板块3 第4讲 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（配套课件PPT）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版2019）

板块三　千变万化的动词 第四讲　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 语法系列二 词法篇 内容索引 语法精讲　——夯实必备知识　 语法建模　——掌握应试技巧 语法精练　——核心素养提升 ——夯实必备知识　抓细节·求精准·重难大突破 语法精讲 返回 一 动词的时态 考点一　一般时态 (一)一般现在时 1．表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有always、usually、often、sometimes、every day等。 I usually do my homework in the evening every day. 我通常每天晚上做作业。 2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go、arrive、leave、start、stay、return、begin、come、take off等动词(短语)。 My flight takes off at 5：00 am. 我的航班早上五点起飞。 3．在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。 (二)一般过去时 1．表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有yesterday、last year、just now、the other day、two weeks ago等。 He arrived at school at 9：00 am yesterday. 他昨天上午九点到的学校。 2．根据上下文或主从句提示判断用一般过去时。 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候经常在一起玩。 考点二　进行时态 (一)现在进行时 1．表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有now、right now、at present、at this moment、these days等。 I don't really work here，I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我并不是真的在这里工作，我只是在新秘书来之前在这里帮忙。 2．表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用的动词有go、come、leave、arrive、start、move等。 He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match.他明天要去打他的第一场比赛。 3．与always、often、forever、constantly、continually等连用时，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，而非强调动作正在进行。 He is always helping others. 他总是帮助其他人。 (二)过去进行时 1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。常用的时间状语有then、yesterday、at that time、at this time等。 Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已经辞去了收入丰厚的工作，在社区做志愿者。 2．表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作。常用的动词有plan、come、go、leave、arrive、start、move、sail、fly、travel、stay等。 He said (that) she was arriving the next day. 他说她第二天会到达。 (三)将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有at six tomorrow、in the next two months等。 I'll be doing some housework tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我将要干些家 务活。 (四)现在完成进行时 1．表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能继续进行下去。常用的时间状语有these days、recently、lately、in the past/last few＋时间段、since＋时间点、for＋时间段等。 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 这些年来，他们一直在为我们的杂志写稿。 2．表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.最近我们常常见面。 考点三　将来时态 (一) 一般将来时 1．“will/shall＋动词原形”表示现在看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时作出的决定。 It is said that he will retire next month. 据说他将于下个月退休。 2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事；表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，推测某事即将发生。 Look at the cloud.It looks as if it is going to rain. 瞧那乌云，看起来要下雨了。 3．“be about to＋动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用，但可以与when连用。 The English Evening is about to start. 英语晚会即将开始。 4．“be to＋动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 你要在10点前上交论文。 (二)过去将来时 表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 She was sure she would succeed. 她确信她会成功。 考点四　完成时态 (一)现在完成时 1．表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时刚刚完成的动作。常用的时间状语有recently、lately、up to/till now、so far、in the past/last few months/years等。 China's high speed railways have grown from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years. 在过去的几年中，中国的高速铁路从9 000公里增长到了25 000公里。 2．表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”“since...”引起的时间状语(从句)连用。 They have worked here since they left college. 他们从大学毕业就在这里工作了。 (二)过去完成时 1．表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，即“从过去到过去”。 When Jack arrived，Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到达时，玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。 2．在“hardly/scarcely...when...”“no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，且常用部分倒装，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。 No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.我们刚坐下，公交车就启动了。 3．句子中有by、by the end of、by the time、until、before等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，其谓语动词则表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 By the end of last year，we had produced 20，000 cars. 到去年年底，我们已经生产了20 000辆汽车。 4．表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等，或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式表示，即“hoped/planned/...＋to have done”。 I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.我本希望送彼得一件礼物来祝贺他结婚，但我没做到。 ——单句语法填空 1．(2024·河北省适应性考试)Nowadays，many across the world _____ (be) eager to learn about China through stories about Chinese civilization and contemporary China. 2．(2024·河北省部分示范性高中三模)He and the other workers let people vote for their favourite fat bear on Facebook.The one-day event ___________ (attract) just 1，700 votes in 2014. 3．(2024·河北省高三适应性考试) The Taizhou outlet of Dayin Bookmall，a famous bookstore chain from Shanghai，________ (open) last year on the street in a traditional Chinese-style building with cutting-edge designs. 4．One day，I _____________ (walk) from classroom across campus to catch my bus home when an old man came down the sidewalk toward me. are attracted opened was walking 即学即练1 5．(2024·河北省高三联考)A report showed that a crowd of residents of Jianghua Yao Autonomous County，Hunan Province，______ (sing) and danced on Saturday to celebrate the coming of Jingzhe or the Awakening of Insects. 6．(2023·浙江高考1月卷)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often __________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子)．The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. 7．The beautiful scenery and various traditional customs ______________ (bring) great resources to the local tourism industry in the past decade. 8．When he realized he ____________ (walk) into a deep valley，he was too frightened to know what to do. sang featured have brought had walked 二 动词的语态 1．各种时态中被动语态的构成 时态 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词 have/has＋been＋过去分词 过去时 was/were＋过去分词 was/were＋being＋过去分词 had＋been＋过去分词 将来时 shall/will be＋过去分词   shall/will＋have been＋过去分词 2．被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者 Attention，please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8：00 am tomorrow.Everyone is expected to attend on time.请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。 (2)强调或突出动作的承受者 The woman was taken to hospital. 那位女士被送进了医院。 (3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰。 The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money. 想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。 名师点津　1.动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 ①The plan will be given up. 这项计划就要被放弃了。 ②Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。 2．有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，如：have，cost，lack，own，belong to，date from/back to，take part in。 