Unit 8 Green Living（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（北师大版2019）

学应用文写作思路·背精彩范文(体裁：投稿　话题：介绍一次采摘活动) 典例呈现 　　(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括： 1.农场情况；2.采摘过程；3.个人感受。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.题目已为你写好。 题目：My Weekend 精彩范文在线 词汇学习记忆 My Weekend In order to release the pressure resulting from our study，I went to Xingxing Farm to pick some oranges together with my classmates last weekend. As soon as we arrived at the farm，we saw many oranges hanging all over the branches.Then we were divided into two groups.One group was responsible for picking fruits，while the other packed up the fruits.Bathed in sunshine，we sang and laughed while picking oranges.Time flying quickly，the activity was over. Through this activity，we know how hard the farmers are and how precious the food is.We should treasure the food planted by the farmers. ①release vt.释放，宣泄 ②result from由……引起 ③hang vi.悬挂 ④be divided into被分成…… ⑤be responsible for负责…… ⑥be bathed in沐浴在……，沉浸于…… ⑦precious adj.珍贵的 ⑧treasure vt.珍惜 句型迁移运用 ①In order to release the pressure resulting from our study，I went to Xingxing Farm to pick some oranges together with my classmates last weekend.(动词不定式作目的状语) 【仿写】 他在当地一家动物收容所做志愿者，帮助照顾有需要的动物。 He volunteered at a local animal shelter to help take care of animals in need． ②Time flying quickly，the activity was over.(独立主格结构) 【仿写】 狗大声吠叫，我知道有人在靠近房子。 The dog barking loudly，I knew someone was approaching the house. 学生用书↓第394页 一、重点单词分类——夯基础 核心单词 1．ocean n. 海洋，大海 2．desert n. 沙漠 3．electricity n. 电 4．transport n. 交通运输系统，运输方式 5．recycle vi.&vt. 再利用，回收利用 6．battery n. 电池 7．flat n. 一套公寓房，一套住房 adj. 平坦的 8．root n. 树根 9．shoot n. 芽，苗；嫩枝 vt. 射中；射击 10．foundation n. 基础；地基 11．brick n. 砖，砖块 12．wag vi.&vt. (狗)摇(尾巴) 13．poster n. 海报 14．founder n. 创办人，创始者 15．contented adj. 满意的；满足的 16．region n. 地区，区域 17．slim adj. 微小的；苗条的；薄的 18．rate n. 比率，率 19．quote n. 引文，引用(的话) 20．overcome vt. 克服(困难)；控制(感情) 21．former adj. 以前的，从前的 22．ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的 23．therefore adv. 因此；由此 24．path n. 小径，小道 25．destination n. 目的地；终点 26．pedal vi.&vt. 骑 n. 踏板 27．resident n. 居民 28．attitude n. 看法；态度 29．percentage n. 百分比，百分率 30．packaging n. 包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 31．plastic adj. 塑料制的 32．sum vt. 概括，总结 33．indicate vt. 表明；显示 34．landfill n. 废弃物填埋场 35．flooding n. 水灾，洪水泛滥 36．overflow vi.&vt. 满是，有许多；泛滥 拓展单词 1.global adj.全球的，全世界的→globally adv.全球地→globe n．地球；世界；地球仪；球状物→globalization n．全球化 2．industrial adj.工业的→industry n．工业；行业；勤奋，勤劳 3．extinction n．灭绝→extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的 4．solution n．解决办法→solve vt.解决，处理 5．balance n．平衡→balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的，兼顾各方的 6．bother vi.&vt.费心，麻烦→bothered adj.担心的；烦恼的 7．firm adj.坚实的；稳固的→firmly adv.坚决地；坚定地；坚固地 8．involve vt.参与；包含→involved adj.参与的；复杂的；有关的，涉及的→involvement n．参与，加入 9．profit n．盈利，利润→profitable adj.有利可图的，赢利的；有利润的；有好处的 10．organiser n．组织者，安排者→organise vt.组织，筹备，安排→organisation n．组织，团体，机构→organised adj.有组织的，系统的，有条理的 11．occur vi.发生→occurrence n．发生，出现；存在；发生的事情 12．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的，农用的；以农业为主的 13．proposal n．建议，提议→propose vt.提议，建议；打算，计划；求婚 14．survival n．继续生存，幸存→survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存→survivor n．幸存者 15．determination n．决心；毅力→determine vt.确定；支配；决心vi.决心→determined adj.坚决的；坚定的；果断的 16．parking n．(车辆等的)停放→park n．公园 vt.停(车)，泊(车) 17．disappear vi.消失，不见→disappearance n．消失，不见 18．tracking n．跟踪→track vt.&vi.跟踪，追踪n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 学生用书↓第395页 19.official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的→officially adv.正式地；官方地 20．disposable adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的→dispose vt.处置，布置；排列；安排 21．container n．容器→contain vt.包含，含有；容纳；控制，克制，抑制(感情) 22．majority n．大多数→major adj.主要的，重要的→minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数派，少数 23．annually adv.每年；一年一度地→annual adj.每年的；年度的；一年的 24．pollutant n．污染物→pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染；弄脏；污染物 阅读单词 1.tap n. 龙头；阀门 2.tissue n. 纸巾 3.smog n. 雾霾 4.carbon n. 碳 5.just-me-ism n. 以自我为中心；自我中心主义 6.gallon n. 加仑 7.institute n. 机构；研究院 8.chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩 9.pm n. 下午 10.union n. 联合会 11.headstone n. 墓碑 12.county n. 县 13.diagram n. 图解，示意图 14.honey n. 蜂蜜 15.butter n. 黄油，牛油 16.yoghurt n. 酸奶 17.air conditioning n. 空调系统 18.clean-burning adj. 清洁焚烧的 19.waste-to-energy adj. 以垃圾作为能源的 20.footwear n. 鞋类 21.near-surface adj. 近地表的 22.build-up n. 增长；加强 二、必备短语分组——抓落实 汉译英 1．can't be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事 2．take action 采取行动 3．all around the world 全世界 4．make sb's dream come true (使)某人梦想成真 5．come up with 想出，想到 6．take part (in) 参加 7．cut back on 削减，缩减 8．pay attention to 注意…… 英译汉 9．do my part for sth 尽自己所能做某事 10．work through 调整(情绪) 11．be committed to 致力于；全身心地投入 12．live in peace with 与……和平相处 13．make a difference 有影响 14．to sum up 总之 15．turn...into... 把……转变成…… 16．make the best of 充分利用 三、经典句式默背——积佳句 句型公式 1.as if引导状语从句 We are using resources as if we had two planets，not one. 我们使用资源就好像我们有两个地球，而不是一个似的。 2．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up. 比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。 3．强调句型 It is by acting together，in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands－millions－of people, and this is what is going to change the world. 正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至千百万人参与其中，这将改变世界。 单元美句 Every individual matters.Every individual has a role to play.Every individual makes a difference. 每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。 学生用书↓第95页 (限时20分钟，满分50分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每空1分，共10分) 1．My phone's battery (电池) is running low，so I need to find a charger soon. 2．Although she is a famous singer，she dresses like an ordinary (普通的) girl. 3．Unfortunately，they lost their way in the desert (沙漠) and finally died of thirst. 4．Despite his former (以前的) status as a famous singer，he now leads a quiet life in a small town. 5．In face of the water shortage，the city government has urged residents to save and recycle (回收利用) water. 6．The rise in e-commerce has opened up new opportunities for businesses to reach a global (全球的) market. 7．The official (官方的) language of the country is English，but there are regional dialects spoken as well. 8．Plastic drinking bottles make up a large percentage (百分比) of the trash left behind by these visitors. 9．After five hours' trip，we finally arrived at the destination (目的地) and both of us were exhausted. 10．It is my mother's encouraging words that gave me the courage to overcome (克服) the difficulties. