内容正文:
►专题04 介词
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考点精
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介词是虚词,不能单独作句子的成分,其后一般有名词、代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语作它的宾语。介词与动词、名词、形容词常有比较固定的搭配。
考点01 表示时间的介词
1.at,on,in
at表示在某一时间点,【例】He will arrive at six.
on表示在某一天(星期几/某日某月的早、中、晚),【例】We met each other on Monday.
in表示具体的某个年份/月份/季节,【例】We came to Guangzhou in July, 2009.
2.since,from,for
since指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用,【例】He has been in Guangzhou since 2008.
from指从时间的某一点开始,【例】Most people work from 9 am to 5 pm.
for+时间名词(短语)指时间的长度,通常作状语,表示某种行为状态延续的期限,【例】I haven’t spoken to her for two months.
3.in, after
in + 时间段表示在一段时间之后,用于将来时,【例】He will be back in two weeks.
after + 时间段表示在一段时间之后,用于过去时,【例】She went shopping after supper.
4.during,by
during +时间段表示“在……期间”,【例】My parents want to have a relax during the holiday.
by +时间点表示“到……为止;在……之前”,【例】By the time the doctor arrived, the patient had died.
考点02 表示地点的介词
1.表示地理位置的in, at, on, to
in 表示在某范围内(范围较大的地方),【例】When did your father arrive in China?
at 表示在某范围内(范围较小的地方),【例】When did your father arrive at the airport?
在与方位名词 east, west, south, north等连用时,on 强调“毗邻”,in 表示“在内部”,to 表示“在外部”。
【例】
Mongolia lies on the north of China. (毗邻)
Fujian lies in the southeast of China. (范围之内)
Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外)
2.表示物体位置的on, in
on 表示在某物的表面上,【例】The apple is on the table.
in 表示在某物内部,【例】Fish swim in the sea.
3.表示“穿过”的 through,across,over
through 表示从内部“穿过”,与in有关,【例】The bird is flying through the window.
across 表示在表面上“跨过”与on有关,【例】The child will go across the road after the lights turns green.
over 表示从上面“越过”,【例】They climbed over the hill.
考点03 表示方式、手段、工具的介词
by用于表示手段和方法,后接某种交通工具或v.-ing,【例】We go to work by car.
with表示用某种工具,后面要用冠词或物主代词,【例】We cut vegetables with a knife.
in表示“用……语言、材料、颜色”等,【例】This book is written in Russian.
on表示“通过……方式、媒介”,多用于固定搭配,【例】His model deeds have been publicized on TV.
考点04 表示材料的介词
of用于能从制成品中看出生产原料时,【例】The table is made of iron.
from用于不能从制成品中看出生产原料时,【例】Paper is made from wood.
in用于某种材料前,常与write/speak/answer等连用,【例】He always writes letters in ink.
考点05 表示穿着的介词
in后接衣服,也可接颜色 , 还可以表示戴眼镜、帽子、留辫子等,可作定语或和表语,【例】He was in a black nylon jacket today.
with表示穿戴,只能作定语,而且只能和眼镜、手套等连用,不能与衣服连用,【例】The boy with thick glasses is our monitor.
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