It is an old custom that dates back to 4，000 years ago. 这是一个追溯到4 000年前的古老习俗。 3．不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，如：happen/take place/occur，remain，last，break out，come out，come up，run out等。 NASA said in a statement it hopes the small orbiting instrument could help predict a volcanic eruption before an explosion happens. 美国国家航空航天局在一份声明中表示，它希望这个小型轨道仪器可以在火山爆发前帮助预测火山爆发。 3．动词的语态——重难突破 主动形式表示被动意义的4种情况 1.系动词，如：smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。 2.表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如：read，write，sell，wash，clean等，常与well，badly，easily，smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days？你买了最近销售得很好的那本书了吗？ 3.某些与can't，won't等连用的不及物动词，如open，shut，move等，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The door won't shut. 这扇门关不上。 4.少数不及物动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动意义，如print，cook，sell等。 The meat is cooking. 肉正在炖着。 ——单句语法填空 1．(2023·浙江高考1月卷) In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes ________________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 2．(2024·衡水中学第五次综合素养测评) Every year，this unique firework display attracts tons of people in spite of the freezing cold weather and draws attention for its protection.Since 2021，it _________________ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage of China. were permitted has been listed 即学即练2 3．(2023·全国甲卷) However，Carson's theme is a more weighty warning about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 4．(2024·豫北名校联考二)So far，a total of 90 films and TV series from 7，024 submissions by artists of 104 countries and regions like the US，India and Iran ____________________ (select) for the next stage. 5．(2024·湖南省名校联合体第二次联考)The sense of calm，well-being and pleasure that I feel when I'm hearing birdsong ______________ (support) by research. be employed have been selected is supported 三 主谓一致 考点一　语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 忙碌了一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。 名师点津　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 ①(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)However，from my point of view，what benefits students most is reading English books.然而，在我看来，对学生最有益的是阅读英语书籍。 ②What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。 2．主语后有with、together with、along with、except、besides、as well as等加名词或代词构成另一主语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Amy，as well as her brothers，was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。 名师点津　and、both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。 3．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive. 我的朋友带我参观了这个非常迷人的小镇。 4．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。each、every、no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 ①Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母不得不经历这种同样痛苦的过程。 ②Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。 5．“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 患病的人痊愈，同时失踪的人也找到了。 考点二　意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family、class、team、group、public、committee、government、audience等。 The whole class were told to stay behind after school.全班的学生都被告知放学后留下。 2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。all、some、half、most、the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books were written by him. 这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。 考点三　就近一致原则 1．由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but (also)...、not...but...等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。 Either you or one of your classmates is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你的一名同学要去参加明天召开的会议。 2．由there、here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。 ——单句语法填空 1．(2023·广东省联考)On that day，there _____ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. 2．At present neither my wife nor I myself ____ (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 3．(2024·河南信阳二检) Four classical plays，including The Peony Pavilion，___________________ (update) and restored in the past few years. 4．The musician along with his band members ___________ (give) ten performances in the last three months. are am have been updated has given 即学即练3 5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be) previously unprotected... 6．(2024·邯郸市高三模拟)The formation of each celadon ____ (be) a process of life casting.Only after being burnt at around 1，300℃ for 400 hours can it be made into an object. 返回 were is ——掌握应试技巧　巧思维·悟真题·技法微讲解 语法建模 返回 解题攻略 典例印证 第一步：确定是否作谓语 首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。 第二步：若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 (1)看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)； (2)看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者)； (3)看人称和数，确保主谓一致。 【典例】　(2023·全国乙卷) The 69.____________ development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，70.__________(mean) there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 分析 第一步：确定填谓语。分析句子结构可知，空格处mean在句中作谓语。 第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前空后的谓语动词时态可知，设空处应该用一般现在时；句子的主语为“The remarkable development of this city”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，且主语与谓语mean为主动关系。 自主解答　_______ 返回 means 36 ——核心素养提升　仿真练·达标练·点对点自测 语法精练 返回 1．(2023·福建三明5月质量检测)“When the community worker told me the new method I was really happy and immediately ___________(submit) my application，” he said. 2．(2024·广东省高三联考)Today most of the world's money is made up of paper.Though payments are often made with plastic cards or by other technologies，virtual money _______(seem) to be the next big thing. 3．(2024·石家庄教学质量检测三)The 10-storey octagonal(八边形的)pagoda，which is 163 feet high，_______________ (complete)in 1762. 4．(2024·沈阳市教学质量监测三) More than a love story，the cross-species romance deals with themes of appreciation，struggle and devotion and _____________ (regard) as one of China's most famous folk tales. submitted seems was completed is regarded 5．(2024·山东省淄博市三模) Various cooking games for children that are available online _____ (be) more than just a fun pastime activity. 6．(2024·山东省新高考联合模拟)Obviously，the business _______________ ______________ (grow) since the beginning of this year.Despite being very busy at times，Chung is excited to earn money on his own，and it has also boosted his self-confidence. 7．(2024·重庆市质量调研抽测) After centuries of development，kites have become one of the country's representative traditional handicrafts，and kite-making technique ______________ (include) in the list of China's national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. 8．(2024·衡水中学第四次素养测评) In the past decades，efforts __________ ______(make) by Mentougou District to preserve this signature folk dance culture. 返回 are has grown/has been growing was included have been made 谢谢观看 $$