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．Climate change is threatening the survival of many coral reefs，putting numerous marine species at risk of extinction (extinct). 2．It's important to maintain a balanced (balance) diet that includes a variety of fruits，vegetables，proteins，and whole grains. 3．The proposal (propose) that he came up with in the meeting deserves considering carefully. 4．With great effort and determination (determine)，we have confidence that we can create a better future. 5．The city has held a total of 3，000 cultural activities and 700 performances annually (annual) during the past decade. 6．Some money will also be provided to each affected family to meet the basic needs for survival (survive). 7．Currently (current)，the heritage sites face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection. 8．(2020·江苏卷)If you look at all sides of the situation，you'll find probably a solution (solve) that suits everyone. 9．We must take our country's destiny of development and progress firmly (firm) in our own hands. 10．More and more countries are beginning to realize the seriousness of this problem because of the accelerated disappearance (disappear) of species. Ⅲ.短语填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) take action，all around the world，cut back on，come up with，to sum up，make sb's dream come true，work through，do my part for，make a difference，take part in 1．The doctor suggests that I should cut back on foods containing too much fat and sugar. 学生用书↓第96页 2．It's high time that we should take action to protect the water resources. 3．To sum up，it is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults. 4．As a student，I hope I can do my part for the protection of endangered wildlife. 5．The video has been seen by millions of people all around the world after it was posted online. 6．We have sent him an invitation letter but it is unknown whether he will take part in the party or not. 7．He racked his brains for a long time but couldn't come up with a better solution. 8．If we combine our efforts and take immediate measures，we can make a difference to the society. 9．I need some time alone to work through my thoughts and emotions. 10．With hard work and perseverance，she finally made her dream come true，becoming a professional basketball player. Ⅳ.经典句式仿写(每小题2分，共10分) 1．到这儿，你就感觉好像在家一样。(as if/though引导状语从句) You'll feel as if you were at home while here. 2．他说的话让我纳闷他真正的意思是什么。(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) What he said just left me wondering what his real meaning was. 3．只有通过相互倾听和理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才能被解决。(强调句型) It is by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 4．为了唤起学生们对科学的好奇心，我们进行了动手实验和演示。(动词不定式作目的状语) To arouse students' curiosity in science，we conduct hands-on experiments and demonstrations. 5．我们课程的重点是培养学生的批判性思维和解决问题的能力。(动词不定式作表语) The focus of our curriculum is to develop critical thinking and problem-solving abilities in students. Part 1　核心词汇·多维练透 balance n．平衡(派生词：balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的，兼顾各方的) (1)keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡 on balance 总的说来；权衡之后，全面考虑之后 (2)balance v. 比较；(使)保持平衡 balance...against... 权衡/比较……和…… balance...with... 使……和……平衡 (3)have/keep a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之建议信 ①You have to balance the advantages of studying abroad against the disadvantages. ②We should balance the development of economy with the protection of environment. ③On balance，we have a good chance of winning the race. ④If you want to lose weight，then you should have a balanced (balance) diet. ⑤如果你想拥有快乐的学校生活，你最好在学习与放松之间保持平衡。 If you want to have a happy school life，you'd better keep a balance between study and relaxation． 学生用书↓第97页 [中国元素] Traditional Chinese cuisine strives for a balance of flavors，combining sweet，sour，salty，bitter，and spicy elements in a single dish.传统的中国菜力求口味平衡，将甜、酸、咸、苦、辣元素融合在一道菜中。 root n．树根 v．翻寻；给……加油；根除(派生词：rooted adj.根深蒂固的；稳固的) (1)be (deeply) rooted in (深深)扎根于，根植于 stand rooted to the spot 待在原地不动 (2)take root (植物)生根；(思想)植根，深入人心(后常跟介词in) (3)root around 翻找；搜寻 root for 支持；为……鼓劲 root out 铲除，清除；根除，杜绝，彻底解决　　 根据汉语提示补全句子/应用文写作之传统文化 ①From that day on，a dream has taken root (生根) in his heart. ②He rooted around (翻找) in the drawer and found the letter at last. ③Whatever happens，I will be the one who roots for (支持) you forever. ④It is impossible to root out (清除) all the problems at a time.You should deal with them one by one. ⑤尊老爱幼的传统深深植根于中国人的心中。 The tradition of respecting the old and taking care of the young is deeply rooted in heart of the Chinese. bother vi.&vt.费心，麻烦 (1)can't/couldn't be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事；嫌麻烦而不做某事 (2)bother to do/doing sth 费心做某事 bother sb with/about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 It bothers/bothered sb that... 使某人苦恼的是……，使某人生气的是…… (3)bother n. 麻烦；困难 have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费力　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之家庭生活 ①Don't bother to look/looking (look) for my umbrella，and it will turn up some day. ②I'm sorry to bother you with/about so many questions on such an occasion. ③ It really bothers me that they haven't replied to our letters. ④(2020·浙江卷)My older brother couldn't be bothered to play (play) with me. ⑤We had a lot of bother finding (find) our way to his house. ⑥此刻我不想让我的妈妈为我的事操心。 I don't want to bother my mother with my problems at the moment. ⑦我懒得打扫我的房间，所以我关上门，忽略了里面的脏乱。 I couldn't be bothered to clean my room，so I just closed the door and ignored the mess. [中国元素] End of Heat implies that most parts in China are getting rid of the hot summer and entering autumn.But in some areas，especially in South China，people are still bothered by hot weather.处暑意味着中国大部分地区正在摆脱炎热的夏季，进入秋季。但在一些地区，尤其是在中国南方，人们仍然受到炎热天气的困扰。 学生用书↓第98页 take action采取行动 (1)take action to do sth 采取行动做某事 (2)in action 在活动中；在运转 (3)put...into action 把……付诸实施，实行……　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之野生动物保护 ①(2020·北京卷)Now，lots of countries and regions are taking action to ban (ban) the sale of such bags to stop people using them. ②When the machines are in action，at least two workers should be on duty. ③After extensive planning，the new marketing strategy was put into action to increase sales and brand awareness. ④如果我们不采取行动保护野生动物，有朝一日它们将全部灭绝。 If we don't take action to protect wildlife，they will die out some day. [真题衔接] ⑤(2020·天津卷)缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由。 Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action． involve vt.