Unit 4 Information Technology（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（北师大版2019）

学应用文写作思路·背精彩范文(体裁：发言稿　话题：聪明的在线学习者) 典例呈现 (2021·全国乙卷)你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括： 1.分析优势与不足；2.提出学习建议。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.题目和首句已为你写好。 精彩范文在线 词汇学习记忆 Be smart online learners Network learning has increasingly become an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems.But being smart online learners has its advantages and disadvantages. First of all，as smart online learners，we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizon.Besides，We can take the initiative in our study by ourselves without time and space limit. Of course，these disadvantages are as follows.Faced with all kinds of information on the Internet，We can't tell the difference between the true and the false，which may be harmful to our study and life.On the other hand，online learning itself has some imperfections，making it difficult for us not to be affected. In conclusion，we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient. ①means n．方式，方法 ②acquire vt.获得，得到 ③make full use of充分利用 ④extensive adj.广泛的 ⑤broaden the horizon 开拓视野 ⑥take the initiative 采取主动 ⑦tell the difference between...and...分辨……和…… ⑧imperfection n．不完美，瑕疵 ⑨efficient adj.有效率的，高效的 句型迁移运用 ①But being smart online learners has its advantages and disadvantages.(动词-ing形式短语作主语) 【仿写】 学习一门外语可以开拓我们的视野。 Learning a foreign language can broaden our horizons. ②On the other hand，online learning itself has some imperfections，making it difficult for us not to be affected.(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语) 【仿写】 狗叫的太大声，把整个邻里都吵醒了。 The dog barked loudly，waking up the whole neighborhood． 学生用书↓第382页 一、重点单词分类——夯基础 核心单词 1．impact n. 影响；作用 2．personality n. 个性，性格 3．alarm n. 闹钟 4．image n. 图像；形象 5．sex/gender n. 性别 6．blog n. 博客；网络日志 vt. 发表博客 7．hairstyle n. 发型，发式 8．nowadays adv. 现今，现时 9．virtual adj. 虚拟的；模拟的 10．latest adj. 最新的；最近的 11．account n. 账户 12．software n. 计算机软件 13．device n. 设置，装置 14．ensure vt. 确保，保证 15．material n. 材料；素材 16．button n. 按钮 17．goods n. 商品 18．favour n. 恩惠；善意的行为 19．error n. 错误；失误 20．replace vt. 取代；接替 21．hug n．&vt. 拥抱；紧抱 22．content n. 内容 23．shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的 24．percent n. 百分比；百分数 25．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 26．focus vi. 给予某物关注 n. 焦点 27．maintain vt. 保持；维持 28．smartphone n. 智能手机 29．tablet n. 平板电脑；药片；碑，牌 30．authority n. 权威人士；专家 31．fantasy n. 幻想作品 32．series n. 系列 33．author n. 作者，作家 34．policy n. 政策，方针 拓展单词 1.enable vt.使可能，使发生→able adj.有能力的；(某方面)擅长的→ability n．能力；才能 2．convenience n．方便，便利→convenient adj.方便的，便利的→inconvenient adj.不方便的；麻烦的 3．effect n．效应；影响→effective adj.有效的；实际的；生效的，起作用的 4．addicted adj.对……着迷的；沉迷的→addict n．对……入迷的人；瘾君子→addictive adj.(药物等)使人上瘾的；使人入迷的→addiction n．瘾；入迷；嗜好 5．download vt.下载→upload vt.上传→unload vt.卸载；卸下 6．recommendation n．建议，提议；推荐→recommend vt.推荐；劝告，建议 7．explore vt.探究；探讨；探险→exploration n．探测；探索→explorer n．探险家；勘探者 8．admit vi.&vt.承认→admission n．承认，招认；(机构、组织等的)准许加入；入场费，门票费 9．trick vt.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗→tricky adj.狡猾的，诡计多端的；难办的，难对付的 10．identity n．身份；特征→identify vt.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份→identification n．鉴定；辨认；确认；身份证明 11．variety n．多样化，变化→vary vi.变化；(大小、形状等)相异，不同→various adj.各种各样的，各种不同的 12．sensible adj.朴素实用的；明智的，合理的→sense n．感觉官能；(对重大事情的)感觉，意识；理解力，判断力 vt.感觉到；意识到；觉察出 13．creativity n．创造力；独创性→create vt.创造→creative adj.创造性的→creator n．创造者，创作者→creation n．创造，产物 学生用书↓第383页 14.obviously adv.显而易见地，明显地→obvious adj.明显的，显然的 15．experiment vi.&vt.做实验，进行试验 n．实验→experimental adj.实验性的；试验性的 16．selection n．供选择的同类物品；选择→select vt.挑选，选择→selective adj.选择性的；有选择的；认真挑选的 17．type vi.&vt.打；打字 n．类型，种类→typist n．打字员→typical adj.典型的，一贯的，特有的→typically adv.一般，通常 18．concern n．担忧，忧虑 vt.与……有关；使担心→concerned adj.关切的，关心的；焦急的，担忧的→concerning prep.关于；涉及 19．accommodation n．住处→accommodate vt.为(某人)提供住宿(或膳宿、座位等)；容纳→accommodating adj.(指人)随和的，乐于助人的 20.subscribe vi.订阅，订购→subscriber n．(报刊的)订阅人，订购者，订户→subscription n．订阅，订购；(报刊等的)订阅费，订购款 21．powerful adj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的→power n．力量；权力；电力供应 vt.驱动，推动(机器或车辆)→powerfully adv.有力地；强大地；强烈地 22．reality n．现实；真实→realize v．实现；意识到；领悟→realistic adj.现实的；逼真的 23．press vt.按→pressure n．压力 24．confirm vt.确认；证实→confirmation n．证实，证明 25．deliver vi.&vt.递送；传送→delivery n．传送，递送；交付；分娩；演讲方式 26．harm vt.&n.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的，导致损害的→harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的 27．argument n．论点；论据→argue vt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论 28．concentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力→concentrated adj.集中的；全神贯注的；浓缩的→concentration n．集中；专心；浓度 29．rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的→reward n．奖励；回报；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给……以报酬 30．addition n．增添；添加→add vt.加；增加，补充说；增添→additional adj.附加的，额外的→additionally adv.此外 31．basis n．基础；基点→base vt.以……为基础 n．根基，基底；基地；(支持、收入、力量等的)来源，源泉，基础→basic adj.基本的，基础的→basically adv.基本上，从根本上说 32．limiting adj.局限的，限制性的→limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度→limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的 33．brief adj.简洁的，简明的→briefly adv.短暂地 34．location n．位置；地点→locate vt.找出……的准确位置；确定……的准确地点；把……安置在(或建造于)→located adj.位于；坐落在 35．optional adj.可选择的；非强制的→option n．选择，可选择的东西 36．imaginary adj.想象的，虚构的→imagine vt.想象→imagination n．想象，想象力→imaginative adj.富于想象力的；创新的 37．amazing adj.了不起的；惊人的→amaze vt.使吃惊→amazed adj.吃惊的；惊讶的→amazement n．惊奇，诧异→amazingly adv.惊人地；令人惊讶地 38．privacy n．隐私→private adj.个人的，私人的；秘密的，隐私的；私营的 39．digitise vt.把……转变成数字形式，使……数字化→digital adj.数字的；数码的 40．sailor n．水手，海员→sail vi.&vt.(乘船)航行→sailing n．帆船运动；(乘帆船的)航行；(轮船的)航班 41．accessible adj.易懂的；易得到的→access n．接触的机会；接近；通路vt.进入；存取(尤指电脑数据) 学生用书↓第384页 阅读单词 1．app n. 应用程序 2．self-focused adj. 以自我为中心的；关注自我的 3．indeed adv. 确实；当然 4．super adj. 极好的，了不起的 5．avatar n. (网络上代表个人的)头像，虚拟替身，图标 6．fancy adj. 花哨的；别致的 7．2D (2-dimensional) adj. 二维的 8．trivial adj. 没有什么价值的；微不足道的 9．emoji n. 表情符号 10．thought-provoking adj. 发人深省的，令人深思的 11．profile n. 人物简介；传略 12．wristband n. 腕带 二、必备短语分组——抓落实 汉译英 1．be addicted to 沉迷 2．a variety of 各种各样的 3．look forward to 期待，期盼 4．be/become afraid of 害怕…… 5．set up 建立，创建 6．instead of 代替；而不是 7．be concerned with 关心…… 8．in addition 除此之外 9．focus on 关注 10．point out 指出 英译汉　　　　　　　　　　　　　 11．in the field of 在……领域 12．more or less 或多或少；大概 13．on the basis of 在……的基础上 14．stay in touch with 和……保持联系 15．be/become obsessed with... 痴迷于…… 16．in sb's free time 在某人的空余时间 17．have a lot in common 有许多共同之处 18．instant messenger 即时通讯 19．mobile device 移动设备 三、经典句式默背——积佳句 句型公式 1.so...that...句型 Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. 一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费了太多时间，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人见面。 2．while引导让步状语从句 While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships. 虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。 3．it作形式宾语 According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. 根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。 4．强调句型 It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships. 正是这些技能使我们能够发展终生的友谊。 5．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing. 无论你在哪里或正在做什么，你都可以与朋友保持联系。 单元美句 Walking into the China Pavilion at Expo 2010 in Shanghai, people were amazed by the sight of a huge digital painting. 走进2010年上海世博会中国馆，人们对一幅巨大的数字绘画感到惊叹。 学生用书↓第46页 (限时20分钟，满分50分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每空1分，共10分) 1．The number of readers of all ages enjoying digital books continues to grow，and many new readers download (下载) e-books every day. 2．