UNIT4 SPACE EXPLORATION（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（人教版2019）

重点单词　分类记忆　——多积累 平时多输入 用时顺手出 阅读词汇知其意 1．procedure n． 程序；步骤；手续 2．rocket n． 火箭；火箭弹 3．gravity n． 重力；引力 4．vehicle n． 交通工具；车辆 5．satellite n． 人造卫星；卫星 6．orbit n． (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt．& vi． 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 7．giant adj． 巨大的；伟大的 n． 巨人；巨兽；伟人 8．agency n． (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 9．transmit vt．& vi． 传输；发送 10．data n．[pl．] 资料；数据 11．spacecraft n． 航天器；宇宙飞船 12．spacewalk n． 太空行走；太空行走的时间 13．solar adj． 太阳的；太阳能的 14．microwave n．(also microwave oven) 微波炉 15．smartphone n． 智能手机 16．facility n． 设施；设备 17．fatal adj． 致命的；灾难性的 18．high-end adj． 高端的 19．pillow n． 枕头 核心词汇写其形 1．leap n． 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi．& vt． 跳过；跃过 2．muscle n． 肌肉；实力；影响力 3．float vi． 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt． 使浮动；使漂流 4．otherwise adv． 否则；要不然 5．beyond prep． 在更远处；超出 6．keen adj． 热衷的；渴望的 7．shallow adj． 肤浅的；浅的 8．pattern n． 模式；图案；模范 9．monitor n． 监视器；监测仪 vt． 监视；监测；监控 10．signal vt．& vi． 标志着；标明；发信号 n． 信号；标志 11．Third，reusable garbage should be recycled (回收利用) as much as possible． 12．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources (资源) wisely． 13．(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)In addition，take an active part in the voluntary activities launched (发起)by the ocean organizations． 14．As we all know，Yang Liwei and Wang Yaping are famous astronauts (宇航员) in China． 15．Yuan Longping made such a great contribution to mankind (人类) that he was respected and admired by people all over the world． 拓展词汇通其变 1．mental adj．精神的；思想的 →mentally adv．精神上；心理上 2．intelligent adj．有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 →intelligence n．聪明；智慧 3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物 →universal adj．普遍的 →universally adv．普遍地 4．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪 →global adj．全球的；全面的 →globally adv．全局地；全球地 5．regular adj．定期的；经常的；正常的 →(反) irregular adj．不规则的；不规律的 →regularly adv．经常；定期地 6．lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt．缺乏；没有 →lacking adj．缺乏的；不足的 7．mystery n．神秘事物；谜 →mysterious adj．神秘的 8．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt．渴望；期望 →desired adj．渴望的，想要的 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．When asked whether he was determined to be an astronaut，the boy just looked at me with determination．(determine) 2．Though he was disappointed at the result of the examination，he tried to hide his disappointment in order not to discourage his son．(disappoint) 学生用书↓第127页 3．An argument about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the conference and some people argued that we should stop wasting time and money on it．(argue) 4．Many parents attach great importance to getting a good education at this school attached to Peking University．(attach) 5．A person's life is limited but knowledge is limitless．(limit) 6．Since the country became independent in 1842，it has played an important role independently．(independent) 重点短语　记牢用准　——会积累 平时多联想 用时会拓展 先写对 1．carry on 继续做，坚持干 2．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 3．in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望 4．so as to (do sth) 为了；以便 5．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 6．result in 导致；造成 7．as a result 所以；结果(是) 8．provide for sb 提供生活所需 9．in closing 最后 10．run out 用完；耗尽 再用准 选用左栏短语填空 1．All passengers on board are expected to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands． 2．Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe． 3．Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can result in obesity． 4．In closing，exploring space provides the world with many different benefits． 5．We finally reached a small hotel but unfortunately，we found our money had run out． 1．形容词后缀-less荟萃 ①limit→limitless无限的 ②aim→aimless无目标的 ③use→useless没用处的 ④care→careless粗心的 ⑤end→endless无止境的 ⑥count→countless数不清的 2．“反义词”对比记忆 ①sharp→dull ②clean→dirty ③tough→easy ④shallow→deep ⑤wide→narrow ⑥positive→negative 3．聚焦“v．＋out”短语 ①run out用完；耗尽(不及物) ②break out(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然爆发 ③cut out切断；删去；停止 ④give out耗尽(不及物) ⑤die out灭绝；消失 ⑥look out小心 学生用书↓第128页 重点句式　背熟巧用　——会活用 平时造佳句 用时表达高 句式背诵 句式仿写 句式1：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth (教材原句)Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space．之后，苏联集中力量把人类送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 1．看到苹果落下的人不计其数，但牛顿是第一个问为什么的。 