参与；包含(派生词：①involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的　②involvement n．参与，加入) (1)involve doing sth 包括做某事；需要做某事 involve sb/oneself in (doing) sth 使某人/自己参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中 (2)get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于 be/get involved with sb/sth 与某人混在一起；和某事有密切联系　　 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①The volunteer work will involve serving (serve) food at the homeless shelter every other weekend. ②Online voting becomes increasingly popular，and many competitions get people involved (involve) in it. ③He's smart enough to know that if he gets involved with that bad man，he's getting into trouble. ④In a recent book，he advocated much more government involvement (involve) in health care. ⑤I have got involved in volunteer work，and I have learned a lot. →Involved in volunteer work，I have learned a lot.(动词-ed形式短语作状语) →Involving myself in volunteer work，I have learned a lot.(动词-ing形式短语作状语) [名师点津]　involved作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。 例如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。 [真题衔接] ⑥(2020·天津卷)所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。 All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting involved． occur vi.发生(派生词：occurrence n．发生，出现；存在；发生的事情) (1)sth occur(s) to sb 某人突然想起某事 (2)It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事 It occurs to sb that... 某人突然想起……(＝It hits/strikes sb that...)　　 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)We are the products of evolution，and not just evolution that occurred (occur) billions of years ago. ②Right at that moment，a thought occurred to Kelly that she could fit in the new home as long as she made an attempt. 学生用书↓第99页 ③The occurrence (occur) of severe weather events has increased in recent years due to climate change. ④It occurred to me to go (go) to the grocery to grab something for dinner on the way home. ⑤我突然想到我出门前忘了锁前门。 a．It occurred to me that I had forgotten to lock the front door before leaving the house.(occur) b．It hit me that I had forgotten to lock the front door before leaving the house.(hit) [中国元素] The famous Battle of Red Cliffs occurred during the Three Kingdoms period，marking a significant turning point in Chinese history.著名的赤壁之战发生在三国时期，标志着中国历史的一个重大转折。 attitude n．看法；态度 (1)attitude to/towards 对……的态度(其中to/towards为介词，后跟名词或动词-ing形式作宾语) have/has a positive/negative attitude to/towards... 对……有积极的/消极的态度 (2)询问“对……的态度”时常用疑问词what　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之建议信 ①People have different attitudes to/towards exercise；some see it as a necessary chore，while others view it as an enjoyable activity. ②He has a negative attitude to studying (study) abroad alone when children are very young. ③只有当你对学习采取积极的态度，你才能克服障碍，充分发挥自己的潜力。 Only when you take a positive attitude to/towards studying can you overcome obstacles and achieve your full potential. [名师点津]　attitude与altitude相似，但altitude意为“海拔；高度”。 [真题衔接] ④(2020·江苏卷)你的态度和努力很重要。 Your attitude and effort count a lot. take part (in)参加 (1)for my/his/their part 就我/他/他们而言 (2)in part 部分地；在某种程度上 (3)play a part in 在……中起作用，参与……　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之新闻报道 ①For my part，I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons. ②She chose to study abroad，in part because she wanted to experience a different culture. ③The dragon is a symbol of the Chinese nation and plays an important part in Chinese festivals. ④上周五，我们参加了由学校组织的在和平社区幼儿园的志愿劳动活动。 Last Friday，we took part in a voluntary labor activity in the nursery of He Ping Community，organized by our school. [中国元素] The annual Spring Festival Gala is a highly anticipated event where artists from various fields take part in entertaining the audience with music，dance，and comedy.一年一度的春节联欢晚会是一个备受期待的活动，来自各个领域的艺术家们将参与其中，用音乐、舞蹈和喜剧来娱乐观众。 学生用书↓第100页 cut back on削减，缩减 (1)cut down 砍倒；削减，缩小(尺寸、数量等)；降价 (2)cut off 切断；停掉；隔绝 (3)cut in 插入；插嘴 (4)cut across/through 抄近路穿过　　 用cut相关短语的适当形式填空/应用文写作之建议信 ①In order to make space for the new construction project，they had to cut down the trees in this area. ②It is impolite to cut in when others are talking. ③The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. ④To save time，we decided to take a shortcut and cut across the field to get to the other side of town. ⑤我建议你减少社交媒体的使用，花更多的时间阅读和扩展你的知识。 I suggest that you cut back on social media usage and devote more time to reading and expanding your knowledge. [中国元素] To promote a deeper understanding of traditional Chinese arts，schools should cut back on academic workload and allow more time for cultural activities.为了加深对中国传统艺术的了解，学校应该减少学业负担，留出更多的时间进行文化活动。 Part 2　经典句式·写作迁移 leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 句中leave用作使役动词，表示“使/让……保持某种状态”，常跟复合宾语(即：宾语＋宾语补足语)，具体构成如下： (1)动词-ed形式充作宾语补足语，构成“leave＋sth/sb＋done”结构，常用来表示宾语所处的状态或表示动作已经完成(宾语和宾语补足语之间为被动关系)； (2)动词-ing形式充作宾语补足语，构成“leave＋sb/sth＋doing”结构，常用来表示使某人或某物一直做某事(宾语和宾语补足语之间为主动关系)； (3)名词/形容词/副词/介词短语作宾语补足语，构成“leave＋sb/sth＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”结构； (4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句。　　 [教材原句]　Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.比方说，你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，当外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。 [写作迁移]——微写作 ①他们让孩子们独自在公园里玩，没有意识到潜在的风险。 They left the children playing in the park alone，unaware of the potential risk. ②战争使她成了孤儿，史密斯夫妇收养了她。 The war left her an orphan and the Smiths adopted her. ③他们给他盖了一条毯子，只露出了他的眼睛。 They covered him with a blanket，only leaving his eyes exposed． ④你太粗心了，把药放在了孩子们能拿到的地方。 It was very careless of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it． 学生用书↓第101页 Part 3　知识拾遗·查缺补漏 Ⅰ.单元词汇拾遗 1．proposal n．建议，提议→propose vt.提议，建议；打算，计划；求婚 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①My team and I proposed hosting (host) a charity event to raise funds for a local non-profit organization. ②It is proposed that we revise the company's social media strategy to enhance our online brand presence. ③The manager prepared a detailed proposal (propose) to improve the overall health and well-being of the staff. 2．work through调整(情绪)→work as担任……；担任……工作→work for被……雇用；为……尽力→work on从事……工作 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①After the loss of her loved one，she is working through her grief and trying to adjust her emotions. ②It is hard to imagine that the famous writer used to work as a construction worker for several years. ③My friend works for a tech company as a software developer. ④My team and I are working on a project to improve customer service. Ⅱ.一词多义 1．flat [对点微练]——选出flat的含义 A．n.一套公寓房，一套住房　B．adj.平坦的 C．adj.