During the National Day，local and short trips to red tourism sites are the choices of about 32 percent (百分比) of tourists. 3．Any advertisement for baby dairy products，drinks or food claiming that it can replace (取代) breast milk is prohibited. 4．If I had the chance，I would hug (拥抱) her warmly and tell her: “You are doing great.Thank you for working so hard.” 5．In any unsafe situation，simply press the button (按钮) and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. 6．As soon as we arrived on the island，we were eager to explore (探险) the beautiful place on our own. 7．As trains become faster and more intelligent，their software (计算机软件) and hardware systems will become more complex. 8．We look forward to helping you create a memorable and rewarding (有益的) event experience. 9．My parents helped me open a bank account (账户) when I got my first job. 10．The researchers conducted an experiment (实验) to study the impact of social media on mental health. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．If you are interested，please send an application email at your earliest convenience (convenient). 2. Effective (effect) measures have been taken to ensure the stable economic growth in the fourth quarter. 3．Bank customers can access their checking accounts instantly (instant) through the electronic system. 4．The new law，which is designed to protect people's privacy (private)，will come into force on January 1st. 5．The job is tiring but rewarding (reward) because I can help many people in need. 6．The gap between the imaginary (imagine) life and the real world can bring feelings of depression，shame，and problems with attention. 7．I know that if I start watching a soap opera I immediately become hopelessly addicted (addict) to it. 8．It's amazing (amaze) that a few individuals can make such an enormous difference. 9．We should develop the advanced socialist culture，and promote the creative (create) transformation and development of the fine traditional Chinese culture. 10．While I have only listed two of each，there are obviously (obvious) many other situations that can arise. Ⅲ.短语填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) instead of，in addition，be addicted to，a variety of，be concerned with，look forward to，on the basis of，set up，point out，in the field of 1．Our country has made great advances in the field of environmental protection，making our environment better and better. 学生用书↓第47页 2．Thank you for pointing out my mistakes in the paper or I will have no chance to correct them. 3. Instead of being the selfish teenager he used to be，he has begun to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility. 4．Ten years ago，he resigned from a company in Beijing and went to Shenzhen to set up his own company. 5．The company provides cheap Internet access.In addition，it makes shareware freely available. 6．My mom is concerned with the health of everyone in our family. 7．Differences and problems among countries need to be handled through dialogue and cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual respect. 8. The hotel provides a variety of room types，so guests can choose the one that best suits their needs and preferences. 9. She admits that she is addicted to chocolate and can't resist eating it. 10. We really look forward to meeting you in person and discussing our project further. Ⅳ.经典句式仿写(每小题2分，共10分) 1．每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。(so...that...) Keeping a learning diary every day is so important that I would like to introduce it to you． 2．坏天气使得搜寻失踪男孩更加困难。(it作形式宾语) The bad weather made it more difficult to search the lost boy. 3．那个小女孩就是在这条大街上失踪的。(强调句型) It was in the street that the little girl was missing. 4．不管你在哪里工作，都要尽你的责任。(no matter＋疑问词) No matter where you work，you should do your duty. 5. 了解不同文化是很有趣的。(it作形式主语) It is interesting to learn about different cultures. Part 1　核心词汇·多维练透 enable vt.使可能，使发生[派生词：①able adj.有能力的；(某方面)擅长的　②ability n．能力；才能] (1)enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事 (2)be able to do sth 能够做某事，有能 力做某事 (3)have an ability to do sth 有做某事的能力　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之科技进步 ①The new technology enables the company's products to have (have) greater price advantages over its rivals. ②With the right tools and knowledge，she was able to fix (fix) her car engine on her own. ③(2022·全国乙卷)With their ability (able) to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. ④(2021·天津卷)语音识别使他们能够理解一个人在说什么，而自然语言处理则用于做出回应。 Speech recognition enables them to understand what a person is saying，and natural language processing is used to work out a response. 学生用书↓第48页 [真题衔接] ⑤(2023·全国 乙卷)这个位置使我们能够以日落为背景俯瞰湖面。 The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. effect n．效应；影响(派生词：effective adj.有效的) (1)have an effect on/upon... 对……有影响 (2)bring/put...into effect 使生效；实行，实施 (3)come into effect 生效，开始实施 (4)in effect 有效；在实施中；实际上　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之茶文化 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on/upon Jaramillo's special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues. ②Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective (effect) at getting grizzlies away. ③Since the new management system was put into effect，the production of this factory has increased greatly. ④我介绍了制茶的历史，这对帮助他们更好地理解我们的饮茶文化有很大的影响。 I introduced the history of tea-making，which has a great effect on/upon them to help better understand our tea-drinking culture. [名师点津] 表示“实际上”的表达还有：in fact，in reality，in practice，as a matter of fact等。 [中国元素] During his lifetime，Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems，all of which have a great effect on Chinese culture.李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。 admit vi.&vt.承认(派生词：admission n．承认；入场费；进入许可；录用) (1)admit sb/sth to be... 承认某人/某事是…… admit doing/having done sth 承认做了某事 admit to sb that... 向某人承认…… (2)be admitted to/into...被……接收(入学、入院等)；被准许进入……　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之悔恨 ①The boy apologized to me and admitted breaking/having broken (break) the window by accident. ②Though I don't agree with him，I have to admit him to be (be) a clever person. ③The boy admitted to his mother that it was he that had broken the glass. ④To gain admission (admit) into universities，you must take the College Entrance Exam given once a year. ⑤Sarah was admitted (admit) into Harvard University in 1998，fulfilling her lifelong dream of attending an Ivy League school. ⑥直到我失去了进入梦想的大学的机会，我才意识到珍惜青春的重要性。 It was not until I lost the opportunity to be admitted to/into my dreaming university that I realized the importance of treasuring youth. [名师点津] 常跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，advise，allow，appreciate，avoid，consider，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mind，permit，practice，resist，risk，stand，suggest等。 [真题衔接] ⑦(2021·全国乙卷)我不得不承认，经常搬家让我感到孤独。 I had to admit that moving so often made me feel lonely. 学生用书↓第49页 trick vt.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗(派生词：tricky adj.难对付的；狡猾的，诡计多端的) (1)trick sb into doing sth 用计谋引诱某人做某事，哄骗某人做某事 trick sb out of sth 骗走某人某物，诈骗某人某物 (2)play a trick/tricks on sb 捉弄某人，对某人恶作剧 do the trick 奏效　　 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①If the neighbors do not give any sweets，the children might play a trick on them. ②Dean tricked the old lady into giving him eight hundred pounds，claiming that he would invest it for her. ③The old man was tricked (trick) out of all his life savings yesterday. ④I'm in a bit of a tricky (trick) situation really—whatever I do I'll offend someone. ⑤The young man cried sadly because his partner tricked him out of all his money. →Tricked out of all his money，the young man cried sadly.