Millions of people saw the apple fall，but Newton was the first one to ask why． 句式2：It takes (sb) some time to do sth “做某事花费某人多长时间” (教材原句)For example，using current technology，it would take over two years to get to the closest planet，Mars，and back．例如，使用当前的技术，到达最近的行星——火星，之后再返回将需要花费两年多的时间。 2．我们要花很长时间在这两个城市之间架起一座桥梁。 It will take us a long time to build a bridge between the two cities． 核心单词　重难突破　——系统掌握 归纳提升一遍过 disappointed adj．失望的；沮丧的(disappoint vt．使失望　disappointing adj．令人失望的　disappointment n．失望；沮丧) (1)be disappointed at/with/by... 对……失望 be disappointed to do sth 对做某事失望 be disappointed that... 对……失望 (2)to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Wasting food is a common phenomenon，which is so disappointing (disappoint) that I'd like to give some advice on reducing food waste．(2024·沈阳市质量监测一) ②Overcome with bitter disappointment (disappoint) at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself in the room．(读后续写之心理描写) ③我对我父母收养了一个无家可归的男孩感到失望，好像他偷走了我父母的爱。我整天唉声叹气。意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转换成我对他的感激。(读后续写之失望心理描写) What disappointed me was that my parents had adopted a homeless boy and it seemed as if he had stolen my parents' love．I sighed away my days．Sensing that I was disappointed at/with/by his arrival，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and my disappointment gradually gave way to my gratitude to him． 学生用书↓第129页 desire n．渴望；欲望 vt．渴望；期望 (1)have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事 have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物 (2)desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事 desire that...(should) do... 渴望…… 练透——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Young people have a stronger desire for a better life and are more skilled in using the Internet to look for business opportunities． ②My foreign teacher desires his son to learn (learn) Chinese culture，so I strongly recommend Beijing Language and Culture University to him．(应用文写作之推荐信) ③如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。(2022·天津3月卷书面表达) ③－1 If you desire to communicate with foreigners freely，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away．(desire to do) ③－2 If you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away．(desire that) signal vt．& vi．标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志；预示；信号灯 (1)signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal (sb) that... 示意(某人)…… (2) traffic signals 交通信号灯 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month，signalling (signal)the end of the Spring Festival celebrations．(传统文化介绍) ②I ran up to the car，took him by the arm and signalled him to follow (follow) me．(读后续写之动作描写) ③铃声响起，放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。(读后续写之动作链描写) The bell signalled that school was over，and all the students rose to their feet，seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows． lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt．没有；缺乏(lacking adj．不足的；缺乏的) (1)(a) lack of... 缺少…… for/through lack of... 因缺少…… (2)be lacking in... 在……方面缺乏 练透——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Though lacking (lack) cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice． ②由于缺乏自信和经验，简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。(读后续写之情感描写) ②－1 For lack of confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation．(介词短语) ②－2 Lacking confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation．(分词作状语) ②－3 As she lacked confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation．(原因状语从句) 学生用书↓第130页 argue vi．& vt． (argued，argued，arguing) 论证；争论；争辩；主张；说服 (argument n．争论；争吵；论点) argue with sb about/over sth 因某事与某人争吵/争论 argue for/against (doing) sth 据理赞成/反对(做)某事 argue that... 主张……，认为…… argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is beyond argument (argue) that the Great Wall is the symbol of China．(推荐信) ②I thought I could argue my parents into allowing me to use my money as I wished．(2021·浙江卷读后续写) ③65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲，而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语经典提高他们的英语水平。(2022·全国乙卷书面表达) 65% of the students argue for enjoying English songs while 18% of the students argue that they can have their English level improved by reading English classics． attach vt．系；绑；贴(attached adj．附加的；依恋的，爱慕的　attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋) (1)attach...to... 把……固定/附在……上 attach great importance/significance to sth 认为……有重要性/意义 (2)be attached to 附属于；依恋 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She found a box lying on the table with a card attached (attach) to it，saying “Happy birthday”． ②To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to becoming (become)rich and famous． ③在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文写作之建议信) You can never attach too much importance to reading during the process of learning a language． 短语句式　学以致用　——精讲精练 应用提升全通关 result in 导致；造成 (1)result from 由……造成；因……而产生 (2)as a result 结果 as a result of 由于……的结果 without result 没有结果；白费 练透——一句多译/完成句子 ①由于缺乏社交而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会导致严重的问题。(分词作定语) ①－1 Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication，if not handled properly，may result in serious problems． ①－2 Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication，if not handled properly，may lead to serious problems． ②文化节不仅使我们了解了不同的文化，也促进了彼此的理解和友谊。(2022·浙江1月卷应用文) Not only did the festival make us know more about diverse cultures，but it also resulted in mutual understanding and friendship． 学生用书↓第131页 run out 用完；耗尽 run out of 用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态) run across 偶然遇到 run after 追逐；追求 run into 撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等) 练透——用run的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①She has run out of all her money and her patience is also running out． ②Lost in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him． ③我已经失去了所有的耐心，开始大发雷霆。(读后续写之情绪描写) I had run out of all my patience and I began to explode with anger． 句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth (教材原句) Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space． 之后，苏联集中力量把人类送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next，the only，the right，the last等修饰，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 (2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰ability，chance，opportunity，need，way，wish，effort，right，ambition，patience，anxiety，attempt等名词。 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As far as I know，Amy was the only person to witness (witness) the car accident． ②John was the first person to think (think) of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money．He was convinced that he had the ability to help (help) Bernard out of the difficulty．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) ③就个人而言，我认为我是做这个工作的最佳人选。 Personally speaking，I think I am the best person to take up the job． 句型公式：It takes (sb) some time to do sth “做某事花费(某人)多长时间” (教材原句) For example，using current technology，it would take over two years to get to the closest planet，Mars，and back． 例如，使用当前的技术，到达最近的行星——火星，之后再返回将需要花费两年多的时间。 It takes/took (sb) some time to do sth 做某事花费(某人)多长时间 It takes...to do sth 做某事需要…… spend some time doing sth 花费时间做某事 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It took him a long time to acquire (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer． ②Mrs．Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman．She spent a great deal of time visiting (visit) the poor． ③然而，我花了好几天的时间来适应这个山村的生活。 However，it took me several days to adjust to the life of the mountainous village． 学生用书↓第132页 层级一　过基础——教材核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．She managed a smile when I stepped over to her，and my anger and disappointment (disappoint) and heartbreak faded away． 2．We didn't know you were in trouble at that time，or otherwise we would have given (give) you a hand． 3．(2024·龙岩市第三次检测)What counts is that I can't wait to earn some pocket money to prove my independence (independent)． 4．By working out regularly (regular)，I have grown healthy not only physically，but also mentally (mental) in the past years． 5．Lacking physical exercise resulted in poor health．However，people are beginning to attach much more importance to their health than ever before． 6．Through the activity，what I felt is that we are able to shoulder the responsibility and make us stronger and more determined (determine)． 7．The young man had a strong desire to earn (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated． 8．My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education． 维度2　熟词生义/一词多义 写出加黑部分的精确汉语释义 1．The barman gave free drinks to the regulars at Christmas．n．常客 2．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead．vt．提出，提请考虑(想法或计划) 3．(2020· 天津7月卷)Start a business using the help of your local library．If you want to have a business of your own，your local library can become a launch space for it．n．启动 4．根据语境选出current的含义 A．adj．现在的；当前的　B．adj．流通的　C．