Unit 4 Living with technology（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版2020）

Unit 4　Living with technology 重点词汇 (一)阅读常见词——记牢 1．autonomous 　　 adj.自主的，有自主权的；自治的 (联想：autonomous region自治区) 2．drone n．无人驾驶飞机 3．victim n．受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 (联想：fall victim to受伤，受损) 4．domestic adj.家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的(同义：home) 5．contemporary adj.当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的 n．同代人，同辈人(联想：temporary adj.暂时的) (二)多义辨析词——认清 1．commit 　 vt.犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间) vi.全心全意投入，忠于 2．monitor vt.监视，跟踪调查；监听 n．显示屏；监测器；班长 3．highlight n．最好(或最精彩)的部分vt.突出，强调；使醒目 4．engage vt.& vi.吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用； 与……建立密切关系 (三)核心必背词——用活 1．a major breakthrough in AI　　 人工智能领域的一个重大突破 2．murder victims 谋杀案受害者 3．alternative energy 可替代性能源 4．predict a heavy rain 预测下大雨 5．on the decrease 在减少中 6．one cannot deny the fact that... 一个不可否认的事实是…… 7．large quantities of 大量的 8．a driving licence 驾驶执照 9．bury her face in her hands and weep 她掩面而泣 10．virtual reality 虚拟现实 11．the academic requirements 学术要求 12．barriers to the development of VR 虚拟现实发展的障碍　　　 拓展词汇 1．finance n．财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理vt.提供资金→financial adj.财政的，金融的→financially adv.财政上地 2．threat n．构成威胁的人(或事物)；威胁→threaten vt.危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓→threatening adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的 3．crime n．罪，罪行；犯罪活动→criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯罪的 4．urge vt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n.冲动，强烈的欲望→urgent adj.急迫的，迫切的，紧急的→urgency n．紧急；迫切→urgently adv.紧急地 5．demand vt.需要；强烈要求 n．要求，所需之物；需求，需要→demanding adj.(工作)要求高的，费力的；(人)苛求的 6．greed n．贪欲；贪婪→greedy adj.贪心的，贪婪的→greedily adv.贪婪地 7．recognize vt.认出；承认→recognition n．识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识 8．distribute vt.分配；散布；分发→distribution n．分发，分送；分配，分布 9．legal adj.法律许可的，合法的→illegal adj.不合法的，非法的→legally adv.法律上，合法地→illegally adv.违法地，非法地 10．conclude vt.& vi.断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止→conclusion n．结论；结束 11．justify vt.证明……正当；替……辩护→justified adj.合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的 12．definite adj.确定的，一定的→definition n．定义；释义，解释→definitely adv.确定地，一定地 13．practice vt.& vi.& n．实践；练习→practical adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的→practically adv.实际上；事实上 14．optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的→optimism n．乐观；乐观主义→optimist n．乐观主义者；乐天派 15．annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→annoyed adj.颇为生气的→annoying adj.使烦恼的→annoyance n．恼怒，生气；使人烦恼的事 16．globe n．球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→global adj.全球的；总体的；球形的 17．capable adj.有能力的；有才干的→capacity n．能力；容量 18．analyze/analyse v．分析→analysis n．(pl. analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyst n．分析家 19．mass n．团；堆；许多；大量→massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的 重点短语 1．to name but a few　　　 略举几例 2．break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入 3．in large quantities 大量，大批 4．spy on 暗中监视，窥探 5．a host of 许多，大量(同义：a large amount of；a quantity of； a good many；numbers of) 6．at the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下(同义：at the cost of...) 7．come true 实现(对比：realize) 8．be capable of doing sth 有能力做某事(同义：have the ability to do sth) 9．in short 总之；简言之(同义：in brief; all in all; generally speaking) 10．a variety of 多种多样的(同义：varieties of) 单元佳句 1.To achieve this aim，many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward，including “deep learning”...(to do 不定式作目的状语) 2．As we become more and more dependent on computers，some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.(过去分词短语作后置定语) 3．What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? (what if...) 4．It won't be long before virtual museums and interactive three­D exhibitions become common.(before 引导的时间状语从句) 5.When shopping online，you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with 360­degree views.(状语从句的省略) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．为了实现这个目标，人们提出过许多创造真正的人工智能(AI)的方法，包括“深度学习”…… 2．随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。 3．如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？ 4．用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。 5.网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣服、360度全方位查看商品。 词汇语境串记 　　Recently，the topic of environmental pollution has again aroused more and more attention.There is no denying that this problem may boil down to the fact that humans are too greedy．To meet their demands for more resources，trees have been cut down in large quantities．Besides，the number of wild animals is also on the decrease because of illegal hunting.It is predicted that if such things continue happening，the ecological system will be threatened．Apparently，it is urgent that the government should take some practical measures to prohibit people from destroying our environment.With the joint efforts，we can find some alternative solutions.To conclude，we can never develop our economy at the expense of the environment. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 近年来，环境污染问题再次引起了越来越多的关注。不可否认，这个问题可以归结为人类过于贪婪的事实。为了满足他们对更多资源的需求，树木被大量砍伐。此外，由于非法狩猎，野生动物的数量也在减少。据预测，如果这种事情继续发生，生态系统将受到威胁。显然，政府迫切需要采取一些实际的措施，禁止人们破坏我们的环境。通过共同的努力，我们可以找到一些替代的解决方案。总之，我们永远不能以牺牲环境为代价来发展我们的经济。 Ⅰ.默写单词(每空1分，满分20分) 1．capacity 　　 　 n．领悟(或理解、办事)能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量 2．analyse vt.分析 3．breakthrough n．重大进展，突破 adj.突破性的 4．warning n．警告，先兆；警戒 5．victim n．受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 6．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 7．decrease vt.& vi.减少，降低 n．减少，降低 8．deny vt.否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 9．quantity n．数量；大量 10．bury vt.埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 11．fountain n．喷射，涌流；喷水池；源泉，丰富来源 12．contemporary adj.当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的 n．同代人，同辈人 13．superiority n．优越感；优越性，优势 14．virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 15．definition n．定义；释义，解释 16．practical adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 17．academic adj.教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 18．barrier n．障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 19．initial adj.最初的，开始的 n．首字母 20．expense n．费用；开销；开支 Ⅱ.默写短语(每空3分，满分30分) 1．to name but a few　　　 略举几例 2．break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入 3．in large quantities 大量，大批 4．spy on 暗中监视，窥探 5．a host of 许多，大量 6．at the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 7．come true 实现 8．be capable of doing sth 有能力做某事 9．in short 总之；简言之 10．a variety of 多种多样的 Ⅲ.词形变化填空(每空2分，满分38分) 1．We need to consider everything before drawing a conclusion (conclude)． 2．Unfortunately, the greedy thief filled his bag with the treasures greedily．(greed) 3．