(过去分词短语作状语) [中国元素] Chinese calligraphy requires precise brushwork and stroke order tricks to create beautifully written characters.中国书法需要精确的笔法和笔画顺序技巧来创造优美的文字。 concern n．担忧，忧虑；vt.与……有关；使担心(派生词：①concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；关注的，关切的；有关的，有牵连的　②concerning prep.关于；有关) (1)show/express one's concern about/for... 对……表示关心 (2)be concerned about/for... 担心…… be concerned with... 关心……；与……有关 as far as I'm concerned 就我而言，依我看　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之传统节日 ①You should not ask the questions which are concerned with personal problems. ②A number of parents have showed concern about/for their children's safety. ③He asked several questions concerning (concern) the future of the company. ④依我看，中国的传统节日，如春节和中秋节，不仅是庆祝活动，也是纪念祖先和弘扬文化传统的机会。 As far as I'm concerned，traditional Chinese festivals，like the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival，are not only celebrations but also opportunities to honor ancestors and carry forward cultural traditions. [名师点津] concerned用作前置定语时，意为“焦急的，担忧的”；用作后置定语时，意为“有关的，有牵连的”。 [中国元素] Scholars and historians express their concern about the loss of traditional Chinese dialects and languages，advocating for their preservation and documentation.学者和历史学家对中国传统方言和语言的流失表示担忧，主张对其进行保存和记录。 view vt.看，把……视为 (1)in view of 鉴于，考虑到 in sb's view 在某人看来，某人认为 come into view 呈现眼前；进入眼帘 on view 在展出；陈列着；展览着 (2)view...as... 视……为……　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之劳动 ①In my view，traveling is the best way to broaden one's horizons and gain new perspectives. ②As we turned the corner，a beautiful garden with blooming flowers came into view. ③The latest art exhibits are on view at the museum until the end of the month. 学生用书↓第50页 ④In many cultures，the color red is viewed as a symbol of luck and good fortune. ⑤鉴于劳动对学生的许多好处，我建议我们应该定期参加广泛的劳动，以便我们能够变得全面。 In view of many benefits of labor to students，I suggest that we should regularly take part in a wide range of labor so that we can become well-rounded. [名师点津] view还可用作名词，意为“看法；视线；景色”。 [真题衔接] ⑥(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)从21世纪的角度来看，印刷书籍当然是古老的，但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。 From a 21st-century point of view，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. favour n．恩惠；善意的行为(派生词：①favourite adj.最喜爱的n.最喜爱的人或物　②favourable adj.赞成的；有利的；给人好印象的) (1)ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙 do sb a favour＝give sb a hand 帮某人忙 (2)in favour of 同意；支持；赞成 in one's favour 有利于某人；对……有利　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之求助信 ①I voted in favour of the new school policy because I believe it will benefit students in the long run. ②As for my favourite (favour) figure in Chinese history，it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. ③He tried his best to make a favourable (favour) impression on her parents. ④The weather conditions during the race were in our favour，allowing us to set a new record time. ⑤(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)我写信真诚地请求您能在根据教科书改编剧本方面给予帮助。 I am writing in sincerity to ask you a favour/ask a favour of you regarding a play we adapted according to the textbook. [真题衔接] ⑥(2020·天津卷)请美国的总统帮个忙可不是一件轻松的事，尤其是对一个17岁的女孩来说。 Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter，especially for a seventeen-year-old girl. deliver vi.&vt.递送；传送(派生词：delivery n．传送，递送；分娩；演讲方式；表演风格) (1)deliver...to... 把……递送给…… (2)deliver v. 接生；分娩，生(小孩儿) deliver a baby 接生婴儿 be delivered of a baby 分娩，生孩子 (3)deliver a letter/message/news/lecture/speech 投递信件/传递消息/播送新闻/做讲座/发表讲话　　单句语法填空/读后续写之紧张 ①Will you take the goods with you or shall we deliver them to your house? ②To her husband's joy，she was delivered of a healthy baby in the hospital last night. ③(2020·天津卷)Once the book you've requested is delivered (deliver) to the nearest branch，they will inform you by e-mail，so you can pick it up. 学生用书↓第51页 ④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The son of a grocer，he'd spent the summers of his childhood delivering (deliver) food in Bernardsville，New Jersey. ⑤The pizza restaurant is known for its fast and reliable delivery (deliver) service，ensuring hot and fresh pizzas at your doorstep. ⑥With a pounding heart，he stepped onto the stage and began to deliver his speech． 心脏怦怦直跳，他走上舞台，开始发表他的讲话。 [真题衔接] ⑦(2021·天津卷)大家晚上好，金教授马上要发表演讲，但(开始之前)让我先介绍一下他。 Good evening，everybody.Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment，but let me introduce him first. harm vt.&n.伤害，损害(派生词：①harmful adj.有害的，导致损害的　②harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的) (1)do...harm/do harm to... 对……有害 There is no harm in doing sth 做某事无害处；不妨做某事 (2)be harmful to... 对……有害处　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之环保 ①(2021·北京卷)Some experts say that music can be harmful (harm) if it is too loud. ②There is no harm in saying (say) sorry to your friend first if you two have quarreled. ③Excessive exposure to sunlight can do harm to your skin and increase the risk of skin cancer. ④(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I told him how harmful plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 我告诉他塑料对环境会多么危害，并要求他考虑使用更多环保的选择。 [中国元素] In traditional Chinese culture，there is an emphasis on protecting the natural environment and avoiding doing harm to nature.在中国传统文化中，强调要保护自然环境，避免对大自然造成伤害。 argument n．论点；论据(派生词：argue vi.争吵，争辩，争论vt.说理，论证) (1)It is beyond argument that... 无可争辩的是……，毋庸置疑…… (2)argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事 argue for... 支持……，赞同…… argue against... 反驳……；否认……　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之健康生活 ①It's no use arguing with him about the question for he won't change his opinion. ②The local people strongly argued against the construction of a new chemical factory，emphasizing the environmental damage it would cause. ③We need to provide a convincing argument (argue) as to why the system should be changed. ④(2021·北京卷)The mental health benefits from music can't be argued (argue). ⑤毋庸置疑，锻炼和均衡饮食对于保持良好的健康至关重要。 It is beyond argument that exercise and a balanced diet are key to maintaining good health. 学生用书↓第52页 replace vt.取代；接替(派生词：replacement n．替换，更换；替代品，替换物) (1)replace sb/sth＝take the place of sb/sth＝take one's/sth's place 取代某人/某物 (2)replace...with/by... 用……代替…… (3)replace sb as... 取代某人成为……　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之个人观点 ①Despite the fast development of AI technology，teachers will never be replaced (replace) by computers in the classroom. ②It's a bad idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks. ③He will replace his father as the general manager of the company next year. ④Even if they would love to remove me from the team，they could not because there was no replacement (replace) good enough. ⑤我个人认为商店购物将会与网络购物并存，但绝不会被取代。 Personally，I think store shopping will exist along with Internet shopping but will never be replaced． addition n．增添；添加(派生词：additional adj.附加的；额外的) (1)in addition to＝as well as/besides 除……之外(还) (2)in addition 另外，除此之外(在句中作状语)　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之个人爱好 ① In addition to her full-time job，Sarah volunteers at a local animal shelter on the weekends. ②Bicycling is good for your health；in addition，it does not pollute the air. ③The team worked late into the night to complete the project，putting in additional (addition) hours to ensure its success. ④除了喜欢听音乐以外，他还喜欢看电影。 