n．水流　D．n．潮流 ①(2022·广东省一模读后续写)Fighting against the strong currents and cold wind，she screamed for help at the top of her lungs every three minutes or so． C ②The current money in China is Renminbi． B ③We should try our best to go with the current of the times． D ④Students are placed into classes based on their current language skills． A 维度3　完成句子 1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。 As the twins looked around them in disappointment，their father appeared． 2．既然你渴望学习中国文化，我认为北京语言大学适合你。 Since you have a strong desire to learn Chinese culture，I think Beijing Language and Culture University is fit for you． 3．为了建设一个更美丽的校园，学生会在两周前发起了一个名为“每天做一件好事”的活动。 In order to build a more beautiful campus，our Students' Union launched an activity called “A Good Deed a Day” two weeks ago． 学生用书↓第133页 层级二　过能力——满分写作技能提升练 Part 1．应用文写作提分练——短文(探索太空) 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 请你写一篇英语短文，介绍你对探索太空的看法 第一步：斟酌词句，靓化表达 (加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇) 1．中国人民一直渴望探索太空，希望能更多地了解宇宙。 The Chinese people have been desiring to explore the space in the hope of finding out more about the universe． 2．中国发射了许多环绕着地球运行的卫星和宇宙飞船。 China has launched many satellites and spacecrafts，orbiting around the earth． 3．一些宇航员被送入太空进行实验，以便了解太空的奥秘。 Some astronauts have been sent into space to carry on experiments so as to learn its secrets． 4．有些人支持太空探索，而另一些人则持反对态度。 Some people argue for space exploration while others are against it． 5．在我看来，我们应该重视太空探索，因为它给人类带来许多不同的好处。 From my perspective，we should attach importance to space exploration since it provides mankind with many different benefits． 第二步：恰当过渡，完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇) The Chinese people have been desiring to explore the space in the hope of finding out more about the universe．In recent years，China has launched many satellites and spacecrafts，orbiting around the earth．Besides，some astronauts have been sent into space to carry on experiments so as to learn its secrets．Some people argue for space exploration while others are against it．From my perspective，we should attach importance to space exploration since it provides mankind with many different benefits． Part 2．读后续写之场景描写——生活感悟 Ⅰ．主题语境词汇 主题语境词汇 1．keen adj． 热衷的；渴望的 2．intelligent adj． 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 3．determined adj． 有决心的；意志坚定的 4．disappointed adj． 失望的；沮丧的 5．desire n． 渴望；欲望 vt． 渴望；期望 6．leap vi．& vt． 跳过；跃过 7．signal vt．& vi． 标志着；标明；发信号 n． 信号；标志 8．float vi． 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt． 使浮动；使漂流 9．lack n． 缺乏；短缺 vt． 缺乏；没有 10．argue vt．& vi． 论证；争辩；争论 学生用书↓第134页 主题语境词块 1．provide for sb 提供生活所需 2．run out 用完；耗尽 3．storm out of the house 冲出房子 4．roar in a disappointed voice 用失望的声音吼道 Ⅱ．基于主题语境的续写实践 第一步：完成句子(已提示语法结构) 1．和妈妈大吵之后，我重重地摔上门，冲出房子。(现在分词短语作状语) Having argued with my mother fiercely，I stormed out of the house，slamming the door heavily． 2．既失望又沮丧，我感觉好像漂浮在无限悲伤的海洋里。(形容词短语作状语) Disappointed and frustrated，I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness． 3．后来，我站在一个摊位旁，由于缺钱叹了口气。 Later，I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money． 4．摊主注意到了我的窘境，微笑着向我打招呼，示意我坐下。我被感动哭了。(动作链) The seller noticed my dilemma，greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down．I was moved to tears． 5．摊主微笑道：“孩子，正是你的妈妈从你出生那天起就一直在为你提供生活所需！”(定语从句) The seller smiled，“Girl，it is your mother who has been providing for you from when you were born！” 6．我擦干眼泪，跳了起来，像风一样跑回家。 I wiped my tears，leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind． 第二步：衔接美文(将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。) Having argued with my mother fiercely，I stormed out of the house，slamming the door heavily．Disappointed and frustrated，I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness．Later，I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money．The seller noticed my dilemma，greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down．I was moved to tears．The seller smiled，“Girl，it is your mother who has been providing for you from when you were born！” I wiped my tears，leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind． 单元测评15　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) (时间：30分钟　满分：45分) Ⅰ．阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2024·山东省济宁市三模)What is the 15-minute city? It's the urban planning concept that everything city residents need should be a short walk or bike ride away—about 15 minutes from home to work，shopping，entertainment，restaurants，schools，parks and health care．