Unit 3 Fit for life（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版2020）

Unit 3　Fit for life 重点词汇 (一)阅读常见词——记牢 1．gene 　　　　 n．基因 2．lifespan n．寿命，有效期(助记：合成词life＋span) 3．pulse n．脉搏 vi.搏动，跳动；洋溢着 4．physician n．医师，内科医生(联想：surgeon n．外科医生) 5．fundamental adj.十分重大的，根本的 n．基本规律，根本法则 (联想：essential adj.必不可少的) 6．substance n．物质；要点 (二)多义辨析词——认清 1．arise vi.(arose，arisen)发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生； 起床，起身 2．switch vi.& vt.转变；交换；调班 n．开关，闸；转变，改变 3．abuse vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂 n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 (三)核心必背词——用活 1．a contract for the supply of vehicles　　　　　 车辆供应合约 2．a means of communication 一种沟通方式 3．restore his sight 恢复他的视力 4．the relaxed pace of life in the country 乡间悠闲的生活节奏 5．under debate 在争论中 6．select ripe bananas 选择成熟的香蕉 7．artificial intelligence 人工智能 8．an outgoing student 一名性格外向的学生 9．look at the patient's skin and tongue 看看病人的皮肤和舌头 10．severe pains 严重的疼痛 11．a social phenomenon 一种社会现象 12．a symbol of traditional Chinese culture 中国传统文化的象征 13．come into widespread use around the world 在世界各地被广泛使用　　　 拓展词汇 1.special adj.特别的；特殊的；专门的→specialize/specialise vi.专门研究(或从事)，专攻→specialist n．专家；专业工作者 2．affect vt.影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动；使悲伤→affection n．喜爱；感情 3．normal adj.正常的；一般的→abnormal adj.反常的，畸形的 4．restrict vt.限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束→restriction n．限制，约束 5．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能→prohibition n．禁止；禁令 6．resist vt.抵抗；对抗→resistant adj.抵抗的，反抗的→resistance n．抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗 7．character n．性格；特点→characteristic n．特征，特点adj.典型的，独特的→characterize vt.以……为特色；具有……的特性 8．withdraw vi.& vt.脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出 vt.取(款)→withdrawal n．撤退；退回；取款 9．equip vt.配备；使有能力→equipment n．设备；装备 10．grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的→gratitude n．感谢；感激 11．disable vt.使失去能力；使残废；使无资格→disabled adj.有残疾的，丧失能力的→disability n．缺陷，障碍 12．disturb vt.使不安；打扰；搅乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的→disturbed adj.感到不安的 13．adjust vt.& vi.调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理→adjustment n．调整；调节→adjustable adj.可调节的 14．evident adj.明显的→evidently adv.明显地，显而易见→evidence n．证据，证明；物证，人证vt.证明，表明 15．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望→anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的→anxiously adv.不安地 16．infect vt.传染，染上，感染→infection n．传染，感染→infectious adj.传染的；传染性的；易传染的 17．relate vi.& vt.联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述→related adj.有关系的，有关联的→relation n．关系；叙述；亲属关系 重点短语 1．relate to　　　　　 　　　 涉及，与……有关(同义：be associated with) 2．prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事(同义：ban sb from doing sth; forbid sb to do sth) 3．put sth in place 准备就绪 4．without doubt 毫无疑问，的确(同义：There is no doubt that...) 5．go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事 (同义：spare no effort to do) 6．date back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今 (同义：date from，没有被动语态) 7．play a critical role in 在……中起关键作用 8．serve as 充当/作为……(同义：act as) 9．take the place of 代替(同义：replace) 10．be made of 由……制成(对比：be made from由……制成， 原材料不易被看出) 11．in addition to 除了……(对比：in addition 除此之外) 单元佳句 1．Ultimately，this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.(make＋it＋adj.＋to do) 2．As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately.(as引导时间状语从句) 3．After I lost my right hand in a car accident two years ago，I began to withdraw into myself，believing I would never be able to lead a normal life again.(分词短语作状语) 4．Needles are pushed into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated.(so that引导目的状语从句) 5．Up to now，more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified，each linked to a different part of the body.(独立主格结构) 6．For example，there are different theories trying to explain how it eases pain，but no agreement has been reached.(there be 句型；分词短语作定语) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。 2．然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何恰当地使用它的问题。 3．当我两年前在一起车祸中失去右手之后，我开始变得不爱与人交往，觉得自己再也不能过正常的生活了。 4．针头在这些部位扎入皮肤，这样健康问题就可以得到治疗。 5．