists in Egypt have unearthed a Sphinx statue (狮身人面像) with a smiley face near the Hathor Temple, one of the country’s best preserved ancient sites. The smiling Sphinx is much smaller than the famous Sphinx in Giza, which is 20 metres high. The stone work of art, believed to be a stylized representation of an ancient Roman emperor, was found inside a two-level tomb near the temple in southern Egypt. Next to the beautifully and accurately carved Sphinx, researchers had found a Roman stone written in hieroglyph (象形文字). Once fully translated, the stone may unveil the identity of the sculpted ruler, who could be Emperor Claudius. The smiling Sphinx is among a series of discoveries announced over the past few months. The country has uncovered major archaeological discoveries in recent months, primarily in the Saqqara cemetery (墓地) south of Cairo as well as in Giza, home to the only surviving structure of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Recently, Egypt announced the discovery of a hidden nine-metre passage inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, which may lead to the actual burial room of pharaoh (法老) Khufu, or Cheops. Further south, in Luxor, archaeologists had discovered a 1,800-year-old complete residential city from the Roman times. Hathor Temple, about 500 kilometres south of the capital Cairo, was home to the Dendera Zodiac, a heavenly map which has been displayed at the Louvre in Paris for more than a century. Since Frenchman Sebastien Louis Saulnier took it out of the temple in 1922, Egypt has been attempting to get it back. Some experts see such announcements as having more political and economic weight than scientific, as Egypt is counting on tourism to revive its vital tourism industry in a severe economic crisis. The government aims to draw in 30 million tourists a year by 2028. 49．What do we know about the smiling Sphinx? A．Its owner was confirmed as an ancient Roman ruler. B．It has been the best-preserved Sphinx till now. C．It is as high as 20 metres like the Sphinx of Giza. D．It was discovered close to the Hathor Temple. 50．What does the underlined word “unveil” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Reveal. B．Seek. C．Deny. D．Maintain. 51．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The diversity of cultural relics in Egypt. B．The discoveries made recently in Egypt. C．The status of the Great Pyramid of Giza. D．The new discovery about pharaoh Khufu. 52．What does Egypt expect most from the recent discoveries? A．Scientific progress. B．Political position. C．Economic advance. D．Cultural exchange. （十四） （23-24高二上·山西长治·期中）Researchers have been aware for an extended period that adequate sleep at night is crucial for maintaining brain health. However, there is now encouraging information for individuals who enjoy taking short naps (小睡) during the day. A recent study found that daytime naps can have positive effects on brain function. Researchers from the University College London in the UK and the University of the Republic in Uruguay looked at small sections of people’s DNA．There are 97 sections of DNA in humans that can identify whether a person is likely to be a daytime napper or not. The scientists used data from 35,080 people in the UK between the ages of 40 and 69. They identified people in the study whose DNA made them more likely to nap during the day and people whose DNA showed they didn’t need to nap. The team compared brain scans (扫描) of the nappers with scans of the non-nappers and noticed some key differences in their brains. The results suggested that those who liked to nap had larger brains than those who didn’t. The brain naturally shrinks with age, so this meant that the brains of people who liked to nap aged more slowly than people who didn’t nap. The people who napped had brains that were about 9 cubic (立方的) inches larger than those who didn’t nap, which was equal to slowing down aging by three to six years. Dr. Victoria Garfield, involved in the study, mentioned that the research could provide insights into maintaining brain health with age. She expressed hope that positive findings, such as the health benefits of daytime napping, would drive any negative impression away about midday naps. While the study lacked specific information on nap duration (持续时间), previous research suggests that around 30-minute naps are most beneficial for the brain. Additionally, taking a nap earlier in the day, as opposed to late afternoon, is less likely to impact nighttime sleep. 53．What does the recent study mentioned in the passage show about daytime naps? A．They have no impact on brain function. B．They can positively affect brain function. C．They have a damaging effect on brain health. D．They are only beneficial if taken for a long period. 54．How did the researchers identify those who tend to daytime napping? A．By studying a large population aged 40-69. B．By analyzing people and animals’ brain scans. C．By examining small sections of people’s DNA． D．By conducting surveys on daytime napping habits. 55．What is the likely meaning of the word “shrink” in paragraph 3? A．To become more natural. B．To physically reduce in size. C．To age a little bit quickly. D．To increase in volume. 56．What does the passage imply about the timing of daytime naps? A．Late afternoon naps are more beneficial for brain health. B．Nighttime sleep is unaffected by the timing of daytime naps. C．The study does not provide information about the timing of naps. D．Napping earlier in the day has a positive impact on nighttime sleep. （十五） （23-24高二上·山东淄博·期中）The growth mindset is the belief that intellectual abilities can be developed and are not fixed, which have received a great deal of attention in schools and among researchers. According to a study, a teacher’s growth mindset acts as a “support” that can draw out a student's growth mindset at the very beginning and make it maintainable and actionable in the classroom. These teachers may convey how, in their classes, mistakes are learning opportunities, not signs of low ability, and back up this view with assignments and evaluations that reward continual improvement. This could encourage a student to continue acting on their growth mindset. The study analyzed data from the National Study of Learning Mindset, which was an intervention experiment conducted with a sample of ninth-grade students’ math grades. The present focus on math grades is motivated by the fact that students tend to find math challenging and anxiety inducing, and therefore, a growth mindset might help students face those challenges productively. In the study, researchers show that the positive effect of a short growth-mindset intervention on ninth-grade students’ math grades was concentrated among students whose teachers themselves had growth mindset. They also found that baseline students — serve as a benchmark (基准点) for comparing and evaluating the progress of other students — who reported more fixed mindset in classrooms showed a significantly positive effect on math grades. Successfully teaching a growth mindset to students lifted math grades overall, but this was not enough for all students to reap the benefits of a growth-mindset intervention. Supportive classroom contexts also mattered.Students who were in classrooms with teachers who approved of more of a fixed mindset did not show gains in their math grades over ninth grade, whereas the same kind of students in classrooms with more growth-mind set teachers showed meaningful gains. In general, they view the testing and understanding of the causal effect of teacher mindset as the next step for mindset science. Such research will be challenging to carry out, however. 57．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．How a student's growth-mindset is inspired. B．Why a teacher's growth mindset is important. C．How mistakes turn into learning opportunities. D．Why a student continues acting on growth mindset. 58．What can we learn from the study on ninth-grade students? A．Students were unable to overcome maths challenge. B．The positive effect was concentrated on all students. C．The sample size of the experiment was insufficient. D．Students at baseline were influenced considerably. 59．In the growth-mindset intervention, the teachers' mindset_______. A．has an influence on the effectiveness B．is determined by supportive classroom C．always brings meaningful gains to students D．plays a decisive role in students' significant gains 60．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Academic Performance: The Influence of Students’ Mindset B．Students’ Learning Motivation: The Impact of Teachers’ Mindset C．Encouraging a Growth Mindset: The Role of Teachers D．Fixed and Growth Mindset: Their Relationship and Impact （十六） （23-24高二上·甘肃天水·期中）The Scarlet Knight (also known as RU27) is an 8-foot autonomous underwater glider that traveled from New Jersey to Spain. Its underwater expedition team has provided data to help scientists better understand how climate change is affecting the ocean. The glider, with no engine to push it forward, rode the ocean currents and made a series of 10,000 dives and ascents (上升) in order to collect data on ocean circulation, the heat content of the upper level of the ocean, and the transport of this heat through oceanic cycle as it crossed the Atlantic. Drops involved pumping a small volume of water into its nose causing it to sink and unequal buoyancy (浮力) along its main body would send the glider 150 to 180 meters down the water column. Ascending involved the reverse: pumping approximately a cup of water into the tail causing a glide upwards. This pattern of dive-and-ascend cycles continued for 4,600 miles; they lasted approximately 40 minutes each. The glider stayed almost continually underwater, surfacing only three times a day to check its location, transmit data, and download new piloting instructions from home via an Iridium telephone on its tail. The gliders equipped with sensors to help indicate the presence of oil. Though scientists must still confirm oil presence through water sampling, gliders narrowed the search zone for subsurface oil. It will also help people better explore the ocean in the future. “The glider shines light on the mysteries of the oceans. It can sample the ocean in places that are not realistic, and for a small amount of the price,” said Zdenka Willis, director of the research team. “Using robots to collect scientific data is the wave of the future in terms of ocean observing.” 61．What is the purpose of RU27? A．To travel from New Jersey to Spain. B．To collect information on the ocean. C．To transport scientists to the ocean. D．To analyze the data from the ocean. 62．What does Paragraph 3 tell us about the glider? A．Its main elements. B．Its moving areas. C．Its operating principle. D．Its data processing . 63．What does Zdenka Willis say about the application of the glider to the oceans? A．It’s not realistic. B．It will be costly. C．It’s demanding. D．It will be a future trend. 64．What is the best title for the text? A．Underwater Robots Explore the Ocean B．The Glider Becomes the Focus C．Underwater Expedition Helps Scientists D．A New Robot Comes into View （十七） （23-24高二上·山东聊城·期中）Going for a picnic is a good experience to be in nature, but it’s terrible to have a picnic that will do harm to the environment. Here are some ways to keep your picnic green. Use reusable plates and cups. You don’t need to wash disposable (—次性的) plates and cups because they pollute the environment. It’s greener and cheaper to bring metal plates and cups from home. After the picnic, you can take them home and wash them. Try to buy food from local farmers’ markets. In general, if you bring less food for your picnic, you’ll create less pollution. Try to have an all-vegetarian picnic. Modern production of meat uses lots of energy and creates lots of pollution. Instead of driving, ride a bike or walk to the park. If the park you want to visit is too far from your home, you can take public transportation like buses or subways. After your picnic, remember to pick up all your trash. Try to keep the picnic area clean. If possible, try not to create any trash at all and reuse whatever you can. 65．It’s ________ to have a picnic that will do harm to the environment. A．good B．useful C．bad D．possible 66．How many ways can we keep the picnic clean from the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 67．Why should we bring some metal plates and cups to have a picnic? A．Because they are very hard. B．Because we can bring them home to reuse them after washing them. C．Because they are cheap. D．Because they look nice. 68．If we want to bring less food for your picnic to create less pollution, we’d better ________. A．buy the food from the big shop in the city B．buy the food from local farmers’ markets C．buy the food from the supermarket near your house D．buy the food from the restaurants in the city 69．After your picnic, don’t forget to ________. A．pick up all your trash B．try to keep the picnic area clean, if possible C．try not to create any trash at all D．Above all. （十八） （23-24高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）Air fryers are quickly becoming popular in the US these years, with many people having the idea that air fryers are a great way to make quick, healthy meals. An air fryer can be used to get the crispness of deep-fried food without actually deep frying the food in oil. Breaded foods are among the most popular dishes in America. Instead of placing something like breaded chicken into oil, the air fryer blows hot air around the chicken and causes it to crisp up and brown, creating a crunchy texture (松脆的口感) that is similar to fried chicken. Nutritionist Bellatti said, “When you are just using a teaspoon of oil in an air fryer, it’s going to be a lot less caloric than something in a real fryer where a lot more oil is being taken in. It’s a way to lower your calorie intake greatly. Additionally, for those who are watching fat intake for medical reasons, air fryers can help them create fried foods that are lower in total fat content.” Reducing fat and calorie intake can help a person lose weight and eat healthier when compared to eating fried foods. But some experts say there is no guarantee that air frying is a healthier way to cook. If you’re turning to an air fryer every day to cook every meal, you’re not necessarily eating healthier, according to nutritionist Hartley. Air frying makes some dishes healthier, but it doesn’t add nutritional value. Similarly, it doesn’t make an unhealthy dish a smart choice. At the end of the day, air-fried breaded chichen is still breaded chichen—grilled chichen would be the healthier choice. “Air frying is just an easy and low mess way to cook dishes that have the satisfying crispness of fried foods,” Hartley said. “Instead of thinking of them as a dieting tool, think of them as a tool for cooking simple and satisfying meals.” Hartley also added air fryers would probably not help you lose weight, saying there was “zero research” to back that up. And cutting oil out of your diet completely isn’t always for the best. “Although a low-fat, air-fried diet sounds attractive, you’d end up missing out on the wonderful advantages of plant-based fats such as avocado oil and olive oil,” said nutritionist Cucuzza. 70．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 2? A．How the air fryer improves the taste of fried chichen. B．Why many American people love breaded foods. C．Why the air fryer enjoys popularity in America. D．How the air fryer works to make foods crisp. 71．What did Bellatti try to express? A．People should have a calorie-controlled diet. B．Eating fewer calories may lead to a healthier life. C．Air fryers can be more useful than traditional fryers. D．Air fryers can help people cut down on calories and fat. 72．What might the underlined word “guarantee” in paragraph 4 mean? A．expectation B．possibility C．certainty D．suggestion 73．What is Hartley’s attitude toward people using air fryers as a tool to lose weight? A．He is against it. B．He is hopeful of it. C．He is uninterested in it. D．He is uncertain about it. （十九） （23-24高二上·江苏镇江·期中）With governments across the world supporting native languages, it may seem like people in power are finally beginning to accept linguistic diversity (语言多样性). But there’s still a long way to go. In Mexico, for example, speakers of native languages still face challenges that Spanish speakers may not. According to Mexico News Daily, speakers of native languages in the state of Chiapas are still influenced by Castilianization practices, which serve to change these communities to mainly Spanish-speaking ones. Although Mexico is home to many native languages, like Nahuatl and Mixtec, most of these languages have become endangered because of Spanish’s predominance (主导地位). A recent survey done by researchers at Western Kentucky University tries to explore the public’s attitudes toward native language education in the country. Although the Mexican government’s efforts to protect native languages have been far from satisfactory, it appears that the Mexican public is generally quite supportive of efforts to revitalize (使恢复生机) native languages. 87% of respondents (调查对象) to the survey said they agreed with the statement that “the presence of native people is important to Mexican culture.” The researchers also asked respondents about their thoughts on teaching native languages and English in school. Most of the respondents agreed that it was important to teach these as subjects in school, though native languages received a bit less support than English (88.4% of respondents supported teaching English in school compared to 70.8% for native languages). The researchers noted that the Mexican government has made some efforts in recent years to support native languages, such as the National Institute of Native Languages, which provides a variety of online courses to help people learn native languages. Now, Nahuatl is one of the few languages native to Mexico that is not endangered — most of the country’s native languages have less than 100,000 native speakers. 74．What do we know about speakers of native languages in Chiapas? A．They are encouraged to speak Spanish. B．They are treated the same as Spanish speakers. C．They have made a challenge to Spanish’s predominance. D．They have had great success in protecting their language. 75．What does the recent survey find about the Mexican public? A．They care little about native languages. B．They want to keep native languages alive. C．They think native languages are more important than English. D．They support schools specializing in teaching native languages. 76．Why did the researchers mention the National Institute of Native Languages? A．To recognize the Mexican government’s efforts. B．To share its creative way of protecting Nahuatl. C．To introduce it as a language training center. D．To stress its importance to Mexican culture. 77．What is the best title for the text? A．Mixtec, one of the most spoken native languages in Mexico B．Nahuatl, an endangered native language in Mexico C．Mexicans support native language education D．Mexicans are losing their native languages （二十） （23-24高二上·山东潍坊·期中）AI (artificial intelligence) is a new field of computer science. It allows machines to learn from experience, make decisions and solve problems like humans. Today you can find a lot of AI examples in our everyday life. You use AI facial recognition to unlock your phone. Self-driving cars use it to drive. Shopping apps use it to provide you with information according to your interest. Perhaps the best example is the smart assistant on your phone, which can support you when you make voice calls, add events to the calendar, and send messages. All in all, AI is everywhere. In recent years, China has a rapid development in AI. To prepare students well for the future, Zhejiang Province plans to make students in primary and middle schools learn AI. Last year, Zhejiang Province started “AI + education” pilot project in schools. Wenzhou is one of the cities that have carried out the project. The city plans to have nearly 760 schools for AI education by the end of this year, hoping to bring AI to every classroom. It’s easy to open the AI course among primary and middle schools, because information technology is already a subject tested in Gaokao in Zhejiang. The new AI course is expected to build a strong AI talent pool for universities and colleges in the future. However, AI-based education is still faced with a lot of challenges. One of the biggest challenges is that there are not enough top teachers. 