He warned me not to leave without permission, but I didn't accept his warning．(warn) 4．That is a globally familiar trade company, which considers the problem on a global scale.(globe) 5．Since there are many practical difficulties in learning oral English，you must keep practicing speaking every day.(practice) 6．The athlete was recognized as “air man”， but illness and age changed him beyond recognition． (recognize) 7．As a distributor,__he studied the geographical distribution of these products across the country.(distribute) 8．I hear policymakers are designing laws that make it illegal to smoke in public and smokers are legally responsible for related fire caused by a cigarette end.(legal) 9．My friend's talking with full food in his mouth made me annoyed．I had warned him many times about his annoying habit.(annoy) 10．Though the phone is quite fashionable, as far as I know, it is quite expensive．We must limit the expenses to what we can afford.(expense) Ⅳ.句式仿写(每小题4，满分12分) 1．句型公式：状语从句的省略 在你朋友家吃饭时，你最好注意你的行为举止。(建议信) When having dinner in your friend's home，you'd better mind your own behaviour. 2．句型公式：It won't be long before... 我坚信不久之后，我们就能摆脱经济困境。 I firmly believe that it will not be long before we get rid of the trouble in finance. 3．句型公式：What if... 如果她发现你把她的书丢了怎么办？ What if she finds out that you've lost her book? 1．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；紧迫的；催促的；急切的 ·have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事 ·urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)我们写信呼吁大家都参加这项活动，其目的是敦促我们积极参加体育锻炼。 We are writing to call on everyone to participate in the activity, whose aim is to urge us to take an active part in physical exercise．(倡议书) (2)公众强烈要求政府采取措施来防止此类案件的再次发生。 The public urged that the government (should) take measures to prevent such cases from happening again． 2．demand n．需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问(生义)→demanding adj.要求高的 ·demand to do sth 要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth 要求……做某事 ·be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Nowadays science graduates are in greater demand because advanced science has created more demanding (demand) jobs. (2)因为这是一项要求比较高的任务，所以经理要求我们加班来满足顾客们的需求。 Because it was a demanding task，the manager demanded that we (should) work extra hours to meet customers' demands． 3．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的→alternatively adv.可供选择地 an alternative to... ……的替代品 have no alternative/choice but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth 有做某事的选择 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an alternative to gasoline. (2)As to cosmetics，if you don't like domestic brands，you have the alternative of buying foreign ones. (3)To reduce pollution，we human beings can do nothing but choose some clean resources. →In order to reduce pollution，we human beings have no alternative/ choice but to choose some clean resources. 4．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 ·on the decrease/decline 在减少；在衰退 on the increase/rise 在上涨；在增长 ·decrease/increase by... 减少/增加了…… decrease/increase to... 减少/增加到…… 【多维训练】　介词填空/写作迁移 (1)The number of people owning private cars is on the increase in China.By the end of last year，the number had increased to 80 million，while the number of people buying Japanese cars had decreased by 20%. (2)过去几年中，参观这座博物馆的人数下降了近6%。 The number of visitors to the museum has decreased by nearly 6% in the past few years. 5．quantity n．数量；数额 a (large) quantity of＝(large) quantities of 许多的；大量的 in quantity＝in large quantities＝in large amounts 大量地 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Large quantities of books have been contributed (contribute) to the children in the countryside since then. (2)A large quantity of money has been raised (raise) to help those suffering from the disaster since last month. (3)废水大量涌入海洋，造成了巨大的破坏。(2022·全国甲卷) Waste water is pouring into the ocean in large quantities，causing great damage. 【名师点拨】 　①“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； ②“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 6．bury vt.埋葬；安葬 bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋头于，专心于 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)她深深地叹了口气，双手掩面，开始绝望地抽泣起来。 ①She sighed deeply, burying her face in her hands, and began to sob in despair.(分词短语作状语) ②She sighed deeply, with her face buried in her hands, and began to sob in despair.(with复合结构) (2)由于埋头于功课，他对外面的事情一无所知。 ①Burying himself in his lessons，he knew nothing about the outside world.(现在分词短语作状语) ②Buried in his lessons，he knew nothing about the outside world.(过去分词短语作状语) 【名师点拨】 　表示“专注于；致力于；埋头于”的短语还有： be absorbed in，concentrate on, focus on，fix one's attention on, be devoted to, devote oneself to, occupy oneself in doing/with, be occupied in doing/with 7．annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→annoyed adj.颇为生气的，恼怒的→annoying adj.使烦恼的；使生气的→annoyance n．恼怒，烦恼；使人烦恼的事 ·What annoys sb most is that... 最让某人生气的是…… ·be/get annoyed with sb at/about sth 因某事对某人生气 ·to one's annoyance 使某人生气的是 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)Don't get angry with your classmates and try your best to get along well with them. →Don't get annoyed with your classmates and try your best to get along well with them. (2)让他恼火的是他没有得到任何道歉。 ①What annoyed him was that he had received no apology.(annoy，what) ②To his annoyance，he had received no apology.(annoyance) 8．deny vt.否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 deny doing sth 否认做某事 There is no denying that...＝No one can deny the fact that... 不可否认的是…… 【多维训练】　写作迁移 综上所述，不可否认：留学有其弊端。(议论文) ①In conclusion，there is no denying that studying abroad has its disadvantages． ②To sum up，no one can deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages． 9．break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入 break in 打断(谈话)；突然闯入 break out 突然爆发 break up 打碎；拆散；分解；结束；分手；放假 break down 瓦解，分解；(机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉 【多维训练】　用break短语的正确形式填空 (1)The twins close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers from breaking into their house. (2)The man was annoyed that his naughty son broke up his new watch. (3)Your computer broke down again，which boiled down to the fact that you bought the cheapest brand just to save a few dollars. (4)I was drinking when the fire broke out in that pub and then it spread quickly. 10．It is＋过去分词＋that (教材原句)It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies like food and drink. 可以预测，不久之后许多人将会使用无人机来运送像食物和饮料这样的日常用品。 例句使用了“主语＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”句型，意为“据预测……”，常可转化为“It is＋过去分词＋to do...”。 用于本句型的动词还有 think，believe，expect，report，consider，suppose等。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)人们相信这种新的教学方法会大大提高课堂教学效果。 The new approach to teaching is believed to improve classroom teaching greatly. (2)相信这些建议对你有很大的帮助。 