专题05【5年真题1年模拟】阅读七选五10年真题50题+最新模拟100题（技能+真题+模拟）-2025届高考英语名校模拟真题速递（北京专用）

《2025届高考英语名校模拟真题速递》（北京专用） 专题05 【5年真题1年模拟】阅读理解七选五10年真题50题+最新模拟100题 （技能+真题+模拟）原卷版 目录 技能专区 1 真题专区 2 模拟专区 15 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货 一、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。 在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。 二、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容关键词，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。 文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。 三、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。 根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。 四、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。 在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。 五、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。 真题专区：练真题，明方向，补漏洞，提能力 真题演练01（2024·北京·高考真题）If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. ___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. ___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 真题演练02（2023·北京·高考真题）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A. Higher education has achieved its true potential. B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 真题演练03（2022·北京·高考真题）Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 6 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. 7 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 8 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 9 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 10 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 真题演练04（2021·北京·高考真题）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 11 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes. 12 However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels. This，of course，can lead to less pain. Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 13 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety. When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 14 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit. 15 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable. A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems. B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud. C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing. D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep. E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive. F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety. G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were. 真题演练05（2020·北京·高考真题）Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 16 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. 17 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships. 18 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 19 In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 20 Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health. A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either. B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well. F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking. G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small. 真题演练06（2019·北京·高考真题）Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 21 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent? 22 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance. To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 23 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” 24 Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force. 25 An A-team may require a balance--not just A players, but a few generous B players as well. A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent. C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. 真题演练07（2018·北京·高考真题）Why Do We Get Angry? Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 26 Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 27 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits. Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 28 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. 29 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. 30 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye. G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. 真题演练08（2017·北京·高考真题）Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 31 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 32 We  know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.   33 Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 34 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 35 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says. A. We should also try to sleep well the night before. B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 真题演练09（2016·北京·高考真题）The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 36 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work? The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 37 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 38 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 39 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 40 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 真题演练10（2015·北京·高考真题）This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 41 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 42 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.   Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 43 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 44 Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 45 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A. Having interesting things to think about also helps. B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes. D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练速度，补漏洞，强信心！ （23-24高二下·北京通州·期末）Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds. 1 So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation. For example, if you’re writing about human living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body. Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds. And you have to follow them. If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. 2 That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you. If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, you will pull the readers out of their imagination. 3 Part of your preparatory work for the novel is to map out its worlds in great detail. You should decide the following issues: the history of the world, the geography, what possibilities it offers, how everything works in this new reality, and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think, feel, and react to things. You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. 4 This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing. 5 You are inviting readers to visit a new world. They will want to be able to see, hear, feel, smell and even taste what it’s like. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like they’re actually there. A．The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust. B．Your characters must be based on imagination only. C．When you are writing, remember to make it feel real. D．Instead, you only need to follow the rules all the way. E．The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway. F．But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on. G．The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science. （23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）What Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? Chickens are one of the most economically important animals in the world today. 6 , Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. 7 . It was this trait of productive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the domestic chicken so attractive to ancient peoples 8 . They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs.  The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. 9 . In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence for the loss of seasonal egg laying yet identified in the archaeological record. Meanwhile, it is an important clue for better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relationships between humans and animals that resulted in domestication Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. 10 . A．To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work. B．The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. C．Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear. D．Research shows chickens were bred throughout southern Central Asia, and were spread along the ancient Silk Road. E．The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl F．They argue that the loss of seasonal egg laying was the main drive for the spread of domestic chickens across Eurasia and northeast Africa G．As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. （23-24高二下·北京海淀·期末）Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bare arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. 11 There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. 12 Think about a time when you’ve stubbed your toe. There doesn’t seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time. 13 If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. 14 So his brain perceived pain to match the experience. Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. 15 However, it is an important part of human life and survival! A．Pain is not fun to feel. B．Pain is a response to a stimulus. C．Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel. D．Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival. E．All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive. F．It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong. G．However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm. （23-24高二下·北京石景山·期末）Some people think that success is only for those with talent or who grow up in the right family. Others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence. 16 However, to succeed in life, you need to set a goal. 17 To get really good at something, you need to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time. Most people won’t put in that time. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it will feel like unbearable pain. You will likely quit before you become good at it. 18    When you see people with great skills or who have achieved great success, remember they have dedicated a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. 19 But thinking that way does you no good, and you’re probably wrong. 20 You must almost reach the point of addiction and keep at it for a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee the level of success you want. But it will guarantee you become really good at whatever you dedicate yourself to. A．That’s just how life is. B．One cannot succeed without time. C．And then, you need to make it practical. D．Successful people like to show their great skills and talent. E．It’s easy to think they got lucky or were born with rare talent. F．This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. G．Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out. （23-24高二下·北京东城·期末）Food has always been a universal language that brings people together. It has the power to bridge cultural gaps and foster understanding between nations. 21 Actually, culinary diplomacy is not a new concept. It has been practiced for centuries, with ancient civilizations using food as a means of establishing diplomatic relations. Today, it has developed into a more formalized practice, with governments recognizing its potential to build bridges and promote peace. 22 Food is deeply rooted in culture, and by sharing traditional dishes, countries can showcase their unique heritage and traditions. Through food, people can gain a deeper understanding of a nation’s history, values, and way of life. This exchange of culinary traditions can lead to a greater appreciation and respect for different cultures. Culinary diplomacy also provides a platform for dialogue between nations. 23 These gatherings create opportunities for people to engage in meaningful conversations. By breaking bread together, people can find common ground and establish connections that go beyond political differences. Furthermore, culinary diplomacy can have economic benefits for countries. By promoting their local cuisine, nations can attract tourists and boost their culinary tourism industry. 24 Additionally, culinary diplomacy can enhance a country’s soft power, as its cuisine becomes a symbol of its cultural richness and diversity. In recent years, several countries have embraced culinary diplomacy as a means of promoting their national cuisine and culture. Peru, for example, has successfully used culinary diplomacy to promote its cuisine. 25 Peru has taken advantage of this by hosting international food events and establishing culinary schools to train chefs. As a result, Peru has seen a significant increase in tourism and international recognition. Culinary diplomacy plays a crucial role in fostering cultural exchange and promoting dialogue between nations. As the world becomes more interconnected, it will continue to be a powerful tool in promoting peace and fostering global understanding. A．Culinary diplomacy can promote trade, tourism and cooperation. B．This generates profit and creates job opportunities for local people. C．One of the key roles of culinary diplomacy is fostering cultural exchange. D．Its rich culinary heritage, with dishes like ceviche, has become a global hit. E．International food festivals and events bring food enthusiasts worldwide together. F．As the saying goes, “The easiest way to win hearts and minds is through stomach.” G．