78．What can AI help machines do? A．Find a lot of examples B．Copy and act like humans. C．Do everything for humans. D．Experience different kinds of life. 79．What does the underlined word “assistant” mean? A．Controller. B．Owner. C．Helper. D．Trainer. 80．Which of the following is NOT an example of AI? A．Taking a ride in a self-driving car. B．Sharing your interest with friend. C．Unlocking your phone with your face ID． D．Sending messages with the smart assistant. 81．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The AI education in Wenzhou. B．The importance of the AI course. C．The AI cities in Zhejiang Province. D．The AI course and other subjects. 82．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It’s going to be hard to pass AI tests. B．The AI course will be a subject in Gaokao. C．There will be a great need for top teachers. D．The AI course will be popular all over the world. （二十一） （23-24高二上·云南文山·期中）“Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a poor man.” As the old saying tells us, breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It provides us with energy after a long night without food. If people don’t have breakfast in the morning, they will feel tired and get angry easily. Breakfast helps children stay more focused at school. A study showed that children who eat breakfast regularly score higher in most subjects. Breakfast is also important for losing weight. If you have a balanced breakfast, you will eat less throughout the day. Healthy and balanced breakfast should include some protein like eggs, milk or a little meat which makes you energetic all day. Carbohydrates(碳水化合物) like rice or bread can keep you active. Vegetables and fruit have the vitamins that humans need. In China, breakfast is different from region to region. However, porridge with pickles(腌菜), baozi, noodles, soybean milk and youtiao are common throughout the whole country. Although Western culture influenced China a lot, most people still prefer traditional Chinese breakfast. They think that porridge and noodles are not only easily digested, but also can provide enough energy in the morning. Some Western countries, they have some other kinds of food. For example, in the USA, they enjoy sausages, soft pancakes. In Canada, local people like eating pancakes! 83．The old saying in the first paragraph means that ________. A．breakfast must be delicious B．breakfast is eaten by the king C．breakfast is the most important among the three meals D．breakfast can make people feel like a nice man 84．Why do we need to have breakfast in the morning? A．Because breakfast is helpful to our studies. B．Because breakfast is the most delicious meal of the day. C．Because breakfast offers energy to us after the whole night without food. D．Because breakfast makes us feel excited. 85．Which of the following doesn’t belong to healthy breakfast? A．Cola and butter. B．A little meat. C．Rice and bread. D．Eggs and milk. 86．What is the best title of the passage? A．Chinese Traditional Breakfast B．Breakfast and Health C．Breakfast and Weight Loss D．Western Breakfast （二十二） （23-24高二上·山东临沂·期中）Body language is a powerful means of communication used by both humans and animals. Through gestures, facial expressions, and postures, individuals express emotions, intentions, and establish social connections. This nonverbal form of communication plays a crucial role in promoting understanding and establishing strong relationships. In the human world, body language is an essential part of daily interactions. A smile can instantly convey happiness and friendliness, while a furrowed brow may signify worry or confusion. Even slight changes in posture can communicate confidence or depression. By paying attention to these nonverbal signals, individuals can better understand the underlying emotions and thoughts of others, thus strengthening their ability to understand and connect with each other. Interestingly, animals also rely heavily on body language to communicate within their own species and even across different species. For instance, a wagging tail in a dog usually means excitement or happiness. Similarly, puffed-up feathers in birds can indicate attacks, while a relaxed body posture may suggest satisfaction. By understanding these signals, animals can effectively convey messages and establish social classes, ultimately improving their chances of survival and successful reproduction. Furthermore, body language often overcomes language barriers, enabling communication between individuals who do not share a common language. This is particularly important in diverse societies or in situations where verbal communication is not possible. In such cases, gestures, facial expressions, and body movements become fundamental in conveying messages and building connections. Nonetheless, it is essential to recognize that body language is not always the same. Cultural differences and individual personality traits can affect the interpretation of certain gestures and expressions. For example, direct eye contact is generally considered a sign of respect and focus in Western cultures, while it may be seen as a challenge or disrespect in other cultures. Therefore, it is crucial to be mindful of these differences when interpreting body language in cross-cultural communication. 87．What can we learn about body language from paragraph 1? A．It is only used by humans. B．It is limited to verbal communication. C．It can express emotions and intentions. D．It is ineffective in bridging language barriers. 88．What does the underlined word “depression” mean in paragraph2? A．Being proud. B．Losing heart. C．Discomfort. D．Curiosity. 89．Why is body language important in diverse societies? A．It bridges language barriers. B．It helps establish social classes. C．It is the primary form of communication. D．It removes the need for verbal communication. 90．Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Animals rely only on verbal communication. B．Body language is universally interpreted the same way. C．Understanding body language can lead to successful reproduction. D．Cultural differences can affect the interpretation of body language. （二十三） （23-24高二上·云南昭通·期中）Why do we find ugly-cute animals so attractive? And what makes odd-looking creatures so cute? Evolution (进化) plays a role. According to Austrian zoologist Erin Fekete, human attraction to childish features, such as big eyes, large heads and soft bodies, is an evolutionary adaptation that helps ensure that adults care for the young, assuring the survival of their species. Odd-looking animals such as blobfish, pugs, aye-ayes and bulldogs all share these childish qualities that cause a loving response among humans and a nature to raise and protect. And these childish characteristics increase a person’s “protective behavior, attention and willingness” to care for the individual and reduce the “possibility of aggression towards a child”, says Cyril Drouet, a researcher. Ugly-cute animals often have other value— some, like the blobfish, live in extreme environments that they have adapted to in remarkable ways. Scientists are keen to study these animals to understand whether their biology might provide fresh ideas that could lead to treatments for human health conditions such as cancer and heart disease. But while many ugly creatures are strongly adapted to their life in the wild and can provide numerous benefits to the ecosystems they live in, they often still don’t get as much attention as more traditionally cute and beautiful animals, which leads to many of the ugly-cute species being ignored in terms of research. There are other culture-led factors that also cause our attraction for ugly-cute animals. “The ugly-cute thing is very fashionable.” says Rowena Packer, a lecturer of animal behavior. “This is partly caused by social media, with many social media influencers showing off pet pugs and French bulldogs on Instagram.” she says. But there are some serious worries around this trend. Veterinarians (兽医) are calling on people not to keep a flat-faced dog, because they suffer from serious health problems. Pugs and French bulldogs which have been selectively kept experience breathing difficulties, repeated skin problems and eye diseases. So while childish features such as big eyes may make us smile, we might want to reconsider our attraction for “ugly-cute” pets. 91．What does the underlined word “aggression” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Threatening behavior. B．Strange behavior. C．Friendly behavior. D．Smart behavior. 92．Why are some ugly animals overlooked in terms of research? A．They are of no interest to scientists. B．They are less cute and attractive. C．They do not have unique biological feature. D．They are not well-adapted to their environments. 93．What can be inferred about the role of social media in promoting the popularity of ugly-cute animals? A．Influencers have started a campaign to raise awareness about ugly animals. B．People prefer to post pictures of ugly animals on social media rather than cute animals. C．Social media didn’t make it easier to spread information about animals. D．The ugly-cute animals shared on social media could raise people’s attraction for them. 94．How does the author feel about the current trend of keeping flat-faced dogs? A．Encouraging. B．Indifferent. C．Concerned. D．Excited. （二十四） （23-24高二上·安徽蚌埠·期中）While doing homework, Seoyoung Jun closed one eye and successfully picked up her pencil holder. She realized that directing herself in a 3D space didn’t require both eyes. This surprised her so much that she did some research. And she learned the brain can process 3D information with poor vision (视力) or even without any vision. Then the idea for Mind Beacon was born. It uses a thin line of light to gather 3D information about the placement of walls, furniture and other things. Then the light sends that information back to Mind Beacon,which then raises little pins (大头针) to show where those obstacles (障碍物) are. Then blind people can “read” the position of those pins to understand the positions of structures and objects ahead and walk around them. When the invention worked for the first time, Seoyoung didn’t believe it. She’d been up all night working on it. To be sure there wasn’t a mistake, she shut it off and started it up. It had been seven long months of research and testing. Now this tool can help disabled people create a mental image of their surroundings. The heart of Mind Beacon is a 3D depth sensor that’s connected to a computer. That computer can control motors that are lined up in three rows of three. Each motor controls a pin that can move up and down. When the sensor finds an obstacle, the pin rises. It can rise to three different heights. Each height roughly represents the height of the obstacle. Someone who runs their hand over the nine pins can tell where the obstacle is and its general height. Mind Beacon won Seoyoung a place at the world’s high school research competition, Right now, she wants to ameliorate it. She imagines in the future it can be connected to a smartphone, with more little pins to show the exact height of the obstacle. It would feel like a little map showing the location and size of the obstacle ahead. 95．What inspired Seoyoung to invent Mind Beacon? A．The desire to win a competition. B．The blind’s good sense of touch. C．Her wish to bring convenience to the disabled. D．Her ability to locate an object without full vision. 96．How does Mind Beacon help the blind? A．By informing them of the obstacles in advance. B．By teaching them to describe dangerous objects. C．By making them have easy access to the Internet. D．By training them to remember maps of their living areas. 97．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The limitations of Mind Beacon pins. B．The working process of Mind Beacon. C．The role of computers in Mind Beacon. D．The effect of Mind Beacon on the blind. 98．What does the underlined word “ameliorate” probably mean? A．Keep. B．Spread C．Improve. D．Control. （二十五） （23-24高二上·广东东莞·期中）Seventy miles inland from the Bering Sea, the villages of Akiachak, Akiak and Tuluksak formed the Yupiit School District. This year, this district was allowed to operate on an academic calendar according to seasonal harvests. It starts a week later than other districts, and classes finish 10 days earlier. They make up the difference with an extra half hour of instruction each day. Students can now take part in the fall moose (驼鹿) hunt and the spring migratory bird harvest. The strategy is to pass along traditional knowledge that cannot be gained in the classroom. On a cloudy day this June, teachers met students at a large cutting table near teacher housing near the river. Originally, the morning catch of salmon (鲑鱼) was supposed to be processed at a nearby community fish camp, but those plans were scrapped because a black bear was hanging around. Evelyn Esmailka explained the differences between salmon and other fishes to the children. After this lesson, they boarded boats to go fishing for salmon on the river. The order of the day was making sure that every student got a chance to take part in the harvest. Barron Sample was in charge of it. “For some of them, it’s the first time actually out here on the river doing this, and the first time they’re actually pulling a net,” Sample said. The boat was one of three owned by the school district. “There’re three schools in our school district: Akiak, Tuluksak, and us, Akiachak. So, in a little competition, like, how many did you catch today?” Sample said. While the first drift only yielded two fish, the second brought in around a dozen of various fish. The students screamed in delight as the struggling salmons were picked from the net, landing with a bang in a plastic box. During the narrow window when fishing was allowed, the village of Akiachak felt like a deserted town. But along the river, the fish camps buzzed with activities as families processed the day’s harvest in a way that has changed little over the centuries. 99．What are students of the Yupiit School District expected to do? A．Embrace traditional native knowledge fully. B．Attend an extra class for half an hour. C．Harvest their academic achievements. D．Learn about the migration of birds. 100．What docs the underlined word “scrapped” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Discussed. B．Abandoned. C．Approved. D．Introduced. 101．What does Barron think of the students’ fishing for salmon? A．Exhausting. B．Dangerous. C．Competitive. D．Knowledgeable. 102．What remains unchanged at Akiachak village? A．The local quiet lifestyle. B．The education of surviving skills. C．The summer camp activities. D．The way of processing fish. （二十六） （23-24高二上·陕西宝鸡·期中）It’s late evening in the middle of the winter. The snow is deep, but off I go into the wild. Suddenly, I hear it: the howl (嚎叫) of wolves. Excitedly, I walk faster in the direction of the howling. I’ve been working as a volunteer wolf tracker in Yellowstone National Park for over a year. It’s my job to follow wolves to record information about them. Like wolves, however, I don’t work alone. I’m one of a team of people who have been in a project to help reintroduce wolves to the park. Humans have always feared wolves. From fairy tales to movies, the wolf is always the bad guy —a danger to humans and other animals. In the 1920s, the organizers of the park shared this view about wolves and made the decision to drive them away from the park. As a result, the number of elk (麋鹿) in the park increased. The elk started looking for food near river banks since they didn’t have to worry about wolves. This, in turn, stopped trees from growing along the rivers, doing great harm to the environment there. The return of wolves has already made a big difference. To begin with, the elk soon learned to stay away from the rivers, so new trees have been able to grow there. The trees become home to new wildlife, such as birds, and provide food for more animals. The park is now becoming more and more popular with those who want to see wolves in their natural environment. It has also helped the local people make more money. Tourists visit the area, stay in the local hotels, and eat in the local restaurants. Looking at the wild animals and the beautiful sceneries around me, I am amazed at the changes the wolf has made to Yellowstone. And happily, it is playing a good guy in this story. 103．According to the passage, one of a wolf tracker’s jobs is to ________. A．catch wolves in the park B．feed wolves in the wild C．stop wolves from killing elk D．collect information about wolves 104．Why did the organizers drive the wolves away from the park in the 1920s? A．The wolves were always howling at night. B．The elk in the park were in danger of dying out. C．The wolves had done great harm to the environment. D．The park was thought to be unsafe with wolves around. 105．Paragraphs 4 and 5 are mainly about the ________ that wolves have brought to Yellowstone. A．risks B．troubles C．changes D．competitions 106．What does the writer mean by the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A．Wolves are important to Yellowstone. B．Yellowstone has been home to wolves. C．The wolf and the elk live in peace now. D．The number of wolves is growing fast. （二十七） （23-24高二上·浙江宁波·期中）Microsoft has announced the general availability of its Azure AI Content Safety, a new service that helps users detect and filter harmful AI — and user-generated content across applications and services. The service, designed to reduce negative information in community environments, includes text and image detection and identifies content that Microsoft terms “offensive, risky, or undesirable,” including hate, bias, adult content, violence and self-harm. “By focusing on content safety, we can create a safer digital environment that promotes responsible use of AI and safeguards the well-being of individuals and society as a whole,” wrote Louise Han, product manager for Azure Anomaly Detector, in a blog post announcing the launch. Azure AI Content Safety has the ability to handle various content categories, languages, and threats to moderate both text and visual content. It also offers image features that use AI algorithms to scan, analyze, and moderate visual content, ensuring what Microsoft terms 360-degree comprehensive safety measures. The service is also equipped to moderate content across multiple languages and it can rate the severity of specific content on a scale ranging from 0 to 7. Then it instructs human detectors to take action. “When it comes to online safety, it is crucial to consider more than just human-generated content, especially as AI-generated content becomes prevalent,” Han wrote. “To make sure that AI-generated outputs are accurate, reliable, or appropriate materials is essential. Content safety not only protects users from misinformation and potential harm but also upholds moral standards and builds trust in AI technologies.” Azure AI Content Safety has a better understanding of textual content and cultural context and are more precise in processing data and content than other products in their category. Azure AI Content Safety is mainly priced on a pay-as-you-go basis. Interested users can checkout pricing options on the Azure AI Content Safety pricing page. 107．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Microsoft makes AI technologies popular. B．Microsoft guarantees trust in AI technologies. C．Microsoft launches AI Content Safety service. D．Microsoft puts forward a term about AI Content Safety. 