小升初情态动词（讲义）-2023-2024学年人教PEP版英语六年级下册

小升初情态动词讲解&情景问答&专项练习 小升初情态动词讲解： 一、常见的情态动词 1.can：表示能力 “能、会”；表示许可 “可以”。 I can swim.（我会游泳。）表示能力。 You can go now.（你现在可以走了。）表示许可。 2.could：can 的过去式，用法与 can 类似，但语气更加委婉。 I could help you if you need.（如果你需要的话我可以帮你。）委婉地表示能力或提供帮助。 3.may：表示许可 “可以”；表示可能性 “可能”。 May I come in?（我可以进来吗？）表示许可。 It may rain tomorrow.（明天可能会下雨。）表示可能性。 4.might：may 的过去式，语气更加委婉或表示可能性更小。 Might I use your pen?（我可以用一下你的笔吗？）委婉地请求许可。 It might not be true.（这可能不是真的。）表示可能性较小。 5.must：表示必须 “一定、必须”。 You must finish your homework before watching TV.（你必须在看电视之前完成作业。） 6.should：表示应该 “应当”。 You should listen to your parents.（你应该听父母的话。） 7.would：表示意愿 “愿意”；用于委婉地提出请求、建议等。 Would you like some juice?（你想喝些果汁吗？）委婉地提出请求。 二、情态动词的特点 1.后面接动词原形。 He can play basketball.（他能打篮球。） She should study hard.（她应该努力学习。） 2.没有人称和数的变化。 I can swim.（我会游泳。） They can swim.（他们会游泳。） 三、情态动词的否定形式 在情态动词后直接加 not。 1.can not = can't（不能、不会；不可以） 2.must not = mustn't（禁止、一定不能） 3.should not = shouldn't（不应该） 4.could、might、would 的否定形式分别为 couldn't、mightn't、wouldn't。 例如： 1.You can't run in the classroom.（你不能在教室里跑。） 2.We mustn't be late for school.（我们上学一定不能迟到。） 3.She shouldn't talk in class.（她不应该在课堂上讲话。） 四、情态动词的一般疑问句形式 把情态动词提到句首，句末用问号。 例如： Can you swim?（你会游泳吗？） May I come in?（我可以进来吗？） Must he finish his work today?（他今天必须完成工作吗？） 小升初情态动词的问答情景 一、询问能力 A: Can you play the piano?（你会弹钢琴吗？） B: Yes, I can. / No, I can't.（是的，我会。/ 不，我不会。） A: Could you swim when you were six?（你六岁的时候会游泳吗？） B: Yes, I could. / No, I couldn't.（是的，我会。/ 不，我不会。） 二、请求许可 A: May I use your pen?（我可以用你的笔吗？） B: Yes, you may. / No, you may not.（是的，你可以。/ 不，你不可以。） A: Could I borrow your book?（我能借你的书吗？） B: Sure. / Sorry, you can't.（当然可以。/ 对不起，你不能。） 三、表达应该 A: Should I do my homework first?（我应该先做作业吗？） B: Yes, you should.（是的，你应该。） A: Should we clean the classroom after school?（我们放学后应该打扫教室吗？） B: Yes, we should.（是的，我们应该。） 四、询问必须 A: Must I finish my homework today?（我今天必须完成作业吗？） B: Yes, you must. / No, you don't have to. / No, you needn't.（是的，你必须。/ 不，你不必。） A: Must we wear school uniforms on Monday?（我们星期一必须穿校服吗？） B: Yes, you must.（是的，你们必须。） 五、表达可能性 A: May it rain tomorrow?（明天可能会下雨吗？） B: Yes, it may. / No, it may not.（是的，可能会。/ 不，可能不会。） A: Could he be at home now?（他现在可能在家吗？） B: Yes, he could. / No, he couldn't.（是的，他可能在。/ 不，他不可能在。） 六、提出建议 A: Should we go to the park this afternoon?（我们今天下午去公园好吗？） B: That's a good idea. / Sounds great.（好主意。/ 听起来很棒。） A: Would you like to go shopping with me?（你想和我一起去购物吗？） B: Yes, I'd love to. / Sorry, I can't.（是的，我很乐意。/ 对不起，我不能。） 专项练习题 一、单项选择 1.—_____ I borrow your book? — Yes, you can. But you must return it to me tomorrow. A. May B. Must C. Need D. Should 2.You _____ play football in the street. It's very dangerous. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 3.— Must I finish my homework now? — No, you _____. You can do it after dinner. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't 4.She _____ speak English very well when she was only six years old. A. can B. could C. may D. might 5.We _____ save water. It's very important for us. A. can B. should C. must D. need 6.— _____ you help me with my math homework? — Of course, I can. A. May B. Must C. Can D. Should 7.You _____ go to bed late. It's bad for your health. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 8.He _____ be at home now. I just saw him in the park. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 9.— Can I use your phone? — Sorry, you _____. I'm waiting for an important call. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 10.We _____ follow the traffic rules when we cross the road. A. can B. should C. must D. need 二、用所给情态动词的适当形式填空 1.You _____ (not) eat too much junk food. It's bad for your health. 2.She _____ (can) swim when she was five years old. 3.— _____ I come in? — Yes, please. 4.We _____ (must) study hard to get good grades. 5.They _____ (should) arrive at the airport on time tomorrow. 6.He _____ (may) not be at home. I'll call him later. 7.You _____ (need) to water the flowers every day. 8.— Must I finish the work today? — No, you _____ (not). You can do it tomorrow. 9.She _____ (would) like to go shopping with her friends this weekend. 10.We _____ (can't) play basketball in the classroom. 三、根据情景，选择合适的情态动词填空 1.It's raining outside. You _____ take an umbrella with you. (should/must) 2.The sign says "No smoking". You _____ smoke here. (mustn't/needn't) 3.I'm not sure where my book is. It _____ be in my bag. (may/might) 4.You _____ be careful when you cross the road. (should/must) 5.The doctor said I _____ rest for a few days. (should/must) 6.We _____ hurry up, or we'll be late for the movie. (should/must) 7.You _____ read more books to improve your English. (should/must) 8.I _____ go to the party tonight. I'm not feeling well. (may/might not) 9.The teacher said we _____ hand in our homework on time. (should/must) 10.You _____ listen to your parents. They know what's best for you. (should/must) 四、句型转换 1.You must do your homework now. (改为否定句) You _____ _____ your homework now. 2.She can play the piano very well. (改为一般疑问句) _____ she _____ the piano very well? 3.We should help each other. (改为一般疑问句) _____ we _____ each other? 4.May I use your bike? (作肯定回答和否定回答) Yes, you _____. / No, you _____. 5. He must be at home. (改为否定句) He _____ _____ at home. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$