This is where culinary diplomacy comes in, using food to promote cultural exchange. （23-24高二下·北京昌平·期末）As we carefully select our outfits each day, we may not always realize the influence our clothing choices have on our mood, behavior, and even how others understand us. 26 Studies have shown that dressing well can significantly affect how we feel about ourselves and our abilities. When we wear outfits that make us feel confident and comfortable, we are more likely to make a positive impression on others. Our clothing choices are like a personal canvas (画布). 27 Whether it’s a vintage-inspired dress or a bold graphic tee, our clothes become a reflection of who we are. Fashion is a powerful tool that helps us communicate with the world and form connections with like-minded individuals. Have you ever noticed how wearing a particular outfit can change your mood? 28 For instance, bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. 29 The link between colors and emotions plays a vital role in shaping our outlook on the day. Clothes we wear can also influence our behavior and cognitive processes. For example, wearing formal business suit might signal the brain that it’s time to focus and be productive, while more relaxed clothing might encourage a more casual approach. 30 So, the next time you dress up, remember the huge influence your outfit can have, and embrace the opportunity to express yourself through the art of fashion. A．Clothing can give rise to various emotional responses. B．Correct clothes conveys that you are interested in the job. C．On the other hand, wearing darker might create a feeling of seriousness. D．Thus, the right outfit can give us confidence needed to conquer the day ahead. E．It allows us to express our beliefs, interests, and emotions without saying a single word. F．Choosing the right for specific occasions can, therefore, enhance our performance and efficiency. G．The phrase “dress for success” holds true when it comes to the impact of clothes on self-confidence. （23-24高二下·北京西城·期末）Highly sensitive person, or HSP, is a term coined by psychologist Elaine Aron. According to research, in every five people, there’s one HSP. 31 HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. 32 The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) power”. Usually, people associate “insensitivity” with something bad, but insensitivity does not equal dullness. 33 That is, calmly facing the setbacks and downtime in life and firmly moving towards one’s own direction. It is the “means and wisdom to win a better life”, as a Japanese author writes in the book The Power of Insensitivity. According to him, the world will be better if we focus on the major goals and stay insensitive to anything else. 34 One of the important reasons is that behind insensitivity is strong self-awareness or self-confidence. Knowing yourself is difficult, but knowing yourself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability. One of the qualities shared by many successful people is: they all clearly know where their strengths are, what they want, and what direction to go. To practice insensitivity, the first step is to avoid overthinking. Resist the urge to overanalyze situations, and redirect your focus towards actionable steps within your control. Secondly, don’t pay too much attention to the ups and downs of life at the moment. Rather, you should be looking forward. Additionally, set clear boundaries. 35 Remember not to get too involved in other people’s business and set limits that keep you safe from outside pressures. As a unique wisdom of life, the power of insensitivity gives completely new inspiration to modern people. Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A．Everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. B．That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C．It emphasizes determination when it comes to difficulties. D．Avoid focusing too much on what others are doing or thinking. E．Regarding relationships, learn to view the problem as two parts. F．Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. G．Why can insensitivity allow a person to better adapt in a competitive environment? （23-24高二下·北京朝阳·期末）If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say? 36 For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it. But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction. 37 This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies. The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends. 38 Instead, the team was showing how easy it is to create what appears to be a data-driven measure of an addictive behavior, which actually is a normal part of everyday life. The idea of being addicted to offline friendships is ridiculous, but that is what is happening in the digital technology research literature. We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive. 39 It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use. 40 Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it. Thinking about our technology use in terms of habit offers us a much wider range of options. Rather than getting rid of technology altogether, we can seek our digital experience that promote positive effects while minimizing negative impacts. A．Many of us are likely to develop bad habits. B．Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral. C．For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind. D．This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad. E．Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing. F．A recent study has revealed evidence that shows positive effects of digital use. G．Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire. （23-24高三上·北京东城·期末）The Science of Comfort Food Certain foods always give us much pleasure. 41 However, much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they bring to us and the people we’re with while we enjoy them. 42 That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do. Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. 43 And many favorite American comfort foods—chili, say—are not particularly sweet or high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Often we love food because we have fond memories associated with it. One dish I cannot live without at a New Year party is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes, which remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. 44 Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache. In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. 45 And our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together”. I appreciate my mum’s potatoes even more today when I eat them with my husband and two children. A．Food is essential for our survival. B．These associations can go the other way, too. C．We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely. D．It shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment. E．Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel. F．Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise. G．After all, different cultures have different comfort foods. （23-24高三上·北京顺义·期末）Flow is a cognitive (认知的) state where one is completely immersed (沉浸) in an activity — from painting and writing to yoga and surfboarding. 46    The process of flow was discovered and coined by the Hungarian-American psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative process and found that, when an artist was in the course of flow, they would insist on their task strictly, regardless of hunger or exhaustion. 47 One of Csikszentmihalyi’s key points about flow is that a person needs to push oneself out of their comfort zone to stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, one has to constantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and complexity required for the activity. 48 If your skill level goes beyond the activity, boredom will set in, which will break the state of flow. 49 One can access flow by thinking of activities like sports, dancing and painting. We can also have a flow state experience with many of our day-to-day tasks and encounters. Watching TV and video gaming, however, are not on that list. Flow can also be a tool for better emotion regulation (调节). When a person is in a state of flow, there is little need for doubts or anxieties about oneself or the world in general. 50 Through the process of flow, a person chooses to focus on a task and gain a sense of autonomy over time, body, and mind. However, pushing yourself to find the flow state can backfire. In fact, trying too hard or wondering whether you are in this state in itself goes against flow. We lose the balance between tension and skill level if we concentrate too much on the task. A．Even the uncertainties of life fall away. B．People may not realize it but anyone can find flow. C．Ask yourself if a certain task will fulfill a goal of yours. D．Flow can sometimes be viewed as a forerunner for peak performance. E．He also found that the artist would highlight the process and not the end result. F．As you practice a skill, your level of mastery will change as will the feeling of flow. G．It involves intense focus, creative engagement and the loss of awareness of time and self. （2024·北京朝阳·二模）Studies about sleep and employee behavior typically focus on various activities that occur within the body during sleep, and their impact on daytime cognition. New research adopts a different method. 51 The researchers conducted three studies involving thousands of dreams recalled by employees. The first study asked participants upon awakening to rate the degree of awe (敬畏) and wonder brought by their dreams and to write down their biggest work problem. 52 Another one they answered was whether they envisioned anything good arising from the difficult work situation—a measure of resilience, which meant the ability to become strong and happy again after toughness. Those who found positive meaning in dreams reported higher levels of awe. 53 In the second study, participants who recalled a dream likewise reported its positive or negative meaning, and then wrote descriptions of the dream and what they took to be its causes and meaning. After work they answered questions about their resilience and progress on the day’s tasks. 54 The third study tracked similar measures among employees who participated daily for two weeks, and it looked at how naturally curious each person was. It found similar results about awe and showed that it raised resilience and productivity far more in the naturally curious. 55 Awe can help people deal more effectively with challenges and progress toward goals. “Our research reveals how awe can be brought about at a time that has a critical impact on daily work outcomes,” the researchers write. “Employees could use dream journals and simple practices to ‘guide’ their nighttime visions, thus increasing their odds of having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.” A．A positive dream brings a sense of sudden insight, giving rise to awe. B．The increased awe was also proved to be associated with greater resilience. C．In fact, dreaming may help improve problem-solving skills in daily routine. D．Here, too, good dreams boosted awe and resilience, fueling progress on work goals. E．Researchers acknowledge that dreams may involve content related to waking experiences. F．It finds that remembering a good dream can help people make progress in the day’s tasks. G．They then answered the question about whether they thought the dream was positive or negative. （2024·北京东城·二模）Socrates, Galileo, Marie Curie, Einstein ... What did these great thinkers have in common? They all practiced deliberate doubt and used it as a tool to improve their thinking and generate creative ideas. 56 It is about suspending our certainty and letting go of our preconceived (先入为主的) notions in order to explore new ideas and perspectives. When we’re certain of something, we tend to stop looking for alternative explanations or possibilities. 57 Doubt can, of course, be unsettling, but it can also result in a greater understanding of a subject and inspire fresh thoughts and insights. 58 But it doesn’t mean we should use it all the time. While deliberate doubt can be a valuable tool for generating creative ideas and exploring complex problems, it can also be counterproductive if it is not practiced in the right way. It’s important to keep in mind that deliberate doubt is not constant doubt. If we’re continuously doubting our own ideas, we’ll be less likely to pursue them and see them through to completion. 59 We spend so much time doubting everything and end up not doing anything. 60 We can become self-critical and unsure of our abilities, which can undermine our self-esteem. As a result, we may be too afraid to try new things or take risks. To avoid these traps, it’s important to strike a balance between doubt and certainty, and to use doubt as a tool to stimulate creative thinking and exploration, rather than as a means of undermining ourselves or others. A．Deliberate doubt can also lead to a lack of confidence. B．But when we doubt, we’re forced to consider other perspectives. C．In this case, deliberate doubt can prevent us from making decisions. D．When practiced all the time, deliberate doubt can lead to a different belief. E．By turning doubt into a deliberate process, we open ourselves to new possibilities. F．Deliberate doubt is the practice of actively questioning our beliefs and assumptions. G．Deliberate doubt can help us to develop a more open-minded approach to the world. （2024·北京西城·二模）Want to write better? There’s a new book that says simple writing is best. Do you check your text messages before sending? 61 If not, you might prefer getting things done fast, even if they’re not perfect. This book argues that it’s important to write carefully, even for quick messages. Todd Rogers and Jessica Lasky Fink, from Harvard, wrote “Writing For Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyone’s busy today. People get lots of messages every day, from emails to texts. 