108．What type of information is the most likely to be identified by Azure AI Content Safety? A．Hatred speeches. B．Nursery rhymes. C．Peaceful protests. D．Defensive postures. 109．Which of the following is TRUE about Azure AI Content Safety according to paragraph 4-6? A．It deals only with visual information to guarantee a secure digital world. B．It is the best product created to prevent misleading information in history. C．It assesses the seriousness of specific information by using different languages. D．It’s committed to accuracy, reliability and appropriateness of AI-generated contents. 110．The text is probably followed by a paragraph about . A．the application of Azure AI Content Safety to users’ language learning. B．the details of price choices when purchasing Azure AI Content Safety. C．the comparison of Azure AI Content Safety and other similar products. D．the examples of Azure AI Content Safety to solve technical problems. （二十八） （23-24高二上·河南驻马店·期中）Bottlenose dolphin moms adapt their individually special whistles (口哨) when their babies are nearby. This “parentese” might increase attention, bonding (联系) and vocal learning in babies, as it seems to do in humans. During the first few months of life, each common bottlenose dolphin develops a unique tune, or signature whistle, similar to a name. The dolphins shout out their own “names” in the water “likely as a way to keep track of each other,” says marine biologist Laela Sayigh. But dolphin moms seem to adjust that tune in the presence of their babies, which tend to stick by mom’s side for three to six years. Sayigh and colleagues analyzed signature whistles from 19 female dolphins both with and without their babies close by. Audio recordings were got from a wild population that lives near Sarasota Bay, Fla., during catch-and-release health assessments that occurred from 1984 to 2018. The researchers examined 40 examples of each dolphin’s signature whistle, confirmed by the unique way each vocalization’s frequencies change over time. Half of each dolphin’s whistles were voiced in the presence of her baby. When youngsters were around, the moms’ whistles contained,  on average, a higher maximum and slightly lower minimum pitch(音高)compared with those voiced in the absence of babies, contributing to an overall widened pitch range. These whistle adjustments echo baby talk because human caregivers use real words and language, just with certain inflections (变调), Sayigh says. Formally called child-directed communication, these inflections typically involve higher pitches and a wider pitch range, like what was observed in the dolphins. “Bottlenose dolphins are a main candidate for child-directed communication,” says Quincy Gibson, a marine mammal behavioral ecologist. Similar to humans, these dolphins form strong mother-baby bonds and learn vocalizations. But to confirm this study’s results, scientists should analyze signature whistles of freely swimming, uncontrolled dolphin moms, notes Gibson. “We do need to look at this question in more natural and undisturbed conditions.” Still, Gibson says, “The idea that there might be similar forces driving parentese in such different species is just really cool.” 111．What can be learned about a bottlenose dolphin’s signature whistle? A．It warns of danger. B．It’s voiced by females. C．It’s targeted at babies. D．It varies individually. 112．What kind of whistles did a dolphin mom give with her babies nearby? A．Whistles with a stable frequency. B．Whistles hard to record. C．Whistles with a broader pitch range. D．Whistles with a lower maximum pitch. 113．According to Gibson, the study would be more convincing if_________. A．more dolphins had been involved B．the subjects had included different species C．the dolphins had been studied in the natural environment D．the dolphins had been studied when they were younger 114．What could be a suitable title for the text? A．Dolphins and Humans Have Much in Common B．Bottlenose Dolphins Communicate Like Humans C．Dolphin Moms Use Baby Talk to Bond with Young D．Dolphins Have a Highly Advanced Spoken Language （二十九） （23-24高二上·山东菏泽·期中）Language changes all the time. New words and phrases appear. The words used by young people in the UK are different from those used by adults. Living in a multicultural (多元文化的) society has an effect on language, especially on the language of the young people, whose friends are often from a mix of backgrounds. Young British people use lots of language that you usually can’t find in many dictionaries. These extremely informal words and expressions are known as “slang (俚语)”. It is not possible to make a complete list of modern British slang — by the time the list was finished, it would be out of date! New words come and go like fashion. However, not everybody uses slang and not everybody likes it. A school in Sheffield, in the north of England, recently instructed its students to stop using slang words. The head teacher says that if young people learn to speak “correctly”, it will help them get a place at university and a good job. When British people use language like this, it’s not surprising that some international students say they can’t understand native speakers. But perhaps learners don’t need to worry about communicating with native speakers so much. Research shows that most of the English spoken in the world today is spoken between non-native speakers of the language. In fact, when we think about “International English”, there is no such thing as a native or a non-native speaker. So, how important is it to understand these slang words and expressions? If you watch films or television programs in English, read magazines in English, chat online in English or are interested in English song lyrics (歌词), then understanding slang can be very useful. 115．Why do young people use different words than adults? A．The young live in a more multicultural society. B．The young want to keep up with the society. C．The young come from different backgrounds. D．The young are educated differently at school. 116．What do we know about modern British slang words? A．They are constantly changing. B．They appear in many dictionaries. C．They are closely related to fashion. D．They can be included in a complete list. 117．Why are slang words forbidden in a school in Sheffield? A．Teachers there don’t like slang words. B．Using slang words harms students’ future. C．Slang words are not allowed in universities. D．Students there have poor communication skills. 118．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Slang helps us to connect to the people around. B．Non-native speakers of English needn’t learn slang. C．Slang is used in various ways in English today. D．English slang will enjoy a wider use. （三十） （23-24高二上·新疆伊犁·期中）When I was in high school, my history teacher tried an experiment with a classmate known for her enthusiastic and expressive communication style. The girl had raised her hand to answer a question, and the teacher challenged her to reply while keeping her hands folded in her lap. I’ve never forgotten the sight of her struggling to get her words out while her hands were restrained (限制) . We all, to some extent or another, talk with our hands. It’s part of how we communicate. But as Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor and psychologist at the University of Chicago, explains in her newest book, that’s just the beginning. What she discovered are an astonishing number of ways in which our hands not only help us to emphasize(or sometimes contradict) our spoken words, but they also play a vital role in how we form our ideas. As Goldin-Meadow shows, even people blind from birth use gestures. People who don’t have arms will experience a phantom (幻觉) feeling they are gesturing. We gesture when someone we’re talking to can’t see us, such as on the phone. We gesture when we’re all alone, trying to compose an email. We need to gesture to make sense of the world. “Gestures and language really are a single integrated system. It’s not just a system that linguists study,” said Goldin-Meadow. “There’s so much information that isn’t captured by our words, and by all of the conventional things that we learn from language. For that purpose, certainly as a psychologist, I think it’s very important to take these kinds of things seriously.” There’s a huge literature on body language. It really does convey lots of things-attitude perspective, sense of self, and more. Most of them are about how we feel, and our perception of our interaction. What the hands contribute—and the face can do this, too-is not just our attitudes to the conversation, but the content of the conversation. 119．What is the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To share an experiment. C．To tell an interesting story. D．To introduce a phenomenon. 120．How do gestures have an impact on communication? A．Limiting oral words B．Stressing oral words. C．Directing oral words. D．Interrupting oral words. 121．What is mostly conveyed in a speaker’s gestures? A．His habits. B．His character. C．His feelings. D．His contribution. 122．What can be the best title for the text? A．Hand Gestures: A Way We Need To Do Everyday B．Hand Gestures: A Language We Struggle To Understand C．Hand Gestures: An Easy Language Learning From Childhood D．Hand Gestures: An Important And Silent Communication Method （三十一） （23-24高二上·湖北黄冈·期中）You can see it with the naked eye and pick it up with a pair of tweezers (镊子) — not bad for a bacterium. Scientists say they have discovered the world’s largest variety in the mangroves (红树林) of Guadeloupe, putting its small peers to shame. Bacteria are the planet’s oldest life forms, essential to most living organisms. But at up to 2cmin length, the “Thiomargarita magnifica” is around 5,000 times bigger than most bacteria and has a more complex structure, according to a study published in the journal Science. The discovery “shakes up a lot of knowledge” in microbiology, co-author of the study Olivier Gros said. In his laboratory, Professor Gros was amazed at a test tube holding white strands (细丝). Originally, he thought it was “anything but a bacterium” because normal bacteria are only between 1-5 micrometers long. The largest-known bacterium until now had a maximum length of around 750 micrometers. This species averages 10,000 micrometers (around 1cm), with some growing up to twice that length. Techniques revealed it was a bacterial organism, but there was no guarantee it was a single cell. Associate Professor Silvina Gonzalez-Rizzo found it belonged to the Thiomargarita family. Next a researcher in Paris suggested they were indeed dealing with just one cell — but a first attempt at peer review a few years later was abandoned. “We were told, ‘This is interesting, but we lack the information to believe you’,” Professor Gros said, adding that they needed stronger images to provide proof. Then with financial backing and access to some of the best tools in the field, Dr Jean-Marie Volland and his colleagues began building up a picture of the bacterium. It was clearly enormous by bacterial standards. Scaled up (增大) to human proportions, it would be like meeting someone as tall as Mount Qomolangma”, Dr Volland said. Specialist 3D microscope images finally made it possible to prove that the entire strand was indeed a single cell. They also helped Dr Volland make a “completely unexpected” discovery. Normally, a bacterium’s DNA floats freely in the cell. But in this giant species, it is pressed firmly in small structures, which are “normally a feature of human, animal and plant cells, complex organisms... but not bacteria,” Dr Volland said. 123．What does the underlined word “peers” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．other bacteria B．other scientists C．a pair of tweezers D．mangroves in other places 124．What can we learn about Professor Gros’ initial judgment on the white strands? A．It was confirmed by Silvina Gonzalez-Rizzo. B．It represented a breakthrough in the field of microbiology. C．It was made based on his previous knowledge about bacteria. D．It gave inspiration to other scientists’ research on the strands’ structure. 125．What did researchers need to provide to prove their findings? A．The process of their research. B．Data on the weight of a single cell. C．Stronger pictures of the bacterium. D．Comparison among various bacteria. 126．What is another discovery about the “Thiomargarita magnifica” according to the last paragraph? A．It has the feature of complex organisms. B．Its DNA floats freely inside it. C．Its length is twice its width. D．It is a single cell. （三十二） （23-24高二上·贵州贵阳·期中）Do you speak a dialect (方言) in daily life? While many Chinese people speak Mandarin (普通话), some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project (中国语言资源保护工程) a few years ago. This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. Their languages include 103 dialects that are almost gone. It has helped China to build the largest language resource library in the world. There’s an online library where people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips (音频) and over 5 million videos. Why is it important to protect the dialect culture? According to British linguist Harold Palmer, dialects are a key to store local cultures. Language faithfully shows the history, the beliefs and the biases (偏见) of an area, he said. Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his concerns of the disappearing of dialects, “For about over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. Meanwhile, young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear,” he said. So how did China make this big library? “A big national effort has been put into the project to make it happen,” said Cao Zhiyun, chief expert on the project. Over five years, more than 350 universities and research groups joined in, along with over 4,500 experts and more than 6,000 dialect speakers. The project is now entering into its second part. This includes creating digital tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people learn dialects. 127．What is the purpose of the project? A．To teach people Mandarin. B．To protect dialects. C．To develop people’s speaking skills. D．To show ways of talking. 128．How many audio clips are collected in this project? A．103. B．1,712. C．5 million. D．Over 5.6 million. 129．What is the situation of Wu dialect according to Zhang Hongming? A．It is in danger of disappearance. B．It is widely spoken in Suzhou. C．It has more than 6,000 dialect speakers. D．It is taught in more than 350 universities. 130．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．China online language resource library. B．Cao Zhiyun, chief expert on the project. C．The Chinese Language Resources Protection Project. D．Zhang Hongming, a scholar of Chinese dialect protection. （三十三） （23-24高二上·河北保定·期中）Humans have always been working Earth’s land, and they also have always been studying and hoping to work the land of Mars one day. Planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference reported that Martian dirt may have all the necessary nutrients for growing rice, one of humankind’s most important foods. However, he emphasizes that the plant may need a bit of help to survive in perchlorate (高氯酸盐), a chemical that can be harmful to plants and has been detected on the surface of Mars. Ramachandran says they want to send humans to Mars, but they cannot take everything there, especially food. He thinks it’s going to be expensive, but growing rice there would be ideal. Ramachandran and his colleagues grew rice plants in a Martian soil simulant (模拟物). They also grew rice in pure potting mix as well as several mixtures of the potting mix and soil simulant. All pots were watered once or twice a day. The team found rice plants did grow in the artificial dirt of Mars. However, the plants developed slighter shoots and thinner roots than the plants that grew from the potting mix and hybrid soils. The researchers also tried growing rice in soil with added perchlorate. They sourced some rice varieties—modified to stand environmental stressors like drought—and grew them in Mars-like dirt with and without perchlorate. No rice plants grew in a concentration of 3 g of perchlorate per kilogram of soil. But when the concentration was just I g per kilogram, one of the rice varieties grew both a shoot and a root, while another managed to grow a root. The findings are encouraging, suggesting that by changing to improve with one successful modified gene, humans might eventually be able to develop a rice cultivar suitable for Mars. 131．What does Ramachandran stress about growing rice on Mars in paragraph 2? A．The challenge. B．The reason. C．The benefit. D．The purpose. 132．Why do the scientists want to plant rice on Mars? A．To purify the Martian air. B．To feed Martian explorers. C．To test the Martian soil simulant. D．To improve the Martian soil environment. 133．What can we learn about rice plants from the experiments? A．Their weight ranged from 1 g to 3 g. B．They stopped growing in Mars-like dirt. C．They never developed roots in soil with perchlorate. D．Their growth was affected by perchlorate’s concentration. 134．What is the author’s attitude to the research findings? A．Suspicious. B．Critical. C．Positive. D．Curious. 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高二上·安徽黄山·期中）For most ordinary purposes, machine translation (MT) has got a lot better in the past years. The biggest source of improvement has been the adoption of “deep learning” in training translating systems. But improvement has also come about through the expansion of clever companies solving individual tasks. Some have created specialist dictionaries so that important terms can be translated accurately and consistently. Other inventions combine MT with a human translator’s editing tools, which means translators spend most of their time checking and perfecting MT output, rather than doing the work of the translating themselves. For some translators, being a machine’s editor may sound depressing. This can be seen the other way around, however. A human repeatedly translating identical formulae can get bored. Allowing the machine to do these boring jobs frees the translator to apply specialized knowledge, solving more intellectually satisfying problems. What are those problems? One Madrid-based translator for a big law firm describes a recent task. It involved making a critical distinction in a legal document: a Spanish word (dolo) that’s properly translated as “wilful misconduct” was translated only as “misconduct” by software. Since the law requires considerably severer punishment when the misconduct is “wilful”, the omission (省略) was potentially disastrous. Today, many translation firms are proud of using MT, not as a crutch (依赖) but as a means to cut costs and turnaround times. Part of their job becomes knowing what can be automated and what cannot. Instruction manuals can be left to MT while others like a novel legal argument cannot. The bad news for some translators is that a tap of repeatable, easy work is being turned off. The good news is that what remains will be brain-challenging stuff for people who know a language and something else. Tales of artificial intelligence usually test humans against machines. But the translators of the future will be neither entirely human nor machine. They will be human beings with mechanical enhancements. 1．What can we learn about machine translation from paragraph 1? A．It has been mostly used by specialists. B．Lots of efforts have been made to improve it. C．Some clever companies have made a fortune from it. D．It has replaced human translators in some simple tasks. 2．What can be inferred from the case mentioned by the Madrid-based translator? A．Experienced translators are hard to find. B．Machine translation can be inaccurate. C．Machine translation has led to many misjudgments. D．It is difficult for translators to tell“wilful misconduct”from“misconduct”. 3．What is many translation firms’ attitude towards using machine translation today? A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Technology contributes to productive translators B．