UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版2019）

重点单词　分类记忆　——多积累 平时多输入 用时顺手出 阅读词汇知其意 1．physiology n．　　　　　 生理学；生理机能 2．malaria n． 疟疾 3．property n． 性质；特征；财产 4．liquid n． 液体 adj． 液体的；液态的 5．substance n． 物质；物品；事实根据 6．chart n． 图表 vt． 记录；制订计划 7．genius n．(pl．geniuses) 天才；天资；天赋 8．extraordinary adj．　　 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 9．institution n． 社会公共机构；制度；习俗 10．relativity n． 相对论；相对性 11．numerous adj． 众多的；许多的 12．moustache n． 上唇的胡子；髭 13．mourn vt．& vi． 哀悼；忧伤 14．device n． 方法；技巧；装置；仪器 15．draft n． 草稿；草案 vt． 起草；草拟 核心词汇写其形 1．vital adj．　　　　 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 2．boil vt．& vi． (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n． 沸腾；沸点 3．insist vi．& vt． 坚持；坚决要求 4．mostly adv． 主要地；一般地 5．flee vi．& vt．(fled，fled) 迅速离开；逃跑 6．circumstance n．[usually pl．] 条件；环境；状况 7．flow n． 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi． 流；流动 8．theory n． 理论；学说 9．patent n． 专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj． 有专利的；受专利保护的 10．professor n． 教授 11．sum vi． 总结；概括 n． 金额；款项；总数；总和 12．(2023·全国乙卷)As it turned out，Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated (击败) two Russians． 13．The motto means excellence can only be obtained (获得) after you have put to use what you have learnt and have tried it over and over again． 14．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'm writing to invite you to attend “Talk and Talk”，an English program founded (创建) by our school broadcasting station． 15．It was by chance that I encountered (遇到) my former classmate on the street the other day． 16．As a graduating high school student who has a passion (激情) for volunteering，I will have enough time and energy to invest in my community． 17．(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)It goes without saying that oceans play a crucial (关键的) role in the world． 拓展词汇通其变 1．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj．学业的；学术的 2．botanical adj．植物学的→botany n．植物学 3．evaluate vt．评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估 4．distinct adj．清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．区别；差别 5．apparent adj．显而易见的；明显的→apparently adv．显而易见；看来；显然 6．politics n．政治→political adj．政治的→politician n．从政者；政治家；政客 7．gentle adj．温柔的；文静的→gently adv．轻轻地；温柔地 8．gradual adj．逐渐的→gradually adv．逐渐地；逐步地 9．remark v．& n．谈论；评论→remarkable adj．非凡的；显著的→remarkably adv．惊人地 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Committed to education，he committed every minute to studying and teaching，so his commitment finally paid off．(commit) 2．As a child，he showed great interest in science and wanted to be a scientist．Now he is committed to doing scientific researches．(science) 3．One of the worst consequences of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from lung cancer．Consequently，you and your family will suffer a lot．(consequent) 4．①Judging from the above story，we can draw the conclusion (conclude) that we shouldn't judge a man by his looks． ②The concert began with a piece of relaxing music and concluded (conclude)with a piece of soft music． 5．As for my favourite novelist，it must be Mark Twain，whose novels are very popular with us teenagers．(novel) 学生用书↓第144页 重点短语　记牢用准　——会积累 平时多联想 用时会拓展 先写对 1．commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)　　　　承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2．insist on 坚决要求 3．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 4．come to power (开始)掌权；上台 5．take up a position 担任；任职 6．sum up 总结；概括 7．make contributions to 为……做出贡献 8．stand on end 竖立起来 9．out of a passion for 出于对……的热爱 10．by chance 偶然 再用准 选用左栏短语填空 1．The newly-elected President has taken a series of measures to improve the economy since he came to power． 2．Mr King took up a position as a headmaster in a high school，so he knew the importance of education． 3．It is necessary for you to sum up your experience constantly and improve the efficiency of your work． 4．The farmers insisted on sending us some tasty apples when we set off for our school． 5．The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear． 1．“后缀-sion高频名词”一览 ①conclusion　 结论 ②impression 印象 ③possession 拥有 ④admission 承认；允许进入 ⑤confusion 困惑；混淆 ⑥permission 允许；许可 2．“观点态度”集锦 ①objective adj．　 客观的 ②subjective adj． 主观的 ③neutral adj． 中立的 ④indifferent adj． 漠不关心的 ⑤unconcerned adj． 漠不关心的 3．“动词...to...” 短语聚焦 ①addict...to... 使……对……上瘾 ②devote...to... 把……投身到…… ③adapt...to... 使……适应于…… ④adjust...to... 调节……以适应…… 重点句式　背熟巧用　——会活用 平时造佳句 用时表达高 句式背诵 句式仿写 句式1：upon/on doing“一……就……” (教材原句)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我……” 1．