62 Deciding what to read, skim, or ignore happens many times a day for almost everyone. The authors share good writing tips, like cutting unnecessary words and using simple words everyone knows. They say it’s important to keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is more. For example, they sent an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey. They made the email shorter, from 127 to 49 words, and got double the responses (from 2.7% to 4.8%). 63 The same is true for text messages. In another test, they sent a short message asking parents to take a survey. It got more responses than a longer, more sympathetic one. Sometimes, being short and clear works better than being kind but ignored. It’s not just what you say, but how quickly you say it that matters. It’s not just about word count. 64 Reducing the number of options has the same effect. Short, active sentences with common words are best. From posts to online reviews, following these rules gets more likes and shares. Serious writers should pay attention too. A study found that companies using long sentences and complicated words were seen as less moral and trustworthy. 65 It might be tempting to send messages quickly and hope for the best. But taking time to write for your readers has benefits. If you send a rushed message that readers ignore, it’s like you didn’t send it at all. A．If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer too. B．They can also get puzzled by social media platforms. C．If you do, you probably like making even the simplest messages perfect. D．They found that longer messages make people think the task will take longer. E．Keeping messages to one idea, or as few as possible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted on. F．Your goal is to convey enough passion that your readers think the issue in your message is worth caring about. G．Explaining the thinking behind your messages will allow readers to see that you know what you’re talking about. （2024·北京通州·模拟预测）Before you head out to a fun event where there will be many people, you should be aware of the dangers of a crowd crush (拥挤的人群), whose possibility adds up during the festivals or on some celebrating occasions. Though the risk of crowd crush is rare, it can be deadly when it happens. Crowd crush occurs when many people are packed together and begin to fall over one another. In the past, such instances have caused horrible injury and even death. 66 Before attending a crowded event, look up a map of the venue. 67 Once you arrive, choosing the right spot can be crucial. Avoid the middle or front; instead, pick the back or edges of a crowd. It s also important to trust your feelings. Stay aware to see if you feel packed in at any point. The more crowded the event becomes, the sooner you may need to move to a safe place. 68 The most important thing you can do is stay on your feet. To do this, spread your feet apart and bend your knees a little. Also make sure to move with the flow of the crowd. Trying to move against a crowd of people will only end in disaster. Helping others is another great way to keep everyone safe. Once one person falls down, more people tend to fall over them. 69 A common cause of death in a crowd crush isn’t being crushed but rather losing air. It’s best to hold out your arms in front of your chest. 70 It also protects your chest and lungs from being crushed on the ground should you fall. There is usually fun where the crowds are, so enjoy yourself. But meanwhile, it is also important to remember to stay alert and take care of your family members when you sense the smell of danger. A．If you do end up in a crush, here’s how you can stay safe. B．This allows space between you and the person in front of you. C．So if your neighbor in the crowd falls to the ground, help them up. D．Seeking for a safer place takes some time and is sometimes challenging. E．To avoid such an outcome, it’s best to escape the crush before it happens. F．The shortage of air means less oxygen, which will lead to serious consequences. G．This will give you an idea of the surroundings—pay special attention to any exits. （2024·北京大兴·三模）The only words you need to say after receiving a compliment (赞美) are “thank you”. But you know that's easier said than done. There are many reasons why you have a hard time accepting compliments. 71 It's a three step process. First, believe what people tell you. If you're still having a hard time taking the compliment, double check. And if it's still hard to accept then you'll have to check yourself. 72 For example, if you're six feet tall and I say, “Wow, you're tall! ” I'm being honest. I'm five foot nine, so plenty of people are tall compared to me. I'm expressing that subjectively, from my shorter vantage point, you are tall. I'm not saying everyone would agree with me. Just like if I say City of God is a great movie, I'm not saying you have to think it's a great movie. You have to listen carefully to compliments. It's not always obvious if you're being complimented for something only others can observe. If you are five foot six inches tall, and weigh seventy pounds, I would say you are slim. But if you are comparing yourself to someone who is shorter, and weighs five pounds less than you, you might call yourself plump. In this extreme example, the outside perspective is more accurate than the internal one.   73 If you're still struggling to accept a compliment, you don't just have to take someone at their word. It can be hard to accept an opinion when it's the opposite of yours, so call in reinforcements. Ask someone else what they think. 74 You can ask two or three or four more people if two isn't enough. 75 If you mislead or lie to people about your opinions, then it's not surprising that you have a hard time trusting that people's compliments are genuine. Be more honest with people around you, and you'll find it much easier to believe what people say about you. A．They will be the tie breaker. B．You can check with someone else instead. C．The causes are complicated but the path to accepting compliments is simpler. D．How honest are you with your friends and family when they ask for your opinion? E．When someone is trying to pay you a compliment, they are speaking subjectively. F．When someone pays you a compliment, they are speaking about something that is observable. G．Similarly, when I call you smart or funny, I'm commenting based on my definition of smart or funny, that's how I see you. （2024·北京大兴·模拟预测）Having a shy style isn’t necessarily a problem. 76 But shyness blocks some people from being as comfortable or sociable as they’d like to be. Some people want to feel less shy so they can have more fun socializing and being themselves around others. Here are some tips for overcoming shy feelings. 77 Practice social behaviors like eye contact, confident body language, introductions, small talk, asking questions, and invitations with the people you feel most comfortable around. Smile. Build your confidence this way. Then branch out to do this with new friends, too. Think of some conversation starters. Often, the hardest part of talking to someone new is getting started. Think of conversation openers, like introducing yourself, giving a compliment, or asking a question. 78 Give yourself a chance. Give yourself a chance to practice socializing with new people, and get to know them slowly. People who are shy often worry about failing or how others will judge them. 79 If self-criticism plays a role for you, ask yourself whether you’d be this critical of your best friend. Chances are you’d be much more accepting. So treat yourself like your own best friend. Encourage yourself instead of expecting to fail. Develop your confidence. Because shy people can be overly concerned with other people’s reactions, they don’t want to rock the boat. It can mean they are less likely to be confident. Being confident means speaking up for yourself when you should, asking for what you want or need, or telling other people when they’re stepping on your toes. Most of all, be yourself. It’s OK to try out different conversational approaches you see others using. 80 Being the real you — and daring to let yourself be noticed — is what attracts friends. A．But say and do what fits your style. B．Write down what you want to say beforehand. C．Start small with people you know. D．Worries and feelings like these can keep you from trying. E．It’s perfectly OK to take time to warm up to new people and situations. F．Find group activities where you can be with people who share your interests. G．Being ready with a conversation starter makes it easier to approach someone. （2024·北京丰台·二模）At the end of the day, most of us find ourselves on the couch, eyes glued to the television or to our smartphones, doing everything we can to conserve energy. 81 But are we hardwired (本能的) for it? According to Michael Inzlicht, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, we’re lazy and also, we’re not. All humans, given equal options, will take the easy way out. Does it mean we’re lazy? Maybe. 82 We always minimize our effort and, at the same time, maximize the amount of reward we get for that effort. A study published in the journal Neuropsychologia found that our brains may be hardwired for laziness. Even though we know the benefits of exercise, we stay glued to the couch. 83 We can’t know for sure whether there is an evolutionary (进化的) purpose to it. But that would make sense. After all, before we were able to go to the grocery store, calories were much more directly linked to effort. Every calorie we burned meant more hunting, fishing, or gathering. But there are the times when humans are the opposite of lazy and do very difficult things for no apparent reason. Some rewards only come from extensive effort. 84 Running this far might even cause more harm than good in terms of running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and so on. But we do it anyway because putting in the effort makes us feel good, says Inzlicht. 85 So, in that sense, effort is worth the effort. While humans are economically aware of effort most of the time, “in some cases, the effort itself is rewarding,” says Inzlicht. A．Think about things like running a marathon. B．It’s not completely clear why humans behave this way. C．It seems that we humans are gifted in the way of laziness. D．We similarly love to space out, our brain tired of focusing. E．But it certainly means that we’re economic with our effort. F．Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. G．Likewise, we might get a sense of pleasure or mastery from doing a crossword puzzle. （2024·北京顺义·二模）When fighting sugar dependence, avoiding added sugar in the diet is key, which sounds simple — right? It certainly does, but things become a bit more complicated once we introduce alternative sweeteners into the mix. 86 Many people think that if they replace the sugar in their diet with alternative sweeteners, they’ll be good to go, but this isn’t necessarily the case. Alternative sweeteners are everywhere. 87 For example, Stevia is a popular sugar substitute (代替者) because it is up to 200 times sweeter than sugar and provides fewer calories. Mon k fruit is another example that is free from calories, sweeter than table sugar, and gained from the juice of monk fruit. 88 Sugar alcohols provide fewer calories than regular sugar because they are not fully absorbed by the body. Now that we know some of the common types of alternative sweeteners, let’s take a deeper dive into the problem with them. Research in animals has shown that removing calories from foods that taste sweet can interrupt the ability to control energy intake. 89 If we consume high amounts of alternative sweeteners, it may heighten our preference for sweetness, resulting in the overuse of sugar-sweetened foods and drinks. The other interesting thing about alternative sweeteners is that our brains don’t recognize them as “fake (假的)” sugar. 90 Whenever a food tastes sweet, a message is sent to the brain that communicates we are tasting a sweet food — which can further feed into the sugar dependence cycle. So what do I recommend? In order to fully put a definite end to sugar dependence, reducing your intake of alternative sweeteners should be the goal. A．The taste profile of alternative sweeteners varies. B．We can’t forget about the ever-so-popular sugar alcohols. C．There are countless alternative sweeteners on the market. D．Our brain senses something sweet and thinks it is real sugar. E．They may help reduce the calorie content of good-tasting foods and drinks. F．Artificial sweeteners may also cause one’s body to prefer sweeter-tasting foods. G．Alternative sweeteners are referred to as “low-calorie” or “no-calorie” sweeteners. （2024·北京东城·一模）Today, what we have, is an always-in-your-pocket, 24/7 news cycle. When you open a news app, you’ll notice a brief moment when the “old news” is still there. In a flash, the ancient history of a few hours ago is swept away for the next “breaking news”. 91 It’s endless, but you had better keep up. Researchers introduce this world to the phrase, “noise bottleneck”. A noise bottleneck is where we are overwhelmed with so much information or noise that our cognitive (认知的) abilities can’t keep up. 92 Thus, while our attention can watch hours of videos, our long-term learning processes can’t. 93 We watch TV holding our phones, and we listen to music while shopping. However, the human brain might have structural limitation rooted in the cognitive architecture which causes the slowing down that occurs when two tasks are performed at the same time. In short, your brain is not as good as you think it is. You are a human being who can only take in so much a day. Understanding the noise bottleneck allows us to fix it. So, here are three tips to get you going: Clear your content-set up a new account on social media and follow only accounts or people that you think are really valuable.   