Translation is faced with a great technical challenge C．The translator of the future is a human-machine hybrid D．Career opportunities in the field of translation are increasing 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着科技的发展，机器翻译的质量也在不断提升，作者认为未来的翻译工作需要靠人和机器共同来完成。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“For most ordinary purposes, machine translation (MT) has got a lot better in the past years. (对于大多数普通用途，机器翻译(MT)在过去几年中有了很大的进步。)”等内容可知，人们已经为提高机器翻译的质量做出了很多努力。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It involved making a critical distinction in a legal document: a Spanish word (dolo) that’s properly translated as ‘wilful misconduct’ was translated only as ‘misconduct’ by software. Since the law requires considerably severer punishment when the misconduct is ‘wilful’, the omission (省略) was potentially disastrous. (它涉及到在一份法律文件中做出一个关键的区分：一个西班牙语单词(dolo)，正确地翻译为‘故意的不当行为’，被软件翻译成‘不当行为’。由于法律要求对‘故意’的不当行为进行相当严厉的惩罚，因此这一疏忽可能是灾难性的。)”可知，机器翻译有时可能不准确。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Today, many translation firms are proud of using MT, not as a crutch (依赖) but as a means to cut costs and turnaround times. (今天，许多翻译公司对使用机器翻译感到自豪，不是作为拐杖，而是作为削减成本和周转时间的一种手段。)”可知，今天许多翻译公司对使用机器翻译的态度是积极的。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“Tales of artificial intelligence usually test humans against machines. But the translators of the future will be neither entirely human nor machine. They will be human beings with mechanical enhancements. (人工智能的故事通常是人类与机器的较量。但未来的翻译人员既不是完全由人类也不是完全由机器完成的。他们将是具有机械增强功能的人类。)”可知，最后一段点明本文主旨：未来的翻译工作既不会全靠人力，也不会全靠机器，而是要靠人与机器共同完成。C项“未来的翻译器是人机的混合体”符合主题，故选C项。 （二） （23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Out in the Atlantic Ocean, roughly 60 miles off the northwest coast of Africa, lie the Canary Islands. In the 1950s, the boom in package tourism showed promise as a new cash crop. But while the Canary Islands had the sunshine, warm climate and ease of access from Europe needed for this new industry, they were missing a vital element picture postcard sandy beaches. So the developers on Tenerife in the Canary Islands constructed a breakwater (防波堤) over half a mile long. And then, from the Western Sahara on Africa’s northwest coast, they shipped in 270, 000 tons of sand. By 1973, the project was complete. As anticipated, tourists arrived. Along the engineered beach, rows and rows of tourists relax on beach chairs under umbrellas or walk across soft sand to cool down in the water. Unanticipated was what their presence gave to one of the world’s most endangered fish species, angel sharks — visibility. The gentle wind creates tiny waves on the water’s surface, a magical cover for what lies beneath — an angel shark nursery. Female angel sharks regularly migrate to these ideally sheltered waters to give birth to pups (幼崽), who remain in the shallows for about a year. Feeding on small fishes, they grow to around the same length as a newborn human baby. Surveys have shown that other beaches in the Canary Islands are also potential nursery sites. Interestingly, most of them have been remade to make them more attractive to people. Playa Chica has another long sweep of imported sand. It’s an attraction for divers as well as angel sharks, so the number of sightings of mature angel sharks of this shoreline is one of highest in the islands. Normally, massive, environmentally disruptive projects are bad for wildlife. But what’s clear is that after the breakwater was built and the sand arrived, people followed, and in the calm, shallow waters they began to see baby angel sharks. And unlike how many an association between humans and wildlife ends-in conflict and dead animals, this time it led to conservation. 5．Why did the developers on Tenerife carry out the project? A．To build a base for shipping. B．To boost the local tourism industry. C．To fight against the rising sea. D．To protect the island’s eco-system. 6．What was an unexpected result of the project? A．It caused the disappearance of some fishes. B．It made a magical tourist attraction. C．It gave angel sharks a home. D．It created conflicts between sharks and tourists. 7．What is the author’s attitude toward the engineered beach? A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Intolerant. 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To highlight the financial benefits of tourism. B．To introduce potential human-wildlife coexistence. C．To explain the situation of endangered species. D．To emphasize the importance of wildlife conservation. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加那利群岛通过人工造沙海滩吸引旅游的同时，意外地为濒危物种天使鲨提供了理想的繁殖地，从而促进了对该物种的保护。原本可能对环境产生负面影响的人工改造工程，在此案例中却意外成为了野生动物保护的契机，展现了人与自然可以和谐共存的可能性。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In the 1950s, the boom in package tourism showed promise as a new cash crop. But while the Canary Islands had the sunshine, warm climate and ease of access from Europe needed for this new industry, they were missing a vital element picture postcard sandy beaches.(20世纪50年代，随着包价旅游的兴起，为这个地区带来了作为新经济支柱的希望。然而，尽管加那利群岛拥有阳光、温暖的气候以及从欧洲便捷到达的条件——这些都是新兴旅游业所需的关键因素，但它们却缺少了一项构成明信片般风景的必备元素：绵延的沙滩)”及第二段“So the developers on Tenerife in the Canary Islands constructed a breakwater over half a mile long.(因此，位于加那利群岛特内里费岛的开发者建造了一条长达半英里的防波堤)”可知，特内里费的开发商实施这个项目以促进当地旅游业的发展。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Unanticipated was what their presence gave to one of the world’s most endangered fish species, angel sharks — visibility. The gentle wind creates tiny waves on the water’s surface, a magical cover for what lies beneath — an angel shark nursery. Female angel sharks regularly migrate to these ideally sheltered waters to give birth to pups, who remain in the shallows for about a year.(未曾预料的是，他们的到来为世界上最为濒危的鱼类之一——天使鲨，提供了一个被关注的机会。轻柔的风在水面上掀起了巨浪，为下面的东西提供了一个神奇的掩护——一个天使鲨托儿所。雌性天使鲨定期迁徙到这些理想的庇护水域产下幼崽，幼崽在浅滩上停留约一年)”可知，这个项目给了天使鲨一个家。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Surveys have shown that other beaches in the Canary Islands are also potential nursery sites. Interestingly, most of them have been remade to make them more attractive to people. Playa Chica has another long sweep of imported sand. It’s an attraction for divers as well as angel sharks, so the number of sightings of mature angel sharks of this shoreline is one of highest in the islands.(调查显示，加那利群岛上还有其他一些海滩也可能是天使鲨的育幼地点。有趣的是，其中大部分都经过了改造，以增加对人们的吸引力。Playa Chica是另一个人工填充沙子的长滩，它不仅吸引潜水者，也是天使鲨的聚集地，因此在这片海岸线上目击成年天使鲨的数量在岛屿中是最高的之一)”可知，这个工程使得天使鲨的数量增加，故作者对工程海滩的态度是赞成的。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Normally, massive, environmentally disruptive projects are bad for wildlife. But what’s clear is that after the breakwater was built and the sand arrived, people followed, and in the calm, shallow waters they began to see baby angel sharks. And unlike how many an association between humans and wildlife ends-in conflict and dead animals, this time it led to conservation.(通常来说，大规模且对环境造成破坏的工程项目对野生动物来说是不利的。但很明显的是，在防波堤建成和沙子运抵之后，人们接踵而至，在平静而浅的水域中，他们开始发现天使鲨宝宝。与人类与野生动物之间许多以冲突和动物死亡告终的关系不同，这次相遇却促成了保护行动)”可知，为了发展旅游业而进行的人工沙滩建设意外地为濒危的天使鲨提供了繁殖的场所，促进了这一物种的保护，故作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍人类活动与野生动物之间可能存在的共存情况。故选B项。 （三） （23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Cultural heritage sites are a nonrenewable resource. Today architectural heritage sites are being destroyed at an alarming rate. They’re threatened by rising seas, pollution, overtourism, conflicts and so on. Recently, Notre Dame Cathedral has attracted international attention. Since its main construction from 1163 to 1350, Notre Dame Cathedral repeatedly has been damaged and repaired. On April 15, 2019, the landmark’s roof caught fire, causing the collapse of its spire (尖顶) and upper walls severely damaged. Work on the site began quickly. Through the work of photographer Tomas van Houtryve, writer Robert Kunzig, and artist Fernando Baptista, people will see restoring scenes where ruins are cleared and statues saved. Even the COVID-19 pandemic caused only a two-month delay. Architects have said the expensive project is on track to be completed in 2024. And thorny questions arise. What duty do we owe the creations of our ancestors? What lesson can we draw from their presence? Humankind has answered that differently. In Dresden, Germany, the Frauenkirche, an 18th-century baroque church, was famous for its bell-shaped dome (穹顶). In February 1945, one of the most destructive bombing attacks of World War II reduced the city to ruins. After German reunion, the church was reconstructed using many of its original stones, as a symbol of peace and harmony. Berlin’s Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church also fell to bombing but had a different story. Its spire has been left a ruin on purpose to be a “warning monument” against war and destruction. Like the Frauenkirche, Notre Dame is being rebuilt as close as possible to how it was before, including using the original, toxic metal — lead (铅) — for the roof, causing the debate about how to restore and maintain historic buildings. Actually, no one claims to have the “right” answers on preservation; there may not even be right answers. What people could do is to continuously monitor the global care of cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to humanity’s past, present, and future. 9．What do we know about Notre Dame Cathedral? A．It was once threatened by conflicts. B．It collapsed totally during a fire decade ago. C．It has undergone repeated repairs since 1163. D．It was not influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. 10．What does the underlined word “thorny” mean? A．Simple. B．Tough. C．Accurate. D．Attractive. 11．Why are the Frauenkirche and Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church mentioned in para.4? A．To remind people the value of peace and harmony. B．To warn people the influence of war and destruction. C．To demonstrate different solutions to heritage site preservation. D．To introduce reconstruction methods such as using original materials. 12．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Cultural heritage sites are nonrenewable so that they are worth protecting. B．Notre Dame Cathedral has been the most attractive heritage site globally. C．The reconstruction of cultural heritage sites seldom causes disagreements. D．The reconstruction of Notre Dame Cathedral after fire has been completed. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文化遗产是一种珍贵的不可再生资源，对于修复被破坏的遗址人们持不同的观点。文章最后指出，保护文化遗产对人类的过去、现在和未来都具有重要意义，人类对于文化遗产保护所能做的最好事情就是持续监测。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Since its main construction from 1163 to 1350, Notre Dame Cathedral repeatedly has been damaged and repaired.(自1163年至1350年主楼建成以来，巴黎圣母院多次遭到破坏和修复)”可知，自1163年以来，巴黎圣母院经历了多次修复，故选C。 10．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的问题“What duty do we owe the creations of our ancestors? What lesson can we draw from their presence?(我们对祖先的创造负有什么责任？我们能从它们的存在中吸取什么教训？)”可知，对于修复受损的巴黎圣母院人们提出了疑问，有不同的声音，即出现了棘手的问题。故猜测划线词意为“棘手的”，与tough同义。故选B。 11．推理判断题。第四段首句“Humankind has answered that differently.(人类对此给出了不同的回答)”提到对于如何保存遗迹人类做法不同，接着下文“After German reunion, the church was reconstructed using many of its original stones, as a symbol of peace and harmony. Berlin’s Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church also fell to bombing but had a different story. Its spire has been left a ruin on purpose to be a ‘warning monument’ against war and destruction.(德国统一后，教堂被重建，使用了许多原来的石头，作为和平与和谐的象征。柏林的威廉皇帝纪念教堂也遭到轰炸，但情况有所不同。它的塔尖被故意留下一片废墟，作为反对战争和破坏的‘警告纪念碑’)”提到两处遗迹，一处被重建，一处被故意留下一篇废墟警示人们，故文章提到圣母教堂和威廉皇帝纪念教堂是为了说明文物保护有不同的解决办法，故选C。 12．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Cultural heritage sites are a nonrenewable resource.(文化遗产是一种不可再生的资源)”和最后一段中“What people could do is to continuously monitor the global care of cultural heritage sites, as a matter of significance to humanity’s past, present, and future.(人们所能做的是持续监测全球对文化遗产的保护，这对人类的过去、现在和未来都具有重要意义)”可知，文章主要论述了文化遗产是一种珍贵的不可再生资源，保护文化遗产对人类的过去、现在和未来都具有重要意义。A项“文化遗产是不可再生的，因此值得保护”能够总结文章大意，故选A。 （四） （23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Small planetary (行星) bodies is the big focus of space exploration in 2023 and People are eager to solve many of the mysteries about these tiny worlds. In 2023, the launching of two spacecrafts aims to explore some of the solar system’s smaller bodies, in an effort to understand how worlds become suitable habitats for humans to live in. The first task Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) was launched in April 2023 and is scheduled to land in 2031. This spacecraft from the European Space Agency (ESA) is designed to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons: Europa, Callisto and Ganymede. They are thought to have oceans of liquid water beneath their frozen shells. “The thing we are most interested in is the liquid oceans and in particular with Ganymede –we don’t know the location, the depth ,the composition of these oceans,” says ESA’s Olivier Witasse, the project scientist. “While JUICE has many goals, the most exciting one is to hunt for life there as water is crucial to life ”. Due to launch in October 2024 and arrive in 2030, the other spacecraft Psyche from NASA is named after the  asteroid (小行星) it will land. Researchers believe Psyche to be an exposed iron core of a young planet. Studying planetary cores is nearly impossible on actual planets because they are so deep underground, so Psyche could present a unique opportunity. “The core is always crucial. For the Earth, it creates magnetic field and gives off heat,” says one of the researchers of Psyche, “One of the ways to answer why Earth is habitable is to study how it was built, and Psyche is part of that story. We don’t know what we’re going to find, and if blessed, we’re going to be completely surprised because there was no previous data.” Habitability (宜居性) in our solar system is still a huge mystery, but the two spacecrafts should bring us one step closer to understanding it. 13．What is the aim of the two spacecraft launching tasks? A．To study planetary bodies. B．To solve mysteries about worlds. C．To explore the solar system. D．To understand how worlds become habitable. 14．According to Olivier Witasse, which of the following statements about JUICE is NOT true.? A．Its most important goal is to hunt for life. B．It is scheduled to travel about 8 years before it reaches its destination. C．It has found there are liquid oceans under frozen shells of Jupiter. D．It is designed by EAU to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons. 15．What can be learned from Psyche task? A．Psyche will be launched to explore Psyche. B．There was a little previous data about the asteroid. C．People have known how the earth is built through it. D．Psyche’s core creates magnetic field and gives off heat. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．Ganymede attracts particular attention of scientists of ESA． B．Psyche is key to helping people solve mysteries about space. C．JUICE is scheduled to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons. D．The launching of two spacecrafts is to help understand habitability. 【答案】13．D 14．C 15．A 16．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了2023年将发射两艘宇宙飞船来了解适合人类居住的栖息地，文章介绍了这两个航天器的任务以及意义。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 2023, the launching of two spacecrafts aims to explore some of the solar system’s smaller bodies, in an effort to understand how worlds become suitable habitats for humans to live in. (2023年，两艘宇宙飞船的发射旨在探索太阳系的一些较小的天体，以了解世界如何成为适合人类居住的栖息地)”可知，这两次航天器发射任务的目的是了解世界是否适合居住。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“This spacecraft from the European Space Agency (ESA) is designed to explore three of Jupiter’s major moons: Europa, Callisto and Ganymede. They are thought to have oceans of liquid water beneath their frozen shells.(这艘来自欧洲航天局（ESA）的航天器旨在探索木星的三个主要卫星：木卫二、木卫四和木卫三。它们被认为在冰冻的外壳下有液态水的海洋)”可知，关于JUICE的陈述中，C选项“它发现木星冰冻的外壳下有液态海洋”不正确。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段“Due to launch in October 2024 and arrive in 2030, the other spacecraft Psyche from NASA is named after the asteroid (小行星) it will land.(由于2024年10月发射，2030年到达，美国宇航局的另一艘宇宙飞船普赛克号以它将着陆的小行星命名)”可知，普赛克号将会被发射去探索普赛克。故选A。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 2023, the launching of two spacecrafts aims to explore some of the solar system’s smaller bodies, in an effort to understand how worlds become suitable habitats for humans to live in. (2023年，两艘宇宙飞船的发射旨在探索太阳系的一些较小的天体，以了解世界如何成为适合人类居住的栖息地)”以及最后一段“Habitability (宜居性) in our solar system is still a huge mystery, but the two spacecrafts should bring us one step closer to understanding it.(我们太阳系的宜居性仍然是一个巨大的谜，但这两艘宇宙飞船应该会让我们更接近了解它)”结合文章主要说明了2023年将发射两艘宇宙飞船来了解适合人类居住的栖息地，文章介绍了这两个航天器的任务以及意义。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是发射两艘宇宙飞船是为了帮助了解可居住性。故选D。 （五） （23-24高二上·湖北恩施·期中）Recent research highlights that the timing of our meals, particularly the last one of the day, can significantly affect our health. The story is not merely about what we consume, but also about when we do so. The debate about dinner timing finds substantial, scientific support with a Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) study published in Cell Metabolism in October 2022, suggesting that early dinners could have more health benefits than previously believed. And it defined an early dinner as a meal consumed three to four hours before bedtime, in line with our body’s circadian rhythm (生理节奏). The BWH study discovered clear differences in metabolic (新陈代谢的) profiles of early and late diners. Early diners demonstrated lower blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, improved fat-burning capacity, better sleep quality, and higher energy levels. Meanwhile, late dinners led to increased hunger, slower calorie burning, and higher fat storage, posing risks for conditions like diabetes(糖尿病). The exact timing of dinner isn’t a one-size-fits-all choice, as people’s routines vary widely. Maya Feller, a nutritionist based in Brooklyn, NY, emphasizes that our schedules —ranging from traditional nine-to-five to round-the-clock — are critical when considering “ideal” meal times. Therefore, finding a dinner time that fits into your schedule is essential, rather than sticking to a strict, potentially impossible timetable. Wendy Bazilian, DrPH, offers insightful tips for those whose routines may not permit an early dinner. She recommends consuming meals or snacks every three to five hours. This regular eating pattern can help . stabilize blood sugar levels, preventing the feeling of hunger. Furthermore, it’s advantageous to leave a gap of two to three hours between your last meal and bedtime. This gap ensures your body has sufficient time for most of the digestion process — letting you get adequate rest and repair during sleep. So it’s time to reconsider not just the contents of your plate, but also the clock. After all, leading a healthy lifestyle isn’t merely about counting calories but alșo understanding when and how to fuel our bodies. 17．What did the Brigham and Women’s Hospital(BWH) study mainly focus on? A．The recommended daily diet. B．Our body’s circadian rhythm. C．The drawbacks of early dinners. D．The importance of dinner timing. 18．What may be the result of having an early dinner? A．Having a strong sense of hunger. B．Storing up more fat in your body. C．Having a higher risk of diabetes. D．Enjoying a sound night’s sleep. 19．What advice does Wendy Bazilian give to the late diners? A．They’re supposed to grab some food every 5. hours. B．They’d better have access to adequate rest and repair, C．They should allow for digestion process before bedtime. D．They are advised to keep their blood sugar level stable. 20．What is the best title for the text? A．The Healthiest Time to Eat Dinner. B．We Are What We Eat. C．Benefits of Good Dietary Habits. D．Eating Less in the Evening. 【答案】17．D 18．D 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了晚餐时间对健康的影响，并提供了关于如何合理安排晚餐时间的建议，帮助读者改善健康。