回到家，霍莉慢慢地坐在沙发上一动不动，脸上写满了悲伤和遗憾。 Upon arriving home，Holly sank slowly into the sofa motionlessly，with sorrow and regret written all over her face． 学生用书↓第145页 续表 句式2：“It is an honour for sb to do sth”意为“对某人来说做某事是一种荣幸” (教材原句)It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world． 中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。 2．我真诚地希望你的梦想会实现，当那一天到来时，带你参观北京是我的荣幸。 I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it's my honour to show you around Beijing when that day comes． 句式3：It is＋过去分词＋that从句 (教材原句)On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist． 据报道，1955年4月18日，爱因斯坦去世，全世界都为失去这位杰出的科学家而哀悼。 3．人们普遍认为书籍的影响是如此之大，应该鼓励人们阅读更多的书籍。 It is commonly believed that the influence of books is so great that people should be encouraged to read more books． 核心单词　重难突破　——系统掌握 归纳提升一遍过 vital adj．必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 (1)be vital to/for...　 对……至关重要 It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的 (2)be of vital importance 至关重要的　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Understanding history is vital to understanding (understand)ourselves as a people and as a nation． ②无论结果如何，国与国之间的友谊都是至关重要的，应该得到重视。(2024·衡水中学素养提升五) No matter what the result is，the friendship between countries is of vital importance，which should be attached importance on． ③如果我们想要在生活中发挥作用，重要的是我们应该从小事开始。(读后续写之主旨升华) If we are to make a difference in life，it's vital that we should begin with small things． 【点拨】　It is necessary/vital/important that...(should) do sth，should 可以省略 commit vt．承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)；犯(罪或错等)；vi．忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(committed adj．尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的　commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺) (1)commit mistakes/a crime 犯错/犯罪 commit oneself to do sth 承诺做某事 commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事 (2)be committed to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事 (3)make a commitment to (doing) sth 保证/承诺(做)某事　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He desires to be admitted to the famous academy and as a consequence，he is committed to studying (study) on a daily basis．I deeply believe that his commitment (commit) does pay off sooner or later． ②我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这能逐渐提高你的英语口语。(建议信) 学生用书↓第146页 I strongly recommend that you (should) commit one hour to reading English，which will gradually improve your spoken English． ③我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，尴尬得脸都红了。(读后续写之尴尬心理描写) I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people，my face red with embarrassment． acknowledge vt．承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 (1)acknowledge sb/sth as/to be... 承认某人/物是…… acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事 acknowledge that... 承认…… (2)It is universally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Tom acknowledged being defeated (defeat) in the competition，which made us quite depressed．(读后续写之情感描写) ②He is acknowledged as one of the world's greatest physicists． ③人们普遍认为范仲淹是中国历史人物中最具影响力的一位。(2023·全国甲卷书面表达) It is widely acknowledged that Fan Zhongyan is the most influential among the Chinese historical figures． ④我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。(应用文写作之感谢信) I acknowledge my English teacher，without whom I couldn't have made such great progress in English． insist vi．& vt．坚持；坚决要求 (1)insist (坚持说/认为) that...，从句用陈述语气。 (2)insist (坚决要求/主张) that sb (should) do...，从句用虚拟语气。 (3)insist on doing sth 意为“坚持做某事” 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The Student Union insists that every participant (should) arrive (arrive) at the hall on time． ②Insisting (insist) that Tom had stolen the car，the old lady insisted that he (should) be sent (send) to the police． ③只有当我们坚持经常锻炼身体，我们才能保持身心健康。 Only when we insist on working out regularly can we keep physically and mentally healthy． conclusion n．结论；推论 (conclude vt．断定；推断出；使结束，终止) (1)in conclusion　 最后；总之 come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 (2)conclude...with sth/by doing sth 以……结束 conclude from... 从……中得出结论 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①The famous novelist concluded his speech with a distinguished saying “Where there is a will，there is a way．” ②总之，只有共同努力，我们才能有一个更美好的明天。(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) In conclusion，only with joint efforts can we have a better tomorrow． ③我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。 ③－1 I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclusion) ③－2 I concluded from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclude) 学生用书↓第147页 circumstance n．[usually pl．]条件；环境；状况 under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(置于句首，主谓部分倒装) if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许 练透——完成句子 ①我的搭档生病了。即使在这种情况下，他仍然不遗余力地和我一起分析评估我们收集的数据，我内心深处的敬佩之情油然而生。(2022·浙江1月卷读后续写) My partner was ill．Even under/in the circumstances，he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected data，and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart． ②我觉得尴尬极了，我提醒自己绝不会再犯这样的错误了。(2021·浙江高考读后续写) Feeling embarrassed，I reminded myself that under no circumstances would I commit such a mistake again． consequence n．结果；后果(consequent adj．随之发生的；作为结果的　consequently adv．因此) as a consequence＝in consequence 因此；结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of 因为；由于 face/take the consequences 面对/承担结果 练透——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①I carelessly got the plan ruined，and consequently (consequent) I had to face the consequences．(读后续写) ②我祖父在医院接受治疗，因此我得照顾他。 ②－1 My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and as a consequence，I have to attend him． ②－2 My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and consequently，I have to take care of him． ②－3 My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and as a result，I have to care for him． 短语句式　学以致用　——精讲精练 应用提升全通关 take up a position 担任；任职 take up　　 接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间或空间) take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞 take over 接管；获得对……的控制或管理 take down 写下；记下；拆除 take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗 take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事 练透——用take的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①I could hardly take in what the teacher said in class，which made me in low spirits． ②She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job． ③With the remarkable development of science and technology，our country has taken on a new look． ④汤姆是个有激情的人，他将在下个月底就任学生会主席一职。 Tom，a person with passion，will take up his position as chairman of the Student Council at the end of next month． 学生用书↓第148页 句型公式：it作形式主语 (教材原句) It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world．中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。 it作形式主语的常用句式： ①It be＋an honour＋for sb to do sth/It is one's great honour to do sth ②It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句 ③It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句 ④It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句 练透——补全句子/句型转换 ①As high school students，it's our responsibility to protect the oceans (保护海洋是我们的责任)，which are the lungs of our planet．(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) ②It is generally believed that (普遍认为) IT has both advantages and disadvantages． ③It is a great honour to deliver a speech (很荣幸发表演讲) to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera． ④I'm more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family．It is necessary for you to know about the table manners of China．(应用文写作之传统文化) →I'm more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family．It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China．(It is＋adj．＋that...) 句型公式：upon/on doing “一……就……” (教材原句)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine．There is a team behind me，and all the people of my country...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。也属于我背后的团队以及我的祖国的所有人民……” (1)upon/on doing (that)...一……就……，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。 (2)表示“一……就……”的其他形式：as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。 练透——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①On hearing (hear) the news that I won the first place in the writing contest，I stood there，frozen．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写) ②妈妈一看到早餐，就觉得很幸福。 ②－1 The instant/minute she saw the breakfast，the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her． ②－2 On/Upon seeing the breakfast，the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her． ②－3 Immediately/Instantly she saw the breakfast，the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her． 学生用书↓第149页 层级一　过基础——教材核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．(2023·全国乙卷语法填空)The remarkable (remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years． 2．