It is believed that the advice will be greatly helpful to you. (3)据说他正在国外学习，不过我不知道他在哪个国家。 ①He is said to be studying abroad, but I don't know which country he is in. ② It is said that he is studying abroad, but I don't know which country he is in. 1.I feel an urge to express my different voice，hoping that this wouldn't offend you.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) 2．There is no denying that I am capable of helping foreigners learn about Chinese culture well.(申请信) 3．We have no alternative/choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it.(主旨升华) 4．It's a pity that global warming has caused a sharp decrease in the number of wildlife in recent years. 5．To begin with, the most expected activity is the annual table tennis competition that involves a large quantity of talented players.(告知信) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．我想表达一种不同的看法，希望这不会冒犯你。 2．不可否认，我有能力帮助外国人更好地了解中国文化。 3．我们别无选择只能勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。 4．令人遗憾的是，近年来，全球变暖导致了野生动物数量的急剧减少。 5．首先，最令人期待的活动是一年一度的乒乓球比赛，届时会有许多有天赋的球员参加。 题组一　单句语法填空 1．Her mother could be very demanding (demand) at times. 2．I envy you having (have) such a close family. 3．He concluded his speech with some amusing remarks. 4．New equipment is urgently (urgent) needed as the factory expands. 5．Making the wrong decision could prove expensive (expense)． 6．I was still sleeping when the fire broke out, and I didn't wake up until it extended to my bedroom. 7．He said the government remained committed (commit) to peace. 8．The charge for transportation is on the decrease because of lower fuel costs. 9．My father came down and demanded to know (know) what was going on. 10．The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying (bury) herself in the book. 11．Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals. 12．I have a strong desire to look (look) at the random things that are being flashed before my eyes. 题组二　多义词汇辨析 1．选出句中pose的词性及含义 A．v.造成，产生　B．v.提出(问题)　C．v.摆姿势　D．n.姿势 ①The delegates posed for a group photograph.__C__ ②We all know that nuclear weapons pose a threat to human security.__A__ ③The magazine posed a list of questions to each of the candidates.__B__ ④She adopted an elegant pose for the camera.__D__ 2．选出句中monitor的词性及含义 A．n.显示器，显示屏　B．n.班长　C．vt.密切监视，关注 ①The details of today's flights are displayed on the monitor.__A__ ②In our school each student's progress is closely monitored.__C__ ③The monitor is a student in a class who performs special duties，such as helping the teacher.__B__ 3．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①The patient suffered a massive heart attack.adj.非常严重的 ②Tourism is a fountain of wealth for the city.n.丰富来源 ③She gained only minimal recognition for her work.n.赞誉，赏识，奖赏 (一)应用文写作 [发言稿——环境保护] 你校将以6月5日世界环境保护日为主题，举办英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇发言稿参赛。内容包括： 1．环境保护的现状； 2．呼吁人们保护环境。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①非常荣幸作为中学生代表来分析环境保护问题。(it作形式主语) It's a great honour for me to represent the middle school students to analyze the issue of environmental protection. ②随着工业的发展，大量的水被污染了，这威胁到我们的健康。(非限制性定语从句) With the development of industry，a large quantity of water has been polluted，which threatens our health. ③由于非法捕猎，野生动物的数量正在减少。 The number of wild animals is on the decrease owing to/ because of illegal hunting. ④这种可怕的情况要求我们共同努力进行改变。(宾语从句) This terrible situation demands that we (should) make joint efforts to change. ⑤努力提高人们的环境保护意识是当务之急。(it作形式主语) It is urged that we should try our best to raise people's awareness of environmental protection. ⑥我坚信，用不了多久我们就会建造一个干净的家园。(同位语从句) I hold the firm belief that it won't be long before we build a clean home. 2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 It's a great honour for me to represent the middle school students to analyze the issue of environmental protection. With the development of industry，a large quantity of water has been polluted，which threatens our health.The number of wild animals is on the decrease owing to/because of illegal hunting.Therefore，this terrible situation demands that we (should) make joint efforts to change.It is urged that we should try our best to raise people's awareness of environmental protection. I hold the firm belief that it won't be long before we build a clean home. (二)读后续写 [情感描写8——吃惊与震惊] 形容词 astonished，amazed，surprised，shocked，astonishing，amazing，surprising，shocking 副词 surprisingly，amazingly，astonishingly 名词 shock，astonishment，surprise，amazement 词块 ①to one's shock令某人震惊的是 ②to one's astonishment/surprise/amazement使某人吃惊的是 ③in astonishment/surprise/shock/amazement 吃惊地/震惊地/惊异地 ④shake one's head in disbelief难以置信地摇摇头 ⑤freeze with shock震惊得动弹不了 ⑥feel/get surprised感到惊讶 ⑦come as a shock to sb ……让某人很震惊 ⑧gasp in astonishment 吃惊地倒吸一口冷气 续写场景训练——捐赠东西给不幸的人 1．使人们震惊的是，龙卷风袭击了附近的一个小镇。 To people's shock, a tornado occurred in a small town nearby.(介词短语) 2．听到这个坏消息，玛丽震惊得呆住了，仿佛钉在了地上一般。 At the bad news, Mary froze with shock, as if rooted to the ground.(动词＋介词短语) 3．玛丽把这个消息告诉了孩子们，问他们是否愿意和那些不幸的人分享他们所拥有的东西。 Mary shared the news with her children, and asked if they would like to share what they had with the less fortunate. 4．令她惊讶的是，孩子们都愿意捐赠一些东西。 She was amazed/ surprised/ astonished that all the children were willing to donate something.(形容词) 5．当安妮把她最喜欢的玩具放进盒子里时，她哥哥脸上闪过一丝惊奇。他瞪大眼睛看着她。 When Anne placed her favorite toy in the box, a spark of surprise flashed across her brother's face．He stared at her with wide eyes.(无灵主语句) 6．他一言不发地回到自己的房间，拿着他最喜欢的玩具跑回客厅。 Without a word, he went back to his room and ran back with his favorite toy to the living room．(并列句) 7．玛丽惊讶地意识到他也明白了他的举动意味着什么。 Astonished/ Surprised/ Amazed,__Mary realized that he had also recognised what his action meant.(形容词作状语) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·石家庄教学质量检测)Many owners of electric cars have wished for a battery pack that could power their vehicle for more than a thousand miles on a single charge.Researchers have developed a lithium­air battery that could make that dream a reality.The new battery design could also one day power airplanes and trucks.The main new component in this lithium­air battery is a solid electrolyte (电解质) instead of the usual liquid variety. Batteries with solid electrolytes are not subject to safety problems with the liquid electrolytes used in lithium­ion and other battery types, which can overheat and catch fire.More importantly, the solid electrolyte can potentially boost the energy four times, which translates into longer driving range. For over a decade, scientists have been working overtime to develop a lithium (锂) battery that makes use of the oxygen in air.The lithium­air battery has the highest energy of any battery technology being considered for the next generation of batteries beyond lithium­ion. The new solid electrolyte is composed of a material made from relatively inexpensive elements，compared with the past designs.Besides，the chemical reaction in lithium­ion only involves one or two electrons stored per oxygen molecule (分子)，while that for the lithium­air battery involves four electrons.More electrons stored means higher energy. The new design is the first lithium­air battery that has achieved a four­electron reaction at room temperature.It also operates with oxygen supplied by air from the surrounding environment.The capability to run with air avoids the need for oxygen tanks to operate, a problem with earlier designs. “With further development, we expect our new design for the lithium­air battery to reach a record of 1，200 watt­hours per kilogram，” said Curtiss, a researcher.