In addition to listening to music，he also likes to watch movies. [中国元素] In addition to Confucianism，Taoism and Buddhism have also greatly influenced Chinese culture.除了儒家思想之外，道教和佛教也对中国的文化产生了很大影响。 content n．内容 vt.使满意，使满足 adj.满意的，满足的[派生词：contented adj.(常用于名词前) 满意的；满足的] (1)to one's heart's content 尽情地，心满意足地 (2)content oneself with sth 满足于……；对……感到满意 (3)be content with sth 对某事满意/满足 be content to do sth 满足于做某事；乐意做某事　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之新闻报道 ①My parents are content to live (live) in the country，where the air is fresh and clean. ②We should never content ourselves with the knowledge learned from the books. ③She is not content with her present life and wishes to take steps to improve it. ④She had a contented (content) life until a terrible event occurred which changed her life. ⑤在露营地，我们围着篝火尽情地唱歌跳舞，完全沉浸在欢乐的气氛中。 At the campsite，we sang and danced to our heart's content around bonfires，fully immersing ourselves in the joyful atmosphere. 学生用书↓第53页 [中国元素] The content of traditional Chinese paintings often includes landscapes，flowers，birds，and human figures，portraying the harmony between humans and nature.中国传统绘画的内容往往包括山水、花鸟和人物，描绘了人与自然的和谐。 focus vi.给予某物关注；n.焦点(派生词：focused adj.注意力集中的；目标明确的) (1)focus on 关注，集中(注意力)于……，聚焦于…… focus one's attention/mind on... 集中某人注意力/心思于…… (2)bring...into focus 使……成为焦点　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之学习 ①(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Too often，when you stand up to give a speech，you focus on the “public”at the expense of the “speaking”． ②With so many people focusing (focus) their eyes on him，he felt very nervous. ③The incident that happened yesterday has brought the safety of students into focus. ④In order to achieve success，it's important to stay focused (focus) and avoid getting sidetracked. ⑤外面很吵，所以他无法集中注意力学习。 It was very noisy outside so he couldn't focus his attention on study. [真题衔接] ⑥(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)我们看到孩子们在家或在学校学习阅读的场景，书是代际关系的焦点。 We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Part 2　经典句式·写作迁移 so/such...that...句型 so/such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，其中so为副词，such为形容词；that为连词，引导结果状语从句。 (1)so...that...引导的结果状语从句： (2)such...that...引导的结果状语从句： 　　 [教材原句]　Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world.一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费了太多时间，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人见面。 [写作迁移]——微写作/句式升级 ①在我们回家的路上，雨下得太大了，我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。 On our way to the house，it was raining so hard/heavy that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. ②从图中可以看出，一个男孩背负着如此沉重的家庭作业，似乎再也无法承受了。 As can be seen from the picture，a boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more. ③There are so many interesting books that I don't know which to choose. →So many interesting books are there that I don't know which to choose.(将so置于句首) 学生用书↓第54页 Part 3　知识拾遗·查缺补漏 Ⅰ.单元词汇拾遗 1．creativity n．创造力；独创性→create vt.创造→creative adj.创造(性)的，创新的→creator n．创造者，创作者→creation n．创造，产物 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①The famous novel “Pride and Prejudice” was created (create) by Jane Austen in the 19th century. ②The designer is known for her creativity (create) because she can always come up with unique and innovative ideas. ③Children are naturally creative (create) and have a unique imagination that allows them to create wonderful things. ④The sculptor is the creator (create) of the magnificent statue that stands in the city square. ⑤The invention of the telephone is considered one of the greatest creations (create) in human history. 2．subscribe vi.订阅，订购→subscriber n．(报刊的)订阅人，订购者，订户→subscription n．订阅，订购；(报刊等的)订阅费，订购款 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①I recently subscribed to a cooking channel on YouTube to learn new recipes and cooking techniques. ②Any subscriber (subscribe) who completes our satisfaction survey will receive a discount next month. ③He cancelled his subscription (subscribe) to the streaming service because he found another platform with more content. 3．concentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力→concentrated adj.集中的；全神贯注的；浓缩的→concentration n．集中；专心；浓度 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①It's important to concentrate on your studies if you want to achieve good grades. ②The chef added a few drops of a concentrated (concentrate) sauce to enhance the flavor of the dish. ③The coach emphasized the importance of mental concentration (concentrate) and focus in achieving peak athletic performance. 4．imaginary adj.想象的，虚构的→imagine vt.想象→imagination n．想象，想象力→imaginative adj.富于想象力的；创新的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①The author created an imaginary (imagine) world in his novel，where everything is calm and peaceful. ②Close your eyes and imagine walking (walk) barefoot on a sandy beach，feeling the warmth of the sun on your skin. ③Daydreaming is a wonderful way to let your imagination (imagine) wander and come up with new ideas. ④She is one of the imaginative (imagine) students of the class who can always come up with new ideas. Ⅱ.一词多义 1．alarm [对点微练]——选出alarm的含义 A．n.警报，警报器　B．n.恐慌　C．vt.使惊恐，使害怕 ①I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night. B ②The captain knew there was an engine fault but didn't want to alarm the passengers. C ③When I saw the smoke，I tried to sound the alarm. A 2．fancy [对点微练]——选出fancy的含义 A．adj.花哨的　B．vt.想要，想做　C．vt.想象　D．n.想象(力)，想象的事物 学生用书↓第55页 ①It was such a scene of confusion as you can hardly fancy. C ②I wanted a simple black dress，nothing fancy. A ③Did I really hear someone come in，or was it only a fancy? D ④Do you fancy going out for a walk this evening? B 3．press [对点微练]——选出press的含义 A．vt.按　B．vt.催促，敦促　C．n.报刊 ①The story was widely covered in the national press. C ②The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan. B ③Can you press a bit harder on my shoulders，please? A 4．type vi.&vt.打；打字 n．类型，种类 [对点微练]——选出type的含义 ①(2021·全国乙卷)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel，various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. n.类型，种类 ②After two weeks' practice，she can type quite fast now. vt.打字 Ⅰ.熟词生义——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2020·江苏卷)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing，and then goes for whatever. n.技巧 2．(2022·全国乙卷)Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. vt.准许……进入 3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Before the wide use of the printing press，books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. n.印刷机 4．(2021·浙江卷)Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? adj.满意的，满足的 Ⅱ.词汇拓展——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2022·全国乙卷)For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures. adj.无效的 掌握规律·词汇拓展 effect n．效应；影响→effective adj.有效的；实际的；生效的，起作用的→ineffective adj.无效的，不起作用的 2．(2020·天津卷)I'm Tyson's little brother，but that's only part of my identity. n.身份 掌握规律·词汇拓展 identify vt.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份→identity n．身份；特征→identification n．鉴定；辨认；确认；身份证明 3．(2020·北京卷)Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers. n.订阅者 掌握规律·词汇拓展 subscribe vi.订阅，订购→subscriber n．(报刊的)订阅人，订购者，订户→subscription n．订阅，订购；(报刊等的)订阅费，订购款 Ⅲ.长难句剖析 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)On March 7，1907，the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. 自主剖析：本句为主从复合句。which引导定语从句，修饰a paper；what引导宾语从句。 尝试翻译：1907年3月7日，英国统计学家弗朗西斯·加尔顿发表了一篇论文，阐述了所谓的“群体智慧效应”。 