The novelist (novel) was about to leave when he noticed leaves moving gently (gentle) in the breeze． 3．Founded (found) in 1985 in Beijing，it is now a nation-wide organization，where the performance of the employee was evaluated (evaluate) last month． 4．Encountering (encounter) a frightening beast on the way to the market the other day，the servant fled (flee) with her heart beating wildly． 5．With the help of his classmates，Peter got used to the new life and gradually (gradual) made progress in his studies． 6．From these facts we can draw a conclusion (conclude) that we ought to adopt a more scientific (science) approach to preserving the traditional customs． 7．The camps have excellent horses，professional (profession) guides and lots of support workers． 8．The visiting team was defeated (defeat) by our women football team last night，which made our fans excited and proud． 9．Mei Lanfang plays a key role in bringing Beijing Opera to the world，leading (lead) to the international status and recognition that it has today． 10．Upon graduating (graduate) from the university，the committed man took up a position in the company． 维度2　熟词生义/一词多义 写出加黑部分的精确汉语释义 1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)I was turning the page to get ready for the next page，but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand．n．气流 2．Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance．adj．新颖的 3．Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths．n．目标 4．根据语境选出sum及其短语的含义 A．n．金额；总数　B．vi．总结；概括　C．总而言之 ①The article summed up the remarkable achievements made in electronic computers，artificial satellites and rockets． B ②To sum up，there are three main ways of dealing with the present problem． C ③It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years of achieve． A 维度3　完成句子/翻译句子 1．一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴地跳了起来。(读后续写之兴奋心理描写) Upon hearing the news，he was unable to control his excitement and jumped with joy． 学生用书↓第150页 2．参观艺术展时，我们讨论了伟大艺术家的作品，这拓宽了我们的视野。(报道) While visiting the art exhibition，we discussed the great artists' works，from which we broadened our horizons． 3．总之，这项活动受到了所有师生的高度赞扬。 In conclusion，the activity was highly praised by all the teachers and students． 层级二　过能力——满分写作技能提升练 Part 1．应用文写作提分练——短文(人物介绍) 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 假定你是李华，你校英文报正在组织以“我眼中的英雄”为题的征文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1．人物简介；2．她或他令你感动的地方 第一步：斟酌词句，靓化表达 (加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇) 1．我的妈妈是我眼中的英雄。她在一家超市做收银员。 My mother is the hero in my eye．She takes up a position as a cashier at a supermarket． 2．我原以为她的工作很容易，但我逐渐意识到，这些年来妈妈一直怀着极大的热情做着一份出色的工作，值得尊重。 I used to think her job easy，but I gradually realize my mother deserves respect for doing a remarkable job all these years with great passion． 3．母亲以她的工作为荣。她以温和的微笑面对顾客，即使累了也坚持努力工作。 My mother takes pride in her work．She faces customers with a gentle smile and insists on working hard even when tired． 4．虽然她每天工作时间很长，但她仍抽空做家务并花时间陪我。 Though she works long hours daily，she finds time to do housework and spends time with me．(状语从句) 5．在她的鼓舞下，我学会了在遇到困难时不轻易承认失败。 Inspired by her，I have learnt not to acknowledge defeat easily when I encounter difficulties．(分词短语作状语) 第二步：恰当过渡，完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇) The Hero in My Eye My mother is the hero in my eye．She takes up a position as a cashier at a supermarket． I used to think her job easy，but I gradually realize my mother deserves respect for doing a remarkable job all these years with great passion．Moreover，my mother takes pride in her work．She faces customers with a gentle smile and insists on working hard even when tired．Though she works long hours daily，she finds time to do housework and spends time with me． Inspired by her，I have learnt not to acknowledge defeat easily when I encounter difficulties． 学生用书↓第151页 Part 2．读后续写之场景描写——人物逆境中的成功 Ⅰ．主题语境词汇 主题语境词汇 1．warm adj．　　　　　　　　温暖的 2．relieved adj． 宽慰的 3．comforting adj． 安慰的 4．satisfying、pleased adj． 满足的 5．encouraging adj．　　　　 鼓励的 6．warmth n． 温暖 7．encouragement n． 鼓励 主题语境词块 1．a sense of achievement　　 成就感 2．manage to do sth 设法做某事 3．take pride in... 以……为自豪 4．let out a sigh of relief　　 发出如释重负的叹息声 5．succeed in doing 成功做到 Ⅱ．基于主题语境的续写实践 第一步：完成句子(已提示语法结构) 1．克里斯(Chris)出生时患上了某种可怕的疾病，并接受了多年的常规治疗。(suffer；go through) Chris suffered some terrible illness when he was born and went through years of regular treatment． 2．是他的父亲鼓励他保持积极(的心态)，努力克服困难。(强调句型) It was his father who/that encouraged him to stay positive and work hard to overcome his difficulties． 