不景气的　D．adj.瘪了的　 E．adj.电用完了的　F．adj.(拒绝或否认)断然的，坚决的 ①We had to pull the car off the road to change a flat tire. D ②The housing market has been flat for months. C ③If you ask her for help，it is likely that she will give you a flat refusal. F ④We're going to buy a flat or a small house somewhere in South London. A ⑤Lie down on a flat surface and place a cool，damp towel over your forehead. B ⑥I left my car lights on all night and now the battery is flat. E 2．shoot [对点微练]——选出shoot的含义 A．n.芽，苗　B．vt.射中，射击　C．vt.拍摄 D．vt.射门　E．vt.(朝某方向)冲，奔，飞驰 ①The two young stars were 12 years old when the film was shot. C ②In early spring we could see new shoots coming out of the ground. A ③They had almost reached the boat when a figure shot past them. E ④He had been shot in the leg while trying to escape. B ⑤He shot the ball in the final seconds of the game，which helped his team win the champion. D 3．firm [对点微练]——选出firm的含义 A．adj.强有力的，坚决的　B．adj.牢固的，稳固的 C．n.商行，公司 ①The company now has a firm footing in the marketplace. B ②The firm has achieved a dominant position in the world market. C ③Firmer action will be taken against factories discharging smoke into the air. A 学生用书↓第102页 4．desert n．沙漠 vt.抛弃，离弃，遗弃 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 ①Never has he had the idea of deserting his friends，even in hard times. vt.抛弃，离弃，遗弃 ②The African continent，despite the fact that part of it is covered by desert，is one of the largest undeveloped continents in the world. n.沙漠 Ⅰ.熟词生义——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2020·江苏卷)They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic(新陈代谢的)rates and took samples(样品)of their blood and fat tissue. n.(人、动植物细胞的)组织 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere，the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine's roots，yet still manages to add a special twist. n.根源，起源 3．(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Pulling up to the building，Grant saw flames(火焰) shooting out of a second-floor window. v.(使朝某方向)冲，奔，扑 Ⅱ.词汇拓展——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2021·北京卷)Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. n.不平衡 掌握规律·词汇拓展 balance n．平衡→balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的，兼顾各方的→imbalance n．不平衡；失衡；不公平→imbalanced adj.失衡的；失调的 2．(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)By the time 250，000 were on the bridge，engineers noticed something terrible: the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. v.把……弄平 掌握规律·词汇拓展 flat adj.平坦的→flatten v．把……弄平，使平贴；压缩，精简 3．(2019·江苏卷)The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. adv.非常；格外 掌握规律·词汇拓展 ordinary adj.普通的；平常的→extraordinary adj.非凡的，卓越的，令人惊奇的→extraordinarily adv.非常；格外；异常地 Ⅲ.长难句剖析 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support，the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 自主剖析：本句为主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；what引导的从句作介词of的宾语；介词短语regarding emotional intelligence作后置定语，修饰beliefs。 尝试翻译：虽然关于情商的流行观点远远领先于研究可以合理支持的观点，但是宣传的总体效果更多的是有益的，而不是有害的。 Ⅳ.写作佳句回眸练 1．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)我总是用不同的声音阅读，就好像我在用我的声音表演故事，他们很喜欢！ I always read，using different voices，as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! 学生用书↓第103页 2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。 But that's how nature is — always leaving us astonished． Ⅴ.单元新情境创新应用 用所给单词的正确形式填空或填入一个合适的词(黑体部分是本单元词汇) Mike dreamed of being an animal researcher when he 1.was (be) young.He wanted to study the topics 2.involving (involve) why dogs like wagging their tails or the brain structures of chimpanzees.So he was ready to let workers take action to use firm bricks as foundations to build 3.an institute to research animals.However，one day he found the 4.harmful (harm) waste water from construction polluted the roots and shoots of the crops.Mike wasn't “Just-me-ism”，so he didn't bother to set up the institute.5.Although/Though he gave up his dream，he spread the 6.significance (significant) of environmental protection all around the world.One day he 7.was invited (invite) to have a picnic in the forest.But when arriving at the destination，he found that there was not a parking lot.Therefore，he had to park his bike by the side of the path.8.Unfortunately (unfortunate)，when he finished the picnic，he found that his bike disappeared.9.To prevent (prevent) this from happening again，he came up 10.with a solution designing a tracking system.Since then，his bike has stayed with him forever. Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练 第一步　练表达——亮出文采 使用本单元所学知识完成下列句子 1．自1990年以来，杨先生一直在中国北方最大的沙漠植树。 Mr Yang has been planting trees in the biggest desert of northern China since 1990. 2．一开始，他遇到了很多困难，似乎只有一个微小的机会。 At first，he met a lot of difficulties，and there seemed only a slim chance． 3．困难并没有阻止他尝试。 The difficulties did not prevent/stop him (from) trying． 4．现在种植在沙漠中的树木存活率很高。 Now the trees planted in the desert have a very high survival rate． 5．他对当地生态产生了巨大的影响。 He has made a huge difference to the local ecology. 6．正是他的决心鼓励他实现梦想。 It is his determination that encourages him to make his dream come true． 第二步　学逻辑——完美成篇 运用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 Mr Yang has been planting trees in the biggest desert of northern China since 1990.At first，he met a lot of difficulties，and there seemed only a slim chance.However，the difficulties did not prevent/stop him (from) trying.Now the trees planted in the desert have a very high survival rate.He has made a huge difference to the local ecology.It is his determination that encourages him to make his dream come true. 学生用书↓第104页 Ⅱ.读后续写提能练(尴尬与羞愧) 1．好词好句输入 单 词 embarrass；embarrassed；embarrassing；embarrassment；awkward；awkwardness；red-faced；shame；ashamed；shameful；shameless 短 语 with/in shame羞愧地；be struck dead with shame羞愧得要死；lower down one's head with embarrassment/ shame 尴尬/羞愧地低下了头；hide one's embarrassment掩饰某人的尴尬；in/with embarrassment尴尬地；blush with embarrassment难为情得脸红；feel blood rush/ rushing to one's face 感到脸阵阵发烫；an awkward silence令人尴尬的沉默；put sb on the spot使某人下不来台 句 子 ※So ashamed was she that she could feel the blood rush to her face. 她感到非常羞愧，都能觉得血液涌上脸颊。 ※Exposed to the truth，so firmly did embarrassment take hold of him that his palms were sweating and his knees got weak. 暴露在真相面前，他是如此地尴尬以至于手心出汗，膝盖发软。 ※Standing in the classroom，I became increasingly embarrassed and could feel my heart thumping wildly，my face burning badly. 站在教室里，我越来越尴尬，能听见自己心跳加速的声音，脸烧得厉害。 ※The moment I realized I had spinach stuck in my teeth during the entire meeting，I could feel my cheeks burning with embarrassment. 当我意识到整个会议期间菠菜都卡在我的牙缝里时，我感到尴尬得脸颊发烫。 