“That is nearly four times better than lithium­ion batteries.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种锂空气电池。有朝一日可以为飞机和卡车提供动力。 1．What contributes most to the lithium­air battery? A．Lithium­ion. B．Oxygen molecules. C．Solid electrolytes. D．Liquid components. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段尾句可知，锂空气电池主要的新成分是固体电解质；根据第二段的内容可知，有固体电解质的电池不存在安全问题。根据第四、六段内容可知，更重要的是，固体电解质可能会将能量提高四倍，这意味着更长的行驶里程。由此可知，对锂空气电池贡献最大的是固体电解质。故选C项。 2．What's the problem with lithium­ion batteries? A．They burn easily if overheated. B．They are unsafe in production. C．They damage the environment. D．They require longer charging time. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“lithium­ion and other...overheat and catch fire”可知，锂离子电池容易过热且着火。故选A项。 3．How does the author organize Paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By presenting statistics. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The new solid electrolyte...compared with the past designs”可知，与过去的设计相比，新的固体电解质由相对便宜的成分制成；本段第二句中while表示前后两种情况的对比，由此可知，作者是用比较的方法来写第四段的。故选B项。 4．What is the best title of the text? A．How Lithium­air Batteries Work B．What Will Be Used to Power Airplanes C．Electric Cars Are Becoming More Popular D．New Batteries Offer Longer Driving Range 解析：选D。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种锂空气电池，介绍了该电池的主要成分、与旧的锂离子电池相比该电池的优点——没有锂离子电池等其他类型的电池存在的安全问题且行驶里程更长等。故选 D项。 B (2024·重庆名校联盟联考)A method of transforming a commonly thrown­away plastic to a resin (树脂) used in 3D printing could allow for making better use of plastic waste.A team of Washington State University (WSU) researchers developed a simple and efficient way to transform Polylactic Acid (PLA) (聚乳酸), a bio­based plastic used in products such as filaments, plastic silverware and food packaging to a high­quality resin. “We found a way to immediately turn this into something that's stronger and better, and we hope that will provide people with the inspiration to upcycle this stuff instead of just throwing it away，” said Yu­Chung Chang, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU's School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and co­corresponding author on the work.“We made stronger materials just straight out of trash.We believe this could be a great opportunity.” Although it's bio­based, PLA，which is categorized as the number 7 plastic, can float in fresh or salt water for a year without degrading.It is also rarely recycled because like many plastics, when it's melted down and re­formed, it doesn't perform as well as the original version and becomes less valuable. “It's biodegradable and compostable, but once you look into it, it turns out that it can take up to 100 years for it to rot away in a landfill, ”Chang said.“In reality，it still creates a lot of pollution.We want to make sure that when we do start producing PLA on the million­tons scale, we will know how to deal with it.” While the researchers focused on PLA for the study, they hope to apply the work to poly­ethylene terephthalate (PET) (涤纶树脂), which is more common than PLA and has a similar chemical structure and presents a bigger waste problem.They have filed a temporary patent and are working to further improve the process.The researchers are also looking into other applications of the upcycling method. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。华盛顿州立大学一组研究人员开发了一种新方法，能将废弃的塑料转化为高质量的树脂以用于3D打印。 5．What can the method help do according to Paragraph 1? A．Solve financial crisis. B．Change waste into wealth. C．Control plastic production. D．Determine 3D printing skills. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A method of transforming...better use of plastic waste”可知，一种常见的将废弃塑料转化为用于3D打印的树脂的方法可以更好地利用塑料垃圾，即这种方法可以变废为宝，B项“变废为宝”。故选B。 6．What does Yu­Chung Chang think of the method? A．Unrealistic. B．Imaginable. C．Promising. D．Common. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中该人说的话“We made stronger materials just straight out of trash.We believe this could be a great opportunity”可知，他认为这种变废为宝的做法很有前景，故选C。 7．Which of the following is a feature of number 7 plastics? A．They are hard to break down. B．They are easy to deal with. C．They are still invaluable after being recycled. D.They are difficult to sort out. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“which is categorized as the number 7 plastic...without degrading”可知，7号塑料的一个特点是可以在淡水或盐水中漂浮一年而不降解，即7号塑料很难分解，故选A。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Applications of an upcycling method. B．3D printing with newly found materials. C．A new way to turn plastics into valuable products. D．Some better methods to break down different plastics. 解析：选C。主旨大意题。总览全文可知，本文主要报道了研究人员开发了一种将废弃塑料转化为高质量的树脂以便适于3D打印的新方法，即一种塑料转化为有价值的产品的新方法，故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·河北省唐山市高三第一次模拟演练)In 2017, my husband­to­be, Ricardo, brought his border collie(牧羊犬), Jack, on our first date.I was swiftly struck by the pair of them.Fast forward 18 months and they'd fitted in__1__with me and my daughter, Cayla.The__2__between Jack and us is like no other—he brings us great joy and makes us happy.Now we were all __3__ to take on a new family member. Then came our __4__ to the animal rescue center.It was a love at first sight between Cayla and a little dog, Ruby.As I __5__， this little creature instantly sat back.She made herself as tall and __6__ as she could, trying to contain her __7__ while apparently letting me know what a good girl she was.It __8__.Our adventures as a family of five __9__. One day, Cayla rode her scooter (踏板车) off out of sight along the footpath, Jack and Ruby by her side.Before long, with an __10__ bark, Jack ran back, forcing us to __11__.We did, and found Cayla, blood covering all her knees after falling off. Cayla looked up smiling, overjoyed that the dogs had come through for her in her moment of __12__.One went for help while the other __13__ the injured.It's a wonderful __14__ of how our dogs care for their pack.And I can't __15__ our family without them. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的女儿在受伤时，两只狗杰克和鲁比营救并照顾她的故事。 1． A．beautifully B．