3．当他建议参加一场具有挑战性的比赛时，克里斯热情地回答：“好啊，让我们来吧！”(suggest doing；有效对话) When he suggested participating in one challenging race，Chris enthusiastically replied，“Yes，let's do it！” 4．尽管身体不好，他还是完成了极其艰苦的训练。(despite作状语；manage to do；which引导的定语从句) Despite his poor health，he managed to complete the training，which was extremely tough． 5．当比赛的那一天终于到来时，克里斯已经为即将到来的一切做好了充分的准备。(when引导的时间状语从句；whatever引导的宾语从句) When the day of the race finally arrived，Chris was fully prepared for whatever would come． 6．如大家期待的一样，他成功地越过了终点线。(succeed in doing；as引导的状语从句的省略) He succeeded in crossing the finish line as expected． 7．克里斯笑了，激动人心的话语响亮而清晰，“克里斯，你是英雄！我们为你自豪！”(with复合结构) Chris smiled，with those exciting words ringing loud and clear，“Chris，you are a hero！We are proud of/take pride in you！” 第二步：衔接美文(将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。) Chris suffered some terrible illness when he was born and went through years of regular treatment．It was his father who encouraged him to stay positive and work hard to overcome his difficulties．Once when he suggested participating in one challenging race，Chris enthusiastically replied，“Yes，let's do it！”Despite his poor health，he managed to complete the training，which was extremely tough．Therefore，when the day of the race finally arrived，Chris was fully prepared for whatever would come．Eventually，he succeeded in crossing the finish line as expected．Chris smiled，with those exciting words ringing loud and clear，“Chris，you are a hero！We are proud of/take pride in you！” 单元测评17　UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) (时间：30分钟　满分：35分) Ⅰ．阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2024·山东省威海市高三5月高考模拟)Massimo Bottura，a three-Michelin-Starred chef，has extended his culinary (烹饪的) empire globally．However，he says that the peak of all of his achievements is Milan's Refettorio Ambrosiano and the following 12 global branches． At Refettorio Ambrosiano，dinner guests are greeted by name．They dine on fine china at tables created by the country's most sought-after furniture designers．The waiters are polite，and the chefs have been trained under the finest restaurateurs in the world．The set menu changes every day，depending on what comes in with the morning's delivery． This morning's delivery contains dry arugula (芝麻菜)，chicken close to its sell-by date and too-ugly-to-be-sold oranges．By dinner，however，the supermarket castoffs have been transformed into a three-course meal．The 100 or so diners—refugees，the homeless，and the unemployed—enjoy the meal with obvious pleasure，laughing with the volunteer waiters，praising the volunteer chefs，and forgetting，at least for an hour，the challenges of a life lived on the streets． The brightest gems in Bottura's culinary empire are not restaurants at all．He thinks of them as spaces that shine a light on the dignity of their guests while focusing attention on the food-waste problem by turning foods that were otherwise going to be headed toward rubbish bins into Michelin Guide-worthy meals． Bottura first thought of Refettorio Ambrosiano as a pop-up concept for the 2015 World Expo in Milan．The organizers had invited him to cook for the grand opening．Bottura proposed something different．He wanted to invite the world's best chefs to cook with him for the city's homeless，using leftovers．That idea soon got supported and turned into something more permanent． “Today，the Refettorio is a movement，” Bottura says．“It is a model for fighting food waste and isolation on the front lines．And it starts by looking at an old carrot or a piece of hard bread and catching sight of gold．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了米其林三星级厨师Massimo Bottura创办了Refettorio Ambrosiano餐厅，用超市里丢弃的食物为一些难民、无家可归者和失业者提供美味的大餐，这减少了食物浪费。 1．How does the Refettorio Ambrosiano differ from Bottura's other restaurants? A．The waiters are well-trained． B．The tables are custom-made． C．They are three-Michelin-starred． D．Daily delivery decides the set menu． 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“The set menu changes every day，depending on what comes in with the morning's delivery．”可知，Refettorio Ambrosianos餐厅与Bottura的其他餐厅的不同之处在于套餐是由每天的送货来决定的。 2．Which of the following best describes the event at Refettorio Ambrosiano? A．An evening gathering for local chefs． B．A charity sale of supermarket castoffs． C．A wealthy meal for the less-fortunate． D．A volunteer training for the homeless． 