2.写作战场输出 (1)利用修辞手法和高级句式并借助环境描写烘托人物尴尬与羞愧的心情。 ①“他又饿又穷，但他是个诚实的人。”她丈夫声音颤抖地说，涨红的脸上满是尴尬。(独立主格结构) “He was hungry and poor，but he was truly an honest man，”her husband said with a trembling voice，his red face filled with embarrassment． ②女人坐在那里，她羞愧得要死。(shame) The woman sat there ashamed，and she was struck dead with shame． ③她从椅子上站起来，犹豫了一会儿，想着如何掩饰内心的尴尬。(特殊疑问词＋动词不定式) She rose from her chair，and hesitated for a moment，wondering how to hide her inner embarrassment． ④她垂下眼睛，盯着自己的脚，希望没有人会注意到她有多尴尬。(宾语从句) She dropped her eyes and stared at her feet，hoping no one would notice how embarrassed she was． ⑤就像一个犯了错误的孩子，她甚至没有勇气直视丈夫的眼睛。(动词不定式作定语) Like a child who had made a mistake，she even had no courage to look into her husband's eyes． (2)将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。 “He was hungry and poor，but he was truly an honest man，”her husband said with a trembling voice，his red face filled with embarrassment.Hearing that，the woman sat there ashamed，and she was struck dead with shame.She rose from her chair，and hesitated for a moment，wondering how to hide her inner embarrassment.So she dropped her eyes and stared at her feet，hoping no one would notice how embarrassed she was.Like a child who had made a mistake，she even had no courage to look into her husband's eyes. 单元测评8　Unit 8　Green Living (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) A卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·山西省怀仁市教育局高三二调) Birds that dive underwater—such as penguins，gannets and pelicans—may be more likely to go extinct than their nondiving relatives，a new study reported in Proceedings of the Royal Society finds. Many waterbirds have evolved highly specialized bodies and behaviors that facilitate diving.Now，an analysis of the evolutionary history of more than 700 waterbird species shows that once a bird group gains the ability to dive，the change is irreversible，which could help explain why diving birds have a higher extinction rate compared with nondiving birds. “There are considerable morphological(形态学的)adaptations for diving，” says Catherine Sheard，an evolutionary biologist at the University of Bristol in England.For instance，gannets and some pelicans that dive into the water from the air have twists to the neck muscles and the bones in the chest.It's possible that some diving birds are evolving under an evolutionary “ratchet”， where adaptations to use a certain food source or habitat encourage specialized evolution.These birds may become trapped in their ways，increasing their risk of extinction. Evolutionary biologists Josh Tyler and Jane Younger investigated the evolution of diving in a collection of 727 waterbird species across 11 bird groups.They explored the link between diving and the development of new species，or their extinction，in various bird lineages(家族).Among 236 diving bird species，75，or 32 percent，were part of lineages that are experiencing 0.02 more species extinctions per million years than the generation of new species.Bird lineages that don't dive，on the other hand，generated 0.1 more new species per million years than the rate of species dying out. “The more specialized you become，the more reliant you are on a particular diet，foraging(觅食)strategy or environment，” says Tyler.“The range of environments available for foraging is much larger for the nondiving birds than for the specialist divers，and this may play into their ability to adapt and thrive.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，在水下潜水的鸟类可能比不潜水的鸟类更容易灭绝。 1．What does the underlined word “irreversible” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？(　　) A．Unexpected. B．Unchangeable. C．Unreal. D．Unwelcome. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。结合语境及画线词后“which could help explain why diving birds have a higher extinction rate compared with nondiving birds”可知，潜水鸟比非潜水鸟有更高的灭绝率，是因为潜水鸟一旦获得了潜水能力，这种变化是不可逆转的。故画线词irreversible意为“不可逆转的”。故选B项。 2．Why are “gannets and pelicans” mentioned in Paragraph 3？(　　) A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a concept. C．To give a definition. D．To explain a phenomenon. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“There are considerable morphological(形态学的)adaptations for diving”可知，潜水有相当大的形态学适应；根据“For instance，gannets and some pelicans...and the bones in the chest.”可知，塘鹅和一些鹈鹕从空中跳入水中时，颈部肌肉和胸部骨骼都有扭曲。由此可推知，第三段提及塘鹅和一些鹈鹕是呈现一个事实，证明上述观点。故选A项。 3．What do we know about Josh Tyler and Jane Younger's study？(　　) A．Biologists got the results by comparison. B．Data were collected by observing waterbirds. C．32 diving bird species went extinct during the process. D．The aim is to build connection between diving and nondiving birds. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“They explored the link...than the rate of species dying out.”可推知，生物学家是通过比较潜水鸟和非潜水鸟与新物种发展或灭绝之间的联系而得出研究结果的。故选A项。 4．Which of the following factors plays a role in nondiving birds' lower extinction rate？(　　) A．Wider habitat range. B．Quicker foraging speed. C．More food options. D．Stronger reproduction ability. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The range of environments...ability to adapt and thrive.”可知，不潜水的鸟类觅食环境更广泛，这有助于它们适应和茁壮成长的能力，因此更不容易灭绝。故选A项。 B (2023·河北省邯郸市高三一模) Bee protection is a big issue these days in America，with people planting native pollinator gardens，setting up bee houses，and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations.And this is for good reason—in North America，a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction.Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on. No Mow May，a movement that began in the UK，is now rapidly spreading throughout the US.Its popularity lies in its being simple：Just give bees a help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn grow for the month of May.This lets “lawn flowers” such as dandelions grow at a time when bee food is rare. Dandelions，despite being pretty and useful，are non-native.Then why do we promote a movement that encourages their growth? Here's the basic answer—don't let “perfect” be the enemy of “good”．Sure，it'd be great to turn your entire neighborhood into a bee kingdom of native plants，but that can take lots of time and money. While dandelions have become the poster child for No Mow May，other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn.“Besides dandelions，there are many other plants that are going to be there，” says Dr.Claudio Gratton at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. In Massachusetts，scientists found 63 species of plants in lawns，30 percent of which were native to the state.Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture，which allows no flowers.“No Mow May forces us to think about our relationship with nature.We should reflect on the way we have made nature suit our needs，and realize flowers play really important roles，” says Dr.Claudio Gratton. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“No Mow May”运动起源于英国，并在北美迅速扩展开来。通过这项活动，人们可以为草坪留下自由生长的花，以此让蜜蜂授粉。这一活动不仅有利于生态环境，而且可以让人反思自己与大自然的关系。 5．What is the background to No Mow May in the US？(　　) A．Native bee species are increasing. B．There is a tendency to protect bees. C．Bees mainly depend on garden plants. D．More people have no time to cut lawns. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“And this is for good reason...our ecosystems depend on.”可推知，美国“No Mow May”运动的背景是有一种保护蜜蜂的趋势。故选B项。 6．What do we know about the No Mow May？(　　) A．It needs almost no cost. B．Few Americans support it. C．It is aimed at growing dandelions. D．It appeals for careful attention to the lawns. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Its popularity lies in its being simple...when bee food is rare.”可推知，这项运动几乎不用任何费用。故选A项。 7．What does the underlined part “poster child” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(　　) A．Slight element. B．Rare exception. C．Typical example. D．Difficult problem. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn”可知，蒲公英是“No Mow May”运动扩展后常见的花，而这项运动也会让草坪上长出其他种类的花。即蒲公英是“No Mow May”运动的典型例子。故可推知，画线部分意为“典型例子”。故选C项。 8．Which of the following agrees with American lawn culture？(　　) A．A bee-friendly lawn. B．A regularly cut lawn. C．A lawn growing naturally. D．A lawn with native flowers. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“Its popularity lies in its being simple...letting your lawn grow for the month of May.”及最后一段的“Most of the Americans...which allows no flowers.”可推知，一块定期修剪的草坪才是符合美国草坪文化的。故选B项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题6分，共30分) (2023·重庆市高三三诊) Have you always dreamed of having a garden，but thought you didn't have enough space? 1( ) With a little planning and creativity，you can still make a beautiful garden from the small outdoor space.Here are a few tips that you can follow. Plan your layout(布局)carefully.2( ) Consider the overall arrangement of the space and create different zones for different purposes.You may want to make an outline or use a design tool to visualize your ideas.Or it's a good choice to search online for digital garden planners to help you design the layout. 3( ) If you have limited space，it's important to select plants that will grow well in your garden.Look for plants that are suited to the climate，soil type，and growing conditions.Or choose dense or small sizes of plants to maximize your space. Make use of vertical(垂直的)space.One of the best ways to make the most of your small garden is to use vertical gardening techniques.Vertical gardening is an excellent way to add more greenery to your small garden without taking up too much space.4( ) You can also use hanging baskets to add more greenery to your space. Include the eatable into your garden.Growing your own food is not only satisfying，but it can also save your money on groceries.Even if you only have a small garden，you can still consider growing a variety of fruits，vegetables，or herbs，which can be grown in containers or planting beds.5( ) With these tips in mind，you can create a beautiful and productive garden in even the smallest of spaces.Happy gardening! A．It's time to think again. B．Follow design principles. C．Choose appropriate plants. D．First of all，owning a garden matters. E．You can grow plants on walls or ladders. F．Before planting，think about how to use your garden. G．They can provide fresh and delicious produce throughout the season. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几条关于如何利用有限的空间设计花园的建议。 1．答案：A 解析：根据空前一句“Have you always dreamed of having a garden，but thought you didn't have enough space？”和空后的“With a little planning and creativity，you can still make a beautiful garden from the small outdoor space.Here are a few tips that you can follow.”可知，A项(是时候重新考虑了。)承上启下，引出下文建议。 2．答案：F 解析：根据本段中心句“Plan your layout(布局)carefully.”可知，本段建议仔细规划你的花园布局；根据空后一句“Consider the overall arrangement of the space and create different zones for different purposes.”可知，F项(在种植之前，考虑一下如何利用你的花园。)符合语境。 3．答案：C 解析：本空为段落中心句。根据空后“If you have limited space...to maximize your space.”可知，本段建议选择恰当的植物。C项(选择合适的植物。)符合语境。 4．答案：E 解析：空后一句“You can also use hanging baskets to add more greenery to your space.”介绍了垂直园艺的另一种具体方法。由also可知，E项(你可以在墙上或梯子上种植植物。)介绍了垂直园艺的一种方法，符合语境。 5．答案：G 解析：根据空前句“Even if you only have a small garden，you can still consider growing a variety of fruits，vegetables，or herbs，which can be grown in containers or planting beds.”可知，G项(它们可以在整个季节提供新鲜美味的农产品。)承接上文，介绍了种蔬菜、水果的好处，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题3分，共30分) (2023·山西省晋中市高三三模) Recently，residents in a youth apartment building in downtown Shenzhen have planted the seed，cultivating(形成) 1 unique city lifestyle.They can farm their own land，which can 2 (access) just an elevator ride away to the top of their building.There they can grow vegetables，while 3 (communicate) with other renters and taking in the skyline of the city. Huang Suyun，the founder of the youth apartment building，4 (see) positive changes in her own life since “farming” and other social activities were introduced to the rooftop of it.5 (additional)，the experience of tending the gardens allows her 6 (make) friends and get to know others who either live in the building or visit from outside. The rooftop heaven covers a total area of 450 square meters and consists 7 a sightseeing zone，a shaded leisure area as well as the urban farming section.“There's space to exercise，like doing yoga at the leisure zone，and then to walk over to check the vegetables，” says Xie Jing，an architect 8 undertook the project. An increasing number of urban 9 (resident) at home and abroad have started to seek a social life that promotes environmental 10 (protect) and personal health，which is good news for sustainability and community activity development，experts say. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了深圳市的一些年轻人通过在他们公寓楼顶的城市农场种植自己的蔬菜，形成了一种独特的城市生活方式，这种生活方式有利于社区活动的发展和环境保护。 1．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。空后名词lifestyle为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一种生活方式”，且unique以辅音音素开头，故本空应用不定冠词a。 2．答案：be accessed 解析：考查动词的语态。主语which指代名词land，与动词access之间为被动关系，且空前有情态动词can，故填be accessed。 3．答案：communicating 解析：考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作状语，动词communicate与句子主语they之间为主动关系，故本空应用动词-ing形式。故填communicating。 4．