awkwardly C．naughtily D．passively 解析：选A。根据下文he brings us great joy and makes us happy 可知，杰克给“我们”带来了幸福和快乐，所以他们相处得很好。beautifully意为“很好；美好地”，符合语境。 2． A．secret B．difference C．bond D．tension 解析：选C。句意为：杰克和我们之间的纽带是独一无二的——他给我们带来了巨大的快乐，使我们幸福。根据句意可推断，杰克与“我们”有着紧密的关系。bond意为“关系；联系”，符合语境。 3． A．nervous B．ready C．cautious D．patient 解析：选B。根据下文Then came...to the animal rescue center...between Cayla and a little dog, Ruby.可知，作者一家去了动物救援中心，准备再养一只小狗。ready意为“准备好的”，符合语境。 4． A．letter B．guide C．introduction D．trip 解析：选D。根据语境可知，接下来“我们”去了动物救援中心。trip意为“出行；旅程”，符合语境。 5． A．approached B．panicked C．listened D．left 解析：选A。根据语境及常识可知，作者一靠近小狗，小狗就坐下来。approach意为“接近；靠近”，符合语境。 6． A．important B．noisy C．still D．noble 解析：选C。根据下文letting me know what a good girl she was 可知，小狗老老实实地坐好，让作者知道它是一只乖巧的小狗，进而能够被领养。still意为“静止的；安静的”，符合语境。 7． A．fear B．excitement C．surprise D．despair 解析：选B。根据常识可知，小狗碰到喜欢的人时会非常激动，想要被喜欢的人带走领养。excitement意为“激动”，符合语境。 8． A．failed B．moved C．hurt D．worked 解析：选D。根据下文as a family of five可知，鲁比开始成为一家五口成员之一。由此可知，前面小狗老老实实地坐好，让作者知道它是一只乖巧的小狗，进而能够被领养的目的达到了，此处指小狗前面的做法起了作用，也就是作者一家领养了它。work意为“起作用；工作”，符合语境。 9． A．continued B．began C．neared D．slowed 解析：选B。根据前面的Now we were all ______ to take on a new family member.可知，“我们”收养了鲁比，开始了一家五口的生活。begin意为“开始”，符合语境。 10．A．urgent B．uncomfortable C．amusing D．annoying 解析：选A。根据下文blood covering all her knees after falling off可知，情况紧急，杰克快速跑了回来，急切地叫着。urgent意为“紧急的；急迫的”，符合语境。 11．A．hide B．escape C．accept D．follow 解析：选D。根据语境可知，杰克跑了回来，让“我们”跟着它跑，“我们”发现了凯拉，她摔倒了，膝盖上都是血。follow 意为“跟随”，符合语境。 12．A．anger B．need C．stress D．loneliness 解析：选B。根据语境可知，凯拉微笑着抬起头，很高兴狗狗们在她需要的时候帮了她。need意为“需要”，符合语境。 13．A．carried B．greeted C．found D．tended 解析：选D。根据语境可知，两只狗在危急时刻，一个去寻求帮助，另一个留下照顾伤员。 tend意为“照顾”，符合语境。 14．A．opportunity B．excuse C．example D．concept 解析：选C。根据语境可知，这是狗狗照顾群体的一个很好的例子。example意为“例子”，符合语境。 15．A．support B．contact C．imagine D．save 解析：选C。根据语境和常识可知，此处指作者习惯了与狗狗的生活，无法想象没有它们会怎样。imagine意为“想象”，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Many years ago, a dance between clay and fire gave rise to a piece of art：porcelain, an artwork 1.____________ is fine and crisp. Flames in kilns (窑) around China have been burning since the Xia and Shang dynasties.Along the way, porcelain 2.____________ (create)． Porcelain is ceramic made by heating raw materials, often a mix of china stone and kaolin clay, in a kiln at a temperature as high as 1，200 degrees Celsius.Temperature is the key to 3.____________ (make) porcelain.Going through the fire of reinvention at a high temperature gives porcelain greater strength 4.____________ richer colors. Celadon produced in Longquan, Zhejiang Province, with a technique passed down for more than 1，600 years, is a typical example of craftsmen's pursuit of the perfect green glint.It takes 72 steps 5.____________ (produce) Longquan celadon's jade­like green.Plum green and light green, or tianqing (the color of the sky after a rain), are two colors of the best quality.Porcelain has also been a 6.____________ (carry) for cultural exchanges.In addition 7.____________ China's silk and tea, porcelain was one of the first products to receive worldwide trade. Porcelain began as a practical utensil (器具) and 8.____________ (gradual) became a form of art.Even when porcelain was broken into 9.______ (piece) and buried deep in mud, the cultural values 10.____________ (attach) to it would never disappear.As a memory that can be felt with both hands, porcelain is touchable history. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章通过描述制作陶瓷的过程以及介绍陶瓷的历史与文化价值来阐述陶瓷之美和特殊性。 1．解析：that/which。考查定语从句。句意：许多年前，黏土和火之间的交融产生了一件艺术品：瓷器，一件精致而易碎的艺术品。分析知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是artwork，在从句中作主语，用that或者which引导。故填that/which。 2．解析：was created。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在这个过程中，瓷器被创作出来。分析知，create作本句谓语，和主语porcelain之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数。故填was created。 3．解析：making。考查非谓语动词。句意：温度是制作瓷器的关键。the key to...为固定短语“……的关键”，to是介词，所以空处应填动名词作宾语。故填making。 4．解析：and。考查连词。句意：在高温下经过再一次的火焰烘烤使瓷器具有更大的硬度和更丰富的颜色。分析知，句中“greater strength”和“richer colors”是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 5．解析：to produce。考查非谓语动词。句意：龙泉青瓷的翡翠般的绿色需要72道工序才能生产出来。此处为固定句型：it takes...to do sth 意为“做某事花费……”。故填to produce。 6．解析：carrier。考查名词。句意：瓷器也是文化交流的载体。分析知，空前是不定冠词，所以空处应填名词作表语，空处表达“载体”之意，carrier意为“载体”符合语境。故填carrier。 7．解析：to。考查介词。句意：除了中国的丝绸和茶叶外，瓷器是首批接受世界贸易的产品之一。此处是固定搭配：in addition to意为“除了”。故填to。 8．解析：gradually。考查副词。句意：瓷器最初是一种实用器具，后来逐渐成为一种艺术形式。分析知，空处修饰动词became，应用副词修饰。故填gradually。 9．解析：pieces。考查名词单复数。句意：即使瓷器碎成碎片，被深埋在泥里，它所附带的文化价值也永远不会消失。分析知，空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，piece意为“碎片”，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填pieces。 10．解析：attached。考查非谓语动词。句意见上题。分析知，本句已有谓语动词，所以attach用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语values之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词作后置定语。故填attached。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 component n．成分，组成部分　boost v．使增长，使兴旺　involve v．牵涉，涉及 B篇 transform v．使改变形态，使改变外观(或性质)　categorize v．将……分类，把……加以归类　degrade v．分解，降解　version n．版本，变体　biodegradable adj.可生物降解的 熟词 生义 A篇 power 常用义：n.控制力，影响力→文章义：v.驱动，推动(机器或车辆) 核心 短语 A篇 wish for盼望，希望得到　make use of 利用　be composed of 由……组成 完形填空专项练(二) 第一组 A (2024·青岛高三模拟)When she was 86，Mom moved to our city.My husband，Kevin，and I found a lovely apartment for her.I was happy to help take care of her __1__ she arrived. The day after she moved in，she called me to __2__ about the food at the facility.“The pizza was like rubber.I couldn't __3__ it.”“Mom，you're complaining to me.Wouldn't it make more sense to tell someone who can __4__ the problem？”We hung up.This was only her second day here！And week after week，Mom found more to complain about. When with my friend Beth，I spent 20 minutes sharing how Mom's attitude __5__ me.“She seems __6__．After everything Kevin and I do for her，all we hear is what she doesn't like.”As the words spilled from my lips，I realized that I'd developed the same __7__ of complaining that annoyed me so much in Mom. I decided to keep a better watch on my __8__.Things went fine for a few weeks.But soon I felt powerless to __9__ by myself and couldn't help complaining to Beth about Mom's __10__ again. A few days later，I received a journal from my friend Torry.On the first page he had written，“Jeanette，I use such a journal every day to __11__ things I'm thankful for.”I wrote three things I was grateful for.__12__ filled my heart.Maybe this was it.It was a joyous __13__ that helped me overcome the complaining—gratitude. Over the next few months，as I continued，I noticed little things I'd __14__．Life was handing out gifts continuously，including Mom，complaints and all.I couldn't change her；I could only tolerate her and __15__ her. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。作者受到经常喜欢抱怨的母亲的影响也养成了抱怨的坏习惯，但她最终通过感恩克服了抱怨的习惯。 1． A．until B．after C．