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The debate about dinner timing finds substantial, scientific support with a Brigham and Women’s Hospital(BWH) study published in Cell Metabolism in October 2022, suggesting that early dinners could have more health benefits than previously believed. And it defined an early dinner as a meal consumed three to four hours before bedtime, in line with our body’s circadian rhythm(生理节奏).(2022年10月，布莱根妇女医院发表在《细胞代谢》杂志上的一项研究表明，关于晚餐时间的争论得到了大量科学支持，该研究表明，早吃晚餐可能比以前认为的更有益于健康。它将早晚餐定义为睡前三到四个小时吃的饭，符合我们身体的生理节奏。)”可知，布莱根妇女医院的研究和晚餐时间的重要性有关。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Early diners demonstrated lower blood glucose(葡萄糖) levels, improved fat-burning capacity, better sleep quality, and higher energy levels.(早点吃晚饭的人的血糖水平较低，脂肪燃烧能力增强，睡眠质量更好，精力充沛。)”可知，早吃晚饭的人睡眠质量更好。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Furthermore, it’s advantageous to leave a gap of two to three hours between your last meal and bedtime. This gap ensures your body has sufficient time for most of the digestion process — letting you get adequate rest and repair during sleep.(此外，在最后一餐和就寝时间之间留出两到三个小时的间隔是有益的。这个间隙确保你的身体有足够的时间进行大部分消化过程，让你在睡眠中得到充分的休息和修复。)”可知，Wendy Bazilian建议晚吃晚饭的人在睡觉之前要留出足够的时间进行消化。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Recent research highlights that the timing of our meals, particularly the last one of the day, can significantly affect our health. The story is not merely about what we consume, but also about when we do so.(最近的研究强调，我们吃饭的时间，尤其是一天中的最后一餐，会对我们的健康产生重大影响。问题不仅在于我们吃什么，还在于我们什么时候吃。)”、第二段“The debate about dinner timing finds substantial, scientific support with a Brigham and Women’s Hospital(BWH) study published in Cell Metabolism in October 2022, suggesting that early dinners could have more health benefits than previously believed. And it defined an early dinner as a meal consumed three to four hours before bedtime, in line with our body’s circadian rhythm(生理节奏).(2022年10月，布莱根妇女医院发表在《细胞代谢》杂志上的一项研究表明，关于晚餐时间的争论得到了大量科学支持，该研究表明，早吃晚餐可能比以前认为的更有益于健康。它将早晚餐定义为睡前三到四个小时吃的饭，符合我们身体的生理节奏。)”再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了吃晚饭的最佳时间。故选A。 （六） （23-24高二上·福建厦门·期末）When I first met Nao Junior, he was in his 40s and one of only nine members of his Indigenous(土著的) group, Great Andamanese, who still spoke the idiom of his ancestors. As a language specialist, I had researched more than 80 Indian languages. I was on the islands to document their Indigenous voices before they faded into whispers. Words in this language consisted of two classes: free and bound. The free words were all nouns that referred to the environment and its inhabitants, such as ra for “pig”. They could occur alone. The bound words were nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs that always existed with markers indicating a relation to other objects, events or states. The markers came from seven zones of the body and were attached to a root word to describe concepts such as “inside”, “outside”, “upper” and “lower”. For example, the morpheme(词素) er-, which qualified most anything having to do with an outer body part, could be stuck to -cho to yield ercho, meaning “head”. Just as a head, a bound word, could not conceptually exist on its own, the mode and effect of an action could not be divided from the verb describing the action. Great Andamanese had no words for agriculture but a great many for hunting and fishing, mainly with a bow and arrow. Thus, the root word shile, meaning “to aim”, had several versions: utshile, to aim from above; arashile, to aim from a distance; and eshile, aiming to make a hole with a sharp object. The studies established that the language seems to be truly old in origin. In a multistage process of development, words describing diverse body parts had changed into morphemes referring to different zones and combined with content words to yield meaning. The structure alone provides an insight into an ancient worldview in which the macrocosm(宏观世界) reflects the microcosm, and everything that is or that happens inseparably connects to everything else. 21．What is the purpose of the author’s stay on the islands? A．To meet with an old friend. B．To teach Indigenous idioms. C．To record an ancient language. D．To trace her ancestors. 22．“Aim at a pig’s head from afar” in Great Andamanese may be ______. A．Arashile raercho B．Arashile ercho C．Eshile ercho D．Eshile raercho 23．What can we infer from the verbs in Great Andamanese? A．A verb could describe more than one action. B．Some of the verbs could be used on their own. C．The locals probably live off seafood and meat. D．The tools used in people’s daily life are diverse. 24．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Great Andamanese is the origin of multiple languages. B．Great Andamanese is a doorway to the ancient wisdom. C．Great Andamanese tells the development of the community. D．Human body shapes Great Andamanese’s unique worldview. 【答案】21．C 22．A 23．C 24．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过描述大安达曼人语言中的词汇分类、词根和词缀的组合方式，展现了这种语言背后蕴含的丰富文化和历史内涵。同时，强调了对土著语言和文化遗产的保护和重视的重要性。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段的“As a language specialist, I had researched more than 80 Indian languages.I was on the islands to document their Indigenous voices before they faded into whispers.(作为一名语言专家，我研究了80多种印度语言。我在岛上记录土著居民的声音，直到他它们渐渐消失。)”可知，作者在岛上停留的目的是记录一种古老的语言。故选C。 22．推理判断题。根据第二段的“such as ra for “pig”(比如ra代表“猪”) ”和“ercho, meaning “head”(ercho意思是“头”) ”和第三段的“arashile, to aim from a distance(Arashile表示“从远处瞄准”)”可知，“Aim at a pig’s head from afar (从远处瞄准猪头)”在大安达曼语中对应的是Arashile raercho。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Great Andamanese had no words for agriculture but a great many for hunting and fishing. (大安达曼人没有关于农业的词汇，但有很多关于狩猎和捕鱼的词汇。)”可知，当地人可能以海鲜和肉类为生。故选C。 24．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“The studies established that the language seems to be truly old in origin. In a multistage process of development, words describing diverse body parts had changed into morphemes referring to different zones and combined with content words to yield meaning. The structure alone provides an insight into an ancient worldview in which the macrocosm reflects the microcosm, and everything that is or that happens inseparably connects to everything else.(这些研究证实，这种语言的起源似乎真的很古老。在一个多阶段的发展过程中，描述不同身体部位的词语变成了指代不同区域的语素，并与实义词结合产生意义。这个结构本身就提供了一种对古代世界观的洞察，在这种世界观中，宏观世界反映了微观世界，所有存在或发生的事情都与其他事物不可分割地联系在一起。)”可知，本段主要讲的是通过研究大安达曼语可以发现古代的世界观，即打开古老智慧的大门。故选B。 （七） （23-24高二上·广东肇庆·期中）As much as I love the rides in theme parks, my favorite part of the experience is the live entertainment. Whether it’s a parade, stage show, “streetmosphere”, or even an impressive nighttime show, I just love the energy that a live performance can bring to a space. It is not uncommon for me to visit a theme park and go on one ride and spend the rest of the time just enjoying the atmosphere. No matter how many times I ride an attraction, I’m having the same experience. But with live entertainment, it constantly changes. Different performers bring their own touch to the show. Even when things go wrong in a live situation, I find it fascinating to see how it is covered. There is an impressive art to fixing an error, or sometimes even making it a comedic moment. But because these live performances aren’t bolted (固定) to the ground and are easily influenced, they are often the first thing to get removed from the parks when there is a shortage of money. As much as I understand this business decision, it feels shortsighted. The parks simply don’t feel alive when live entertainment is missing. Without it, a theme park is just a group of people walking quickly from one ride to the next. We are certainly living in an unprecedented time, but I’m happy to see that theme parks have found creative ways to make sure there is some sort of live entertainment put on safe. Most parks are having their characters and performances visible from a distance. One of my favorite examples of this was shared by @Attractions on Twitter, where Winnie the Pooh was frolicking around Epcot and trying to catch a butterfly. This is such a great example of what can be done with characters and live entertainers in a time when the “norm” isn’t possible, I honestly hope that these special moments remain once it’s safe for the meet-and-greets and close-up interactions to return. 25．What does the author like best in a theme park? A．Joining its parades. B．Observing its visitors. C．Trying its various rides. D．Enjoying its live shows. 26．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The error. B．The show. C．The reason. D．The attention. 27．What does the author think of the business decision in paragraph 3? A．It will bring theme parks more business. B．It will make theme parks easily influenced C．It will make theme park rides more popular. D．It will take away the liveliness of theme parks. 28．Why does the author mention Winnie the Pooh? A．To explain what theme parks can do to stay B．To show its popularity among theme park visitors. C．To explain what characters can do to get closer to visitors. D．To show the influence special times can have on theme park. 【答案】25．D 26．A 27．D 28．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了作者认为主题公园里的现场娱乐表演让公园更有活力，体验更好。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段的“As much as I love the rides in theme parks, my favorite part of the experience is the live entertainment. Whether it’s a parade, stage show, “streetmosphere”, or even an impressive nighttime show, I just love the energy that a live performance can bring to a space. ( 虽然我很喜欢主题公园里的游乐设施，但我最喜欢的部分是现场娱乐。无论是游行、舞台表演、“街头氛围”，甚至是令人印象深刻的夜间表演，我喜欢现场表演给空间带来的活力。)”可知，作者在主题公园里，最喜欢做的事情是欣赏现场表演。故选D。 26．词义猜测题。根据画线句和下文“Even when things go wrong in a live situation, I find it fascinating to see how it is covered. There is an impressive art to fixing an error, or sometimes even making it a comedic moment.( 即使在现场情形中出了问题，我也很高兴看到人们是如何掩盖它的。修正错误是一门令人印象深刻的艺术，有时甚至会使它成为一个喜剧时刻。)”可知，it指代前文提到的“things go wrong”，即下文的“error”。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据第三段的“As much as I understand this business decision, it feels shortsighted. The parks simply don’t feel alive when live entertainment is missing. (尽管我了解这一商业决策，单数感觉它是目光短浅的。当现场表演不见的时候，公园就会没有活力。)”可知，对于这个商业决定，作者认为它会带走主题公园的活力。故选D。 28．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“One of my favorite examples of this was shared by @Attractions on Twitter, where Winnie the Pooh was frolicking around Epcot and trying to catch a butterfly. This is such a great example of what can be done with characters and live entertainers in a time when the “norm” isn’t possible, I honestly hope that these special moments remain once it’s safe for the meet-and-greets and close-up interactions to return.( 我最喜欢的一个例子是推特上的@Attractions分享的，小熊维尼在未来世界里嬉戏，试图抓一只蝴蝶。这是一个很好的例子，说明在一个“规范”不可能实现的时代，角色和现场艺人可以做些什么，我真诚地希望一旦见面和近距离互动安全了这些特殊的时刻能够保留下来。)”可知，作者希望在近距离互动安全的时候，可以把像小熊维尼这样的特殊时刻保留下来，因此推断提到小熊维尼是为了解释主题公园里角色可以做些什么接近观众。故选C。 （八） （23-24高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather than the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target. There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for special occasions. One softball-sized strawberry, for instance, can cost as much as ¥500,000 JPY ($3,346 USD). Several districts have recently witnessed an alarming rise in fruit theft. Yamanashi Prefecture, for instance, lost an shocking ¥8,500,000 JPY ($56,890 USD) from 40 cases of missing fruit in the last four months. It is so bad, in fact, that local firefighters and private security guards are going around and checking the area at night to ensure the safety of the fruits. The same thing happened to another peach farm located in Fuefuki City when farmers were aware that 1,400 peaches went missing out of the blue. Another top farming company in Yamanashi City lost 1,500 peaches just two days later. Peaches were not the only luxury fruit being targeted in the past few months. Just last September 28,400 bunches of grapes went missing in the Yamanashi Prefecture. The total loss amounted to ¥350,000 ($2,343 USD). Farm owners are now increasing their security measures to prevent this rise in theft. They are paying a fortune to employ local private security guards to patrol around the clock when fruits are ripe. Even they are about to install a monitoring system to watch over the farm at all times, which serves as a threat to thieves. If thefts do happen, they can call the police. 29．What unusual item is currently being stolen more frequently in Japan? A．Quality fruits. B．Watches. C．Luxury cars. D．Jewelry. 30．Why are these quality fruits in Japan so valuable? A．They have unique flavors. B．They are always given as gifts. C．They are less expensive than other luxury items. D．They are grown by hand to meet high quality standards. 31．Why did the article mention the price of a softball-sized strawberry? A．To highlight the size of the stolen fruits. B．To provide an example of a stolen fruit. C．To emphasize the high cost of luxury fruits. D．To explain the popularity of strawberries in Japan. 32．What is the primary purpose of the article? A．To stress the value of luxury fruits in Japan. B．To show the rise in theft of luxury items in Japan. C．To describe the efforts to fight fruit thefts in Japan. D．To promote the growth of the quality fruit market in Japan. 【答案】29．A 30．D 31．C 32．A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了在日本奢侈水果价格昂贵，经常被偷的情况。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段的“A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather than the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target. There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. ( 在日本，有一样东西被偷的次数比以往任何时候都多。日本小偷的目标不是通常的名表、名车或珠宝，而是水果。高质量的水果是手工种植的，以确保它们在外观和味道上达到高标准，这是一个繁荣的市场。)”可知，现在在日本经常被偷的东西是优质水果。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for special occasions.(有一个繁荣的高品质水果市场，这些水果都是手工种植的，以确保它们在外观和味道上达到高标准。日本的个人和公司经常购买它们作为特殊场合的礼物。)”可知，优质水果之所以珍贵，是因为它们是手工种植的，外观和味道上达到了很高的标准。故选D。 31．推理判断题。第一段的“There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for special occasions.(有一个繁荣的高品质水果市场，这些水果都是手工种植的，以确保它们在外观和味道上达到高标准。日本的个人和公司经常购买它们作为特殊场合的礼物。)”讲述了在日本的优质水果非常珍贵，接下来第二段举例“One softball-sized strawberry, for instance, can cost as much as ¥500,000 JPY($3,346 USD).(例如，一个垒球大小的草莓售价高达50万日元(3346美元)。)”是为了强调这种奢侈水果的高价。故选C。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段“A certain item is being stolen more than ever in Japan. Rather than the usual luxury watches, cars, or jewelry, thieves in Japan are picking fruits as their target. There is a thriving market for quality fruits which are grown by hand to ensure they reach high standards for appearance and taste. Japanese individuals and companies often buy them as gifts for special occasions.( 在日本，有一样东西被偷的次数比以往任何时候都多。日本小偷的目标不是通常的名表、名车或珠宝，而是水果。高质量的水果是手工种植的，以确保它们在外观和味道上达到高标准，这是一个繁荣的市场。日本的个人和公司经常购买它们作为特殊场合的礼物。)”以及下文关于水果的昂贵和不断的失窃的讲述可知，文章的主要目的是强调日本的奢侈水果的昂贵。故选A。 （九） （23-24高二上·安徽滁州·期中）Mexico City is making various strategies to fight against severe water shortage, as a years-long lack of rainfall continues to impact the local water supply. The water crisis is a direct result of falling levels of rain within the Cutzamala System, which supplies the city of nearly 10 million people, and of its primary water source, the Valle de Bravo reservoir. Levels at the reservoir have fallen significantly after years of limited rainfall. “Mexico currently has a major problem in terms of water due to climate change,” Sandra Lopez, a research er at the public policy research center Mexican Institute for Competitiveness, said. “But it can also be very much linked to the country’s management problems, since we have different factors, such as the fact that not enough resources and financing have been allocated to management.” This, for obvious reasons, means that the population and Mexican society in general is experiencing water stress, which we are only just identifying as a potential problem. The water shortage affects about one-fourth of the population in the Mexican capital, which is witnessing daily water disruptions (中断) in various areas, making it difficult for residents to undertake essential tasks such as cooking, cleaning and bathing. “In the neighborhood where I am, they start to cut off the water supply at about 1 1 am. It comes very slowly,” Sergio Ramos, a clerk at Navycar car wash in Mexico City, said. The water supply only lasts seven or eight hours a day, he said. Amid the continuing crisis, the federal, state and city governments are urging citizens to conserve water by fixing faulty faucets (水龙头), making use of waste water, and taking shorter showers. These actions, aimed at reducing consumption, could contribute to extending the city’s water supply. With the shortage projected to last until May, water conservation efforts will have to continue for some time. Some citizens are actively employing measures such as using rainwater or bottled water, while the government is pursuing additional strategies, including reducing water consumption in public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and making a plan to augment the city’s water supply. Educational initiatives are also underway to the Cutzamala System. “The Cutzamala System dams are at low storage levels due to the lack of rain and the drought in the country,” said Mexico City Water System, which manages the city’s drinking water supply. “In this context, at the same time there have been low levels of storage in the tanks that distribute water in the Azcapotzalco district.” The National Water Commission, or Conagua, explained that there is a 29 percent deficit(缺乏)in the country’s reservoirs, compared with historical data for November. 33．What did Sandra Lopez mainly convey in Paragraph 2? A．Expenses of developing water resources. B．Ways of protecting the water sources. C．Influences of the water shortage. D．Reasons for the water shortage. 34．Which measure isn’t recommended by the governments but is taken by some citizens? A．Repairing faulty faucets. B．Using rainwater or bottled water. C．Making the most of waste water. D．Using traditional water-saving devices. 35．Which can replace the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 4? A．Manage. B．Increase. C．Investigate. D．Classify. 36．What can be the best title for the news report? A．Mexico City battles severe water crisis B．Years-long lack of rainfall in Mexico City C．Mexico adjusts distribution of water supply D．Cutzamala System supplies Mexico City with water 【答案】33．D 34．B 35．B 36．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了墨西哥城为了应对水资源短缺所采取的一些措施。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“But it can also be very much linked to the country’s management problems, since we have different factors, such as the fact that not enough resources and financing have been allocated to management.(但是，它也可能与国家的管理问题有很大的联系，因为我们有不同的因素，例如没有为管理分配足够的资源和资金)”可知，Sandra Lopez在第二段主要表达了水资源短缺的原因。故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段“Some citizens are actively employing measures such as using rainwater or bottled water, while the government is pursuing additional strategies, including reducing water consumption in public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and making a plan to augment the city’s water supply.(部分市民积极采取雨水或瓶装水等对策，政府也在推进减少公共建筑用水量、使用创新节水设备、制定扩大城市供水计划等对策)”可知，使用雨水或瓶装水是一些公民采取的措施。故选B。 35．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“the government is pursuing additional strategies, including reducing water consumption in public buildings, using innovative water-saving devices, and making a plan to”以及后文“the city’s water supply”可知，政府也在推进减少公共建筑用水量、使用创新节水设备、制定扩大城市供水计划等对策。故划线词意思是“增加，扩大”的意思。故选B。 36．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mexico City is making various strategies to fight against severe water shortage, as a years-long lack of rainfall continues to impact the local water supply.