Single-task — you don’t need to rid the phone but do rid the distractions. 94 Say, “I will only read this magazine after dinner.” Multitasking is for show; single-tasking is for pros. Accept your limits — you’ll never read all the news. Accept you can only choose two or three and embrace that fact. 95 You’re getting more out of those few than that “super-productive” person on social media who says they read five books a week. After all, it’s better to have a little remembered than a lot forgotten. A．Give yourself a time limit or restriction if it helps. B．Don’t beat yourself up that you’re being unproductive. C．Every second, you are presented with new information. D．Breaking through the noise bottleneck is a legendary idea. E．The matter is made worse by our modern addiction to multitasking. F．Multitasking has dramatically changed the way we use information. G．Our brains have limited resources, spread across numerous functions. （2024·北京西城·一模）Most of us are actually terrible at giving gifts. About $70 billion worth of presents are returned every year in the U. S. 96 Here are three ways to improve your gift-giving game around the holidays. Stop trying to make your gifts so delightful. 97 We want something from giving: those looks of delight. Those exclamations. This is why items like hyper-specific kitchen gadgets and fancy vintage clocks all seem like fantastic gifts. But it turns out, recipients often want things that are far more practical — things they can actually use. 98 Just give people what they ask for. A study looked at Amazon wish lists to determine if people were more appreciative of gifts from the list versus gifts that were total surprises. It turned out that people who got gifts that weren’t on their list considered them as less thoughtful and less personal. 99 How can we create a gift-giving plan that is as emotional as we desire? Humans love to feel connected. And one way we do that is by sharing interests with others. So if you want to learn how to give better gifts, put yourself in the recipient’s shoes and try to think of something you both share. Maybe it’s the love for a sport, drinking wine, or some other hobby. 100 And because you picked something you share, they will feel more connected to you and appreciate your gift more. A．So how do we get less terrible? B．Surprise is overrated — we’re happier to get what we ask for. C．So what's the most practical gift you can give that people might actually be grateful for? D．The long-term pleasure of the receiver may not be observed and therefore is discounted. E．Once you’ve found a shared interest, go and find a useful gift related to this interest. F．What recipients care about is how much value they’re going to get from the gift over a longer time period. G．Research has shown that givers are consumed by the moment of unwrapping a gift even more than the gift itself. 试卷第20页，共21页 试卷第1页，共21页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 《2025届高考英语名校模拟真题速递》（北京专用） 专题05 【5年真题1年模拟】阅读理解七选五10年真题50题+最新模拟100题 （技能+真题+模拟）解析版 目录 技能专区 1 真题专区 2 模拟专区 15 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货 一、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。 在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。 二、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容关键词，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。 文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。 三、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。 根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。 四、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。 在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。 五、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。 真题专区：练真题，明方向，补漏洞，提能力 真题演练01（2024·北京·高考真题）If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. ___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. ___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 【答案】35. G36. C37. D38. F39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。 35.根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 36.根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 37.根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面”引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。 38.根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 39.根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 真题演练02（2023·北京·高考真题）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A. Higher education has achieved its true potential. B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 1. D 2. F 3. G 4. B 5. E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。 1. 根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。 2. 根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。 3. 空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。 4. 根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。 5. 根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。 真题演练03（2022·北京·高考真题）Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 6 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. 7 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 8 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 9 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 10 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 6. G 7. B 8. D 9. F 10. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。 6. 根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。 7. 根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。 8. 根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。 9. 根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。 10. 根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。 真题演练04（2021·北京·高考真题）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 11 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes. 12 However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels. This，of course，can lead to less pain. Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 13 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety. When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 14 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit. 15 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable. A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems. B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud. C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing. D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep. E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive. F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety. G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were. 11. F 12. B 13. D 14. G 15. E 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。 11. 空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。 12. 空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。 13. 空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。 14. 空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。 15. 空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。 真题演练05（2020·北京·高考真题）Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 16 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. 17 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships. 18 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 19 In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 20 Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health. A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either. B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well. F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking. G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small. 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. G 20. A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。 16. 根据上文“Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negative self-talks可对应到B选项中Negative self-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。 17. 根据后文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中People who think positively以及Positive thinking可对应到D选项中Positive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。 18. 根据后文“For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。 19. 根据上文“Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。 20. 根据上文“In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。 真题演练06（2019·北京·高考真题）Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 21 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent? 22 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance. To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 23 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” 24 Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force. 25 An A-team may require a balance--not just A players, but a few generous B players as well. A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent. C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. 21. B 22. E 23. G 24. D 25. F 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。 21. 上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。 22. 下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和棒球。结果有好有坏。”这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。 23. 上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。 24. 上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。 25. 下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。 真题演练07（2018·北京·高考真题）Why Do We Get Angry? Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 26 Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 27 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits. Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 28 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. 29 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. 30 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye. G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. 26. F 27. G 28. E 29. A 30. D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。 26. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因： triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），our assessment of situations，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。 27. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截止日期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现象，故G选项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。 28. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，pre-anger并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的pre-anger，故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. （拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。）承上启下，故选E。 29. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成pre-anger或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故A选项（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选A。 30. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D选项（愤怒是一种特别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D。 点睛：七选五解题策略之一：词语复现 词语复现包括原词复现和同反义词复现，及正确选项和空格前后句子有相同的词或同反义词相互呼应。抓住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。在第一小题中，空前的the main reasons和G选项中的these reasons属于原词复现。第二小题空前文提到的trigger，G选项中的trigger，和空后一句中的trigger也属于原词复现。 真题演练08（2017·北京·高考真题）Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 31 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 32 We  know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.   33 Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 34 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 35 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says. A. We should also try to sleep well the night before. B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 31. C 32. E 33. F 34. G 35. B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。 31. 根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month.当实验室的老鼠不允许睡觉时，一个月他们就死了，因此推断C项“同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病”，人和动物对应起来，死和生病形成对应，故选C。 32. 前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆，因此推断学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。 33. 该空为段尾句，是对该段前面内容的总结，同时，结合第四段第一句话中的代词he可以知道，该空中必然包含一个人名，否则he就失去了所指对象，选项中包含人名的选项有F和G，但只有F选项能与第三段的内容衔接. 也就是说，睡眠会帮助清除一部分记忆，为新记忆腾出空间，按照研究人员Tononi的话说，"睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价"。故选F。 34. 根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the  mice以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词synapses，mice，都与他的实验有关，故选G。 35. 该空为尾段的倒数第二句话，应该与其前后的句子意义连贯. 该空前面一句里出现了protect、stay，而该空后面一句出现了keep、matter，正好与选项B里的preserve和important呼应. 也就是说，重要的记忆会被保留下来。前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。 真题演练09（2016·北京·高考真题）The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 36 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work? The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 37 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 38 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 39 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 40 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 36. F 37. C 38. A 39. E 40. G 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关. 36. 根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样. 故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。 37. 根据前文Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring. 喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。 38. 根据前文So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it. 也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。 39. 根据前文scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。 40. 根据下文For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。 真题演练10（2015·北京·高考真题）This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 41 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 42 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.   Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 43 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 44 Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 45 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A. Having interesting things to think about also helps. B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes. D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. 41. B 42. C 43. E 44. A 45. G 【导语】本文属于说明文.本文介绍了白日做梦的概念，解释了为什么白日做梦者常常被认为粗神经，但也是某些创意和成就的背后推手。文章提出了一些有助于白日做梦的方法，以及如何避免在需要专注的时候白日做梦。最后强调，创意有时出其不意而又不可预测。 41. 根据前文“ Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. (白日梦者的坏名声是他们对周围发生的事情一无所知。他们看起来健忘、笨拙。)”可知，此处强调白日梦者因为对周围发生的一切一无所知，所以看起来健忘、笨拙。B选项“They stare off into space and wander by themselves.(他们凝视着填空，独自踱步。)”与前文承接，指出白日梦者同样因为眼神放空，来回独自踱步而导致他们坏名声。同时该选项与后文“They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. (他们惹恼了我们，因为他们似乎忽略了我们，错过了重要的事情。)”构成并列，都在讲述白日梦者的坏名声来源，B选项符合语境，故选B。 42. 根据前文“But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. (但是，人类历史上一些最伟大的想法和成就也是由白日梦者产生的。)”可知，此处与前文构成转折关系，强调白日梦者们取得的巨大成绩即人类历史上一些最伟大的想法和成就也是由白日梦者产生的。后文应对此进行具体说明。C选项“Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes.(没有白日梦者们，我们就不会有相对论、可乐和便利贴。)”承接前文，指出人类历史中，白日梦者们做出的成绩，符合文意。故选C。 43. 根据上句“Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. (感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。)”可知，此处强调感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。后文应该解释为什么感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。E选项“It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.(它包括缓慢、稳定的自我控制呼吸，帮助人们保持冷静和专注。)”选项中的it指代前句的动名词短语feeling safe and relaxed即缓慢、稳定的自我控制呼吸，帮助人们保持冷静和专注，由此会帮助你进入白日梦，符合语境。故选E。 44. 根据前文“It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.(同样重要的是，知道如何在你真正需要集中注意力的时候避免做白日梦。“正念”，集中注意力，是一些人用来避免入睡的工具。)”可知，此处强调的是如何在你真正需要集中注意力的时候避免做白日梦，如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦，集中注意力是一种方式。 考查逻辑关系。本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦。A选项“Having interesting things to think about also helps.( 有有趣的事情可以思考也有帮助。)”可知，思考感兴趣的事情也可以帮助避免不合时宜的白日梦。此处的also与前文构成并列关系，符合语境。故选A。 45. 根据前文“Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away(最后，你永远不知道当你的大脑慢慢移动时，会有什么绝妙的想法出现)”可知，此处强调你确定不了自己大脑在运转时会有怎样的想法出现，后文应该强调对此问题如何解决。G选项“Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.( 因此，当你处于白日梦状态时，在身边放一个笔记本或录音机是个好主意。)”承接前文，指出应该带一个本子随时记，随时记录自己的想法。该选项符合语境。故选G。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练速度，补漏洞，强信心！ （23-24高二下·北京通州·期末）Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds. 1 So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation. For example, if you’re writing about human living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body. Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds. And you have to follow them. If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. 2 That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you. If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, you will pull the readers out of their imagination. 3 Part of your preparatory work for the novel is to map out its worlds in great detail. You should decide the following issues: the history of the world, the geography, what possibilities it offers, how everything works in this new reality, and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think, feel, and react to things. You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. 4 This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing. 5 You are inviting readers to visit a new world. They will want to be able to see, hear, feel, smell and even taste what it’s like. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like they’re actually there. A．The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust. B．Your characters must be based on imagination only. C．When you are writing, remember to make it feel real. D．Instead, you only need to follow the rules all the way. E．The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway. F．But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on. G．The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science. 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．E 4．F 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章为科幻作家提供了关于科幻作品创作的注意事项。 1．前文“Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds. (科幻作家创造想象的世界。)”提到科幻作家的想象世界，后文“So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation. (所以熟悉与你的创作相关的科学原理和发明是很重要的。)”指出熟悉科学原理和发明很重要，因此G项“The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science. (在你想象的世界中，事物的工作方式将基于实际的科学。)”符合语境，指出想象的世界也基于科学来运作，承上启下，其中的imaginary worlds在前文有同词复现，science与后文的scientific呼应。故选G。 2．前文“If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. (如果人类能够在第一章中在水下呼吸，那么你的角色就不能在第三章中淹死在游泳池中。)”以具体的例子说明科幻世界要遵循设定，后文“That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you. (这意味着读者愿意假装和你在一起。)”进一步解释前一句的内容，与读者的信任相关，因此A项“The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust. (这里的问题是如何维持读者的信任。)”符合语境，指出关键是维持读者的信任，承上启下，其中的maintaining your readers’ trust是后文That的指代对象，readers在后文有同词复现。故选A。 3．前文“If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, you will pull the readers out of their imagination. (如果你从一本普通的侦探小说开始，然后在第六章加入一个在水下呼吸的人，你会把读者从他们的想象中拉出来。)”举出具体的不遵循设定的写作情况，指出其负面影响，因此E项“The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway. (如果你中途改变规则，也会发生同样的事情。)”符合语境，举出中途改变规则的情况，和前文是并列关系，其中的The same thing指代前文的you will pull the readers out of their imagination。故选E。 4．前文“You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. (你不必在第一章就告诉你的读者所有的规则。)”提醒不必在开始就呈现所有规则，因此F项“But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on. (但你必须让读者知道足够的信息，以便理解发生了什么。)”符合语境，提醒要给出足够的信息，和前文是转折关系。故选F。 5．根据后文“You are inviting readers to visit a new world. They will want to be able to see, hear, feel, smell and even taste what it’s like. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like they’re actually there. (你在邀请读者去参观一个新的世界。他们希望能够看到、听到、感觉到、闻到甚至品尝到它是什么样子的。无论你的小说是关于一个没有疾病的世界还是一个未被发现的星球，让你的读者觉得他们真的在那里。)”可知，本段主要建议科幻世界要让读者有身临其境的感觉，空处位于段首，应该与为读者创造真实的感觉相关，因此C项“When you are writing, remember to make it feel real. (当你在写作时，记得让它感觉真实。)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选C。 （23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）What Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? Chickens are one of the most economically important animals in the world today. 6 , Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. 7 . It was this trait of productive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the domestic chicken so attractive to ancient peoples 8 . They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs.  The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. 9 . In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence for the loss of seasonal egg laying yet identified in the archaeological record. Meanwhile, it is an important clue for better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relationships between humans and animals that resulted in domestication Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. 10 . A．To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work. B．The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. C．Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear. D．Research shows chickens were bred throughout southern Central Asia, and were spread along the ancient Silk Road. E．The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl F．They argue that the loss of seasonal egg laying was the main drive for the spread of domestic chickens across Eurasia and northeast Africa G．As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. 【答案】6．C 7．B 8．A 9．E 10．G 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章探讨了关于鸡与鸡蛋的经典问题，并通过介绍一项新的考古研究成果，阐述了家鸡驯化史中关于鸡蛋生产的重要发现，以及这些发现对理解家鸡起源和传播的意义。 6．由下文的“Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. (考古学方法的最新进展揭示了许多曾经被认为是早期鸡的证据的骨头发现，实际上属于野生鸟类，)”可知，下文则提到了关于鸡的考古新发现，说明对于鸡如何起源和传播的故事并不清晰。因此，C选项“Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear (然而，它们如何起源并在古代世界中传播的故事仍很大程度上不清楚)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。 7．由上文的“Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. (现在，在一份新的出版物中，一个由考古学家、历史学家和生物分子科学家组成的国际团队提出了最早的明确证据，证明养鸡是为了产蛋。研究人员从12个考古遗址收集了大约1500年的蛋壳碎片，研究人员表明，从公元前400年到公元1000年，鸡在中亚被广泛饲养，并可能沿着古丝绸之路传播。)”可知，科学家发现大量的蛋壳，本空继续谈论这些蛋壳的发现的意义。B选项“The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. (大量蛋壳进一步表明，这些鸟是在淡季产卵的。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 8．根据下文的“They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs.   The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. (他们从丝绸之路中亚主要走廊沿线的遗址收集了数以万计的蛋壳碎片。然后，他们使用一种称为ZooMS的生物分子分析方法来确定卵子的来源。这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，下文谈论了团队做的工作，故本空也与团队做的工作有关。A选项“To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work (为了得出这些结论，团队做了大量工作)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。 9．根据上文的“The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. (这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，本空要阐述这一结论，根据下文的“In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). (在野外，这种鸟每年筑巢一次，通常每窝产六个蛋)”可知，这种鸟下蛋更多，E选项“The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl (这些鸟一定比它们的野生祖先红原鸡更频繁地下蛋)”是对研究结果的直接阐述，能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 10．根据上文的“Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. (总的来说，这项新研究为古老的鸡生蛋还是蛋生鸡之谜提供了答案。)”可知，最后一个空格要求总结全文，总结研究的核心发现。G选项“As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. (正如中亚的证据所表明的那样，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡。)”既回应了文章开头的问题，也总结了研究的核心发现，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 （23-24高二下·北京海淀·期末）Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bare arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. 11 There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. 12 Think about a time when you’ve stubbed your toe. There doesn’t seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time. 13 If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. 14 So his brain perceived pain to match the experience. Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. 15 However, it is an important part of human life and survival! A．Pain is not fun to feel. B．Pain is a response to a stimulus. C．Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel. D．Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival. E．All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive. F．It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong. G．However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm. 【答案】11．F 12．E 13．D 14．G 15．A 【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章通过日常生活中的例子解释了疼痛的感觉机制、疼痛对人类生存的重要作用及其有时与实际伤害无关的现象，旨在向读者普及关于疼痛的生物学知识及其对身体健康的意义。 11．由上文“Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bar e arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. (想象一下：你在烤饼干。当你把平底锅从烤箱里拿出来的时候，你的手臂不小心碰到了它。哎哟！你为什么感到疼痛？你的大脑是如何感知疼痛的？我们可能不喜欢疼痛，但我们的身体需要它作为一种警告系统。)”可知，接下来的句子会进一步阐述疼痛作为一种警告系统的功能。因此，选项F“It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong (这是大脑的一项重要功能，它告诉我们的身体何时出了问题)”承接了上文的“警告系统”，符合题意。故选F。 12．由上文“There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. (我们的皮肤和身体中有一些特殊的受体细胞，它们对某些刺激很敏感。这些细胞被称为“伤害感受器”。当伤害感受器受到疼痛刺激时，它会向大脑发送信息。大脑处理这些信息，然后感觉疼痛。)”可知，上文描述了疼痛信号如何从皮肤的受体细胞发送到大脑并被感知的过程，紧接着应该继续讨论这一过程。因此，选项E“All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive (所有这些信号发送和处理的速度都快于我们的感知速度)”解释了为什么疼痛感觉似乎是即时发生的，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 13．由下文“If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. (如果我们受伤了，疼痛会提醒我们休息，让伤口愈合。如果我们站得离火太近，疼痛会告诉我们走开。感觉不到疼痛是很危险的。有些人能感觉到触摸之类的感觉，但他们感觉不到疼痛。如果感觉不到疼痛，当他们需要休息或治疗时，他们就无法倾听自己身体的声音。)”可知，本空之后的内容讲述的是疼痛的实际作用，比如提醒我们休息和避免进一步伤害。因此，这里需要一个过渡句来引出疼痛的正面意义。选项D“Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival (尽管疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它对人类生存是必要的)”既承认了疼痛的负面特性，又引出了其必要性，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。 14．由上文“On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. (另一方面，大脑有时在对身体没有任何实际伤害的情况下处理疼痛。这里有一个著名的故事：一个人踩到了钉子。它穿过了他的鞋底，他感到非常痛苦。当医生脱掉他的鞋子时，他们发现钉子在他的脚趾之间！它根本没有进到他的脚里)”可知，这个故事的例子说明了即使没有实际受伤，大脑也可能感知到疼痛。因此，需要一个选项来解释这种现象。选项G“However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm (然而，视觉信息欺骗了他的大脑，使其认为有理由警觉)”很好地解释了为何在没有实际伤害的情况下，这个人仍然感到疼痛，因为大脑根据错误的信息做出了反应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 15．由上文“Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. (没有疼痛，我们可能不知道什么时候需要休息。我们可能不知道我们是否有伤害自己的危险。)”和下文“However, it is an important part of human life and survival! (然而，它是人类生命和生存的重要组成部分！)”可知，本空需要一个总结性的句子，重申疼痛虽不愉快，但对于人类生存的重要性。选项A“Pain is not fun to feel (感受疼痛并不有趣)”自然而然地引向了全文的结论，即疼痛作为一种必要的预警机制对于生存的价值，能承接上文，并于下文构成转折，符合题意。故选A。 （23-24高二下·北京石景山·期末）Some people think that success is only for those with talent or who grow up in the right family. Others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence. 16 However, to succeed in life, you need to set a goal. 17 To get really good at something, you need to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time. Most people won’t put in that time. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it will feel like unbearable pain. You will likely quit before you become good at it. 18    When you see people with great skills or who have achieved great success, remember they have dedicated a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. 19 But thinking that way does you no good, and you’re probably wrong. 20 You must almost reach the point of addiction and keep at it for a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee the level of success you want. But it will guarantee you become really good at whatever you dedicate yourself to. A．That’s just how life is. B．One cannot succeed without time. C．And then, you need to make it practical. D．Successful people like to show their great skills and talent. E．It’s easy to think they got lucky or were born with rare talent. F．This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. G．Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out. 【答案】16．A 17．C 18．F 19．E 20．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了成功的关键在于设定目标，投入大量时间和努力并坚持不懈。 