unless D．if 解析：选A。根据上文讲述的作者和丈夫为作者母亲找公寓和下文叙述的作者母亲总是向作者抱怨可知，此处是指作者很乐意照顾她，直到她搬来。until“直到……为止”符合语境。 2． A．ask B．argue C．care D．complain 解析：选D。根据空后对话中的“The pizza was like rubber”和“you're complaining to me”可知，该处表示作者母亲打电话向作者抱怨。 3． A．order B．eat C．prepare D．smell 解析：选B。根据上文“...she called me to ______ about the food...”可知，母亲打电话向作者抱怨食物很糟糕，所以母亲应是吃不下。 4． A．fix B．analyze C．raise D．discuss 解析：选A。作者认为母亲向自己抱怨是没有用的，应该找真正能解决问题的人去说。fix“修理，校准，校正”；fix the problem意思是“解决问题”。 5． A．tired B．confused C．annoyed D．scared 解析：选C。上段结尾说作者母亲仅来这两天就抱怨，而随着一周周过去，母亲抱怨的越来越多，因此作者在和友人交流时，应该是认为母亲的态度让自己很恼怒。本段最后一句的annoyed也是提示。 6． A．independent B．inactive C．uncaring D．ungrateful 解析：选D。由首段可知，作者和丈夫为母亲找了公寓，但她却不停地抱怨自己不喜欢的东西，因此该处表示母亲看起来是“不领情的”。 7． A．tradition B．habit C．routine D．idea 解析：选B。由语境可知，母亲经常抱怨，说明抱怨已经成为一种习惯，该空说作者发现自己也在抱怨，因此作者也养成了这种习惯。 8． A．teeth B．tongue C．head D．eyes 解析：选B。根据语境和常识可知，抱怨主要通过语言表达，所以可推知，此处表示作者决定说话更注意些。B项“说话方式”符合语境。 9． A．question B．communicate C．change D．reflect 解析：选C。上文说作者决定更注意(自己的)说话方式，下文又说作者依然在向朋友抱怨，说明作者无力改变这个习惯。 10．A．calls B．visits C．pizza D．apartment 解析：选A。由第二段可知，母亲对作者的抱怨是通过打电话进行的，因此此处作者向朋友抱怨的应该是母亲的电话。 11．A．prove B．write C．spread D．share 解析：选B。根据上文提到的journal“日志”和下一句中的“wrote three things”可知，此处是指写下感激的事物，故选B。 12．A．Frustration B．Confidence C．Patience D．Contentment 解析：选D。因为写的是三件自己感激的事，所以该处表示情感上的满足。contentment“满意，满足”符合语境。 13．A．journal B．discussion C．replacement D．invention 解析：选C。本句表达作者通过感恩来克服抱怨的习惯，故C项“替代品”符合语境。 14．A．recorded B．forgotten C．ignored D．abandoned 解析：选C。根据前文作者写下让其心生感激的三件事和空前的“little things”可知，该处表示之前被作者忽略的小事。 15．A．guide B．teach C．praise D．love 解析：选D。上文说作者开始用感恩来代替抱怨，空前说作者无法改变母亲，这说明作者只能包容她、爱她，故选D。其他选项不能突出“感恩”的意味。 B When you are storm chasing，most mornings you start off in a cheap hotel trying to remember where you ended up the night before.This morning, we were in Wichita, Kansas, midway through a project to __1__ the dramatic and destructive weather that travels across the middle of the United States every spring. We loaded the car with our __2__， and off we went, driving under cloudless blue skies for hundreds of miles.Then we reached the border of our targeted storm and entered a dark scene of clouds and occasional rain.As we __3__ the heart of the storm, we found ourselves __4__ with high winds, violent rain, and severe hail (冰雹)．Photographer Krystle, at the wheel，__5__ to get in front of the storm, but it was moving too fast.We could __6__ keep pace with it. Then we caught sight of something __7__， created by the storm: a rain­wrapped tornado half a mile to our right.The chaotic conditions made it __8__ for us to keep it in sight.We lost our cellphone signals and all the data we were desperately __9__ for communication.We couldn't see beyond 20 feet.That was when Nick, our expedition leader and weather expert，called，“We have to flee.” Krystle __10__ changed direction, driving the car north onto a country road，__11__the madness of that dangerous chase. We weren't done.After a stretch of clear skies, we found another __12__ waiting for us.This time, we __13__ to get in front of it, stopping to photograph it and racing back to the car to __14__ its extreme anger. A little past midnight, we let the storm go.We watched as the lightning­filled cloud rolled away，displaying the night sky—a beautiful __15__ for those reckless (不顾危险的) enough to seek it. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一行人追逐风暴并对其进行拍摄的故事，体现了不畏艰辛、勇于探索的精神和“风雨过后见彩虹”的心灵感悟。 1． A．recognize B．transform C．photograph D．forecast 解析：选C。根据上文中的“storm chasing”和倒数第二段中的“stopping to photograph it”可知作者一行人是要去“拍摄(photograph)”每年春天出现在美国中部的极具破坏性的天气。recognize认出；transform 使变形；forecast 预测。故选C项。 2． A．nutrients B．flavor C．equipment D．documents 解析：选C。由上文可知，作者一行人是要去拍摄风暴，结合常识和上文“loaded the car with...”可推知，他们需要带上拍摄装备。nutrient 营养品；flavor 风味，香料；equipment 设备；document 文件。故选C 项。 3． A．mentioned B．identified C．captured D．approached 解析：选D。根据上文“Then we reached the border of our targeted storm”以及下文“we found ourselves __4__ with high winds，violent rain，and severe hail (冰雹)”可知，此处指作者一行人逐渐靠近风暴，此时已经接近了风暴的中心。mention 提到；identify 辨认；capture 捕获；approach 接近。故选D项。 4． A．struggling B．comparing C．engaged D．filled 解析：选A。根据上文可知，作者一行人接近了风暴的中心，空后提到遭遇狂风、暴雨和冰雹。由此可判断，他们与这些恶劣天气作斗争。struggle with 意为“与……作斗争”。故选A项。 5． A．pretended B．accelerated C．deserved D．hesitated 解析：选B。根据空后的“get in front of the storm”和“it was moving too fast”可知，正在驾驶的摄影师克里斯特尔为了赶到风暴的前面需要加速行驶。pretend 假装；accelerate 加速，促进；deserve 值得，应得；hesitate犹豫。故选B项。 6． A．instantly B．gradually C．exactly D．hardly 解析：选D。根据语境及“but it was moving too fast”可知该拍摄团队的任务是要赶到风暴前面以便进行拍摄，但风暴的速度远超他们驾驶的速度，所以他们几乎追不上风暴。故选D项。 7． A．disgusting B．frightening C．annoying D．embarrassing 解析：选B。根据下文中的“a rain­wrapped tornado half a mile to our right”可知，作者一行人接下来看到了“令人害怕的(frightening)”一幕：一场被雨水包裹的龙卷风就在他们右边半英里处。disgusting令人讨厌的；annoying令人厌烦的；embarrassing 令人尴尬的。故选B项。 8． A．efficient B．contradictory C．fundamental D．tough 解析：选D。根据上文中的“chaotic conditions”以及下文“We couldn't see beyond 20 feet.”可知，混乱的处境使作者一行人视野范围有限，很“难(tough)”看清龙卷风。efficient效率高的；contradictory 相互矛盾的；fundamental根本的，基本的。故选D项。 9． A．dependent on B．absorbed in C．satisfied with D．curious about 解析：选A。结合常识和句中的“cellphone signals and all the data...for communication”可推知，他们极其依赖手机信号和数据来进行通讯。be dependent on 依靠；be absorbed in 全神贯注于；be satisfied with 满意；be curious about 好奇。故选A项。 10．A．deliberately B．frequently C．rigidly D．abruptly 解析：选D。根据上文描述的恶劣天气导致的混乱场面可知，此时情况十分紧急，故克里斯特尔听到指令“We have to flee”(我们必须逃离)后突然(abruptly)改变了行车方向。deliberately故意地；frequently频繁地；rigidly 严格地。故选D项。 11．A．predicting B．tolerating C．escaping D．witnessing 解析：选C。根据上文“We have to flee”“driving the car north onto a country road”及空后的“the madness of that dangerous chase”可知，此处应是指他们为了逃离龙卷风的疯狂追逐而把车开到一条乡间小路上。predict 预测；tolerate 容忍；escape 逃离；witness 目睹。此处escape与上文flee亦属同义复现，故选C项。 12．A．cloud B．storm C．car D．road 解析：选B。根据下文的“This time, we __13__ to get in front of it, stopping to photograph it”可知，作者一行人遇到了另一场风暴。故选B 项。 13．A．regretted B．devoted C．managed D．proposed 解析：选C。根据下文“to get in front of it, stopping to photograph it”可知，这一次他们设法赶到了风暴的前面，并成功拍照。regret 遗憾；devote 献身，致力；manage 设法做到，管理；propose 提议。故选C项。 14．A．calm B．ignore C．challenge D．avoid 解析：选D。根据上文的“racing back to the car”及空后的“its extreme anger”可知，作者他们跑回车里是为了避开风暴极度的愤怒。故选 D项。 15．A．reward B．excuse C．appetite D．thought 解析：选A。根据上文对作者他们不顾危险拍摄暴风雨的细节描写，再结合语境可知，“闪电密布的云消散后展现出的夜空”是对那些不顾危险追寻它(恶劣天气景象)的人的美丽奖赏。故选A项。 C (2024·惠州调研)One summer day, Bella, our pet dog, was in the bushes in our backyard making all sorts of noises.Our 11­year­old daughter, Kaitlin, discovered her sniffing and pawing at a __1__，where several caterpillars (毛毛虫) chewed. My husband and I quite worried that our backyard—a __2__ hangout of birds, squirrels, and neighborhood cats—wasn't the safest environment for __3__ caterpillars.So we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could __4__ transform themselves. Each day, when we took the butterfly house to the backyard, Bella __5__ with it.Each night, when we brought it back inside, Bella __6__， and then slept under the table on which it rested.We didn't know why Bella was so __7__， but she was there for every step of the budding butterflies' __8__. Finally, the caterpillars turned into beautiful queen butterflies.