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“The 100 or so diners—refugees，the homeless，and the unemployed—enjoy the meal with obvious pleasure，laughing with the volunteer waiters，praising the volunteer chefs，and forgetting，at least for an hour，the challenges of a life lived on the streets．”可知，为不幸的人准备的丰盛大餐，能最好的描述在Refettorio Ambrosiano餐厅发生的事，故选C。 3．What does Bottura think of the Refettorio? A．It's his best profitable restaurant． B．It's a good project for food safety． C．It's a pop-up concept to extend his business． D．It's win-win for the environment and society． 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Today，the Refettorio is a movement，’ Bottura says．‘It is a model for fighting food waste and isolation on the front lines．And it starts by looking at an old carrot or a piece of hard bread and catching sight of gold．’”和上文提到的Refettorio为难民、无家可归者和失业者提供大餐可推知，Refettorio对环境和社会都是双赢的。 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Less Waste，More Taste B．A Dinner of Dignity C．Best Restaurant，Best Service D．The Power of Food 答案：A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“However，he says that the peak of all of his achievements is Milan's Refettorio Ambrosiano and the following 12 global branches．”，第三段和第四段中“He thinks of them as spaces that shine a light on the dignity of their guests while focusing attention on the food-waste problem by turning foods that were otherwise going to be headed toward rubbish bins into Michelin Guide-worthy meals．”可知，文章主要讲述了米其林三星级厨师Massimo Bottura创办了Refettorio Ambrosiano餐厅，用超市里丢弃的食物为一些难民，无家可归者和失业者提供美味的大餐，这减少了食物浪费，故A项“少浪费，更多美味。”适合作文章标题。 B (2024·雅礼中学考前适应性训练)It's no secret that inhaling (吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs．But now，scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases．The theory，published in Science Magazine，is based on research that found wildfire smoke is crowded with thousands of species of microorganisms．Some of these microorganisms，including bacteria and fungal spores，are known to cause disease． The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils，it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi that otherwise might not easily become airborne (空气传播的)．You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms，but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire．Scientists say the organisms attach to smoke particles，allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents． Dr．Peter Chen，director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles，is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections．Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections，says Chen，but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition．“I always thought it was the particles in smoke that were causing these issues，” says Chen．“But when I read this，I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illnesses？” Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infection or simply worsen potential respiratory (呼吸的) issues，the article raises a new health threat that is “certainly alarming”，says Kelsey Jack，an associate professor of environmental and development economics．This is especially true for lower-income populations，Jack says，because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment．If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area，the people who work outside，or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike will inhale more smoke than those who drive． But until more research is done，Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor—including staying indoors，keeping windows and doors closed，using HEPA filters and running air conditioning． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家们认为烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病。发表在《科学》杂志上的这一理论基于一项研究，该研究发现野火烟雾中充满了数千种微生物。其中一些微生物会引起疾病。 5．What can we know about the microorganisms from Paragraph 2? A．They could be killed by high heat． B．They could reproduce in large numbers after fires． C．They could possibly travel through air by themselves． D．They can easily attach themselves to smoke particles． 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms，but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire．”可知，从第二段我们可以了解到有些微生物在火灾后还能繁殖。故选B。 6．How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr．Peter Chen? A．They might worsen lung diseases． B．They will cause lung infections． C．They will destroy living environments． D．They might damage respiratory systems． 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections，says Chen，but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition．”