Supporters argue that 15-minute cities are healthier for residents and the environment，creating united mini-communities，boosting local businesses，and encouraging people to get outside，walk，and cycle． Many cities across Europe offer similar ideas，but Paris has become its poster child．Mayor Anne Hidalgo has sought to fight climate change by decreasing choking traffic in the streets and fuel emissions．In 2015，Paris was 17th on the list of bike-friendly cities；by 2019，it was 8th．Car ownership，meanwhile，dropped from 60 percent of house holds in 2001 to 35 percent in 2019．The 15-minute city figured largely in Hidalgo's successful 2020 re-election campaign．The idea has also gained support in the U．S． It clearly won't work everywhere: Not every city is as centralized and walkable as Paris．Some car-dominated cities like Los Angeles and Phoenix would be hard-pressed to provide everything people need within walking distance．In addition，some urban planners argue that the 15-minute city could increase the separation of neighborhoods by income．Neighborhoods equipped with all the conveniences required by the 15-minute city also tend to have high housing costs and wealthier residents． Despite some resistance，the basic principles behind the 15-minute city are influencing planning in cities around the world，including Melbourne，Barcelona，Buenos Aires，Singapore，and Shanghai．Urban designer and thinker Jay Pitter says cities where basic needs are within walking distance create more individual freedom than needing to drive every where．“In a city where services are always close by，” he says，“mobility is a choice: You go where you want because you want to，not because you have to．My fight is not against the car．My fight is how we could improve the quality of life．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。15分钟城市的理念是城市居民需要的一切都应该是短距离步行或骑自行车出行——从家到上班、购物、娱乐、餐馆、学校、公园和医疗中心大约需要15分钟，这对于居民来说很方便。文章主要介绍了15分钟城市的理念的起源以及人们对该理念的不同观点。 1．Which best describes the 15-minute city? A．Modern． B．Convenient． C．Entertaining． D．Smart． 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“What is the 15-minute city? It's the urban planning concept that everything city residents need should be a short walk or bike ride away—about 15 minutes from home to work，shopping，entertainment，restaurants，schools，parks and health care．”可知，15分钟城市的理念是城市居民需要的一切都应该是短距离步行或骑自行车出行——从家到上班、购物、娱乐、餐馆、学校、公园和医疗中心大约需要15分钟，这对于居民来说很方便，由此可推知，B项“Convenient”便利的最能描述15分钟城市的特点，故选B。 2．What's the original intention for Paris to advocate the 15-minute city? A．To address climate issues． B．To beautify the city． C．To promote the bike industry． D．To help Hidalgo get re-elected． 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many cities across Europe offer similar ideas，but Paris has become its poster child．Mayor Anne Hidalgo has sought to fight climate change by decreasing choking traffic in the streets and fuel emissions．”可知，巴黎倡导15分钟城市的初衷是解决气候问题，故选A。 3．What's some urban planners' worry about the 15-minute city? A．It slows the city's expansion． B．It represents a setback for society． C．It may widen the gap between neighborhoods． D．It can cause the specialization of neighborhoods． 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In addition，some urban planners argue that the 15-minute city could increase the separation of neighborhoods by income．Neighborhoods equipped with all the conveniences required by the 15-minute city also tend to have high housing costs and wealthier residents．”可知，一些城市规划者对这个15分钟城市的担心是，它可能会加大邻里之间的差距，故选C。 4．What's Jay Pitter's attitude to the concept of 15-minute city? A．Doubtful． B．Favorable． C．Critical． D．Uninterested． 答案：B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Urban designer and thinker Jay Pitter says cities where basic needs are within walking distance create more individual freedom than needing to drive every where．”可推知，Jay Pitter对15分钟城市理念的态度是赞成的，故选B。 B (2024·山东省烟台市高三二模)A school science project by a group of students in Canada has led to an important discovery: EpiPens might cease to function normally in space． EpiPens，the auto-injectors (注射器) that deliver life-saving medicine called epinephrine，help with severe allergic(过敏) reactions．The epinephrine opens up airways，maintains heat function and blood pressure and calms the allergic reaction so the person can breathe． The students working on Program for Gifted Learners (PGL) were curious about how radiation in space would affect the molecular (分子) structure of epinephrine．