学生用书↓第56页 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion，the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 自主剖析：本句为主从复合句。第一个that引导表语从句；when引导时间状语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰groups。 尝试翻译：研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。 Ⅳ.写作佳句回眸练 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)写作对我来说是如此困难和痛苦，以至于我的老师允许我通过表演一出戏来展示我关于泰坦尼克号沉没的论文，我在剧中扮演了所有的角色。 Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play，where I played all the parts. 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)这就是为什么没有一个孩子认为大卫决定加入越野队是不寻常的。 That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. Ⅴ.单元新情境创新应用 用所给单词的正确形式填空或填入一个合适的词(黑体部分是本单元词汇) 1.Living (live) in modern society nowadays，we all feel very proud and happy.Information technology has a great impact 2.on everyone's life.If you plan 3.to travel (travel)，the instant you book a ticket online，you can receive the information.It's 4.amazing (amaze)，isn't it? Online lessons are also of great help.They are 5.accessible (access) so that many learners are into online learning.In reality，in China，no matter 6.where you go，you need to bring with you just two things，your ID card and your smartphone.With your smartphone，you can pay for 7.what you buy and determine your 8.location (locate).Its recommendation of the route you need to take is 9.generally (general) accurate.However，we need to focus on Internet safety.Never 10.be cheated (cheat). Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练 第一步　练表达——亮出文采 使用本单元所学知识完成下列句子 1．现在，许多人在网上有虚拟的朋友。 Nowadays，many people have virtual friends online． 2．我弟弟也是如此，他沉迷于社交网络。 So it is with my brother，who is addicted to social networking. 3．他和一个男人交朋友，他把这个男人看作超级英雄。 He made friends with a man and he viewed the man as a super hero. 4．这个人据说是玩电子游戏的专家，显然对我弟弟有影响。 The man was said to be an expert in playing video games and obviously had an impact/effect on/upon my brother. 5．我认为那个人是个骗子，因为他骗我弟弟购买了各种游戏设备。 I thought that the man was a cheat because he tricked my brother into buying various equipment for the games. 6．昨天，我弟弟一看到这些游戏的账单就惊慌失措。 Yesterday my brother was alarmed the instant he saw the bill he paid for these games. 学生用书↓第57页 第二步　学逻辑——完美成篇 运用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 Nowadays，many people have virtual friends online.So it is with my brother，who is addicted to social networking.He made friends with a man and he viewed the man as a super hero.The man was said to be an expert in playing video games and obviously had an impact/effect on/upon my brother.I thought that the man was a cheat because he tricked my brother into buying various equipment for the games.However，yesterday my brother was alarmed the instant he saw the bill he paid for these games. Ⅱ.读后续写提能练(害怕与恐惧) 1. 好词好句输入 单 词 terrified/panicked/frightened/scared害怕的；startled受惊吓的；scary/frightening/terrifying令人害怕的，吓人的；fright/fear害怕，恐惧；panic惊慌，恐慌；tremble颤抖；frighten/terrify/scare使害怕，惊吓 短 语 shake with fear害怕得发抖；tremble in terror吓得发抖；be filled with a sense of dread充满恐惧；be consumed by fear and unease被恐惧和不安所吞噬；scare sb to death吓得某人要死；scare sb out of one's wits把某人吓得魂飞魄散；a chilling wave of fear一股令人不寒而栗的恐惧；be paralyzed/frozen with fright吓得不能动弹 句 子 ※The sight of spiders instantly triggers a deep-seated fear within him，causing his body to freeze with dread. 见到蜘蛛的瞬间，他内心深处的恐惧立刻被触发，导致他整个身体都吓得僵住了。 ※Scared and nervous，she was frozen to the spot. 她又害怕又紧张，僵在了原地。 ※His heart beat wildly and his legs trembled.他的心狂跳着，两腿颤抖着。 ※As the footsteps grew closer，she felt her heart racing and a gripping sense of dread washed over her.随着脚步声越来越近，她感到心跳加速，一种令人紧张的恐惧感笼罩着她。 2.写作战场输出 (1)利用修辞手法和高级句式并借助环境描写烘托人物害怕与恐惧的心情。 ①当我看到黑熊时，一股令人不寒而栗的恐惧席卷了我。(fear) As I caught sight of the black bear，a chilling wave of fear washed over me. ②我的身体僵住了；但我的心在胸口剧烈地跳动。(freeze) My body froze；my heart pounded wildly in my chest. ③在它的面前，我感到渺小而无助。(主系表结构) I felt small and helpless in its presence. ④我吓得发抖，祈祷熊走过去，没有注意到我。(动词-ing形式短语作状语) I trembled with fear，praying for the bear to pass by without noticing me. ⑤时间似乎变慢了，我的本能告诉我要逃跑，但我知道这只会让事情变得更糟。(seem to do；make＋宾语＋宾语补足语) Time seemed to slow down and my instinct told to run；I knew that would only make things worse． (2)将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。 As I caught sight of the black bear，a chilling wave of fear washed over me.My body froze，but my heart pounded wildly in my chest.I felt small and helpless in its presence.I trembled with fear，praying for the bear to pass by without noticing me.Time seemed to slow down and my instinct told to run，but I knew that would only make things worse. 单元测评4　Unit 4　Information Technology (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) A卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·广东省梅州市大埔县高三二模) Cerebral palsy(脑瘫)is the most common motor disability in children.The condition，which affects about 1 in 345 children，can make daily activities like walking，eating，or even lifting a cup difficult.A team of researchers from the University of California，Riverside (UCR) hopes to reduce the daily struggles with robotic clothing that will allow kids with cerebral palsy to better control their arm movements. Wearable robotic units to help people with mobility issues have been around for many years.However，they are rigid and uncomfortable to wear.The UCR team plans to use light-weight materials to create a robotic sleeve that is cheap，durable，and，most importantly，comfortable to wear on a daily basis. “Hard materials don't interact well with humans，” said Jonathan Realmuto，UCR assistant professor of mechanical engineering and project lead.“What we're going for by using materials like nylon and elastic are essentially robotic clothing.” The scientists envision the robotic sleeves to have sealed areas that can be inflated.When filled with air，they would become temporarily rigid and provide the force needed for movement.The clothing will be fitted with sensors to detect small muscle contractions and anticipate what the wearer wants to do.The inflated bladders(气囊)will then help move the arm to complete the intended action. “If we can help kids brush their own teeth，pour water or open doors，actions that others take for granted，it's a huge win for them，” Realmuto said.“And it's also a huge win for their families and caretakers.” The UCR engineers are not the only ones working on soft robotic clothing to help those with motor disabilities.San Francisco-based startup CIONIC is on a similar mission.The company's first product，the CIONIC Neural Sleeve，is designed to improve mobility for people with conditions like cerebral palsy，multiple sclerosis，and stroke.Jeremiah Robison，the founder of CIONIC，was inspired to develop the product after seeing his daughter struggle with cerebral palsy. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了脑瘫是儿童中常见的运动障碍性疾病，它会使走路、进食、举杯子等日常活动变得困难。加州大学的研究人员正在研究一种软质机器人服装，使脑瘫儿童能够更好地控制他们的手臂运动。 1．What is the disadvantage of previous robotic clothing？(　　) A．They are uncomfortable to wear. B．They are not easy to carry around. C．They aren't environmentally friendly. D．They aren't affordable for most families. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wearable robotic units to help people with mobility issues have been around for many years.However，they are rigid and uncomfortable to wear.”可知，以前的机器人服装穿起来不舒服。故选A项。 2．What improvement is being made to the existing robotic clothing？(　　) A．Easy operation. B．Adjustable design. C．Soft material. D．Simple structure. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“What we're going for by using materials like nylon and elastic are essentially robotic clothing.”可知，UCR研究团队正在使用尼龙和弹性材料来改进机器人服装的柔软度和舒适度。故选C项。 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about？(　　) A．Why bladders are needed in the new unit. B．How the improved robotic clothing works. C．What material is used in the robotic sleeves. D．What difficulty cerebral palsy patients have. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，科学家们设想，机器人袖子上有可以充气的密封区域。当充满空气时，它们会暂时变得坚硬，并提供运动所需的力量。这种衣服将配备传感器来检测肌肉的微小收缩，并预测穿着者想要做什么。充气的气囊将帮助移动手臂来完成预定的动作。由此可知，本段主要介绍了改进的机器人服装是如何工作的。故选B项。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph？(　　) A．The UCR is teaming up with the CIONIC. B．Soft robotic clothing is an emerging industry. C．The CIONIC Neural Sleeve is quite popular. D．Robison made robotic clothing for his family first. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Jeremiah Robison，the founder of CIONIC，was inspired to develop the product after seeing his daughter struggle with cerebral palsy.”可知，从最后一段我们能推断出罗宾逊首先为他的家人制作了机器人服装。故选D项。 B (2023·黑龙江省大庆市高三二模) In a high-tech lab on John's Hopkins University's Homewood campus in Maryland，engineers have been building a robot that may be able to stitch (缝针) back together the broken tissues in your stomach and even your brain，no doctor needed. The robot has a high-tech camera on one arm and a high-tech sewing machine on a second arm.The goal is to develop，in the next several years，a robot that makes the delicate work more consistent. The robot，known as Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot，or STAR，which is run by a highly advanced computer program，will advance technology currently in wide use in operating rooms.The robot completes about a stitch a minute，slightly slower than a human surgeon.But the tests so far have shown more consistency than what the humans can achieve. Long hours of traditional surgery can cause human hands to get tired and tremble，which may cause accidents during an operation.Robert Langer，an engineer，said the robotic arm could change the way surgeries are done.He has helped found dozens of biotech companies including Galen Robotics.The robotic arm being developed by Hopkins engineers is this company's product. Galen CEO Bruce Lichorowic compared the robotic arm to future for surgeons，saying it increases their stability，reduces tiredness and prevents cramps (抽筋) during long surgeries，all of which lead to safer surgeries. Galen Robotics has its roots in research from Johns Hopkins University，but the company had been based in Silicon Valley until 2019.“The company currently employs about 40 people，about half of whom have advanced degrees from Johns Hopkins，” said Lichorowic，adding that the company plans to grow to 60 positions by the end of the year. Galen's robotic arm is not for sale yet，but Lichorowic said the company expects to submit an application to the U．S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) later this year. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马里兰州约翰霍普金斯大学霍姆伍德校区的一个高科技实验室里正在研制智能组织自主机器人(STAR)，尽管动作比人类外科医生慢，但是可以使手术更顺畅。 5．What can STAR do？(　　) A．Shorten operation time. B．Replace human surgeons. C．Make operations smooth. D．Advance medical studies. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，STAR尽管缝针速度不如人类外科医生，但是缝合动作的连贯性比人类医生好，可以使手术更顺畅。故选C项。 6．What does Lichorowic think of STAR？(　　) A．Flexible. B．High-cost. C．Promising. D．Unpredictable. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，Lichorowic把机械臂比作外科医生的未来，有着诸多的优点。由此可推知，他认为这种机械臂有前途。故选C项。 7．What can we know about Galen Robotics？(　　) A．It is sponsored by John's Hopkins University. B．It still has its base in Silicon Valley now. C．Its robot arm will be released later this year. D．It is scheduled to expand within this year. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“‘The company currently employs about 40 people，about half of whom have advanced degrees from Johns Hopkins，’ said Lichorowic，adding that the company plans to grow to 60 positions by the end of the year.”可知，公司要在年内扩大规模，增加工作岗位。故选D项。 8．In which column is this text most likely to appear？(　　) A．Mind & Brain. B．Health & Technology. C．Business & Investment. D．Physics & Medicine. 答案：B 解析：文章出处题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段内容可知，本文介绍一个能进去人体内帮助缝补组织的智能组织自主机器人。由此推知，本文最有可能出现在“健康与科技(Health & Technology)”专栏。故选B项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题6分，共30分) (2023·安徽省蚌埠市高三第二次质检) How to Read the Newspaper Quickly and Efficiently You want to stay informed about the world but you have such a busy life.1( )．Here are tips for reading the newspaper in the fastest，most efficient way possible： Scan the headlines 2( )．Generally speaking，the headline presents the theme of the story so you can skip over some stories and read others.Remember that some stories will directly affect you while others may not.Use your best judgment in determining which stories you want to read based on their headlines. 3( ) Basically，a newspaper article presents the most crucial information early on and gradually reveals less and less significant details.In other words，you can read the first one to five paragraphs or so and really already know the meat of the story. Read the photo captions(说明) If you're really in a hurry but you want a little bit more information than what the headline provides，skip the story and go straight to the photo caption.Photo captions often serve as an intermediate between the headline and the actual story.4( ) Keep in mind，though，that not all photo captions are created equal.While some may give you a summary of the story behind the photograph，others are much more unclear. Look at the graphics Search for bar graphs(图表)，pie charts，and other visuals that show you what you need to know by the numbers in a flash.Often you don't even have to hunt; the graphics are noticeably displayed and perhaps even in color.Graphics alone rarely，if ever，provide much deep insight into a story.5( )． A．Read the first three paragraphs B．Grasp the most crucial information first C．They give you some detail but not everything D．Headlines usually declare what the story's about upfront E．The most important details are usually included in headlines F．However，they do give you a brief introduction to what makes a certain story so attractive G．Actually，that doesn't mean you can't take a few minutes to learn about what's happening worldwide 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何又快又高效地读报纸。 1．答案：G 解析：根据上文“You want to stay informed about the world but you have such a busy life.”和下文“Here are tips for reading the newspaper in the fastest，most efficient way possible”可知，这里说明虽然生活忙碌，但是还是有方法读报纸的。G项(事实上，这并不意味着你不能花几分钟时间了解世界各地正在发生的事情)与上下文承接自然。 2．答案：D 解析：根据下文“Generally speaking，the headline presents the theme of the story so you can skip over some stories and read others.”可知，D项(标题通常会提前宣布故事的内容)符合语境。 3．答案：A 解析：本空为本段小标题。根据下文内容可知，本段建议人们阅读新闻前一部分就可以获得文章信息。A项(阅读前三段)与下文内容一致，可以作本段小标题。 4．答案：C 解析：根据下文“Keep in mind，though，that not all photo captions are created equal.”可知，这里说明图片有时候不能告诉你所有信息。C项(它们给你一些细节，但不是全部)和下文意思一致。 5．答案：F 解析：根据上文“Search for bar graphs(图表)...provide much deep insight into a story.”可知，本段介绍看图表对阅读的影响。F项(然而，它们确实会给你一个简短的介绍，说明是什么让某个故事如此吸引人)和上文承接自然，选项中的they指代上文Graphics。