__9__， Bella didn't seem worried when Kaitlin __10__ them.In fact, Bella seemed to understand that this was part of the __11__.It wasn't until one last butterfly wouldn't fly away that Bella expressed __12__.She gently rested her head near the __13__ flier, which crawled onto her nose.Bella lifted her head, pointed her nose, and let out one of those breathy dog of __14__.Away flew the queen butterfly, moving her wings lightly up and down, seemingly needing a little __15__ from a friend to begin her migration. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。作者的宠物狗Bella在后院发现了几条毛毛虫，作者和丈夫担心后院的环境对毛毛虫来说不安全，于是给毛毛虫做了个蝴蝶屋。自此，Bella开始了自己的“守望”之旅，它每天护送毛毛虫从屋里到后院来回搬动，睡在蝴蝶屋下，看着毛毛虫破茧成蝶，最后看着它们飞走。 1． A．cave B．branch C．bone D．dustbin 解析：选B。根据上文中提到的in the bushes，并综合四个选项可推测Bella是在嗅树枝，并抓来抓去。 2． A．messy B．rare C．frequent D．noisy 解析：选C。根据语境可知，鸟、松鼠和附近的猫经常光顾作者的后院，所以这对毛毛虫来说会很危险。 3． A．delicate B．strange C．gentle D．delicious 解析：选A。根据常识可知，毛毛虫在这个阶段比较脆弱。 4． A．gradually B．comfortably C．safely D．easily 解析：选C。根据上文中的“wasn't the safest environment”可知，a butterfly house会确保毛毛虫可以安全地变成蝴蝶。 5． A．fought B．dealt C．agreed D．moved 解析：选D。根据下文中的“she was there for every step of the budding butterflies' __8__”可知，“我们”把蝴蝶屋从屋里移到后院的时候，Bella会一起出去，而当“我们”把蝴蝶屋从院里搬回屋里的时候，Bella会跟着回去。所以Bella会和毛毛虫一起移动。 6． A．followed B．left C．hesitated D．ignored 解析：选A。根据语境可知，“我们”会白天把蝴蝶屋搬到后院，晚上再搬回来，在搬运的过程中Bella一直在“我们”身后跟随着。 7． A．curious B．annoyed C．scared D．attached 解析：选D。根据下文中的“she was there for every step of the budding butterflies' __8__”可知，Bella与毛毛虫形影不离(attached)。 8． A．journey B．transformation C．tragedy D．flight 解析：选B。根据上文中的“we got a butterfly house where the caterpillars could __4__ transform themselves”可知，B项正确。transformation“变化，转变”。 9． A．Fortunately B．Delightfully C．Surprisingly D．Thankfully 解析：选C。根据下文中的“Bella didn't seem worried when Kaitlin__10__ them”，再结合上文中Bella与毛毛虫形影不离可知，Bella的这种表现是令人意外的。 10．A．eleased B．cupped C．hurt D．approached 解析：选A。根据上文中的“Finally，the caterpillars turned into beautiful queen butterflies”和常识可知，毛毛虫变成蝴蝶后就不适合待在蝴蝶屋了，Kaitlin会把它们放飞。 11．A．experiment B．adventure C．cycle D．rescue 解析：选C。分析语境并结合常识可知，此处解释了“Bella didn't seem worried”的原因，即它似乎理解这是生命周期的一部分。 12．A．love B．concern C．doubt D．gratitude 解析：选B。此处与上文中的“Bella didn't seem worried”形成对比，表示最后一只蝴蝶不愿飞走时，Bella开始担心了。 13．A．stubborn B．abnormal C．brave D．unwilling 解析：选D。此处是对“one last butterfly wouldn't fly away”的形容，即这是一只“不愿意”飞走的蝴蝶。 14．A．sighs B．cries C．cheers D．regrets 解析：选A。上文讲到Bella开始担心，与空前“Bella lifted her head, pointed her nose...”情感色彩一致，应当表示Bella叹了声气。 15．A．benefit B．hug C．understanding D．push 解析：选D。根据上文“Bella lifted her head, pointed her nose”可知，Bella抬起头，努努鼻子，蝴蝶才飞走，它似乎是需要朋友轻轻推一下才能开始迁徙之旅。 第二组 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A (2024·广东六校联考)Volunteering has been a way of life for me for the past five years since I was fifteen. In 2020，I __1__ with a newly founded social enterprise，which conducted cooking lessons for visually impaired (受损的) trainee __2__．I absolutely loved it as it involved meaningful __3__ with people and I was fully __4__ throughout the entire time I was there.This was unlike some other types of volunteering，which may involve mostly behind­the­scenes work that can get __5__ after a while. We called ourselves“sighted assistants”and each of us was __6__ with a visually impaired trainee chef.As a volunteer，I would walk with the trainee to the Enabling Village __7__，and then ensure their __8__ as they learned to cook a new dish.This included helping them __9__ the position of the sink，ensuring proper use of electrical appliances，__10__ boiling and hot objects，as well as being careful with knives among other things. Being there with them made me truly __11__ how difficult life can be when you are __12__ or completely blind.Every tiny task __13__ massive effort.There are so many people with __14__，I realised.While medicine still does not have the power to cure all of these conditions，we are never short of ways to empower these individuals by making life __15__ and more meaningful for them. [语篇解读]本文是夹叙夹议文。作者当志愿者为有视觉障碍的见习厨师学习烹饪提供帮助，这样的经历使作者体会到了他们的不易并领悟到一些道理。 1． A．met B．cooperated C．started D．volunteered 解析：选D。根据第一段“Volunteering has been a way of life for me for the past five years since I was fifteen”可知，在2020年，作者自愿(volunteered)加入一家新成立的社会企业，该企业为有视觉障碍的见习厨师提供烹饪课程。 2． A．managers B．volunteers C．chefs D．doctors 解析：选C。根据下文中的“a visually impaired trainee chef”可知，此处应选C项。chef“厨师”。 3． A．interaction B．appointment C．greeting D．conflict 解析：选A。根据下文中的“...walk with..., ensure their..., helping them...”可知，此处表示的是作者参加的此次志愿活动需要和志愿对象进行较多的互动(interaction)。appointment“约会”；greeting“问候”；conflict“冲突”。 4． A．confused B．engaged C．surprised D．disturbed 解析：选B。根据下文“I would walk with the trainee...being careful with knives among other things”可知，作者全程都要为厨师提供帮助，所以应是忙着的(engaged)。confused“困惑的”；surprised“惊讶的”disturbed“不安的”。 5． A．promising B．frightening C．challenging D．boring 解析：选D。此处作者是在把该项志愿活动与其他类型的幕后志愿活动作对比，结合语境及后文作者在此活动中感触诸多可推知，相比之下，其他幕后工作应是很快就变得无聊(boring)了。promising“有前途的”；frightening“令人恐惧的”；challenging“有挑战性的”。 6． A．faced B．compared C．paired D．equipped 解析：选C。根据上文“We called ourselves‘sighted assistants’”可知，作者作为助手应是为有视觉障碍的见习厨师提供帮助，即每个人都匹配了一名厨师。face“面对”；compare“比较”；equip“装备”；pair“配对”。 7． A．lesson B．enterprise C．room D．kitchen 解析：选D。根据常识可知，作者帮助有视觉障碍的见习厨师学习烹饪，此处应该表示去厨房。故选D项。 8． A．satisfaction B．safety C．pleasure D．success 解析：选B。根据下文“This included helping...among other things”可知，当有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪时，他们会遇到很多问题，而志愿者在身边会确保他们的安全(safety)。 9． A．leave out B．miss out C．figure out D．point out 解析：选C。根据空后的“the position of the sink”可知，此处表示弄清楚(figure out)洗碗槽的位置。由于志愿对象为视觉障碍者，所以point out“指出”不符合题意。leave out“不包括”；miss out“遗漏”。 10．A．avoiding B．touching C．approaching D．feeling 解析：选A。根据空后的“boiling and hot objects”及常识可知，应是避免(avoiding)接触沸腾和热的物体。touch“触摸”；approach“接近”；feel“感到”。 11．A．appreciate B．imagine C．predict D．think 解析：选A。根据下文中的“how difficult life can be when you are __12__ or completely blind”可知，作者通过此次志愿者的经历理解了视觉障碍者生活的艰难。appreciate熟词生义“理解；意识到；领会”。 12．A．temporarily B．partly C．accidentally D．originally 解析：选B。根据下文中表示选择关系的or可知，和他们在一起让作者真正体会到当部分(partly)或完全失明时，生活会多么艰难。 13．A．simplifies B．causes C．takes D．offers 解析：选C。根据上文“how difficult life can be when you are __12__ or completely blind”可知，失明使生活不容易，因此生活中的每一个小任务都需要巨大的努力。simplify“使简化”；offer“提供”；take“需要”。 14．A．disabilities B．difficulties C．determination D．power 解析：选A。根据文章内容及常识可知，作者意识到有很多都是残疾人。disability“缺陷，障碍”；difficulty“困难”；determination“决心”；power“力量”。故选A项。 15．A．luckier B．tougher C．happier D．easier 解析：选D。此处与上文的“how difficult life can be”相呼应，作者认为我们不缺少让这些人的生活变得更容易(easier)的方法。 