(墨西哥城正在制定各种策略来应对严重的水资源短缺，因为长达数年的降雨不足继续影响着当地的供水)”结合文章主要说明了墨西哥城为了应对水资源短缺所采取的一些措施，故A选项“墨西哥城与严重的水危机作斗争”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （十） （23-24高二上·黑龙江伊春·期中）Greece has criticized the United Kingdom for canceling (取消) a planned meeting between Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis and UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, apparently so that Sunak could avoid talking about ancient artefacts (历史文物) that Greece says were taken illegally. Mitsotakis and Sunak were set to meet on Tuesday, but Sunak canceled it on Monday, reportedly after learning that Mitsotakis planned to talk about the Parthenon sculptures. The UK government initially believed Mitsotakis would not talk about the sculptures, which are now in the British Museum. The sculptures were once part of the Parthenon in the Greek capital Athens. The row (纠纷) became more serious after Mitsotakis told the BBC on Sunday the UK’s offer to store some of the sculptures in London and some in Athens was akin to cutting the Mona Lisa in two. He also said the sculptures had been essentially stolen. Mitsotakis said he was deeply disappointed by the abrupt cancellation of the meeting. “Those who firmly believe in the correctness and justice of their positions are never hesitant to engage in constructive argument and debate,” he was quoted by The Associated Press as saying. The BBC reported that sources in the Greek government were puzzled and annoyed by the meeting cancellation. Greece has long criticized the way in which the Parthenon sculptures ended up in London, after they were bought by British diplomat Lord Elgin and shipped to the UK between 1801 and 1804. Because the two nations disagree on the legality of the deal and have firm positions, they have tended to avoid talking about the issue during high-level diplomatic meetings. The UK’s Transport Secretary Mark Harper said on the BBC’s Breakfast program on Tuesday that it was regretful that the prime ministers would not meet during Mitsotakis’UK visit. He said Mitsotakis had been offered the chance to meet instead the UK’s deputy prime minister, Oliver Dowden, but he had refused the meeting. “The views of Greece on the Parthenon sculptures are well known,” Mitsotakis was quoted by The Guardian as saying. “I had hoped to have the opportunity to discuss them with UK Prime Minister along with other international challenges. ” The UK’s opposition Labour Party criticized Sunak for canceling the meeting and said his behavior appeared disrespectful. 37．Which can replace the underlined phrase “akin to” in paragraph 2? A．Contrary to. B．Similar to. C．Relevant to. D．Adapted to 38．How did the Parthenon sculptures end up being in Great Britain? A．An Englishman purchased them and sent them there. B．Some stole them and sold them to a British diplomat. C．The then Greek government presented them to the UK as a gift. D．The then British army took them by force and transported them there. 39．Why did Mitsotakis refuse to meet the UK’s deputy prime minister, Oliver Dowden? A．He was too occupied with other affairs. B．He was supposed to meet UK Prime Minister. C．He didn’t approve of his words and behaviors. D．He had arranged for another official to meet him. 40．What is the best title for the news report? A．Sunak and Mitsotakis set to meet on Tuesday B．Mitsotakis thinks highly of Greece artefacts stored in UK C．Mitsotakis plans to take back Parthenon sculptures from UK D．Greece’s arguing with UK about artefacts sparks diplomatic row 【答案】37．B 38．A 39．B 40．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了希腊因为非法获取的古代文物一事批评了英国取消会晤计划，文章介绍了这些文物的情况以及相关人员对此的看法。 37．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“the UK’s offer to store some of the sculptures in London and some in Athens”以及后文“”可知，英国提议将部分雕塑存放在伦敦，部分存放在雅典，这一做法和把《蒙娜丽莎》切成两半类似。可知该短语是“和……类似”的意思。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段“Greece has long criticized the way in which the Parthenon sculptures ended up in London, after they were bought by British diplomat Lord Elgin and shipped to the UK between 1801 and 1804.(帕台农神庙的雕塑在1801年至1804年间被英国外交官埃尔金勋爵购买并运往英国，希腊长期以来一直批评它们最终流入伦敦的方式)”可知，帕台农神庙的雕塑是一个英国人购买了它们并把它们送到了英国。故选A。 39．推理判断题。根据第五段“The UK’s Transport Secretary Mark Harper said on the BBC’s Breakfast program on Tuesday that it was regretful that the prime ministers would not meet during Mitsotakis’UK visit. He said Mitsotakis had been offered the chance to meet instead the UK’s deputy prime minister, Oliver Dowden, but he had refused the meeting.(英国交通大臣马克·哈珀周二在BBC的早餐节目中表示，很遗憾两国总理在米佐塔基斯访英期间没有会面。他说，米佐塔基斯曾有机会与英国副首相奥利弗·道登会面，但他拒绝了会面)”以及“I had hoped to have the opportunity to discuss them with UK Prime Minister along with other international challenges.(我希望有机会与英国首相讨论这些问题以及其他国际挑战)”可知，米佐塔基斯拒绝与英国副首相奥利弗•道登会面是因为他应该会见英国首相。故选B。 40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Greece has criticized the United Kingdom for canceling(取消) a planned meeting between Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis and UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, apparently so that Sunak could avoid talking about ancient artefacts(历史文物) that Greece says were taken illegally.(希腊批评英国取消总理基里亚科斯·米佐塔基斯和英国首相里希·苏纳克的会晤计划，显然是为了让苏纳克避免谈论希腊所说的非法获取的古代文物)”结合文章主要说明了希腊因为非法获取的古代文物一事批评了英国取消会晤计划，文章介绍了这些文物的情况以及相关人员对此的看法。故D选项“希腊与英国关于文物的争论引发了外交争端”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （十一） （23-24高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）There are just two species of flowering plant native to the Antarctic peninsula (半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice begins to melt, according to a new study. One is Antarctic hair grass, which grew as much in 2009—2019 as it had in the previous 50 years; the other is Antarctic pearl wort, which has seen the speed of growth increase five times over the same period. A team led by Nicoletta Cannone, a researcher from the University of Insubria, Italy, measured the growth of Antarctica’s two native plants at sites on Signy Island. The results were shocking: the sites have not only seen faster growth, but they have become more densely populated by the plants each year, which indicates the climate has got warmer. According to nonprofit Discovering Antarctica, the region’s temperatures have warmed by an average of 3°C as a result of human-caused climate change, meaning once stable ice shelves are now narrowing down. In some parts, that has given way to land now habitable to the two plant species. Peter Convey, at the British Antarctic Survey, told the New Scientist: “The most novel feature of this is not that something is growing faster but that we’re starting to see what is almost like a step change or a tipping point.” And Matthew Davey, at the Scottish Association for Marine Science in Oban, UK, added: “Increasing expansion is now clearly evident in the region. This research gives us the first all-sided data showing how fast and how dense the plant community may expand.” The researchers acknowledged there could be other factors at play causing the plants’ growth, such as the decreasing fur seal population—but this also is linked to climate change. Meanwhile, as the land becomes more habitable, non-native species could also occupy the land and grow more than native plants, which could in turn destabilize long-established local ecosystems. “If we estimate what we observed on Signy Island to other sites in Antarctica, a similar process can also occur,” said Cannone “This means the Antarctic landscape and biodiversity could change rapidly. And that really concerns all.” 41．According to the article, what factors play a role in the fast growth of the two native plants? A．The climate getting warmer. B．The fur seal population rising. C．The non-native plants occupying the land. D．The quality of the soil of the land improving. 42．What does the underlined word “destabilize” mean in the last paragraph but one? A．Strengthen. B．Change. C．Benefit. D．Narrow. 43．What’s the researchers’ main concern regarding the growth of flowering plants in Antarctica? A．The decrease of fur seal population. B．The occupation of non-native species. C．The impact of human-caused climate change. D．The rapid change in Antarctic landscape and biodiversity. 44．Which of the following is the suitable title for the text? A．Scientists Working in Antarctica. B．Native Flowering Plants in Antarctica. C．The Effect of Global Warming on Antarctica. D．Non-native Plant Species in Antarctica. 【答案】41．A 42．B 43．D 44．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明全球变暖给南极洲带来了影响。 41．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There are just two species of flowering plant native to the Antarctic peninsula(半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice begins to melt, according to a new study.( 根据一项新的研究，两种原产于南极半岛的开花植物，随着气温上升和冰开始融化，它们正以创纪录的速度生长。)”可知，气温变暖使得这两种原生植物生长得如此之快。故选A。 42．词句猜测题。分析句子可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句“Meanwhile, as the land becomes more habitable, non-native species could also occupy the land and grow more than native plants(同时，随着土地变得更适合居住，非本地物种也可能占据土地，比本地植物生长得更多)”，因此推断，非本土植物生长过快会改变本地长期建立的生态系统。故划线词与B项意思一致。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据最后一段““If we estimate what we observed on Signy Island to other sites in Antarctica, a similar process can also occur,” said Cannone “This means the Antarctic landscape and biodiversity could change rapidly. And that really concerns all.”(“如果我们把我们在西格尼岛观察到的情况估计到南极洲的其他地方，类似的过程也会发生，”坎农说，“这意味着南极的景观和生物多样性可能会迅速改变。”这确实关系到所有人。”)”可知，研究人员对南极洲开花植物生长的主要担心是南极景观和生物多样性的快速变化。故选D。 44．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“There are just two species of flowering plant native to the Antarctic peninsula(半岛), which are now growing at record rates as temperatures rise and ice begins to melt, according to a new study.( 根据一项新的研究，有两种原产于南极半岛的开花植物，随着气温上升和冰开始融化，它们正以创纪录的速度生长。)”，第二段的“The results were shocking: the sites have not only seen faster growth, but they have become more densely populated by the plants each year, which indicates the climate has got warmer.( 结果令人震惊：这些地点不仅生长速度更快，而且每年植物的密度也越来越大，这表明气候正在变暖。)”和下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了全球变暖给南极带来的影响。因此C项“全球变暖对南极洲的影响。”适合用作本文的标题。故选C。 （十二） （23-24高二上·湖北十堰·期中）In March, 2023, a group of computer scientists published an assessment of a new chatbot with artificial intelligence (AI). The team’s report drew global attention to one test in particular: We have a book, nine eggs, a laptop, a bottle and a nail, and please tell me how to pile them onto each other in a stable manner. This is a tough puzzle. Earlier versions of the chatbot gave silly and unreasonable answers. But the new chatbot’s unique answer helped set off the current global wave of AI advocacy and anxiety. It fueled debate about how large language models (LLMs) were able to perform creative tasks. By 2022, LLMs were being trained on as many as 17 trillion words of human-generated text, mainly from the Internet. It was certain that the new chatbot was exposed to functional fixedness (功能固着) problems in its training. The researchers were of course aware of that and invented the “eggs and laptop” puzzle to prevent the new chatbot from dishonestly copying an answer from the Internet. LLMs used language statistics only. No one had said how to pile these nine eggs on top of each other ever before. The extreme rarity of those words would tend to prevent LLMs from talking about piling eggs in unrealistic ways. One of the researchers that tested the new chatbot thinks it’s likely that an LLM trained on trillions of words creates a world model, and this is what gives it the “magical” extrapolation (外推) properties. Are LLMs truly original or are they just plagiarists (剽窃者)? The two statements may not be as different as they seem. There’s nothing entirely new under the sun. Edison did not invent the light bulb but improved it. Most so-called creators apply knowledge from different fields to a problem and arrive at a solution. It’s more a matter of making relevant connections than of inventing something completely new. If LLMs are indeed acquiring the ability to make relevant connections, that would be a historic but discomforting development. 45．What do we know about the new chatbot’s answer to the puzzle in paragraph 1? A．It was silly. B．It set people thinking. C．It drew little attention. D．It highlighted language innovation. 46．Why did the researchers invent the “eggs and laptop” puzzle? A．To copy online answers. B．To stop the chatbot cheating. C．To train humans to use language. D．To expose the chatbot to functional problems. 47．What does the author convey in the last paragraph? A．How an invention came into being. B．How Edison became successful in history. C．Why Edison invented something entirely new. D．Why an invention required effort and opportunity. 48．What is the best title for the text? A．Will Robots Replace Humans? B．Can Robots Develop Smoothly? C．Can AI Come Up With Anything Original? D．Will AI Solve Magical And Difficult Problems? 【答案】45．B 46．B 47．A 48．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一群计算机科学家通过一个“鸡蛋和笔记本”的问题，来测试新聊天机器人是否可以进行创作。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段“But the new chatbot’s unique answer helped set off the current global wave of AI advocacy and anxiety. It fueled debate about how large language models (LLMs) were able to perform creative tasks.(但这款新型聊天机器人的独特回答，在一定程度上引发了当前全球对人工智能的倡导和焦虑。它引发了关于大型语言模型（LLMs）如何能够执行创造性任务的争论)”可知，新聊天机器人对谜题的答案引起人们思考。故选B。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers were of course aware of that and invented the “eggs and laptop” puzzle to prevent the new chatbot from dishonestly copying an answer from the Internet.(研究人员当然意识到了这一点，并发明了“鸡蛋和笔记本电脑”难题，以防止新的聊天机器人不诚实地从互联网上复制答案)”可知，研究人员要发明“鸡蛋和笔记本电脑”的谜题是为了阻止聊天机器人作弊。故选B。 47．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There’s nothing entirely new under the sun. Edison did not invent the light bulb but improved it. Most so-called creators apply knowledge from different fields to a problem and arrive at a solution. It’s more a matter of making relevant connections than of inventing something completely new. If LLMs are indeed acquiring the ability to make relevant connections, that would be a historic but discomforting development.(太阳底下没有什么是全新的。爱迪生没有发明电灯泡，而是改进了它。大多数所谓的创造者将不同领域的知识应用于一个问题，并得出解决方案。更重要的是建立相关的联系，而不是发明全新的东西。如果LLMs 确实获得了建立相关联系的能力，那将是一个具有历史意义但令人不安的发展)”可知，作者在最后一段想表达一项发明是如何产生的。故选A。 48．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Are LLMs truly original or are they just plagiarists (剽窃者)? The two statements may not be as different as they seem.( LLMs是真正的原创者还是只是剽窃者？这两种说法可能并不像看上去那么不同)”结合文章主要说明了一群计算机科学家通过一个“鸡蛋和笔记本”的问题，来测试新聊天机器人是否可以进行创作。可知，C选项“人工智能能创造出原创的东西吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。 （十三） （23-24高二上·山西忻州·期中）Archaeologists in Egypt have unearthed a Sphinx statue (狮身人面像) with a smiley face near the Hathor Temple, one of the country’s best preserved ancient sites. The smiling Sphinx is much smaller than the famous Sphinx in Giza, which is 20 metres high. The stone work of art, believed to be a stylized representation of an ancient Roman emperor, was found inside a two-level tomb near the temple in southern Egypt. Next to the beautifully and accurately carved Sphinx, researchers had found a Roman stone written in hieroglyph (象形文字). Once fully translated, the stone may unveil the identity of the sculpted ruler, who could be Emperor Claudius. The smiling Sphinx is among a series of discoveries announced over the past few months. The country has uncovered major archaeological discoveries in recent months, primarily in the Saqqara cemetery (墓地) south of Cairo as well as in Giza, home to the only surviving structure of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Recently, Egypt announced the discovery of a hidden nine-metre passage inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, which may lead to the actual burial room of pharaoh (法老) Khufu, or Cheops. Further south, in Luxor, archaeologists had discovered a 1,800-year-old complete residential city from the Roman times. Hathor Temple, about 500 kilometres south of the capital Cairo, was home to the Dendera Zodiac, a heavenly map which has been displayed at the Louvre in Paris for more than a century. Since Frenchman Sebastien Louis Saulnier took it out of the temple in 1922, Egypt has been attempting to get it back. Some experts see such announcements as having more political and economic weight than scientific, as Egypt is counting on tourism to revive its vital tourism industry in a severe economic crisis. The government aims to draw in 30 million tourists a year by 2028. 49．What do we know about the smiling Sphinx? A．Its owner was confirmed as an ancient Roman ruler. B．It has been the best-preserved Sphinx till now. C．It is as high as 20 metres like the Sphinx of Giza. D．It was discovered close to the Hathor Temple. 50．What does the underlined word “unveil” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Reveal. B．Seek. C．Deny. D．Maintain. 51．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The diversity of cultural relics in Egypt. B．The discoveries made recently in Egypt. C．The status of the Great Pyramid of Giza. D．The new discovery about pharaoh Khufu. 52．What does Egypt expect most from the recent discoveries? A．Scientific progress. B．Political position. C．Economic advance. D．Cultural exchange. 【答案】49．D 50．A 51．B 52．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了埃及政府希望通过最近在考古学上的新发现促进旅游业的发展，从而拉动经济增长的事情。 49．细节理解题。根据第一段“Archaeologists in Egypt have unearthed a Sphinx statue (狮身人面像) with a smiley face near the Hathor Temple, one of the country’s best preserved ancient sites.”（埃及考古学家在埃及保存最完好的古遗址之一哈索尔神庙附近出土了一尊狮身人面像，上面有一个笑脸。）可知，微笑的狮身人面像是在哈索尔神庙附近发现的。故选D项。 50．词义猜测题。根据第二段划线单词后“who could be Emperor Claudius”（他可能是克劳迪斯皇帝）可知，一旦完成翻译，这块石头可能会揭开雕刻统治者的身份，这个人很可能是克劳迪斯皇帝，推断reveal“揭示”和unveil意思一致，符合句意。故选A项。 51．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The country has uncovered major archaeological discoveries in recent months, primarily in the Saqqara cemetery (墓地) south of Cairo as well as in Giza, home to the only surviving structure of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Recently, Egypt announced the discovery of a hidden nine-metre passage inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, which may lead to the actual burial room of pharaoh (法老) Khufu, or Cheops.”（近几个月来，埃及有了重大的考古发现，主要是在开罗南部的萨卡拉公墓和吉萨，吉萨是古代世界七大奇迹中唯一幸存的建筑。最近，埃及宣布在吉萨大金字塔内发现了一条长达9米的隐藏通道，这条通道可能通往法老胡夫的真正墓室。）可知，第三段主要介绍了最近在埃及的考古新发现。故选B项。 52．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some experts see such announcements as having more political and economic weight than scientific, as Egypt is counting on tourism to revive its vital tourism industry in a severe economic crisis.”（一些专家认为，这类声明的政治和经济意义大于科学意义，因为埃及正指望旅游业在严重的经济危机中重振其至关重要的旅游业。）推断出，埃及对最近的发现最期待的希望能够拉动经济发展。故选C项。 （十四） （23-24高二上·山西长治·期中）Researchers have been aware for an extended period that adequate sleep at night is crucial for maintaining brain health. However, there is now encouraging information for individuals who enjoy taking short naps (小睡) during the day. A recent study found that daytime naps can have positive effects on brain function. Researchers from the University College London in the UK and the University of the Republic in Uruguay looked at small sections of people’s DNA．There are 97 sections of DNA in humans that can identify whether a person is likely to be a daytime napper or not. The scientists used data from 35,080 people in the UK between the ages of 40 and 69. They identified people in the study whose DNA made them more likely to nap during the day and people whose DNA showed they didn’t need to nap. The team compared brain scans (扫描) of the nappers with scans of the non-nappers and noticed some key differences in their brains. The results suggested that those who liked to nap had larger brains than those who didn’t. The brain naturally shrinks with age, so this meant that the brains of people who liked to nap aged more slowly than people who didn’t nap. The people who napped had brains that were about 9 cubic (立方的) inches larger than those who didn’t nap, which was equal to slowing down aging by three to six years. Dr. Victoria Garfield, involved in the study, mentioned that the research could provide insights into maintaining brain health with age. She expressed hope that positive findings, such as the health benefits of daytime napping, would drive any negative impression away about midday naps. While the study lacked specific information on nap duration (持续时间), previous research suggests that around 30-minute naps are most beneficial for the brain. Additionally, taking a nap earlier in the day, as opposed to late afternoon, is less likely to impact nighttime sleep. 