答案：has seen 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句应用现在完成时，主语为单数，故填has seen。 5．答案：Additionally 解析：考查词性转换。本空在句中作状语，应用副词形式。位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Additionally。 6．答案：to make 解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”，故本空应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to make。 7．答案：of 解析：考查介词。consist of意为“由……构成”，故本空应用介词of。 8．答案：who/that 解析：考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词Xie Jing，并在定语从句中作主语，指人，故应用关系代词who/that。 9．答案：residents 解析：考查名词的单复数。名词resident为可数名词，根据空前An increasing number of可知，本空应用名词的复数形式。故填residents。 10．答案：protection 解析：考查词性转换。根据空前形容词environmental可知，本空应用名词形式作宾语。故填protection。 B卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·山东省烟台市高三一模) While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every year，Japan doesn't rank at the top of the world's list of wasteful nations.Still，what's thrown away represents a serious problem for an island nation with limited landfill space and a goal of greater sustainability.Reinvention can offer an alternative.A Japanese company is taking vegetable peels，cooking oil and other used foodstuffs and making entirely different products. Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world，and its key element，cement，is a major polluter of greenhouse emissions.So what if a more sustainable alternative were possible by making cement with food waste，which also would help reduce greenhouse emissions from landfills where that waste would otherwise be thrown away? That's the idea behind Fabula，a Tokyo-based start-up. Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold(模具)at a high temperature.The company，founded by researchers at the University of Tokyo，began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food item can be used.It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement.The product's durability depends on the components. Fabula is currently producing made-to-order household items，such as coasters and dishes，while awaiting its patent.The goal is to make furniture and larger structures once the technology is able to make the cement more durable.Food production companies that can't avoid generating waste during their processes have reached out to work with the company.“We hope to become a matching service between companies that have food waste and companies who want to build things out of such materials，” said Takuma Oishi，Fabula's chief commercial officer. Since the cement is 100 percent eatable，it could create opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly.The people inside might even turn to them for food.If the technology advances enough，Oishi suggested，someday we may be able “to eat the homes or furniture when necessary”． 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了面对日本严重的食物垃圾问题，东京初创企业Fabula提出用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。 1．Which problem Japan faces is mentioned in Paragraph 1？(　　) A．Food waste. B．Garbage littering. C．Energy crisis. D．Environmental pollution. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“While it throws out about 90 pounds of food...and a goal of greater sustainability.”可知，第一段中提到了日本面临食物垃圾的问题。故选A项。 2．What's the initial thought of Fabula？(　　) A．Using food remains in recipes. B．Finding a cheaper alternative to landfills. C．Making a novel building material from leftovers. D．Cutting greenhouse gases by recycling home devices. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Fabula最初的想法是用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。故选C项。 3．What's Paragraph 3 mainly about？(　　) A．The diversity of food sources. B．The prospects of the company. C．The innovation of a traditional cuisine. D．The process of developing food concrete. 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段的“Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold(模具)at a high temperature.”和“began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food item can be used”及“It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement”可知，第三段主要介绍了研制食品混凝土的过程。故选D项。 4．How is food concrete different from common construction materials？(　　) A．It can fill stomachs. B．It's solid and lasting. C．It can prevent disasters. D．It's delicate but cost-free. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Since the cement is 100 percent eatable，it could create opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly.”可知，食品混凝土与普通建筑材料的不同之处是它能填饱肚子。故选A项。 B (2023·如皋市高三适应性考试二) A worrying rise in social media posts，suggesting that people leave their Halloween pumpkins in the woods to feed wildlife after October 31，has made wildlife experts concerned.Thousands of pumpkins are discarded in woods across Britain.While well-meaning pumpkin carvers might think they are doing the local animals groups a kindness，leaving your leftover jack-o'-lantern in the woodland is actually doing more harm than good. “A myth seems to have built up that leaving pumpkins in woods helps wildlife，but behind it are many hidden issues，” said Paul Bunton，engagement and communication officer at The Woodland Trust，according to The Telegraph. One of the main issues is that the leftover of the Halloween pumpkins are often eaten by already struggling hedgehogs(刺猬).In early November，hedgehogs are looking to gain as much weight as possible to survive their winter hibernation.However，eating pumpkin is harmful to their little hedgehog stomachs，leading to diarrhea and dehydration.This means they may struggle to put on weight，and in some cases can even be fatal. Moreover，leftover Halloween pumpkins can contain candles and plastic decorations which can also be fatal to wildlife if mistakenly eaten.The rotting leftover can also attract less popular wildlife，such as rats，to an area.According to The Woodland Trust，the additional nutrients in the pumpkins can negatively affect the soil balance as well.“Pumpkin flesh can have a really harmful effect on woodland soils，plants，and fungi(真菌)，” Bunton pointed out. So what should you do with your beautifully carved pumpkin creation after October 31? Most experts recommend composting(堆肥)it yourself at home if you can，or asking if a local farm will accept it as a donation.You could even try some scientific experiments to produce more energy from the throw-away wasted.Either way，the hedgehogs will thank you. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论了万圣节后剩下的南瓜丢弃到树林里所产生的不良影响，建议人们不要把南瓜丢弃到树林里。 5．What does the underlined word “discarded” mean in Paragraph 1？(　　) A．Processed. B．Recycled. C．Deserted. D．Preserved. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前“A worrying rise in social media posts，suggesting that people leave their Halloween pumpkins in the woods to feed wildlife after October 31，has made wildlife experts concerned.”可知，有很多万圣节南瓜被丢弃在了树林里，故画线词discarded意为“丢弃”。故选C项。 6．Why do hedgehogs try to eat so many pumpkins in early November？(　　) A．To enjoy the sweet food. B．To fill their stomachs. C．To prepare for the winter. D．To improve their health. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“One of the main issues is that...survive their winter hibernation.”可知，刺猬在11月初吃那么多南瓜是为冬天做准备。故选C项。 7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？(　　) A．The additional nutrients in the leftover pumpkins. B．The damages of candles and plastic in the pumpkins. C．The attraction of the rotting leftovers to some wildlife. D．Further explanation of the effect of leftover pumpkins. 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段主要对剩余南瓜的不良影响作进一步解释。故选D项。 8．What are people advised to do with the leftover pumpkins after Halloween？(　　) A．Stop leaving your pumpkins in the woods. B．Keep your beautiful pumpkin creations at home. C．Feed the hedgehogs with the leftover pumpkins. D．Bury the pumpkins leftover deep under the ground. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“While well-meaning pumpkin carvers...actually doing more harm than good.”和最后一段内容可推知，本文建议人们不要把万圣节后剩下的南瓜丢弃到树林里。故选A项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题2分，共30分) (2023·牡丹江市第三高级中学高三三模) About a month ago I noticed something amazing，which I must call a garden miracle.It so happened that when I 1 the double doors of a small storage area in the back of my house where I 2 my garden supplies during the long，severe New England winter，I found，in one of the dirt-filled pots，a living，growing plant，topped with two of the most unlikely pink 3 you've ever seen. How was this 4 ？ The unheated space had been closed all winter，and it was still cold outside.Once I caught my breath，I 5 and discovered something approaching a reasonable explanation—there was a small glass window at the top of the double doors，and it was possible that a ray of sun fell directly on that pot，giving the plant just enough light and warmth to 6 it to grow in its own personal greenhouse. I can't help feeling 7 at the lessons this wonderful plant has to teach. For one thing，I am moved by the happenstance(巧合)of the whole thing.If I had 8 my pot six inches to the left or right of that spot，the plant might not have gotten that 9 ray of light.If I had 10 the roots of the plant in late fall，there would have been nothing but dirt in that pot. But there's something else that 11 me about this—just how little light and 12 it took for this plant to grow and flower.I'm not 13 we should be mean with love and kindness and all the other warming things we 14 for others and for ourselves.But isn't it comforting to think that just a drop of 15 can brighten a day，a place，a life? When it comes to positivity，a little goes a long way.Just ask my little miracle plant. 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。冬天的一缕阳光从作者家储藏室门上的小窗户照射进来，照在一个花盆上，慢慢地花盆里面长出了一株植物，开出了几朵鲜花。作者从这个小小的植物身上体会到了积极向上的力量，认为微小的光线和关爱都能让人们感到温暖和快乐。 1．(　　)A．approached　　　　 B．shut C．opened D．knocked 答案：C 解析：根据空后“the double doors of a small storage area in the back of my house”可知，作者是打开(opened)储物间的双扇门后发现了正在生长的植物。 2．(　　)A．need B．provide C．receive D．keep 答案：D 解析：根据空后“my garden supplies during the long，severe New England winter”可知，在新英格兰漫长而严酷的冬天，小储藏区是作者用来存放(keep)园艺用品的。 3．(　　)A．sticks B．branches C．roots D．flowers 答案：D 解析：根据后文“how little light and it took for this plant to grow and flower”可知，植物开出粉红色花朵(flowers)。 4．(　　)A．essential B．possible C．significant D．different 答案：B 解析：根据后文“The unheated space had been closed all winter，and it was still cold outside.”可知，作者认为在寒冷的冬天，这种植物怎么可能(possible)开花。 5．(　　)A．stepped aside B．stepped away C．looked down D．looked around 答案：D 解析：根据后文“there was a small glass window at the top of the double doors”可知，作者环顾四周(looked around)，发现了门顶有个小玻璃窗。 6．(　　)A．request B．enable C．instruct D．intend 答案：B 解析：根据后文“it to grow in its own personal greenhouse”可知，足够的光和温暖，使植物能够(enable)在自己的温室里生长。 7．(　　)A．excited B．puzzled C．amazed D．amused 答案：C 解析：根据空后“the lessons this wonderful plant has to teach”可知，作者不禁对这种奇妙的植物所传授的道理感到惊讶(amazed)。 8．(　　)A．put B．found C．measured D．missed 答案：A 解析：根据空后“my pot six inches to the left or right of that spot”可知，如果作者把花盆放置(put)在那个地方的左边或右边6英寸的地方，植物可能就得不到那条狭窄的光线了。 9．(　　)A．broad B．soft C．strong D．narrow 答案：D 解析：根据前文“and it was possible that a ray of sun fell directly on that pot”和“If I had my pot six inches to the left or right of that spot”可知，那条狭窄的(narrow)光线照射到植物上。 10．(　　)A．pulled out B．cared for C．thought about D．brought in 答案：A 解析：根据空后“there would have been nothing but dirt in that pot”可知，如果拔出(pulled out)植物的根，花盆里就只剩下泥土了。 11．(　　)A．requires B．cheers C．inspires D．changes 答案：C 解析：根据空后“just how little light and it took for this plant to grow and flower”可知，还有其他一些东西启发(inspires)了作者。 12．(　　)A．attention B．warmth C．time D．effort 答案：B 解析：根据前文“and it was possible that a ray of sun fell directly on that pot，giving the plant just enough light and warmth”可知，这种植物生长和开花所需要的光线和温暖(warmth)是如此之少。 13．(　　)A．expecting B．imagining C．doubting D．saying 答案：D 解析：根据后文“we should be mean with love and kindness and all the other warming things we for others and for ourselves”可知，作者并不是说(saying)我们应该吝啬我们为他人和自己所做的爱、善良和所有其他温暖的事情。 14．(　　)A．experience B．do C．accept D．remember 答案：B 解析：参见上题解析。 15．(　　)A．water B．encouragement C．sunshine D．support 答案：C 解析：根据前文“just how little light and it took for this plant to grow and flower”可知，一缕阳光(sunshine)，就可以让人一天心花怒放，就可以维持生命的存在。 Ⅲ.应用文写作(共30分) (2023·湖南省部分学校高三4月模拟) 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim最近因为在人际交往中不好意思拒绝别人而感到烦恼，他发来邮件向你求助。请你给他回一封邮件提供建议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Jim， Yours， Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Jim， I am awfully sorry for your trouble.But the situation can be improved if you take up the following suggestions. First，it is important to change your attitude.You feel embarrassed at saying no because you always think the negative effects of doing this are serious.For example，you might be afraid that the person would hate you because of this.But，in fact，things aren't that bad.Then，communication skills are very important.When saying no to others，you can show your attitude politely and explain the reasons.It would be better if you could show consideration for others.The person will understand you in most cases. I hope my suggestions will be helpful for you. Yours， Li Hua 学生用书↓第105页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$