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题3分，共30分) (2023·山西省太原市高三二模) Many provinces in China are putting efforts into the construction of digital villages.Through e-commerce，the government has taken measures 1 (increase) sales of local agricultural products.The online sales channels have been 2 (effective) expanded through brand recommendations，online and offline agricultural festival 3 (activity).Some farms are equipped with “planting brain”，with the basic conditions of agriculture in the district 4 (display) on the screen.This brings about lower cost and 5 (high) labor efficiency.Xu Yuejin，a 66-year-old grain farmer，6 (witness) the technological advancement in the past years，and he is now skilled at using not only conventional tools，7 drones(无人机)and other unmanned machinery to realize automatic farming.Agriculture in the digital village is 8 industry that is more than just 9 (apply) new advanced technology.Villagers' lives are 10 vital importance as well.Therefore，digital healthcare and digital education have been promoted in villages.Soon digitalization will greatly shape the direction of the rural agriculture and rural modernization. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国各省正在努力建设数字村庄。通过电子商务，政府已采取措施增加当地农产品的销售。通过品牌推荐、线上线下农业节活动，有效拓展线上销售渠道。 1．答案：to increase 解析：考查非谓语动词。take measures to do sth意为“采取措施做某事”，故本空应用动词不定式形式。故填to increase。 2．答案：effectively 解析：考查词性转换。本空修饰动词expanded，应用副词作状语。故填effectively。 3．答案：activities 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据句意可知，本空应用名词复数形式。故填activities。 4．答案：displayed 解析：考查非谓语动词。本空在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，宾语the basic conditions和动词display之间为被动关系，应用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。故填displayed。 5．答案：higher 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据句意以及and连接的lower可知，本空应用形容词的比较级形式。故填higher。 6．答案：has witnessed 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the past years可知，应用现在完成时，主语为单数。故填has witnessed。 7．答案：but 解析：考查连词。not only...but(also)...意为“不但……而且……”，故本空应用连词but。故填but。 8．答案：an 解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一种产业”，且industry以元音音素开头，故本空应用不定冠词an。故填an。 9．答案：applying 解析：考查非谓语动词。空前than为介词，故本空应用动词-ing形式。故填applying。 10．答案：of 解析：考查介词。be of＋抽象名词＝be＋形容词。be of vital importance意为“至关重要的”，故本空应用介词of。故填of。 B卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2023·福建省厦门第一中学高三二模) Technology caused the problem of false news，and it's easy to think that technology can solve it and that we only need to find the right technology to solve the problem.But this approach ignores valuable lessons concerned with how we acquire knowledge. To understand how false news comes，start with an example.Imagine you're out for drinks when one of your friends shocks the table with an unproven story about a local famous people.The story is so shocking you're not sure it could be right.But then，here's your good friend，putting their reputation on the line.Maybe you should believe it. This is an instance of what philosophers call testimony (证词).It's similar to the sort of testimony given in a courtroom，but it is less formal and much more frequent.Testimony happens any time you believe something because someone else proves the accuracy of the information.Most of our knowledge about the world is secondhand knowledge that comes to us through testimony.After all，we can't each do all of our own scientific research，or make our own maps of distant cities. Social media has strange testimonial rules，and it is hard to solve the problem of false news.On Facebook，Twitter and similar platforms，people don't always mean what they say，and we don't always expect them to.As the informal Twitter advertisement goes：“A retweet (转发推文) is not an approval.” When a well-known politician was caught retweeting false statistics about race and crime，he told Fox News it wasn't a big deal：“Am I gonna check every statistic? All it was is a retweet.It wasn't from me.” Intellectually (理智上)，we know that people do this all of the time on social media，and pass along news without checking its accuracy，but many of us listen to them anyway.The information they share is just too attractive to ignore—especially when it is about our existing political beliefs. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们总认为技术可以解决假新闻这个问题，其实不然，文章分析了假新闻是如何产生的。 1．Why do we tend to believe surprising news over drinks？(　　) A．We've confirmed it. B．We may be drunken. C．We find it amazing. D．We trust in our friends. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，你是因为相信自己的朋友才相信这则消息。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3？(　　) A．The statement in court. B．The talk in a restaurant. C．The evidence of a crime. D．The testimony of a philosopher. 答案：B 解析：代词指代题。根据画线单词前一句“This is an instance of what philosophers call testimony (证词).”以及“It's similar to the sort of testimony given in a courtroom”可知，it指的正是哲学家所说的“证词”，而这个证词指的是第二段的“Imagine you're out...you should believe it.”可知，it所指的正是在餐厅里的谈话。故选B。 3．Why is it easy for us to believe the content producers on social media？(　　) A．We are tolerant of their actions. B．Social media have issued odd regulations. C．We will identify with them readily. D．Social media don't check the information. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Testimony happens any time you believe something because someone else proves the accuracy of the information.”和最后一段“Intellectually (理智上)，we know that people...existing political beliefs.”可推知，我们会很容易地与社交媒体上的内容生产者产生共鸣。故选C。 4．What may be the best title for the text？(　　) A．How to Fix False News B．How Incorrect Information Arrives C．What Information to Acquire D．When Testimony Disturbs Audience 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“But this approach ignores valuable lessons concerned with how we acquire knowledge.”、第二段“To understand how false news comes，start with an example.”以及最后一段“Social media has strange testimonial rules，and it is hard to solve the problem of false news.”可知，本文解释了假新闻是如何产生的。所以“How Incorrect Information Arrives(不正确的信息是如何产生的)”作文章标题最为合适。故选B。 B (2023·山东省济南市高三一模) There is nothing quite like enjoying the sights，sounds and culture of a city while tasting a cup of coffee outdoors.But it is not that enjoyable when heat waves sweep the city.An outdoor cooling system produced by Kinonko，an Israeli (以色列的) company，began to be tested in Tel Aviv.The sweltering city is a perfect place to try the new technology. With global warming heating up the temperature，it will soon be too hot to sit outside in cafes.While outdoor cooling systems have existed for a while，most of them use some sort of water or misting system to cool the air around them，consuming too much water and power.After two years of development，the perfect solution to the problem was found.“We have invented a new generation of air conditioner，” Kinonko CEO Leizer said. As Leizer introduced，the energy is from the pressure created between liquid nitrogen(氮)and gas nitrogen.When liquid nitrogen at－196 degrees turns into gas，it produces a very strong pressure and the pressure is used to run a mechanical engine.It is that mechanical engine that slowly releases freezing nitrogen gas to cool down the air around it. The technology is unique and amazing.Beyond the coolness of the concept，it also has other advantages.The work unit doesn't need to be power-driven，and doesn't blow out harmful warm air as it works.As for the potential price，it will probably be no more expensive than any other air conditioner.In addition，the liquid nitrogen container will need to be replaced every seven to ten days，depending on usage.This makes it an affordable option for all sorts of businesses.The cooling system is expected to be on the market in 2024. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了开始进入测试阶段的一种室外冷却系统，这项新技术有望在2024年投入市场，使人们在炎热的天气下，能够重享在室外喝咖啡的快乐。 5．