53．What does the recent study mentioned in the passage show about daytime naps? A．They have no impact on brain function. B．They can positively affect brain function. C．They have a damaging effect on brain health. D．They are only beneficial if taken for a long period. 54．How did the researchers identify those who tend to daytime napping? A．By studying a large population aged 40-69. B．By analyzing people and animals’ brain scans. C．By examining small sections of people’s DNA． D．By conducting surveys on daytime napping habits. 55．What is the likely meaning of the word “shrink” in paragraph 3? A．To become more natural. B．To physically reduce in size. C．To age a little bit quickly. D．To increase in volume. 56．What does the passage imply about the timing of daytime naps? A．Late afternoon naps are more beneficial for brain health. B．Nighttime sleep is unaffected by the timing of daytime naps. C．The study does not provide information about the timing of naps. D．Napping earlier in the day has a positive impact on nighttime sleep. 【答案】53．B 54．C 55．B 56．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由英国伦敦大学学院和乌拉圭共和国大学进行的一项研究发现，白天小睡对大脑功能有积极影响。 53．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A recent study found that daytime naps can have positive effects on brain function. (最近的一项研究发现，白天小睡对大脑功能有积极影响。)”可知，最近的研究表明白天小睡会对大脑功能产生积极影响。故选B项。 54．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are 97 sections of DNA in humans that can identify whether a person is likely to be a daytime napper or not. The scientists used data from 35,080 people in the UK between the ages of 40 and 69. They identified people in the study whose DNA made them more likely to nap during the day and people whose DNA showed they didn’t need to nap. (人类有97个DNA片段可以确定一个人是否可能在白天打盹。科学家们使用了35080名年龄在40岁到69岁之间的英国人的数据。他们在研究中确定了一些人，他们的DNA显示他们更有可能在白天小睡，而另一些人的DNA显示他们不需要小睡。)”可知，研究人员通过检测人们DNA的一小部分来识别那些倾向于白天小睡的人。故选C项。 55．词句猜测题。结合常识和划线词上文及所在句“The results suggested that those who liked to nap had larger brains than those who didn’t. The brain naturally shrinks with age, so this meant that the brains of people who liked to nap aged more slowly than people who didn’t nap. (结果表明，喜欢午睡的人比不喜欢午睡的人大脑更大。大脑会随着年龄的增长而自然shrinks，所以这意味着喜欢午睡的人的大脑比不午睡的人衰老得慢。)”中“with age”可推知，随着年龄增长，大脑会“萎缩”，所以shrinks与to physically reduce in size (在肉体上缩小)意思相近。故选B项。 56．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Additionally, taking a nap earlier in the day, as opposed to late afternoon, is less likely to impact nighttime sleep. (此外，在白天早些时候小睡，而不是下午晚些时候，不太可能影响夜间睡眠。)”可知，白天早些时候小睡不太可能影响夜间睡眠，反之，早些时候小睡对夜间睡眠有着正向的影响。故选D项。 （十五） （23-24高二上·山东淄博·期中）The growth mindset is the belief that intellectual abilities can be developed and are not fixed, which have received a great deal of attention in schools and among researchers. According to a study, a teacher’s growth mindset acts as a “support” that can draw out a student's growth mindset at the very beginning and make it maintainable and actionable in the classroom. These teachers may convey how, in their classes, mistakes are learning opportunities, not signs of low ability, and back up this view with assignments and evaluations that reward continual improvement. This could encourage a student to continue acting on their growth mindset. The study analyzed data from the National Study of Learning Mindset, which was an intervention experiment conducted with a sample of ninth-grade students’ math grades. The present focus on math grades is motivated by the fact that students tend to find math challenging and anxiety inducing, and therefore, a growth mindset might help students face those challenges productively. In the study, researchers show that the positive effect of a short growth-mindset intervention on ninth-grade students’ math grades was concentrated among students whose teachers themselves had growth mindset. They also found that baseline students — serve as a benchmark (基准点) for comparing and evaluating the progress of other students — who reported more fixed mindset in classrooms showed a significantly positive effect on math grades. Successfully teaching a growth mindset to students lifted math grades overall, but this was not enough for all students to reap the benefits of a growth-mindset intervention. Supportive classroom contexts also mattered.Students who were in classrooms with teachers who approved of more of a fixed mindset did not show gains in their math grades over ninth grade, whereas the same kind of students in classrooms with more growth-mind set teachers showed meaningful gains. In general, they view the testing and understanding of the causal effect of teacher mindset as the next step for mindset science. Such research will be challenging to carry out, however. 57．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．How a student's growth-mindset is inspired. B．Why a teacher's growth mindset is important. C．How mistakes turn into learning opportunities. D．Why a student continues acting on growth mindset. 58．What can we learn from the study on ninth-grade students? A．Students were unable to overcome maths challenge. B．The positive effect was concentrated on all students. C．The sample size of the experiment was insufficient. D．Students at baseline were influenced considerably. 59．In the growth-mindset intervention, the teachers' mindset_______. A．has an influence on the effectiveness B．is determined by supportive classroom C．always brings meaningful gains to students D．plays a decisive role in students' significant gains 60．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Academic Performance: The Influence of Students’ Mindset B．Students’ Learning Motivation: The Impact of Teachers’ Mindset C．Encouraging a Growth Mindset: The Role of Teachers D．Fixed and Growth Mindset: Their Relationship and Impact 【答案】57．B 58．D 59．A 60．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究表明，教师成长心态对学生的成长心态以及学习效果有积极的影响。建议教师鼓励学生的成长心态。 57．主旨大意题。根据第二段“According to a study, a teacher’s growth mindset acts as a “support” that can draw out a student’s growth mindset at the very beginning and make it maintainable and actionable in the classroom….This could encourage a student to continue acting on their growth mindset.(根据一项研究，教师的成长心态可以作为一种“支持”，在一开始就可以引出学生的成长心态，并使其在课堂上可维护和可操作。……这可以鼓励学生继续按照他们的成长心态行事)”可知，该段主要通过研究讲述为什么教师的成长心态很重要。故选B项。 58．推理判断题。根据第四段“They also found that baseline students — serve as a benchmark (基准点) for comparing and evaluating the progress of other students — who reported more fixed mindset in classrooms showed a significantly positive effect on math grades.(他们还发现，作为比较和评估其他学生进步的基准的基线学生，在课堂上表现出更固定的心态，对数学成绩有显著的积极影响)”可知那些参与研究的九年级学生中，基线学生受到很大影响。故选D项。 59．细节理解题。根据第四段“In the study, researchers show that the positive effect of a short growth-mindset intervention on ninth-grade students’ math grades was concentrated among students whose teachers themselves had growth mindset.(在这项研究中，研究人员表明，短期成长心态干预对九年级学生数学成绩的积极影响集中在教师自己也有成长心态的学生身上)”可知，在成长心态干预中，教师的心态对干预的效果有影响。故选A项。 60．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The growth mindset is the belief that intellectual abilities can be developed and are not fixed, which have received a great deal of attention in schools and among researchers.(成长心态是一种信念，即智力是可以发展的，而不是固定的，这在学校和研究人员中受到了极大的关注)”及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述研究表明，教师成长心态对学生的成长心态以及学习效果有积极的影响。建议教师鼓励学生的成长心态。C项“Encouraging a Growth Mindset: The Role of Teachers(鼓励成长心态：教师的作用)”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 （十六） （23-24高二上·甘肃天水·期中）The Scarlet Knight (also known as RU27) is an 8-foot autonomous underwater glider that traveled from New Jersey to Spain. Its underwater expedition team has provided data to help scientists better understand how climate change is affecting the ocean. The glider, with no engine to push it forward, rode the ocean currents and made a series of 10,000 dives and ascents (上升) in order to collect data on ocean circulation, the heat content of the upper level of the ocean, and the transport of this heat through oceanic cycle as it crossed the Atlantic. Drops involved pumping a small volume of water into its nose causing it to sink and unequal buoyancy (浮力) along its main body would send the glider 150 to 180 meters down the water column. Ascending involved the reverse: pumping approximately a cup of water into the tail causing a glide upwards. This pattern of dive-and-ascend cycles continued for 4,600 miles; they lasted approximately 40 minutes each. The glider stayed almost continually underwater, surfacing only three times a day to check its location, transmit data, and download new piloting instructions from home via an Iridium telephone on its tail. The gliders equipped with sensors to help indicate the presence of oil. Though scientists must still confirm oil presence through water sampling, gliders narrowed the search zone for subsurface oil. It will also help people better explore the ocean in the future. “The glider shines light on the mysteries of the oceans. It can sample the ocean in places that are not realistic, and for a small amount of the price,” said Zdenka Willis, director of the research team. “Using robots to collect scientific data is the wave of the future in terms of ocean observing.” 61．What is the purpose of RU27? A．To travel from New Jersey to Spain. B．To collect information on the ocean. C．To transport scientists to the ocean. D．To analyze the data from the ocean. 62．What does Paragraph 3 tell us about the glider? A．Its main elements. B．Its moving areas. C．Its operating principle. D．Its data processing . 63．What does Zdenka Willis say about the application of the glider to the oceans? A．It’s not realistic. B．It will be costly. C．It’s demanding. D．It will be a future trend. 64．What is the best title for the text? A．Underwater Robots Explore the Ocean B．The Glider Becomes the Focus C．Underwater Expedition Helps Scientists D．A New Robot Comes into View 【答案】61．B 62．C 63．D 64．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一架探索海洋的自动水下滑翔机，帮助科学家更好地了解气候变化是如何影响海洋的。研究者认为：使用机器人收集科学数据是未来海洋观测的潮流。 61．细节理解题。根据第二段“The glider, with no engine to push it forward, rode the ocean currents and made a series of 10,000 dives and ascents (上升) in order to collect data on ocean circulation, the heat content of the upper level of the ocean, and the transport of this heat through oceanic cycle as it crossed the Atlantic.(没有发动机推动的滑翔机，顺着洋流，进行了1万次的下潜和上升，为的是收集海洋环流的数据，海洋上层的热量含量，以及这些热量在海洋循环中穿越大西洋时的传输情况)”可知， RU27的目的是收集海洋信息。故选B。 62．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Drops involved pumping a small volume of water into its nose causing it to sink and unequal buoyancy (浮力) along its main body would send the glider 150 to 180 meters down the water column. Ascending involved the reverse: pumping approximately a cup of water into the tail causing a glide upwards. This pattern of dive-and-ascend cycles continued for 4,600 miles; they lasted approximately 40 minutes each. The glider stayed almost continually underwater, surfacing only three times a day to check its location, transmit data, and download new piloting instructions from home via an Iridium telephone on its tail.(水滴是将少量的水泵入它的机首，使它下沉，沿着它的主体的不均匀浮力将使滑翔机下沉150到180米。上升过程与此相反：向机尾泵入一杯水，使其向上滑翔。这种升降循环的模式持续了4600海里；每次大约持续40分钟。这架滑翔机几乎一直呆在水下，每天只浮出水面三次，以检查自己的位置，传输数据，并通过其尾部的铱星电话从家里下载新的驾驶指令)”可知，本段主要描述水下滑翔机是如何工作的。故选C。 63．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Using robots to collect scientific data is the wave of the future in terms of ocean observing.(就海洋观测而言，使用机器人收集科学数据是未来的趋势)”可知，滑翔机在海洋中的应用将是未来的趋势。故选D。 64．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Scarlet Knight (also known as RU27) is an 8-foot autonomous underwater glider that traveled from New Jersey to Spain. Its underwater expedition team has provided data to help scientists better understand how climate change is affecting the ocean.(猩红骑士（也被称为RU27）是一个8英尺高的自主水下滑翔机，从新泽西飞到西班牙。其水下探险队提供了数据，帮助科学家更好地了解气候变化是如何影响海洋的)”结合文章介绍了一架探索海洋的自动水下滑翔机，帮助科学家更好地了解气候变化是如何影响海洋的。研究者认为：使用机器人收集科学数据是未来海洋观测的潮流。故选项A“水下机器人探索海洋”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （十七） （23-24高二上·山东聊城·期中）Going for a picnic is a good experience to be in nature, but it’s terrible to have a picnic that will do harm to the environment. Here are some ways to keep your picnic green. Use reusable plates and cups. You don’t need to wash disposable (—次性的) plates and cups because they pollute the environment. It’s greener and cheaper to bring metal plates and cups from home. After the picnic, you can take them home and wash them. Try to buy food from local farmers’ markets. In general, if you bring less food for your picnic, you’ll create less pollution. Try to have an all-vegetarian picnic. Modern production of meat uses lots of energy and creates lots of pollution. Instead of driving, ride a bike or walk to the park. If the park you want to visit is too far from your home, you can take public transportation like buses or subways. After your picnic, remember to pick up all your trash. Try to keep the picnic area clean. If possible, try not to create any trash at all and reuse whatever you can. 65．It’s ________ to have a picnic that will do harm to the environment. A．good B．useful C．bad D．possible 66．How many ways can we keep the picnic clean from the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 67．Why should we bring some metal plates and cups to have a picnic? A．Because they are very hard. B．Because we can bring them home to reuse them after washing them. C．Because they are cheap. D．Because they look nice. 68．If we want to bring less food for your picnic to create less pollution, we’d better ________. A．buy the food from the big shop in the city B．buy the food from local farmers’ markets C．buy the food from the supermarket near your house D．buy the food from the restaurants in the city 69．After your picnic, don’t forget to ________. A．pick up all your trash B．try to keep the picnic area clean, if possible C．try not to create any trash at all D．Above all. 【答案】65．C 66．C 67．B 68．B 69．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是如何让野餐更环保。 65．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Going for a picnic is a good experience to be in nature, but it’s terrible to have a picnic that will do harm to the environment. (去野餐在大自然中是一种很好的经历，但是对环境造成危害的野餐会是很可怕的。)”可知，对环境有害的野餐是不好的，故选C。 66．细节理解题。根据第二段“Use reusable plates and cups. (使用可重复使用的盘子和杯子。)”，第三段“Try to buy food from local farmers’ markets. (尽量从当地农贸市场购买食物。)”，第四段“Try to have an all-vegetarian picnic. (试着来一次全素食的野餐。)”，第五段“Instead of driving, ride a bike or walk to the park. (不要开车，骑自行车或步行去公园。)”和最后一段“After your picnic, remember to pick up all your trash. (野餐后，记得把所有的垃圾捡起来。)”可知，有五种方法可以让野餐保持干净，不造成污染，故选C。 67．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s greener and cheaper to bring metal plates and cups from home. After the picnic, you can take them home and wash them. (从家里带金属盘子和杯子更环保，也更便宜。野餐后，你可以把它们带回家洗一洗。)”可知，我们要带一些金属盘子和杯子去野餐是因为我们可以把它们带回家，在洗完后重复使用。故选B。 68．细节理解题。根据第三段“Try to buy food from local farmers’ markets. In general, if you bring less food for your picnic, you’ll create less pollution. (尽量从当地农贸市场购买食物。一般来说，如果你在野餐时少带些食物，就会减少污染。)”可知，如果我们想带更少的食物去野餐，以减少污染，我们最好从当地农贸市场购买食物。故选B。 69．细节理解题。根据最后一段“After your picnic, remember to pick up all your trash. Try to keep the picnic area clean. If possible, try not to create any trash at all and reuse whatever you can. (野餐后，记得把所有的垃圾捡起来。尽量保持野餐区清洁。如果可能的话，尽量不制造任何垃圾，尽可能重复使用。)”可知，野餐后，别忘了把你所有的垃圾捡起来，如果可能的话，尽量保持野餐区域的清洁和尽量不要创造任何垃圾，故选D。 （十八） （23-24高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）Air fryers are quickly becoming popular in the US these years, with many people having the idea that air fryers are a great way to make quick, healthy meals. An air fryer can be used to get the crispness of deep-fried food without actually deep frying the food in oil. Breaded foods are among the most popular dishes in America. Instead of placing something like breaded chicken into oil, the air fryer blows hot air around the chicken and causes it to crisp up and brown, creating a crunchy texture (松脆的口感) that is similar to fried chicken. Nutritionist Bellatti said, “When you are just using a teaspoon of oil in an air fryer, it’s going to be a lot less caloric than something in a real fryer where a lot more oil is being taken in. It’s a way to lower your calorie intake greatly. Additionally, for those who are watching fat intake for medical reasons, air fryers can help them create fried foods that are lower in total fat content.” Reducing fat and calorie intake can help a person lose weight and eat healthier when compared to eating fried foods. But some experts say there is no guarantee that air frying is a healthier way to cook. If you’re turning to an air fryer every day to cook every meal, you’re not necessarily eating healthier, according to nutritionist Hartley. Air frying makes some dishes healthier, but it doesn’t add nutritional value. Similarly, it doesn’t make an unhealthy dish a smart choice. At the end of the day, air-fried breaded chichen is still breaded chichen—grilled chichen would be the healthier choice. “Air frying is just an easy and low mess way to cook dishes that have the satisfying crispness of fried foods,” Hartley said. “Instead of thinking of them as a dieting tool, think of them as a tool for cooking simple and satisfying meals.” Hartley also added air fryers would probably not help you lose weight, saying there was “zero research” to back that up. And cutting oil out of your diet completely isn’t always for the best. “Although a low-fat, air-fried diet sounds attractive, you’d end up missing out on the wonderful advantages of plant-based fats such as avocado oil and olive oil,” said nutritionist Cucuzza. 70．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 2? A．How the air fryer improves the taste of fried chichen. B．Why many American people love breaded foods. C．Why the air fryer enjoys popularity in America. D．How the air fryer works to make foods crisp. 71．What did Bellatti try to express? A．People should have a calorie-controlled diet. B．Eating fewer calories may lead to a healthier life. C．Air fryers can be more useful than traditional fryers. D．Air fryers can help people cut down on calories and fat. 72．What might the underlined word “guarantee” in paragraph 4 mean? A．expectation B．possibility C．certainty D．suggestion 73．What is Hartley’s attitude toward people using air fryers as a tool to lose weight? A．He is against it. B．He is hopeful of it. C．He is uninterested in it. D．He is uncertain about it. 【答案】70．D 71．D 72．C 73．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是空气炸锅的优点。 70．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Instead of placing something like breaded chicken into oil, the air fryer blows hot air around the chicken and causes it to crisp up and brown, creating a crunchy texture (松脆的口感) that is similar to fried chicken.(空气炸锅不是将裹有面包屑的鸡肉放入油中，而是将热空气吹到鸡肉周围，使鸡肉变得酥脆和棕色，产生一种类似于炸鸡的松脆口感。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是空气炸锅是如何使食物变脆的。故选D。 71．推理判断题。根据第三段“When you are just using a teaspoon of oil in an air fryer, it’s going to be a lot less caloric than something in a real fryer where a lot more oil is being taken in. It’s a way to lower your calorie intake greatly. Additionally, for those who are watching fat intake for medical reasons, air fryers can help them create fried foods that are lower in total fat content.(当你在空气炸锅中只使用一茶匙油时，它的热量会比在真正的炸锅中摄入更多的油少得多。这是一种大大降低卡路里摄入量的方法。此外，对于那些出于医疗原因而关注脂肪摄入量的人来说，空气炸锅可以帮助他们制作出总脂肪含量较低的油炸食品。)”可知，Bellatti想要表达的是空气炸锅可以帮助人们减少卡路里和脂肪的摄入。故选D。 72．词句猜测题。根据第五段“If you’re turning to an air fryer every day to cook every meal, you’re not necessarily eating healthier, according to nutritionist Hartley.