可知，Dr．Peter Chen认为大多数微生物可能会加重肺部疾病。 7．Why are low-income people suffering more than others? A．They live in poor areas． B．They drive to and from work． C．They have suffered from lung disease． D．They are exposed to polluted air more frequently． 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This is especially true for lower-income populations...will inhale more smoke than those who drive．”可知，烟雾会传播疾病这件事对低收入的人群有更大的影响，是因为他们更多地直接接触被污染的空气。 8．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Results of the new research． B．Suggestions on dealing with poor air quality． C．Disagreements between the author and Chen． D．Benefits of preventing smoke from polluting the air． 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，最后一段主要陈述了应对被污染空气的建议。故选B。 Ⅱ．完形填空(本题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2024·山东省潍坊市四县5月模拟)Joe，a 22-year-old electrician，went to the site after a tall building caught fire．He wanted to 1 there but found that his skills weren't needed． While wandering in the community，he came across a(n) 2 firefighter who was having a rest．The young firefighter was 3 with dirt and debris(碎片)．Though Joe could see bits of brick in the man's hair and 4 that his hands were bloody，what worried Joe most was the firefighter's 5 ，which appeared lifeless and dull．The young firefighter，apparently in shock， 6 to talk and Joe listened． Joe soon forgot his own 7 over not being able to offer help there as he listened to the 8 story the firefighter related．Joe listened 9 without interrupting．He listened as the firefighter lamented(为……感到悲伤) the scene．Joe didn't judge；he just listened with tears rolling down his cheeks．The man 10 his pain eventually．In front of a 11 ，the firefighter tried to put his world back in order to make sense of the day's 12 ． That day，Joe didn't use his 13 to help with the relief effort．But he did something important for another．He 14 a disheartened man attention，patience and compassion and in a small but 15 way，he assisted the firefighter in the work of setting the world right． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了乔本想做志愿者去帮助救火，却发现在那里不需要他的技能，于是当他在社区散步的时候，通过倾听的方式，偶然为一个沮丧的消防员提供了关注、耐心和同情的故事。 1．A．stay B．volunteer C．step D．emerge 答案：B 解析：根据前文“Joe，a 22-year-old electrician，went to the site after a tall building caught fire．”及后文“but found that his skills weren't needed”可知，乔赶到着火地点后发现那里不需要自己的技能，推断出他想要做志愿者服务。 2．A．confident B．mysterious C．relaxed D．exhausted 答案：D 解析：根据后文“who was having a rest”可知，消防员正在休息，说明他精疲力竭才需要休息。 3．A．covered B．equipped C．consumed D．supplied 答案：A 解析：根据后文“Though Joe could see bits of brick in the man's hair”可知，消防员的头发上有砖的残片，说明年轻的消防员身上覆盖了泥土和碎片。 4．A．expected B．wondered C．noticed D．concluded 答案：C 解析：根据后文“his hands were bloody”可知，消防员的手流血了是乔注意到的情况。 5．A．hands B．legs C．arms D．eyes 答案：D 解析：根据后文“which appeared lifeless and dull”可知，看起来毫无生气的和呆滞的，应该是对眼睛的描述。 6．A．hesitated B．pretended C．refused D．began 答案：D 解析：根据后文“Joe listened”可知，乔在听消防员叙述，说明消防员开始说话了。 7．A．mistakes B．disappointment C．fears D．promise 答案：B 解析：根据后文“not being able to offer help there”可知，乔没能为着火的地方提供帮助，推断出他在当时是失望的。 8．A．complex B．familiar C．terrible D．thrilling 答案：C 解析：根据后文“He listened as the firefighter lamented(为……感到悲伤) the scene．”可知，他听着消防员对这一场景的感伤，说明消防员讲述的故事很可怕。 9．A．attentively B．passively C．anxiously D．selectively 答案：A 解析：根据后文“Joe didn't judge；he just listened with tears rolling down his cheeks．”可知，乔没有评判；他只是听着，眼泪顺着脸颊往下流，说明他听得非常聚精会神。 10．A．blocked out B．gave way to C．poured out D．put up with 答案：C 解析：根据前文“the firefighter lamented(为……感到悲伤) the scene”可知，消防员为当时的情景感到悲伤，推断出他在和乔诉说着他的痛苦。 11．A．friend B．stranger C．relative D．neighbor 答案：B 解析：根据前文“he came across a(n) firefighter who was having a rest”可知，他偶遇了一位正在休息的消防员，说明他们是陌生人的关系。 12．A．chaos B．choices C．preparations D．explorations 答案：A 解析：根据前文“Though Joe could see bits of brick in the man's hair and that his hands were bloody”可知，消防员的身上充满了尘土并且他的手还在流血，说明当时的救援现场非常混乱。 13．A．lessons B．wealth C．reputation D．skills 答案：D 解析：根据前文“but found that his skills weren't needed”可知，乔想去做志愿者，但是他的技能帮不上忙，说明他的技能没能帮助救援工作，skills意为“技能”，此处为原词复现。 14．A．borrowed B．called C．offered D．passed 答案：C 解析：根据前文“Joe didn't judge；he just listened with tears rolling down his cheeks．”可知，乔没有做判断，只是边流泪边在倾听着消防员的故事，说明他给消防员提供了关注、耐心和同情。 15．A．ambitious B．vital C．interesting D．brave 答案：B 解析：根据后文“he assisted the firefighter in the work of setting the world right”可知，乔通过聆听帮助这位消防员让世界恢复了正常，这是一件很小的却意义重大的事情。 学生用书↓第152页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$