16．上文“I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence.(我不会说运气、天赋和环境不会发挥作用，因为它们的确会发挥作用。有些人出生在合适的家庭，而另一些人天生就很聪明)”说明实际上运气、天赋和环境的确会发挥作用，A项“生活就是这样。”承接上文，并引出下文内容“However, to succeed in life, you need to set a goal.(然而，要想在生活中取得成功，你需要设定一个目标)”，A项符合题意。故选A。 17．上文“However, to succeed in life, you need to set a goal.(然而，要想在生活中取得成功，你需要设定一个目标)”说明你需要设定目标，C项中it指代上文提及的goal，C项“然后，你需要让它变得实用。”进一步说明设定目标后需要采取的做法，承接上文，符合题意。故选C。 18．上文“If you don’t enjoy what you do, it will feel like unbearable pain. You will likely quit before you become good at it.(如果你不喜欢你所做的事情，那将是难以忍受的痛苦。你可能会在擅长之前就放弃)”说明如果你不喜欢自己所做的事情，将会产生不好的结果，所以要做自己喜欢做的事，F项中something you love是关键词汇，F项“这就是为什么许多成功人士建议你做自己喜欢的事情的一个重要原因。”承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 19．上文“When you see people with great skills or who have achieved great success, remember they have dedicated a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost.(当你看到那些拥有高超技能或取得巨大成功的人时，请记住，他们付出了巨大的代价，付出了生命中的很大一部分)”介绍拥有高超技能或取得成功的人们事实上是付出了代价的，E项中they指代上文中拥有高超技能或取得巨大成功的人，E项“人们很容易认为他们很幸运，或者天生就有罕见的天赋。”承接上文，并与下文“But thinking that way does you no good, and you’re probably wrong.(但那样想对你没有好处，而且你可能错了)”构成转折关系，符合题意。故选E。 20．下文“You must almost reach the point of addiction and keep at it for a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee the level of success you want. But it will guarantee you become really good at whatever you dedicate yourself to.(你必须几乎达到上瘾的程度，并保持很长一段时间。如果你不愿意投入时间和工作，不要指望任何回报。持续的努力工作并不能保证你想要的成功水平。但这将保证你真正擅长你所致力于的任何事情)”说明你应该坚持不懈地做事，G项“无论你做什么，如果你想变得很棒，你需要日复一日地工作。”与下文语意一致，符合题意。故选G。 （23-24高二下·北京东城·期末）Food has always been a universal language that brings people together. It has the power to bridge cultural gaps and foster understanding between nations. 21 Actually, culinary diplomacy is not a new concept. It has been practiced for centuries, with ancient civilizations using food as a means of establishing diplomatic relations. Today, it has developed into a more formalized practice, with governments recognizing its potential to build bridges and promote peace. 22 Food is deeply rooted in culture, and by sharing traditional dishes, countries can showcase their unique heritage and traditions. Through food, people can gain a deeper understanding of a nation’s history, values, and way of life. This exchange of culinary traditions can lead to a greater appreciation and respect for different cultures. Culinary diplomacy also provides a platform for dialogue between nations. 23 These gatherings create opportunities for people to engage in meaningful conversations. By breaking bread together, people can find common ground and establish connections that go beyond political differences. Furthermore, culinary diplomacy can have economic benefits for countries. By promoting their local cuisine, nations can attract tourists and boost their culinary tourism industry. 24 Additionally, culinary diplomacy can enhance a country’s soft power, as its cuisine becomes a symbol of its cultural richness and diversity. In recent years, several countries have embraced culinary diplomacy as a means of promoting their national cuisine and culture. Peru, for example, has successfully used culinary diplomacy to promote its cuisine. 25 Peru has taken advantage of this by hosting international food events and establishing culinary schools to train chefs. As a result, Peru has seen a significant increase in tourism and international recognition. Culinary diplomacy plays a crucial role in fostering cultural exchange and promoting dialogue between nations. As the world becomes more interconnected, it will continue to be a powerful tool in promoting peace and fostering global understanding. A．Culinary diplomacy can promote trade, tourism and cooperation. B．This generates profit and creates job opportunities for local people. C．One of the key roles of culinary diplomacy is fostering cultural exchange. D．Its rich culinary heritage, with dishes like ceviche, has become a global hit. E．International food festivals and events bring food enthusiasts worldwide together. F．As the saying goes, “The easiest way to win hearts and minds is through stomach.” G．This is where culinary diplomacy comes in, using food to promote cultural exchange. 【答案】21．G 22．C 23．E 24．B 25．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了烹饪外交对促进文化交流和增进国家了解的作用。 21．上句“It has the power to bridge cultural gaps and foster understanding between nations.(它有能力弥合文化差距，促进国家之间的理解。)”讲述了食物能够消除文化差距，增进国家间的理解，下一段第一句“Actually, culinary diplomacy is not a new concept.(事实上，烹饪外交并不是一个新概念。)”提到了烹饪外交，由此可知，空处应承上启下，引出下文的烹饪外交，G项“这就是烹饪外交的用武之地，利用食物促进文化交流。”符合题意。故选G。 22．根据下文“Food is deeply rooted in culture, and by sharing traditional dishes, countries can showcase their unique heritage and traditions. Through food, people can gain a deeper understanding of a nation’s history, values, and way of life. This exchange of culinary traditions can lead to a greater appreciation and respect for different cultures.(食物深深植根于文化，通过分享传统菜肴，各国可以展示其独特的遗产和传统。通过食物，人们可以更深入地了解一个国家的历史、价值观和生活方式。这种烹饪传统的交流可以使人们更加欣赏和尊重不同的文化。)”可知，下文讲述了食物文化交流的意义，空处应引出下文内容，C项“烹饪外交的关键作用之一是促进文化交流。”符合题意。故选C。 23．根据前文“Culinary diplomacy also provides a platform for dialogue between nations.(烹饪外交也为各国之间的对话提供了一个平台。)”和后文“These gatherings create opportunities for people to engage in meaningful conversations.(这些聚会为人们创造了进行有意义对话的机会。)”可知，空处应和platform和gatherings有关，E项“国际美食节和活动将世界各地的美食爱好者聚集在一起。”符合题意。故选E。 24．前文“Furthermore, culinary diplomacy can have economic benefits for countries. By promoting their local cuisine, nations can attract tourists and boost their culinary tourism industry.(此外，烹饪外交可以为各国带来经济利益。通过推广当地美食，各国可以吸引游客，促进烹饪旅游业的发展。)”讲述了烹饪外交可以带来经济利益，推广当地美食可以促进烹饪旅游业的发展，结合空后一句“Additionally, culinary diplomacy can enhance a country’s soft power, as its cuisine becomes a symbol of its cultural richness and diversity.(此外，烹饪外交可以增强一个国家的软实力，因为它的美食成为其文化丰富性和多样性的象征。)”可知，后文讲述了烹饪外交的可以增强国家软实力的另一层好处，由此可知，空处应承接上文，进一步讲述烹饪外交产生的经济好处，B项“这为当地人创造了利润和就业机会。”符合题意。故选B。 25．前文“Peru, for example, has successfully used culinary diplomacy to promote its cuisine.(例如，秘鲁成功地利用烹饪外交来推广其美食。)”讲述了秘鲁利用烹饪外交推广美食，空处应进一步讲述推广美食的影响，D项“其丰富的烹饪传统，如酸橘汁腌鱼等菜肴，已成为全球热门。”符合题意。故选D。 （23-24高二下·北京昌平·期末）As we carefully select our outfits each day, we may not always realize the influence our clothing choices have on our mood, behavior, and even how others understand us. 26 Studies have shown that dressing well can significantly affect how we feel about ourselves and our abilities. When we wear outfits that make us feel confident and comfortable, we are more likely to make a positive impression on others. Our clothing choices are like a personal canvas (画布). 27 Whether it’s a vintage-inspired dress or a bold graphic tee, our clothes become a reflection of who we are. Fashion is a powerful tool that helps us communicate with the world and form connections with like-minded individuals. Have you ever noticed how wearing a particular outfit can change your mood? 28 For instance, bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. 29 The link between colors and emotions plays a vital role in shaping our outlook on the day. Clothes we wear can also influence our behavior and cognitive processes. For example, wearing formal business suit might signal the brain that it’s time to focus and be productive, while more relaxed clothing might encourage a more casual approach. 30 So, the next time you dress up, remember the huge influence your outfit can have, and embrace the opportunity to express yourself through the art of fashion. A．Clothing can give rise to various emotional responses. B．Correct clothes conveys that you are interested in the job. C．On the other hand, wearing darker might create a feeling of seriousness. D．Thus, the right outfit can give us confidence needed to conquer the day ahead. E．It allows us to express our beliefs, interests, and emotions without saying a single word. F．Choosing the right for specific occasions can, therefore, enhance our performance and efficiency. G．The phrase “dress for success” holds true when it comes to the impact of clothes on self-confidence. 【答案】26．G 27．E 28．A 29．C 30．F 【导语】本文属于说明文，主要讨论了服装选择对个人情绪、行为以及他人印象的影响。 26．由上文“As we carefully select our outfits each day, we may not always realize the influence our clothing choices have on our mood, behavior, and even how others understand us. (当我们每天仔细挑选服装时，我们可能并不总是意识到我们的服装选择对我们的情绪、行为甚至别人如何理解我们的影响。)”和下文的“Studies have shown that dressing well can significantly affect how we feel about ourselves and our abilities. When we wear outfits that make us feel confident and comfortable, we are more likely to make a positive impression on others. (研究表明，穿着得体可以显著影响我们对自己和能力的感觉。当我们穿着让我们感到自信和舒适的服装时，我们更有可能给别人留下积极的印象。)”可知，我们的着装选择对自我感觉和能力的影响可知，这里需要一个总结性的话语来概括这种正面影响，尤其是关于自信方面。因此，G选项“The phrase “dress for success” holds true when it comes to the impact of clothes on self-confidence.(“穿着成功”这一说法在衣服对自信心的影响方面是千真万确的）能承上启下，强调了正确着装对于提升自信的作用。故选G。 27．根据下文的“Whether it’s a vintage-inspired dress or a bold graphic tee, our clothes become a reflection of who we are. Fashion is a powerful tool that helps us communicate with the world and form connections with like-minded individuals. (无论是复古风格的连衣裙还是大胆的图案t恤，我们的衣服都能反映出我们是谁。时尚是一个强大的工具，它帮助我们与世界交流，并与志同道合的人建立联系。)”可知，下文讨论的是衣物作为个人表达的媒介，需要一个句子说明服装如何无声地传达个人的内在。E选项“It allows us to express our beliefs, interests, and emotions without saying a single word. (它使我们无需说一句话就能表达我们的信念、兴趣和情感。)”能引起下文，强调了服装是一种非言语的表达方式。故选E。 28．由下文的“For instance, bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. (例如，明亮的颜色和欢快的图案可以提升我们的精神，带来一种幸福感。)”可知，此处需要一个句子引出服装与情绪之间的关系，特别是服装如何能够改变我们的心情。A选项“Clothing can give rise to various emotional responses. (服装可以引发各种情绪反应。)”能引起下文，直接指出了服装与情绪反应之间的关联。故选A。 29．由上文的“For instance, bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. (例如，明亮的颜色和欢快的图案可以提升我们的精神，带来一种幸福感。)”可知，上文提到了明亮颜色和欢快图案对提升心情的作用，接下来应该继续讨论颜色对情绪的具体影响。C选项“On the other hand, wearing darker might create a feeling of seriousness. (另一方面，穿深色可能会产生一种严肃感。)”与前文形成对比，补充说明了不同色彩对情绪的不同影响。故选C。 30．由上文的“Clothes we wear can also influence our behavior and cognitive processes. For example, wearing formal business suit might signal the brain that it’s time to focus and be productive, while more relaxed clothing might encourage a more casual approach. (我们穿的衣服也会影响我们的行为和认知过程。例如，穿正式的商务套装可能会向大脑发出信号，告诉你是时候集中精力工作了，而更轻松的衣服可能会鼓励你更随意。)”可知，此处需要一个句子总结服装如何影响我们的行为和认知过程，并且与上文中的“正式商务装”和“休闲装”的例子相呼应。F选项“Choosing the right for specific occasions can, therefore, enhance our performance and efficiency. (因此，为特定场合选择合适的着装可以提高我们的表现和效率。)”强调了恰当着装对提升个人效能的重要性，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 （23-24高二下·北京西城·期末）Highly sensitive person, or HSP, is a term coined by psychologist Elaine Aron. According to research, in every five people, there’s one HSP. 31 HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. 32 The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) power”. Usually, people associate “insensitivity” with something bad, but insensitivity does not equal dullness. 33 That is, calmly facing the setbacks and downtime in life and firmly moving towards one’s own direction. It is the “means and wisdom to win a better life”, as a Japanese author writes in the book The Power of Insensitivity. According to him, the world will be better if we focus on the major goals and stay insensitive to anything else. 34 One of the important reasons is that behind insensitivity is strong self-awareness or self-confidence. Knowing yourself is difficult, but knowing yourself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability. One of the qualities shared by many successful people is: they all clearly know where their strengths are, what they want, and what direction to go. To practice insensitivity, the first step is to avoid overthinking. Resist the urge to overanalyze situations, and redirect your focus towards actionable steps within your control. Secondly, don’t pay too much attention to the ups and downs of life at the moment. Rather, you should be looking forward. Additionally, set clear boundaries. 35 Remember not to get too involved in other people’s business and set limits that keep you safe from outside pressures. As a unique wisdom of life, the power of insensitivity gives completely new inspiration to modern people. Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A．Everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. B．That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C．It emphasizes determination when it comes to difficulties. D．Avoid focusing too much on what others are doing or thinking. E．Regarding relationships, learn to view the problem as two parts. F．Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. G．Why can insensitivity allow a person to better adapt in a competitive environment? 【答案】31．F 32．B 33．C 34．G 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章的主旨是讨论高度敏感人群（HSP）的特点以及不敏感性的力量。 31．根据前文“Highly sensitive person, or HSP, is a term coined by psychologist Elaine Aron. According to research, in every five people, there’s one HSP. (高敏感者，简称HSP，是心理学家伊莱恩·阿伦创造的一个术语。根据研究，每五个人中就有一个高敏感人群。)”以及后文“HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. (高敏感人群自我意识强;他们可能难以适应新环境，在社交场合表现出看似不恰当的情绪反应，并且很容易对光线、声音或某些身体感觉做出不舒服的反应。)”可知，前文提出每五个人中就有一个高敏感人群，后文描述了HSP的一些特点，如强烈的自我意识、难以适应新环境、在社交场合表现出看似不适当的情绪反应等。故设空处应该对这些挑战进行总结概括。F选项“Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges.(作为一个高度敏感的人会面临许多挑战。)” 对前文内容的总结，符合语境。故选F。 32．根据前文“HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. (高敏感人群自我意识强;他们可能难以适应新环境，在社交场合表现出看似不恰当的情绪反应，并且很容易对光线、声音或某些身体感觉做出不舒服的反应。)”可知，HSP人群面临着诸多挑战。B选项“That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from.( 这就是需要不敏感性的原因所在)”与前文关于HSP面临的挑战相呼应，指出“不敏感性”是解决HSP人群面临挑战的措施，同时引出了下文对不敏感性的讨论。故选B。 33．根据前文“The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) power”. Usually, people associate “insensitivity” with something bad, but insensitivity does not equal dullness. (不敏感的力量可以解释为“迟钝的力量”。