As part of a NASA initiative called “Cubes in Space”，which launches science experiments students come up with，they sent two cubes with samples of both pure epinephrine and EpiPen solution into space，one on a rocket and the other on a balloon．With the cubes too small to hold an entire EpiPen the students had consulted with Paul Mayer，a chemist at University of Ottawa and eventually figured out a way to get the EpiPen solution into a specially-made bottle． The samples were analyzed in a lab before and after returning to Earth．The team found the pure epinephrine samples only returned 87 percent pure—the other 13 percent had turned into poisonous chemicals．And no epinephrine was found in the EpiPen solution samples． Mayer was skeptical at first that the samples would show any signs of decomposition，but he was blown away by the “dramatic” results．“It's brilliant，” he tells Global News．“The first part of doing science is asking the right questions，and they asked a fantastic question．” The students' findings could have real-world implications for space travel and astronauts' safety．Excited to have made such a groundbreaking discovery，the students plan to do the experiment again to check their results．They're also working on designing a capsule to protect the EpiPen solution in space． “You feel like you're making a real change，” says student Benjamin Sum，who wants to build rockets when he grows up．“It feels like it's just adults．But kids can actually be involved．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。加拿大一群学生在一个学校科学项目中做出了一个重要发现：EpiPens可能在太空中停止正常工作。 5．What can EpiPens do for human allergic reaction? A．Cure it for good． B．Detect its early signs． C．Stimulate it in time． D．Relieve it temporarily． 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“EpiPens，the auto-injectors (注射器) that deliver life-saving medicine called epinephrine，help with severe allergic (过敏) reactions．”可知，EpiPens有助于缓解严重的过敏反应，所以EpiPens对人类的过敏反应有暂时缓解的作用，故选D项。 6．Why were the samples of pure epinephrine and EpiPen solution launched into space? A．To break down the epinephrine． B．To test epinephrine's effectiveness． C．To integrate innovation into clinical study． D．To confirm they can stand space environments． 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“The samples were analyzed in a lab before and after returning to Earth．The team found the pure epinephrine samples only returned 87 percent pure—the other 13 percent had turned into poisonous chemicals．And no epinephrine was found in the EpiPen solution samples．”可知，样本返回地球后，分析发现纯肾上腺素样本的纯度仅为87%，由此可以推理出把纯肾上腺素和EpiPen溶液样本发射到太空的目的是测试肾上腺素的有效性。故选B项。 7．What quality of the students impresses Mayer most? A．Their spirit of commitment． B．Their unity and teamwork． C．Their spirit of scientific inquiry． D．Their sincerity and integrity． 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“The first part of doing science is asking the right questions，and they asked a fantastic question．”可知，学生们善于思考，提出问题，这说明学生有探究精神，由此可推知，Mayer对学生们印象最深的品质是他们的科学探究精神。故选C项。 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Kids Find out EpiPens May Not Work in Space B．PGL: A Program Devoted to Astronomy Research C．Scientists Team up with Pupils for Space Exploration D．EpiPens：An Advanced Device Applied to Save Lives 答案：A 解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段提出了话题：加拿大一群学生做出了一项重要发现：EpiPens可能在太空中停止正常工作，后续段落对这一发现进行详细描述并对这些学生的科学精神进行了赞扬，所以本文最佳标题应为“孩子们发现EpiPens在太空中可能不起作用”，故选A项。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(本题共5个小题，每小题2分，共10分) (2024·衡水中学高三下学期一调) The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking． 1 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us．Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work? The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans．Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring． 2 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next，humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk． So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well，even 200，000 years ago，too much risk-taking could get one killed．A few daring survived，though，along with a few stay-in-the-cave types．As a result，humans developed a range of character types that still exists today．So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it． 3 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range，scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years． 4 To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences．New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well． 5 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active． As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking，we'll continue to hit the mountains，the waves or the shallow end of the pool． A．It all depends on your character． B．Those are the risks you should jump to take． C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival． D．Thus，these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest． E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world． F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards． G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关。 1．答案：F 解析：根据前文“because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking”可知，当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。再根据后文“Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us．”可知，有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项“然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与前文为转折关系，故选F。 2．答案：C 解析：根据前文“Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring．”可知，喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接前文。故选C。 3．答案：A 解析：根据前文“So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it．”可知，也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。A项承接前文，故选A。 4．答案：E 解析：根据前文“scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years”可知，科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据后文“To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences．”可知，为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”符合语境。故选E。 5．答案：G 解析：根据后文“For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active．”可知，不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作”符合语境。故选G。 Ⅲ．语法填空(本题共10个空，每空1．5分，共15分) (2024·山东省日照市高考二模)Samantha Cristoforetti，the first Italian female astronaut in space，1． (post) a group of photos and several Chinese sentences on her Twitter account during her mission at the International Space Station． Attached to the photos 2． (be) several lines from Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion，an ancient Chinese calligraphy masterpiece 3． famous Chinese calligrapher Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty． Cristoforetti even gave 4． accurate translation of the lines，saying，“Looking up，I see the vastness of the universe．5． (bow) my head，I look at the multitude of the world．The gaze flies，the heart expands，the joy of the senses can reach its peak，6． this is true happiness indeed．” “Her quotation (引语) of the lines shows that she 7． (careful) observed the universe with the vision of Chinese civilization while observing China from space．Such a quotation is very special，8． shows her ambition and a sense of pride，” said Professor Wang Hui from Tsinghua University． Her quotation also sparked a heated 9． (discuss) among foreign Internet users on social media．Some netizens said that with her Chinese language capacity，Cristoforetti also has the ability 10． (work) at the Chinese space station，while others hope that there will be less conflict and more cooperation in the world． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利航天员克里斯托弗雷蒂在太空写下中国古文《兰亭集序》中的句子，一条“太空推特”引发网友热议，共同探索和和平利用外空会促进全人类的共同福祉，各国理应携手合作，让地球和世界变得更加美好。 1．答案：posted 解析：句意：萨曼莎·克里斯托弗雷蒂是第一位进入太空的意大利女宇航员，她在国际空间站执行任务期间，在自己的推特账号上发布了一组照片和几句中文。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时，故填posted。 2．答案：were 解析：句意：照片附的是《兰亭集序》中的几行，这是中国东晋著名书法家王羲之的古代书法杰作。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时；该句为表语前置的倒装，主语是lines，故填were。 3．答案：by 解析：表示“作者是，由……所写”应用介词by。 4．答案：an 解析：句意：克里斯托福弗蒂甚至准确地翻译了这些词句，她说：“抬头看，我看到了宇宙的浩瀚。低头看，我看着世界的浩瀚。凝视飞扬，心旷神怡，感官的喜悦达到顶峰，这才是真正的幸福。”translation“翻译”是可数名词单数形式，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词，且accurate的发音是以元音音素开头，故填an。 5．答案：Bowing 解析：逗号前部分是状语，空处应填非谓语动词，逻辑主语I和bow之间为主动关系，应用动词-ing形式。故填Bowing。 6．答案：and/so 解析：空处应填连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，上下文是并列或因果关系，故填and/so。 7．答案：carefully 解析：句意：她引用的词句表明，她在太空观察中国的同时，用中华文明的眼光仔细观察了宇宙。修饰动词observed应用所给词的副词形式。故填carefully。 8．答案：which 解析：句意：这样的引语很特别，这表明了她的雄心壮志和自豪感。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是quotation，指物，从句缺少主语，故填which。 9．答案：discussion 解析：句意：她的引语也在社交媒体上引发了外国网民的热烈讨论。空处应填名词discussion“讨论”作宾语，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填discussion。 10．答案：to work 解析：句意：一些网友表示，凭借她的中文能力，克里斯托福雷蒂也有能力在中国空间站工作，而另一些人则希望世界上少一些冲突，多一些合作。该句中已有谓语动词has，故空处填非谓语动词，ability后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to work。 学生用书↓第135页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$