B (2024·黄冈高三阶段性质量抽测)Our house was near a hospital.We lived downstairs and rented the upstairs rooms to outpatients in the hospital. One summer evening as I was __1__supper, there was a knock at the door.I opened it to see a truly awful­looking man.He was __2__ taller than my eight­year­old son.I would lose roomers by __3__such people.Yet his voice was __4__as he said，“Good evening.I've come to see if you have a __5__for just one night.I came for a treatment this morning.There is no bus until tomorrow morning.”For a moment, I hesitated, but his next words__6__me, “I could sleep in this rocking chair on the porch.My__7__ leaves quite early in the morning.” When I finished fixing supper, I asked him if he would __8__us.He politely refused.Later, I went out on the porch to talk with him.Soon I found this old man had an oversized heart in that tiny__9__．He told me he fished for a living to __10__his five children.He didn't tell it by way of __11__．He was __12__that no pain accompanied his disease though the disease affected his life to some degree.“Could I please come back and stay the next time I have a __13__？”he said as if asking for a great__14__before he left for his bus.I told him he was welcome to come again. Over these years, when he came to stay overnight with us, there was never a time he didn't bring us marine food.I know our family will always be grateful to have known him.From him, we learned what it was to __15__the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。作者留宿一位身材矮小但心胸宽广的男子的经历改变了作者的心境，使作者一家学会面对生活给予的一切，坦然接受不幸且带着感恩之心接受好运。 1． A．having B．preparing C．ordering D．finishing 解析：选B。根据第三段中的“When I finished fixing supper”可知，此处指作者在准备晚饭。A项“吃”，B项“准备”，C项“点(酒菜等)”，D项“完成”。故选B。 2． A．undoubtedly B．ultimately C．hardly D．surely 解析：选C。根据语境和9空所在句可知，此处指这位面目丑陋的男子个子不高，比作者八岁的孩子高不了多少。 3． A．putting up B．mixing with C．turning down D．picking out 解析：选A。根据后文的男子说想在作者家住宿一晚和“I hesitated”可知，作者担心让这样的客人住宿的话自己就会失去其他的房客，故选A。put up“让(某人)留宿”，mix with“使……混合”，turn down“拒绝(请求)，把音量调低”，pick up“捡起，拾起；开车接(某人)”。 4． A．small B．clear C．cold D．pleasant 解析：选D。本句中的Yet是解题的关键，与上文的awful­looking形成转折关系。由此可推知，此处应填表示褒义的形容词；又根据语境可知，此处指这么丑陋的男子声音还是很好听的，故选D。 5． A．room B．chair C．house D．garden 解析：选A。根据上文的“rented the upstairs rooms to outpatients in the hospital”并结合语境可知，这位男子是来住宿的，因此在问作者是否有房间可以住宿一晚。 6． A．delighted B．astonished C．convinced D．comforted 解析：选C。作者本来有些犹豫，但根据空后男子说自己可以睡在门廊的摇椅上并在第二天早早离开，作者信服了男子的话。故选C。 7． A．friend B．doctor C．train D．bus 解析：选D。根据上文的“There is no bus until tomorrow morning”可知，男子会在第二天一早乘坐公交车离开，故选D。 8． A．serve B．join C．approach D．help 解析：选B。根据语境可知，此处指作者做好饭后问男子是否愿意和他们一家一起吃饭，故选B。 9． A．body B．brain C．mind D．soul 解析：选A。上文提到这位男子个子矮小，此处指在男子小小的躯体内有宽广的心胸，故选A。 10．A．encourage B．adopt C．support D．teach 解析：选C。句中fished for a living指靠捕鱼养活五个孩子，故选C。support“养活，抚养”。 11．A．complaint B．doubt C．example D．attack 解析：选A。上文提到男子心胸宽广，所以他在讲述自己的生活时没有抱怨，故选A。最后一段的complaint亦是提示。 12．A．aware B．grateful C．determined D．guilty 解析：选B。根据空后的“...that no pain accompanied his disease though the disease affected his life to some degree.”可知，虽然疾病使男子的生活一定程度上受到影响，但他并没有因此而感到痛苦。所以可推知，男子依然心存感激。故选B。 13．A．sleep B．talk C．treatment D．commitment 解析：选C。根据上文的“I came for a treatment ”可知，这位男子是过来看病的，所以此处是他在问下次来看病的时候是否可以被允许还在此处住宿，故选C。 14．A．donation B．tip C．dish D．favor 解析：选D。结合语境尤其是上句话中的“Could I please come back”可知，男子语气客气，好像在求作者帮个大忙似的。 15．A．refuse B．accept C．recognize D．employ 解析：选B。男子的言行影响着作者一家，使他们学会无怨地接受坏的事情并感恩好的事情，故选B。 C (2024·杭州高三联合测试)It was more than two years since I'd been biking home from work and someone had opened a car door into the bike line, sending me flying like Superman.It caused my __1__damage. After that, I worked part­time at my full­time job.I could__2__only 20 hours a week.I'd hoped I would return to work __3__．But I didn't.After four hours of work, I'd go home and take a three­hour nap.__4__，my employer, unable to let me work part­time for long, __5__me. When I told a friend I might never __6__， he responded, “Well...your base intelligence is twice that of a normal person, so it seems to me that you just can't be a(n)__7__anymore.” I knew he meant well, but I was still __8__．He assumed that suffering brain damage meant I was less __9__than before.And I worried: Is that what everyone else thinks, too? About nine months ago, I was at a gathering of maybe a dozen __10__and one man mentioned he'd just left his job __11__a disability.He mentioned his disability and kept on talking, as __12__as I might say, “I ate bread for breakfast.” Nobody showed a reaction except I felt really __13__that he had the confidence to say it at all. I could __14__my disability at ease, I thought.That's a(n)__15__I could make. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。作者两年多前在骑车下班的路上发生事故伤到了脑部，工作能力受到影响，被迫离职，作者因此很沮丧。大约九个月前，作者参加了一个有十几个陌生人参加的聚会， 一名男士轻松地提及他之前因为残疾而离职的经历。作者很受触动，也从自己的悲伤中走了出来。 1． A．leg B．brain C．back D．neck 解析：选B。根据下文中的“suffering brain damage meant I was less __9__than before”可知，作者在骑车的时候被撞，造成了脑部(brain)损伤。 2． A．arrange B．spare C．process D．manage 解析：选D。根据语境和下文中的“After four hours of work, I'd go home and take a three­hour nap”。此处表示作者每周只能勉强上20小时的班。A项“安排”，B项“抽出”，C项“加工”，D项“勉强完成”，故D项正确。 3． A．cured B．protected C．strengthened D．rescued 解析：选A。结合语境和下文中的“After four hours of work, I'd go home and take a three­hour nap”可以推知，作者本希望自己能够痊愈(cured)，正常上班，但是结果并不是这样。 4． A．Obviously B．Eventually C．Suddenly D．Amazingly 解析：选B。结合常识和下文中的“my employer, unable to let me work part­time for long”可知，最终(Eventually)老板忍受不了作者在全职工作中的“兼职”模式，解雇了作者。 5． A．frightened B．disliked C．dismissed D．scolded 解析：选C。见上题解析。dismiss“解雇；免职；开除”。 6． A．return B．resign C．recover D．relax 解析：选C。根据上文内容可知，作者的伤对自己的影响很大，再结合下文提到的作者朋友安慰的话可知，此处应该是作者把自己可能再也不能恢复(recover)的担忧告诉了朋友。resign“辞职；辞去(某职务)”。 7． A．cyclist B．employee C．networker D．superhero 解析：选D。结合常识可知，此处是作者的朋友安慰作者的话，他认为作者的基础智力是正常人的两倍，所以这对他来说，作者只不过是做不了超级英雄(superhero)了。 8． A．frustrated B．confused C．regretful D．hesitant 解析：选A。but前后形成了转折，根据空前的“I knew he meant well”以及后文作者的担心可知，作者虽然知道朋友是好意，但这仍然打消不了自己内心的沮丧。 9． A．optimistic B．intelligent C．energetic D．healthy 解析：选B。此处是对上文中作者朋友所说的话“your base intelligence is twice that of a normal person”的解释，应该还是对智力做出了评估。 10．A．workmates B．engineers C．pioneers D．strangers 解析：选D。根据语境和下文中的“one man mentioned”可以推测，作者和这些人并不认识，故此处是参加了一个陌生人(strangers)的聚会。 11．A．in spite of B．because of C．in case of D．in terms of 解析：选B。结合句意可知，那名男子也因为(because of )残疾离开了自己的工作岗位。 12．A．casually B．confidently C．cheerfully D．carefully 解析：选A。根据语境和常识可知，此处表示那名男子提到自己的残疾时就像作者说到“I ate bread for breakfast”那样轻松(casually)。 13．A．annoyed B．excited C．surprised D．discouraged 解析：选C。结合语境和下文中的“had the confidence to say it at all ”可知，那名陌生男子坦然的态度让作者很惊讶(surprised)。 14．A．suffer B．hide C．discuss D．prevent 解析：选C。结合语境可知，作者从陌生人身上受到鼓励：自己也可以轻松地谈论(discuss)自己的残疾，这是自己可以做出的选择(choice)。 15．A．offer B．rule C．appointment D．choice 解析：选D。见上题解析。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$