通常，人们把“不敏感”和不好的事情联系在一起，但不敏感并不等于迟钝。)”可知，此处提到不敏感性被视为一种“迟钝的力量”，人们通常把“不敏感”和不好的事情联系在一起。而“迟钝的力量”即不敏感性是解决HSP人群面临挑战的措施，因此后文应该对其真正的含义进行解释。C选项“It emphasizes determination when it comes to difficulties.(当遇到困难时，它强调决心)”强调当遇到困难时，“不敏感性”强调的是决心，与后文的“That is, calmly facing the setbacks and downtime in life and firmly moving towards one’s own direction. (就是坦然面对生活中的挫折和停歇，坚定地朝着自己的方向前进。)”在面对生活中的挫折和低谷时，能够冷静地面对并坚定地走向自己的方向相呼应。C选项中的it指代前文的The power of insensitivity，与前后文形成呼应，符合语境。故选C。 34．根据后文“ One of the important reasons is that behind insensitivity is strong self-awareness or self-confidence. (一个重要的原因是，不敏感的背后是强烈的自我意识或自信。)”可知，此处强调不敏感的背后是强烈的自我意识或自信。G选项“Why can insensitivity allow a person to better adapt in a competitive environment?( 为什么不敏感性可以让一个人在竞争环境中更好地适应？)”是一个引导句，引出了下文对“不敏感性”在竞争环境中的作用的讨论。后文提到了不敏感性背后的原因之一是强大的自我意识或自信，这与G选项中的问题相呼应。故选G。 35．根据前文“Additionally, set clear boundaries. (另外，设定清晰的界限。)”可知，此处强调与他人设定清晰的界限。D选项“Avoid focusing too much on what others are doing or thinking.( 避免过分关注别人在做什么或想什么)”与前文提到的“设置明确的界限”相呼应。这里建议人们不要过于关注他人的事务，设置界限以保护自己免受外界压力的影响。这与D选项中的建议相符。故选D。 （23-24高二下·北京朝阳·期末）If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say? 36 For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it. But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction. 37 This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies. The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends. 38 Instead, the team was showing how easy it is to create what appears to be a data-driven measure of an addictive behavior, which actually is a normal part of everyday life. The idea of being addicted to offline friendships is ridiculous, but that is what is happening in the digital technology research literature. We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive. 39 It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use. 40 Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it. Thinking about our technology use in terms of habit offers us a much wider range of options. Rather than getting rid of technology altogether, we can seek our digital experience that promote positive effects while minimizing negative impacts. A．Many of us are likely to develop bad habits. B．Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral. C．For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind. D．This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad. E．Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing. F．A recent study has revealed evidence that shows positive effects of digital use. G．Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire. 【答案】36．C 37．G 38．E 39．D 40．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了我们与手机等数字技术的关系。 36．根据上文“If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say?(如果让你描述一下你和手机的关系，你会怎么说？)”和下文“For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it.(对于我们这些经常使用数字技术的人来说，我们不可避免地会认为我们过度使用了)”可知，对于上文问题的回答应该是上瘾，C项中的“addicted”和下文中的“overdone”对应。C项：For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind.(对许多人来说，“上瘾”这个词会跃入脑海)符合语境。故选C。 37．根据上文“But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction.(但我们真的对屏幕上瘾了吗？对于绝大多数用户来说，答案是否定的，因为目前还没有关于数字成瘾的正式标准)”和下文“This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies.(这项测试对大约800人进行了测试，使用了许多其他研究中采用的标准)”可知，空处提到了一项测试，解释说明上文提出的观点。G项：Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire.(早在2020年，一个团队就使用标准技术做了一份离线朋友成瘾调查问卷)符合语境。故选G。 38．根据上文“The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends.(研究小组发现，69%的参与者可能被诊断为与朋友共度时光成瘾)”可知，研究团队发现69%的参与者可以被诊断为过度沉迷于与朋友相处的时间，但这里并不是要引发对社交的新道德恐慌。E项：Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing.(很明显，这样做的目的并不是要在社交方面引发新的道德恐慌)正好解释了这一点，它表明这项研究的真正目的并不是要制造恐慌，而是有其他更深的含义或目的，符合语境。故选E。 39．根据上文“We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive.(研究人员将人们对一项活动的享受与它有可能上瘾的想法结合起来，这让我们陷入了困境)”可知，上文提到研究人员提出的一项活动的享受与它有可能上瘾的想法，对于我们的认知产生了不好的影响，空处承接上文，指出后果。D项：This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad.(这最终导致人们相信这种活动自然是不好的)符合语境。故选D。 40．根据上文“It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use.(的确，我们可以与我们所使用的技术建立不好的关系，但一项新的研究表明，我们需要从习惯的角度来看待我们与数字技术的关系，而不是从有问题的使用角度)”和下文“Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it.(它们对我们的幸福感有积极还是消极的影响，这不仅取决于习惯的类型，还取决于它发生的背景，发生的频率以及其他可能导致它的因素)”可知，上文提到我们应该以习惯而不是问题使用的角度来看待我们与数字技术的关系。下文进一步解释了习惯对我们福祉的影响取决于多种因素。B项：Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral.(像看手机这样的习惯是中性的)强调了习惯的中立性，并引出了后文对习惯影响的详细讨论，符合语境。故选B。 （23-24高三上·北京东城·期末）The Science of Comfort Food Certain foods always give us much pleasure. 41 However, much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they bring to us and the people we’re with while we enjoy them. 42 That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do. Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. 43 And many favorite American comfort foods—chili, say—are not particularly sweet or high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Often we love food because we have fond memories associated with it. One dish I cannot live without at a New Year party is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes, which remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. 44 Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache. In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. 45 And our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together”. I appreciate my mum’s potatoes even more today when I eat them with my husband and two children. A．Food is essential for our survival. B．These associations can go the other way, too. C．We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely. D．It shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment. E．Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel. F．Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise. G．After all, different cultures have different comfort foods. 【答案】41．E 42．A 43．G 44．B 45．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍舒适食物的科学。 41．根据上文“Certain foods always give us much pleasure. (某些食物总是给我们带来很多快乐。)”可知，这里提到某些食物给我们带来了快乐，接下来可以解释它的原因。选项E“它们的味道和营养成分会影响我们的感受。”和上文意思一致。故选E。 42．根据下文“That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do. (这就是为什么我们的大脑会通过释放一种增强情绪的化学物质来奖励我们吃任何东西。但任何吃过苹果派的人都知道，甜食会让我们感觉特别好。一项研究发现，与对甜味不太敏感的人相比，对甜味特别敏感的人对含糖食物的大脑奖励反应更强。)”可知，这一段介绍吃东西对我们的好处。选项A“食物对我们的生存至关重要。”和下文意思一致。故选A。 43．根据上文“Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. (然而，有些食物在情感上特别令人满意，原因与它们的味道或营养成分无关。)”可知，这里说明人们对不同的食物有不同的反应。选项G“毕竟，不同的文化有不同的安慰食品。”和上文意思一致。故选G。 44．根据下文“Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache. (有时，当你吃的食物让你想起你想念的亲人时，你可能会感到难过。我们也可能会避免吃那些与糟糕经历有关的食物。我从8岁起就没有吃过农家奶酪，因为这是我胃疼得从床上滚下来之前最后吃的东西。)”可知，这一段介绍的是有的食物会让人想到糟糕的经历，和上一段正好相反。选项B“这些关联也可以反过来。”和下文意思一致。故选B。 45．根据上文“In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. (除了过去的记忆，我们吃食物的环境也很重要。)”可知，这里提到我们吃食物的环境也很重要，接下来要解释重要的原因。选项D“它决定了我们此刻有多喜欢它们。”和上文意思一致。故选D。 （23-24高三上·北京顺义·期末）Flow is a cognitive (认知的) state where one is completely immersed (沉浸) in an activity — from painting and writing to yoga and surfboarding. 46    The process of flow was discovered and coined by the Hungarian-American psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative process and found that, when an artist was in the course of flow, they would insist on their task strictly, regardless of hunger or exhaustion. 47 One of Csikszentmihalyi’s key points about flow is that a person needs to push oneself out of their comfort zone to stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, one has to constantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and complexity required for the activity. 48 If your skill level goes beyond the activity, boredom will set in, which will break the state of flow. 49 One can access flow by thinking of activities like sports, dancing and painting. We can also have a flow state experience with many of our day-to-day tasks and encounters. Watching TV and video gaming, however, are not on that list. Flow can also be a tool for better emotion regulation (调节). When a person is in a state of flow, there is little need for doubts or anxieties about oneself or the world in general. 50 Through the process of flow, a person chooses to focus on a task and gain a sense of autonomy over time, body, and mind. However, pushing yourself to find the flow state can backfire. In fact, trying too hard or wondering whether you are in this state in itself goes against flow. We lose the balance between tension and skill level if we concentrate too much on the task. A．Even the uncertainties of life fall away. B．People may not realize it but anyone can find flow. C．Ask yourself if a certain task will fulfill a goal of yours. D．Flow can sometimes be viewed as a forerunner for peak performance. E．He also found that the artist would highlight the process and not the end result. F．As you practice a skill, your level of mastery will change as will the feeling of flow. G．It involves intense focus, creative engagement and the loss of awareness of time and self. 【答案】46．G 47．E 48．F 49．B 50．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于Flow状态的定义、发现者、达到这种状态的关键点、可以帮助达到这种状态的活动以及它在情感调节方面的应用。 46．根据上文内容“Flow is a cognitive (认知的) state where one is completely immersed (沉浸) in an activity—from painting and writing to yoga and surfboarding.(心流是一种认知状态，一个人完全沉浸在一种活动中——从绘画、写作到瑜伽和冲浪)”可知，上文主要介绍了心流的概念。选项G“It involves intense focus, creative engagement and the loss of awareness of time and self.(它包括高度集中注意力、创造性投入以及时间和自我意识的丧失)”是上文内容的自然延续，继续介绍了心流的相关内容。故选G。 47．根据上文内容“In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative process and found that, when an artist was in the course of flow, they would insist on their task strictly, regardless of hunger or exhaustion.(20世纪60年代，Csikszentmihalyi对创作过程进行了研究，发现当艺术家处于心流状态时，他们会严格地坚持自己的任务，无论饥饿还是疲惫)”可知，上文主要介绍了Csikszentmihalyi的发现，他发现了艺术家处于心流状态时会严格坚持自己的任务。选项E“He also found that the artist would highlight the process and not the end result.(他还发现艺术家会强调过程而不是最终结果)”中的“also”延续上文内容，指的是Csikszentmihalyi还发现艺术家会强调过程，与上文内容一致。故选E。 48．根据上文“One of Csikszentmihalyi’s key points about flow is that a person needs to push oneself out of their comfort zone to stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, one has to constantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and complexity required for the activity.(Csikszentmihalyi关于心流的关键观点之一是，一个人需要把自己从舒适区推出来刺激它。因为这是一个动态状态，一个人必须不断调整技能水平、挑战和活动所需的复杂性)”可知，心流是一种动态的状态。选项F“As you practice a skill, your level of mastery will change as will the feeling of flow.(当你练习一项技能时，你的熟练程度会随着心流的感觉而改变)”与上文内容一致，指的是练习技能时，技能的熟练程度会随着心流的感觉而变化。故选F。 49．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“One can access flow by thinking of activities like sports, dancing and painting. We can also have a flow state experience with many of our day-to-day tasks and encounters. Watching TV and video gaming, however, are not on that list.(一个人可以通过思考运动、舞蹈和绘画等活动来进入心流状态。我们也可以在许多日常任务和遭遇中获得心流状态体验。然而，看电视和玩电子游戏却不在其中)”可知，我们每个人都可以通过思考运动、舞蹈和绘画等活动来进入心流状态。选项B“People may not realize it but anyone can find flow.(人们可能没有意识到，但是任何人都可以找到心流)”与下文内容一致，指的是每个人都可以进入心流状态。故选B。 50．根据空前内容“Flow can also be a tool for better emotion regulation (调节) .When a person is in a state of flow, there is little need for doubts or anxieties about oneself or the world in general.(心流也可以成为更好的情绪调节工具。当一个人处于心流状态时，就很少需要对自己或整个世界产生怀疑或焦虑)”指的是心流状态可以帮助我们调节情绪。当一个人处于心流状态时，就不会对世界产生怀疑或焦虑。选项A“Even the uncertainties of life fall away.(甚至生活中的不确定性也消失了)”延续上文内容，指的仍然是心流状态可以帮助我们调节情绪。故选A （2024·北京朝阳·二模）Studies about sleep and employee behavior typically focus on various activities that occur within the body during sleep, and their impact on daytime cognition. New research adopts a different method. 51 The researchers conducted three studies involving thousands of dreams recalled by employees. The first study asked participants upon awakening to rate the degree of awe (敬畏) and wonder brought by their dreams and to write down their biggest work problem. 52 Another one they answered was whether they envisioned anything good arising from the difficult work situation—a measure of resilience, which meant the ability to become strong and happy again after toughness. Those who found positive meaning in dreams reported higher levels of awe. 53 In the second study, participants who recalled a dream likewise reported its positive or negative meaning, and then wrote descriptions of the dream and what they took to be its causes and meaning. After work they answered questions about their resilience and progress on the day’s tasks. 54 The third study tracked similar measures among employees who participated daily for two weeks, and it looked at how naturally curious each person was. It found similar results about awe and showed that it raised resilience and productivity far more in the naturally curious. 55 Awe can help people deal more effectively with challenges and progress toward goals. “Our research reveals how awe can be brought about at a time that has a critical impact on daily work outcomes,” the researchers write. “Employees could use dream journals and simple practices to ‘guide’ their nighttime visions, thus increasing their odds of having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.” A．A positive dream brings a sense of sudden insight, giving rise to awe. B．The increased awe was also proved to be associated with greater resilience. C．In fact, dreaming may help improve problem-solving skills in daily routine. D．Here, too, good dreams boosted awe and resilience, fueling progress on work goals. E．Researchers acknowledge that dreams may involve content related to waking experiences. F．It finds that remembering a good dream can help people make progress in the day’s tasks. G．They then answered the question about whether they thought the dream was positive or negative. 【答案】51．F 52．G 53．B 54．D 55．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现，记住一个好梦可以帮助人们在一天的工作中取得进展，解释了研究开展的经过和发现。 51．