What does the underlined word “sweltering” mean in Paragraph 1？(　　) A．Warm.　　 B．Dry.　　 C．Hot.　　 D．Freezing. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的“But it is not that enjoyable when heat waves sweep the city.”可知，这座城市是非常闷热的。由此可知，“The sweltering city”指的是这座闷热的城市，故画线词sweltering意为“闷热的”。故选C项。 6．What problem does the existing outdoor cooling systems have？(　　) A．They are wasteful. B．They overheat easily. C．They often break down. D．They are slow to cool the air. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“While outdoor cooling systems...too much water and power.”可知，现在的室外冷却系统消耗过多的水和电力，是比较浪费的。故选A项。 7．What does Paragraph 3 mainly explain？(　　) A．What powers the engine. B．What turns liquid into gas. C．How the pressure is formed. D．How the new system works. 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中内容可知，本段主要描述了这种新的冷却系统是如何工作的。故选D项。 8．What is the purpose of this text？(　　) A．To promote a company. B．To settle an energy crisis. C．To introduce a technology. D．To market a misting system. 答案：C 解析：写作目的题。根据第一段的“An outdoor cooling system produced by Kinonko，an Israeli (以色列的) company，began to be tested in Tel Aviv.”和最后一段的“The technology is unique and amazing.”及“The cooling system is expected to be on the market in 2024.”可推知，本文的主要目的是向人们介绍一种新的室外冷却技术。故选C项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题2分，共30分) (2023·山东省烟台市高三一模) Some years ago，I was stuck on a crosstown bus during rush hour.The bus was filled with cold，tired people 1 with one another.Two men 2 at each other for an unintentional push.An elderly woman got on，and nobody offered her a 3 ．Anger was in the air; no 4 could be found here. As the bus approached Seventh Avenue，the driver's words came from the speaker.“Folks，”he said.“I know you've had a(n) 5 day and that you are depressed，but I will 6 ．When each of you walks by before getting off，drop your 7 into my palm(手掌).My route goes right by the Hudson River，into which I'll 8 them.” It seemed as if a spell had lifted.Everyone burst out laughing，their faces shining with 9 ．The passengers who had been 10 each other's existence were suddenly grinning(咧嘴笑)at each other—is this guy serious? At the next stop，just as 11 ，the driver held out his hand，palm up，and waited.All the 12 passengers performed the gesture of dropping something into his palm.The driver 13 the same action at every stop that followed. Occasionally we may sink into a grey world，but someone can 14 it like a ray of light，showing us hope.What if we are the light? 15 ，anyone possesses the power to shine on others' dark days. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位公交车司机通过让乘客在下车前把烦恼放在他的掌心里，然后他把烦恼拿去扔掉来点亮乘客们的一天，使他们充满希望。 1．(　　)A．satisfied　　　　　　 B．associated C．impressed D．annoyed 答案：D 解析：根据上文“Some years ago，I was stuck on a crosstown bus during rush hour.”和下文“Anger was in the air”可知，因交通高峰期被堵在路上，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，他们彼此都很生气(annoyed)。 2．(　　)A．waved B．nodded C．barked D．shot 答案：C 解析：根据下文“an unintentional push”和“Anger was in the air”可知，乘客都很生气，两名男子因无意推搡而互相吼叫(barked)。 3．(　　)A．reminder B．seat C．ride D．choice 答案：B 解析：根据上文“The bus was filled with cold，tired people”和“An elderly woman got on”可知，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，一位老妇人上了车，没人给她让座(seat)。 4．(　　)A．mercy B．fortune C．courage D．security 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Anger was in the air”可知，空气中弥漫着愤怒，这里没有慈悲(mercy)可言。 5．(　　)A．tough B．average C．important D．fruitful 答案：A 解析：根据上文“tired people”和下文“you are depressed”可知，乘客们今天过得很艰难(tough)。 6．(　　)A．make comments B．show up C．help out D．take risks 答案：C 解析：根据上文“you are depressed”，but以及下文中司机的做法可知，司机想办法帮助(help out)乘客们。 7．(　　)A．memories B．troubles C．faults D．tips 答案：B 解析：根据上文语境可知，疲倦的乘客们因堵车心烦意乱，导致车上弥漫着愤怒的情绪，司机想缓和这种情况，所以司机让乘客把他们的烦恼(troubles)丢在他的掌心。 8．(　　)A．transform B．stretch C．accompany D．cast 答案：D 解析：根据上文“drop your into my palm(手掌)”可知，司机要把乘客的烦恼投到(cast)河里去。 9．(　　)A．envy B．greed C．pleasure D．pride 答案：C 解析：根据上文“Everyone burst out laughing”可知，每个人都笑了起来，脸上洋溢着喜悦(pleasure)的光彩。 10．(　　)A．suspecting B．ignoring C．expecting D．appreciating 答案：B 解析：根据上文“The bus was filled with cold，tired people”和下文“were suddenly grinning(咧嘴笑)at each other”可知，乘客们一开始都很冷漠，不太可能会注意身边的人，司机提议后，一直无视(ignoring)对方存在的乘客们突然互相笑了。 11．(　　)A．ordered B．promised C．requested D．reported 答案：B 解析：根据上文“When each of you walks by before getting off，drop your into my palm(手掌).”和下文“the driver held out his hand，palm up，and waited”可知，到了下一站，就像承诺(promised)的那样，司机伸出手，掌心朝上，等待着接乘客们的烦恼。 12．(　　)A．chosen B．fooled C．sitting D．exiting 答案：D 解析：根据上文“before getting off”和下文“performed the gesture of dropping something into his palm”可知，所有要离开(exiting)的乘客都做了一个把什么东西扔到他的手掌里的手势。 13．(　　)A．repeated B．designed C．interpreted D．evaluated 答案：A 解析：根据下文“the same action at every stop that followed”可知，司机在接下来的每一站都重复(repeated)同样的动作。 14．(　　)A．divide B．explore C．reward D．brighten 答案：D 解析：根据下文“like a ray of light”可知，总有人能像一线光明一样照亮(brighten)我们的灰暗世界。 15．(　　)A．However B．Instead C．Actually D．Consequently 答案：C 解析：根据下文“anyone possesses the power to shine on others' dark days”可知，事实上(Actually)，任何人都有能力照亮别人的黑暗日子，就像司机所做的一样。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题3分，共30分) (2023·山东省青岛市高三第一次适应性检测) In Ningbo city，a young woman has made the bamboo product brand of her family's company famous around the world，1 (help)a fair number of bamboo farmers increase their income. Wang Xiaoqing，born in the 1990s，2 (find) that in the US，Chinese bamboo products were popular among customers，3 many of them carried foreign brands，despite China being the “kingdom of bamboos”．She decided to return to China and build a bamboo product brand after finishing her education abroad in 2013. In 2018，a bamboo table 4 (produce) by the company of Wang's family shined at the first Global Bamboo Congress.“5 fascinates westerners is the Chinese bamboo culture and its long history.It provides a sound foundation for the global 6 (expand) of China's bamboo industry，”Wang said.Her company is 7 (current) engaged in the design，manufacturing and sales of bamboo products.It produces over 10 million bamboo products each year，85 percent of which 8 (sell) in the global market. Serving 9 vice president of the entrepreneurship promotion association for returned overseas students in Ningbo city，Wang plans to contribute more to rural vitalization.“I hope that we can turn villages into more beautiful places and make villagers get 10 (rich)，”Wang said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了宁波市一名年轻女子将其家族公司的竹制品销往世界，帮助相当多的竹农增加了收入。 1．答案：helping 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，本空在句中作结果状语，表示“自然而然”的结果，应用动词-ing形式。故填helping。 2．答案：found 解析：考查动词的时态。根据空后动词decided可知，本空动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填found。 3．答案：but 解析：考查连词。根据句意可知，本空前后为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。 4．答案：produced 解析：考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，修饰名词table，被修饰名词和动词produce之间为被动关系，故本空应用动词-ed形式。故填produced。 5．答案：What 解析：考查主语从句。本空引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what。故填What。 6．答案：expansion 解析：考查词性转换。根据空前介词for和形容词global可知，本空应用名词形式。故填expansion。 7．答案：currently 解析：考查词性转换。本空修饰动词engaged，应用副词currently作状语。故填currently。 8．答案：are sold 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前动词produces可知，本空应用一般现在时，且句子主语85 percent of which指的是bamboo products，和动词sell之间为被动关系，主语为复数。故填are sold。 9．答案：as 解析：考查介词。serve as意为“用作，作为”。故填as。 10．答案：richer 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据前文more beautiful places可知，本空应用形容词的比较级形式。故填richer。 学生用书↓第58页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$