(根据营养学家Hartley的说法，如果你每天都用空气炸锅做饭，你不一定吃得更健康。)”可知，划线词所在句子的意思是“但一些专家表示，并不能保证空气煎炸是一种更健康的烹饪方式”，划线词guarantee的意思是“保证”，和C选项“certainty(肯定)”意思相近，故选C。 73．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Instead of thinking of them as a dieting tool, think of them as a tool for cooking simple and satisfying meals.(不要把它们看作是节食的工具，而是把它们看作是烹饪简单而令人满意的食物的工具。)”可知，Hartley对人们使用空气炸锅作为减肥工具的态度是反对的。故选A。 （十九） （23-24高二上·江苏镇江·期中）With governments across the world supporting native languages, it may seem like people in power are finally beginning to accept linguistic diversity (语言多样性). But there’s still a long way to go. In Mexico, for example, speakers of native languages still face challenges that Spanish speakers may not. According to Mexico News Daily, speakers of native languages in the state of Chiapas are still influenced by Castilianization practices, which serve to change these communities to mainly Spanish-speaking ones. Although Mexico is home to many native languages, like Nahuatl and Mixtec, most of these languages have become endangered because of Spanish’s predominance (主导地位). A recent survey done by researchers at Western Kentucky University tries to explore the public’s attitudes toward native language education in the country. Although the Mexican government’s efforts to protect native languages have been far from satisfactory, it appears that the Mexican public is generally quite supportive of efforts to revitalize (使恢复生机) native languages. 87% of respondents (调查对象) to the survey said they agreed with the statement that “the presence of native people is important to Mexican culture.” The researchers also asked respondents about their thoughts on teaching native languages and English in school. Most of the respondents agreed that it was important to teach these as subjects in school, though native languages received a bit less support than English (88.4% of respondents supported teaching English in school compared to 70.8% for native languages). The researchers noted that the Mexican government has made some efforts in recent years to support native languages, such as the National Institute of Native Languages, which provides a variety of online courses to help people learn native languages. Now, Nahuatl is one of the few languages native to Mexico that is not endangered — most of the country’s native languages have less than 100,000 native speakers. 74．What do we know about speakers of native languages in Chiapas? A．They are encouraged to speak Spanish. B．They are treated the same as Spanish speakers. C．They have made a challenge to Spanish’s predominance. D．They have had great success in protecting their language. 75．What does the recent survey find about the Mexican public? A．They care little about native languages. B．They want to keep native languages alive. C．They think native languages are more important than English. D．They support schools specializing in teaching native languages. 76．Why did the researchers mention the National Institute of Native Languages? A．To recognize the Mexican government’s efforts. B．To share its creative way of protecting Nahuatl. C．To introduce it as a language training center. D．To stress its importance to Mexican culture. 77．What is the best title for the text? A．Mixtec, one of the most spoken native languages in Mexico B．Nahuatl, an endangered native language in Mexico C．Mexicans support native language education D．Mexicans are losing their native languages 【答案】74．A 75．B 76．A 77．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各国政府支持本土语言，似乎表明权力人士终于开始接受语言多样性,但还有很长的路要走。 74．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“According to Mexico News Daily, speakers of native languages in the state of Chiapas are still influenced by Castilianization practices, which serve to change these communities to mainly Spanish-speaking ones. (据《墨西哥新闻日报》报道，恰帕斯州讲本族语言的人仍然受到卡斯蒂利亚化习俗的影响，这种习俗将这些社区变为主要讲西班牙语的社区。)”可知，恰帕斯的母语使用者被鼓励说西班牙语。故选A。 75．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A recent survey done by researchers at Western Kentucky University tries to explore the public’s attitudes toward native language education in the country. Although the Mexican government’s efforts to protect native languages have been far from satisfactory, it appears that the Mexican public is generally quite supportive of efforts to revitalize (使恢复生机) native languages. (西肯塔基大学的研究人员最近做了一项调查，试图探究该国公众对母语教育的态度。尽管墨西哥政府保护土著语言的努力远不能令人满意，但看来墨西哥公众普遍相当支持振兴土著语言的努力。)”可知，墨西哥公众希望保留本土语言。故选B。 76．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The researchers noted that the Mexican government has made some efforts in recent years to support native languages, such as the National Institute of Native Languages, which provides a variety of online courses to help people learn native languages. (研究人员指出，墨西哥政府近年来已经做出了一些努力来支持土著语言，例如国家土著语言研究所，该研究所提供各种在线课程来帮助人们学习土著语言。)”可知，研究人员提到了国家土著语言研究所，以认可墨西哥政府的努力。故选A。 77．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The researchers noted that the Mexican government has made some efforts in recent years to support native languages, such as the National Institute of Native Languages, which provides a variety of online courses to help people learn native languages. Now, Nahuatl is one of the few languages native to Mexico that is not endangered — most of the country’s native languages have less than 100,000 native speakers. (研究人员指出，墨西哥政府近年来已经做出了一些努力来支持土著语言，例如国家土著语言研究所，该研究所提供各种在线课程来帮助人们学习土著语言。现在，纳瓦特尔语是墨西哥本土少数几个没有濒危的语言之一——该国大多数本土语言的母语使用者不到10万人。)”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了墨西哥政府支持本土语言。因此选择项C“Mexicans support native language education.(墨西哥人支持母语教育。)”是本文的最佳标题。故选C。 （二十） （23-24高二上·山东潍坊·期中）AI (artificial intelligence) is a new field of computer science. It allows machines to learn from experience, make decisions and solve problems like humans. Today you can find a lot of AI examples in our everyday life. You use AI facial recognition to unlock your phone. Self-driving cars use it to drive. Shopping apps use it to provide you with information according to your interest. Perhaps the best example is the smart assistant on your phone, which can support you when you make voice calls, add events to the calendar, and send messages. All in all, AI is everywhere. In recent years, China has a rapid development in AI. To prepare students well for the future, Zhejiang Province plans to make students in primary and middle schools learn AI. Last year, Zhejiang Province started “AI + education” pilot project in schools. Wenzhou is one of the cities that have carried out the project. The city plans to have nearly 760 schools for AI education by the end of this year, hoping to bring AI to every classroom. It’s easy to open the AI course among primary and middle schools, because information technology is already a subject tested in Gaokao in Zhejiang. The new AI course is expected to build a strong AI talent pool for universities and colleges in the future. However, AI-based education is still faced with a lot of challenges. One of the biggest challenges is that there are not enough top teachers. 78．What can AI help machines do? A．Find a lot of examples B．Copy and act like humans. C．Do everything for humans. D．Experience different kinds of life. 79．What does the underlined word “assistant” mean? A．Controller. B．Owner. C．Helper. D．Trainer. 80．Which of the following is NOT an example of AI? A．Taking a ride in a self-driving car. B．Sharing your interest with friend. C．Unlocking your phone with your face ID． D．Sending messages with the smart assistant. 81．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The AI education in Wenzhou. B．The importance of the AI course. C．The AI cities in Zhejiang Province. D．The AI course and other subjects. 82．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It’s going to be hard to pass AI tests. B．The AI course will be a subject in Gaokao. C．There will be a great need for top teachers. D．The AI course will be popular all over the world. 【答案】78．B 79．C 80．B 81．A 82．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI技术的流行，浙江很多学校已经开设了AI课程，但却面临着缺少AI课程的优秀教师的挑战。 78．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AI (artificial intelligence) is a new field of computer science. It allows machines to learn from experience, make decisions and solve problems like humans.(AI人工智能是计算机科学的一个新的领域。它能允许机器人像人类一样从经验中学习、做决定以及解决问题。)”可知，AI可以让机器人向人类一样学习、做决定和解决问题，故选B。 79．词义猜测题。根据划线词assistant后的内容“which can support you when you make voice calls, add events to the calendar, and send messages.(它能在你打电话的时候帮助你，在日历中添加事件以及帮你发短信。)”可知，AI可以在你不便的时候帮助你，故此处划线词assistant和C项“Helper(助手)”意思相近，故选C。 80．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Today you can find a lot of AI examples in our everyday life. You use AI facial recognition to unlock your phone. Self-driving cars use it to drive. Shopping apps use it to provide you with information according to your interest. Perhaps the best example is the smart assistant on your phone, which can support you when you make voice calls, add events to the calendar, and send messages. (如今，你能在日常生活中找到很多AI的例子。你可以用AI人脸识别来解锁。无人驾驶车用它来驾驶。购物软件根据你的兴趣，用它来为你提供信息。也许，最好的例子就是你手机上的智能助手，它能在你打电话的时候帮助你，在日历中添加事件以及帮你发短信。)”可知，AI无法与朋友分享你的兴趣，故选B。 81．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Last year, Zhejiang Province started “AI + education” pilot project in schools. Wenzhou is one of the cities that have carried out the project. The city plans to have nearly 760 schools for AI education by the end of this year, hoping to bring AI to every classroom.(去年，浙江省在学校启动了“AI+教育”的试点项目。温州是已经实施这一项目的城市之一。温州计划到今年末，有将近760个学校使用AI教育，希望将AI带到每个教室里去。)”可知，这一段主要介绍了温州市AI教育的情况，故选A。 82．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, AI-based education is still faced with a lot of challenges. One of the biggest challenges is that there are not enough top teachers.(然而，AI基础教育仍然面临着很多挑战。其中最大的挑战之一就是没有足够多的优秀教师。)”可推知，AI教育面临的最大挑战就是缺少优秀教师，故今后对优秀教师的需求很大，故选C。 （二十一） （23-24高二上·云南文山·期中）“Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a poor man.” As the old saying tells us, breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It provides us with energy after a long night without food. If people don’t have breakfast in the morning, they will feel tired and get angry easily. Breakfast helps children stay more focused at school. A study showed that children who eat breakfast regularly score higher in most subjects. Breakfast is also important for losing weight. If you have a balanced breakfast, you will eat less throughout the day. Healthy and balanced breakfast should include some protein like eggs, milk or a little meat which makes you energetic all day. Carbohydrates(碳水化合物) like rice or bread can keep you active. Vegetables and fruit have the vitamins that humans need. In China, breakfast is different from region to region. However, porridge with pickles(腌菜), baozi, noodles, soybean milk and youtiao are common throughout the whole country. Although Western culture influenced China a lot, most people still prefer traditional Chinese breakfast. They think that porridge and noodles are not only easily digested, but also can provide enough energy in the morning. Some Western countries, they have some other kinds of food. For example, in the USA, they enjoy sausages, soft pancakes. In Canada, local people like eating pancakes! 83．The old saying in the first paragraph means that ________. A．breakfast must be delicious B．breakfast is eaten by the king C．breakfast is the most important among the three meals D．breakfast can make people feel like a nice man 84．Why do we need to have breakfast in the morning? A．Because breakfast is helpful to our studies. B．Because breakfast is the most delicious meal of the day. C．Because breakfast offers energy to us after the whole night without food. D．Because breakfast makes us feel excited. 85．Which of the following doesn’t belong to healthy breakfast? A．Cola and butter. B．A little meat. C．Rice and bread. D．Eggs and milk. 86．What is the best title of the passage? A．Chinese Traditional Breakfast B．Breakfast and Health C．Breakfast and Weight Loss D．Western Breakfast 【答案】83．C 84．C 85．A 86．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了吃早餐的重要性和中西方的早餐特点。 83．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a poor man.’ As the old saying tells us, breakfast is the most important meal of the day.(‘早餐像国王一样吃，午餐像王子一样吃，晚餐像穷人一样吃。’就像这句古语告诉我们的那样，早餐是一天中最重要的一顿饭。)”可知，这句古话想表达的是早餐是三餐中最重要的一顿。故选C。 84．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It provides us with energy after a long night without food.(长夜无粮后它为我们提供能量。)”可知，我们需要在早上吃早餐的原因是它可以在我们一整晚没吃饭后为我们提供能量。故选C。 85．细节理解题。根据第三段“Healthy and balanced breakfast should include some protein like eggs, milk or a little meat which makes you energetic all day. Carbohydrates(碳水化合物) like rice or bread can keep you active. Vegetables and fruit have the vitamins that humans need.(健康均衡的早餐应该包括蛋、奶等一些蛋白质或一些肉，让你一整天都充满活力。大米或面包等碳水化合物可以让你保持活跃状态。蔬菜和水果具有人类所需的维生素。)”可知，健康均衡的早餐应有富含蛋白质的蛋和奶等、一些肉、大米或面包等碳水化合物、水果蔬菜，结合四个选项可知，A项“可乐和黄油”不包括在内。故选A。 86．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一、二段讲述了早餐的重要性以及原因；第三段讲述了健康均衡的早餐应包括的食物；第四、五段讲述了中西方的早餐文化。由此可知，本文围绕“早餐和健康”展开，所以B项“早餐和健康”最适合作本文标题。故选B。 （二十二） （23-24高二上·山东临沂·期中）Body language is a powerful means of communication used by both humans and animals. Through gestures, facial expressions, and postures, individuals express emotions, intentions, and establish social connections. This nonverbal form of communication plays a crucial role in promoting understanding and establishing strong relationships. In the human world, body language is an essential part of daily interactions. A smile can instantly convey happiness and friendliness, while a furrowed brow may signify worry or confusion. Even slight changes in posture can communicate confidence or depression. By paying attention to these nonverbal signals, individuals can better understand the underlying emotions and thoughts of others, thus strengthening their ability to understand and connect with each other. Interestingly, animals also rely heavily on body language to communicate within their own species and even across different species. For instance, a wagging tail in a dog usually means excitement or happiness. Similarly, puffed-up feathers in birds can indicate attacks, while a relaxed body posture may suggest satisfaction. By understanding these signals, animals can effectively convey messages and establish social classes, ultimately improving their chances of survival and successful reproduction. Furthermore, body language often overcomes language barriers, enabling communication between individuals who do not share a common language. This is particularly important in diverse societies or in situations where verbal communication is not possible. In such cases, gestures, facial expressions, and body movements become fundamental in conveying messages and building connections. Nonetheless, it is essential to recognize that body language is not always the same. Cultural differences and individual personality traits can affect the interpretation of certain gestures and expressions. For example, direct eye contact is generally considered a sign of respect and focus in Western cultures, while it may be seen as a challenge or disrespect in other cultures. Therefore, it is crucial to be mindful of these differences when interpreting body language in cross-cultural communication. 87．What can we learn about body language from paragraph 1? A．It is only used by humans. B．It is limited to verbal communication. C．It can express emotions and intentions. D．It is ineffective in bridging language barriers. 88．What does the underlined word “depression” mean in paragraph2? A．Being proud. B．Losing heart. C．Discomfort. D．Curiosity. 89．Why is body language important in diverse societies? A．It bridges language barriers. B．It helps establish social classes. C．It is the primary form of communication. D．It removes the need for verbal communication. 90．Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Animals rely only on verbal communication. B．Body language is universally interpreted the same way. C．Understanding body language can lead to successful reproduction. D．Cultural differences can affect the interpretation of body language. 【答案】87．C 88．B 89．A 90．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言是什么，以及肢体语言给人类和动物带来什么影响。 87．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“Through gestures, facial expressions, and postures, individuals express emotions, intentions, and establish social connections.(通过手势、面部表情和姿势，个人表达情感、意图，并建立社会联系)”可知，个人可以通过肢体语言来表达情感和意图。故选C项。 88．词义猜测题。根据第二段“In the human world, body language is an essential part of daily interactions. A smile can instantly convey happiness and friendliness, while a furrowed brow may signify worry or confusion. Even slight changes in posture can communicate confidence or depression. By paying attention to these nonverbal signals, individuals can better understand the underlying emotions and thoughts of others, thus strengthening their ability to understand and connect with each other.(在人类世界中，肢体语言是日常互动的重要组成部分。微笑可以立即传达出幸福和友好，而眉头紧锁可能意味着担忧或困惑。即使是姿势的轻微变化也能传达出自信或depression。通过关注这些非语言信号，个体可以更好地理解他人潜在的情绪和想法，从而增强他们相互理解和联系的能力)”可知，本段提到了微笑可以幸福和友好，皱起的眉头可能表示担忧或困惑。该句中提到即使姿势的轻微变化也可以传达出自信或者怎样的信息。由此推知，depression和confidence的意思相反，confidence的意思是“自信”，所以划线词语的意思应该是不自信，与lose heart“失去信心”意思接近。故选B项。 89．推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Furthermore, body language often overcomes language barriers, enabling communication between individuals who do not share a common language. This is particularly important in diverse societies or in situations where verbal communication is not possible.(此外，肢体语言通常可以克服语言障碍，使不共享共同语言的人之间能够进行交流。这在不同的社会或无法进行言语交流的情况下尤为重要)”可推知，肢体语言在不同的社会中跨越了语言障碍，这点尤为重要。故选A项。 90．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nonetheless, it is essential to recognize that body language is not always the same. Cultural differences and individual personality traits can affect the interpretation of certain gestures and expressions. For example, direct eye contact is generally considered a sign of respect and focus in Western cultures, while it may be seen as a challenge or disrespect in other cultures. Therefore, it is crucial to be mindful of these differences when interpreting body language in cross-cultural communication.(尽管如此，重要的是要认识到肢体语言并不总是一样的。文化差异和个人性格特征会影响对某些手势和表情的解释。例如，在西方文化中，直接的眼神交流通常被视为尊重和专注的标志，而在其他文化中，这可能被视为一种挑战或不尊重。因此，在跨文化交际中解读肢体语言时，注意这些差异是至关重要的)”可推知，文化差异和个人性格特征会影响对某些手势和表情的解释。故选D项。 （二十三） （23-24高二上·云南昭通·期中）Why do we find ugly-cute animals so attractive? And what makes odd-looking creatures so cute? Evolution (进化) plays a role. According to Austrian zoologist Erin Fekete, human attraction to childish features, such as big eyes, large heads and soft bodies, is an evolutionary adaptation that helps ensure that adults care for the young, assuring the survival of their species. Odd-looking animals such as blobfish, pugs, aye-ayes and bulldogs all share these childish qualities that cause a loving response among humans and a nature to raise and protect. And these childish characteristics increase a person’s “protective behavior, attention and willingness” to care for the individual and reduce the “possibility of aggression towards a child”, says Cyril Drouet, a researcher. Ugly-cute animals often have other value— some, like the blobfish, live in extreme environments that they have adapted to in remarkable ways. Scientists are keen to study these animals to understand whether their biology might provide fresh ideas that could lead to treatments for human health conditions such as cancer and heart disease. But while many ugly creatures are strongly adapted to their life in the wild and can provide numerous benefits to the ecosystems they live in, they often still don’t get as much attention as more traditionally cute and beautiful animals, which leads to many of the ugly-cute species being ignored in terms of research. There are other culture-led factors that also cause our attraction for ugly-cute animals. “The ugly-cute thing is very fashionable.” says Rowena Packer, a lecturer of animal behavior. “This is partly caused $$