根据上文“Studies about sleep and employee behavior typically focus on various activities that occur within the body during sleep, and their impact on daytime cognition. New research adopts a different method.(关于睡眠和员工行为的研究通常集中在睡眠期间身体内发生的各种活动，以及它们对白天认知的影响。新的研究采用了不同的方法)”可知，本句为过渡句，呈上说明新的研究的不同之处，同时启示后文研究的具体发现。故F选项“研究发现，记住一个好梦可以帮助人们在一天的工作中取得进展”符合语境，故选F。 52．根据上文“The researchers conducted three studies involving thousands of dreams recalled by employees. The first study asked participants upon awakening to rate the degree of awe (敬畏) and wonder brought by their dreams and to write down their biggest work problem.(研究人员进行了三项研究，涉及数千名员工回忆的梦境。第一项研究要求参与者在醒来时对梦境带来的敬畏和惊奇程度进行评分，并写下他们最大的工作问题)”可知，上文提到要求写下最大的工作问题，以及对梦境进行评分，可推测本句继续说明研究的进展，G选项中They 指代上文employees。故G选项“然后他们回答了关于他们认为这个梦是积极的还是消极的问题”符合语境，故选G。 53．根据上文“Another one they answered was whether they envisioned anything good arising from the difficult work situation—a measure of resilience, which meant the ability to become strong and happy again after toughness. Those who found positive meaning in dreams reported higher levels of awe.(他们回答的另一个问题是，他们是否设想从困难的工作环境中产生任何好处——这是一种衡量韧性的方法，它意味着在经历磨难后再次变得强大和快乐的能力。那些在梦中发现积极意义的人报告了更高程度的敬畏)”可知，上文提到“在梦中发现积极意义的人报告了更高程度的敬畏”，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明增强的敬畏感的作用。故B选项“增强的敬畏感也被证明与更强的适应力有关”符合语境，故选B。 54．根据上文“In the second study, participants who recalled a dream likewise reported its positive or negative meaning, and then wrote descriptions of the dream and what they took to be its causes and meaning. After work they answered questions about their resilience and progress on the day’s tasks.(在第二项研究中，回忆梦境的参与者同样报告了梦境的积极或消极意义，然后写下对梦境的描述，以及他们认为梦境的原因和意义。下班后，他们回答了关于他们的适应能力和完成一天任务的进度的问题)”以及后文“The third study tracked similar measures among employees who participated daily for two weeks, and it looked at how naturally curious each person was. It found similar results about awe and showed that it raised resilience and productivity far more in the naturally curious.(第三项研究对每天参与的员工进行了为期两周的跟踪调查，观察每个人天生的好奇心有多强。研究发现，敬畏也有类似的结果，并表明，在天生好奇的人身上，敬畏更能提高适应力和生产力)”可知，上文提到回答关于适应能力和完成一天任务的进度的问题，且后文提到了第三项研究有相似的结果，指出在天生好奇的人身上，敬畏更能提高适应力和生产力，推测本句与做梦与增强个人能力相关，故D选项“在这里，好梦也能增强敬畏和韧性，促进工作目标的实现”符合语境，故选D。 55．根据后文“Awe can help people deal more effectively with challenges and progress toward goals. “Our research reveals how awe can be brought about at a time that has a critical impact on daily work outcomes,” the researchers write. “Employees could use dream journals and simple practices to ‘guide’ their nighttime visions, thus increasing their odds of having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.”(敬畏可以帮助人们更有效地应对挑战，朝着目标前进。研究人员写道:“我们的研究揭示了敬畏是如何在对日常工作结果产生关键影响的时候产生的。员工可以用梦境日记和简单的练习来‘引导’他们的夜间梦境，从而增加他们做有意义的、令人敬畏的梦的几率。”)”可知，后文解释了敬畏的作用，以及建议练习梦境，本句为本段首句，主要引出产生敬畏的来源是积极的梦境。故A选项“一个积极的梦带来一种突然的洞察力，产生敬畏”符合语境，故选A。 （2024·北京东城·二模）Socrates, Galileo, Marie Curie, Einstein ... What did these great thinkers have in common? They all practiced deliberate doubt and used it as a tool to improve their thinking and generate creative ideas. 56 It is about suspending our certainty and letting go of our preconceived (先入为主的) notions in order to explore new ideas and perspectives. When we’re certain of something, we tend to stop looking for alternative explanations or possibilities. 57 Doubt can, of course, be unsettling, but it can also result in a greater understanding of a subject and inspire fresh thoughts and insights. 58 But it doesn’t mean we should use it all the time. While deliberate doubt can be a valuable tool for generating creative ideas and exploring complex problems, it can also be counterproductive if it is not practiced in the right way. It’s important to keep in mind that deliberate doubt is not constant doubt. If we’re continuously doubting our own ideas, we’ll be less likely to pursue them and see them through to completion. 59 We spend so much time doubting everything and end up not doing anything. 60 We can become self-critical and unsure of our abilities, which can undermine our self-esteem. As a result, we may be too afraid to try new things or take risks. To avoid these traps, it’s important to strike a balance between doubt and certainty, and to use doubt as a tool to stimulate creative thinking and exploration, rather than as a means of undermining ourselves or others. A．Deliberate doubt can also lead to a lack of confidence. B．But when we doubt, we’re forced to consider other perspectives. C．In this case, deliberate doubt can prevent us from making decisions. D．When practiced all the time, deliberate doubt can lead to a different belief. E．By turning doubt into a deliberate process, we open ourselves to new possibilities. F．Deliberate doubt is the practice of actively questioning our beliefs and assumptions. G．Deliberate doubt can help us to develop a more open-minded approach to the world. 【答案】56．F 57．B 58．G 59．C 60．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了刻意怀疑的积极作用和消极作用。 56．根据下文“It is about suspending our certainty and letting go of our preconceived (先入为主的) notions in order to explore new ideas and perspectives.”（它是关于暂停我们的确定性，放弃我们先入为主的观念，以探索新的想法和观点。）可知，下文是对上文“刻意怀疑”定义的具体解释。故F选项“刻意怀疑是积极质疑我们的信念和假设的行为。”切题。故选F项。 57．根据上文“When we’re certain of something, we tend to stop looking for alternative explanations or possibilities.”（当我们确定某事时，我们倾向于停止寻找其他解释或可能性）可知，选项与上文为转折关系且说明怀疑时的做法。故B选项“但当我们怀疑时，我们被迫考虑其他观点。”切题。故选B项。 58．根据下文“While deliberate doubt can be a valuable tool for generating creative ideas and exploring complex problems, it can also be counterproductive if it is not practiced in the right way.”（虽然刻意怀疑可以成为产生创造性想法和探索复杂问题的宝贵工具，但如果不以正确的方式进行怀疑，也可能适得其反。）可知，选项承接下文说明的是刻意怀疑的作用。故G选项“刻意怀疑可以帮助我们以更开放的态度看待世界。”切题。故选G项。 59．根据上文“If we’re continuously doubting our own ideas, we’ll be less likely to pursue them and see them through to completion.”（如果我们一直怀疑自己的想法，我们就不太可能去追求它们，把它们完成。）可知，选项承接上文都在说明刻意怀疑的阻碍作用。故C选项“在这种情况下，刻意怀疑可以阻止我们做出决定。”切题。故选C项。 60．根据下文“We can become self-critical and unsure of our abilities, which can undermine our self-esteem. As a result, we may be too afraid to try new things or take risks.”（我们会变得自我批评，不确定自己的能力，这会损害我们的自尊。因此，我们可能太害怕尝试新事物或承担风险。）可知，本段在说刻意怀疑对自信产生不良的影响。故A选项“刻意的怀疑也会导致缺乏自信。”切题。故选A项。 （2024·北京西城·二模）Want to write better? There’s a new book that says simple writing is best. Do you check your text messages before sending? 61 If not, you might prefer getting things done fast, even if they’re not perfect. This book argues that it’s important to write carefully, even for quick messages. Todd Rogers and Jessica Lasky Fink, from Harvard, wrote “Writing For Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyone’s busy today. People get lots of messages every day, from emails to texts. 62 Deciding what to read, skim, or ignore happens many times a day for almost everyone. The authors share good writing tips, like cutting unnecessary words and using simple words everyone knows. They say it’s important to keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is more. For example, they sent an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey. They made the email shorter, from 127 to 49 words, and got double the responses (from 2.7% to 4.8%). 63 The same is true for text messages. In another test, they sent a short message asking parents to take a survey. It got more responses than a longer, more sympathetic one. Sometimes, being short and clear works better than being kind but ignored. It’s not just what you say, but how quickly you say it that matters. It’s not just about word count. 64 Reducing the number of options has the same effect. Short, active sentences with common words are best. From posts to online reviews, following these rules gets more likes and shares. Serious writers should pay attention too. A study found that companies using long sentences and complicated words were seen as less moral and trustworthy. 65 It might be tempting to send messages quickly and hope for the best. But taking time to write for your readers has benefits. If you send a rushed message that readers ignore, it’s like you didn’t send it at all. A．If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer too. B．They can also get puzzled by social media platforms. C．If you do, you probably like making even the simplest messages perfect. D．They found that longer messages make people think the task will take longer. E．Keeping messages to one idea, or as few as possible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted on. F．Your goal is to convey enough passion that your readers think the issue in your message is worth caring about. G．Explaining the thinking behind your messages will allow readers to see that you know what you’re talking about. 【答案】61．C 62．B 63．D 64．E 65．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一本关于如何更好地写作的书。 61．上文“Do you check your text messages before sending?(你发短信前检查过吗？)”提出一个问题：你发短信前检查过吗？结合下文“If not, you might prefer getting things done fast, even if they’re not perfect.(如果不，你可能更喜欢快速完成任务，即使它们并不完美)”可知，空处是描述肯定的情况，C项“如果你检查，你可能喜欢把最简单的信息变得完美”符合语境，故选C。 62．上文“People get lots of messages every day, from emails to texts.(人们每天都会收到很多信息，从电子邮件到短信)”提到，人们每天都会收到很多信息，结合下文“Deciding what to read, skim, or ignore happens many times a day for almost everyone.(几乎每个人每天都会多次决定要读什么、略读什么或忽略什么)”可知，人们会对社交媒体平台收到的很多信息感到困惑，B项“他们也会对社交媒体平台感到困惑”符合语境，故选B。 63．根据上文“For example, they sent an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey. They made the email shorter, from 127 to 49 words, and got double the responses (from 2.7% to 4.8%).(例如，他们给数千名学校董事会成员发了一封电子邮件，要求他们参加一项调查。他们把邮件缩短了，从127个单词缩短到49个单词，得到了两倍的回复(从2.7%增加到4.8%))”可知，缩短邮件得到了两倍的回复，D项“他们发现，较长的信息会让人们认为完成任务需要更长的时间”对上文进一步阐释，故选D。 64．根据上文“It’s not just about word count.(这不仅仅是字数的问题)”和下文“Reducing the number of options has the same effect.(减少选项的数量也有同样的效果)”可知，本段是描述缩短邮件得到更多回复的原因，E项“将信息集中在一个想法上，或者尽可能少，有助于确保它们被阅读、记住并采取行动”符合语境，故选E。 65．空处是段首主题句，根据下文“It might be tempting to send messages quickly and hope for the best. But taking time to write for your readers has benefits. If you send a rushed message that readers ignore, it’s like you didn’t send it at all.(快速发送信息并寄希望于最好的结果可能是诱人的。但是花时间为读者写作是有好处的。如果你发送了一条匆忙的信息，而读者却忽略了它，那就好像你根本没有发送它一样)”可知，本段是说要花点时间写信息，匆忙的信息得不到好的效果，A项“如果每个人都是忙碌的读者，那么每个人也都是忙碌的作家”适合作为本段主题句，故选A。 （2024·北京通州·模拟预测）Before you head out to a fun event where there will be many people, you should be aware of the dangers of a crowd crush (拥挤的人群), whose possibility adds up during the festivals or on some celebrating occasions. Though the risk of crowd crush is rare, it can be deadly when it happens. Crowd crush occurs when many people are packed together and begin to fall over one another. In the past, such instances have caused horrible injury and even death. 66 Before attending a crowded event, look up a map of the venue. 67 Once you arrive, choosing the right spot can be crucial. Avoid the middle or front; instead, pick the back or edges of a crowd. It s also important to trust your feelings. Stay aware to see if you feel packed in at any point. The more crowded the event becomes, the sooner you may need to move to a safe place. 68 The most important thing you can do is stay on your feet. To do this, spread your feet apart and bend your knees a little. Also make sure to move with the flow of the crowd. Trying to move against a crowd of people will only end in disaster. Helping others is another great way to keep everyone safe. Once one person falls down, more people tend to fall over them. 69 A common cause of death in a crowd crush isn’t being crushed but rather losing air. It’s best to hold out your arms in front of your chest. 70 It also protects your chest and lungs from being crushed on the ground should you fall. There is usually fun where the crowds are, so enjoy yourself. But meanwhile, it is also important to remember to stay alert and take care of your family members when you sense the smell of danger. A．If you do end up in a crush, here’s how you can stay safe. B．This allows space between you and the person in front of you. C．So if your neighbor in the crowd falls to the ground, help them up. D．Seeking for a safer place takes some time and is sometimes challenging. E．To avoid such an outcome, it’s best to escape the crush before it happens. F．The shortage of air means less oxygen, which will lead to serious consequences. G．This will give you an idea of the surroundings—pay special attention to any exits. 【答案】66．E 67．G 68．A 69．C 70．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述如何在拥挤的人群中保持安全。 66．上文“In the past, such instances have caused horrible injury and even death. (在过去，这类事件已经造成了可怕的伤害，甚至是死亡。)”因此，我们需要避免这类事故，故E选项“为了避免这样的结果，最好在挤压发生之前逃离它”表明下文引出如何避免这些事故，保证安全。故选E。 67．上文“Before attending a crowded event, look up a map of the venue.(在参加拥挤的活动之前，先查一下场地的地图)”说明要先查阅地图，故G选项“这将让你了解周围的环境——特别注意任何出口。”说明查阅地图的目的，符合题意。故选G。 68．根据下文“Also make sure to move with the flow of the crowd. (也要确保随着人群的流动而移动。)”可知，此段主要讲的是如何在人群中保持安全，观察前后段的句子结构可知，此段用的也是总分结构，故开头句应该概括本段主旨，故A选项“如果你最后陷入人潮，以下是你保持安全的方法。”符合题意。故选A。 69．上文“Helping others is another great way to keep everyone safe. Once one person falls down, more people tend to fall over them.(帮助他人是另一个保护所有人安全的好方法。一旦一个人摔倒了，更多的人就会摔倒。)”可知，本段讲的是帮助他人可以使所有人保持安全，故C选项“所以，如果你在人群中的邻居倒在地上，帮助他们站起来。”符合题意。故选C。 70．根据上文“It’s best to hold out your arms in front of your chest.(最好把胳膊放在胸前。)”可知，这样做可以增加你和前面的人的空间，不会因为挨的太近失去空气，窒息而死。故B选项“这让你和你面前的人之间留出了空间。”表明这样做的益处，符合题意。故选B。 （2024·北京大兴·三模）The only words you need to say after receiving a compliment (赞美) are “thank you”. But you know that's easier said than done. There are many reasons why you have a hard time accepting compliments. 71 It's a three step process. First, believe what people tell you. If you're still having a hard time taking the compliment, double check. And if it's still hard to accept then you'll have to check yourself. 72 For example, if you're six feet tall and I say, “Wow, you're tall! ” I'm being honest. I'm five foot nine, so plenty of people are tall compared to me. I'm expressing tha$$