到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每个穴位对应着身体的一个不同部位。 6．例如，有几种不同的理论试图解释针灸如何缓解疼痛，但没有达成一致。 词汇语境串记 　　My friend Mike once was outgoing．Unfortunately，he contracted a kind of severe disease，which changed him and his life.His life got into a mess.To relieve his anxiety，he became addicted to alcohol abuse．The physician who specialized in his disease warned him to restrict his drinking and adjust his attitude.Additionally，all of our friends went to great lengths to help him wrestle with the disease.We told him，“The modern technology does help you fight against the disease.You must have faith in yourself.”He was deeply affected by our actions and decided to make a change.Ultimately，his disease took a turn for the better.He was too grateful to express his thanks to those who helped him. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 我的朋友迈克曾经很外向。不幸的是，他感染了一种严重的疾病，这改变了他和他的生活。他的生活变得一团糟。为了缓解焦虑，他开始对酗酒上瘾了。专门研究他这种疾病的医生警告他限制饮酒，调整他的态度。此外，我们所有的朋友都竭尽全力帮助他对抗疾病。我们告诉他，“现代技术确实能帮助你对抗这种疾病。你必须相信你自己。”他深深地被我们打动，并决定做出改变。最终，他的病情开始好转。他很是感激，也向那些帮助过他的人表示感谢。 Ⅰ.默写单词(每空1分，满分20分) 1．contract 　　 vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同，合约 2．means n．方法，方式；财富，钱财 3．delete vt.删去，删除 4．restore vt.恢复；修复；使复原，使复位 5．ultimately adv.最终；根本上 6．fundamental adj.十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的 n．基本规律，根本法则，基础 7．pace n．发生的速度，节奏；步速；快节奏 vt.& vi.来回踱步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏 8．arise vi.发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生 9．debate vt.& vi.讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n．讨论，争论；辩论 10．withdraw vi.& vt.脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供；取(款) 11．patent n．专利，专利证书 adj.有专利的，受专利保护的 12．fuel vt.增加，刺激；给……提供燃料 n．燃料 13．switch vi.& vt.转变；交换；调班 n．开关，闸；转变，改变 14．clinic n．私人诊所；门诊部；门诊时间 15．severe adj.十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的 16．abuse vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂 n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 17．phenomenon n．现象 18．symbol n．象征；符号，代号 19．widespread adj.分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 20．department n．(医院的)科，部门，局，系 Ⅱ.默写短语(每空3分，满分30分) 1．relate to　　　　　 涉及，与……有关 2．prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 3．put sth in place 准备就绪 4．without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 5．date back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今 6．play a critical role in 在……中起关键作用 7．serve as 充当/作为…… 8．take the place of 代替 9．be made of 由……制成 10．in addition to 除了…… Ⅲ.词形变化填空(每空2分，满分38分) 1．Each product has a number for easy identification (identify)． 2．The disease is highly infectious．Close contact will increase the risk of infection．(infect) 3．It's normally much warmer than this in July; obviously, the temperature is abnormal．(normal) 4．There is no restriction on other aspects apart from wearing restrictive clothes.(restrict) 5．Don't relate me to Kate; she is not my relative and we have no relation at all.(relate) 6．He was disabled in a car accident and his disability prevented him from holding any job.(disable) 7．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip) 8．The young guy wanted to change his life anxiously．Because he knows anxiety comes from not being able to adapt himself to his own existence.(anxious) 9．The desks and chairs are adjustable and you can adjust them to the height of the students.The adjustment is not difficult to make.(adjust) 10．The material, which is resistant to many chemicals，has good resistance to shock.However, some building bosses resist using it because of high costs.(resist) Ⅳ.句式仿写(每小题4分，满分12分) 1．句型公式：so that引导目的状语从句 我对它们很好奇，所以一定要尽快回信，这样我就能做好准备了。 I'm so curious about them，so be sure to write back soon so that I can make good preparations for it． 2．句型公式：as引导时间状语从句 随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。 As time goes by，I gradually adjust myself to the school life. 3．句型公式：独立主格结构 他躺在那里，紧咬牙关，紧握双手，眼睛直视上方。(动作描写) He lay there，his teeth set，his hands clenched，his eyes looking straight up． 1．affect vt.影响(＝influence)；(疾病)侵袭，使感染(＝infect)；深深打动→affection n．喜爱 ·be deeply/greatly affected by 受……的影响；被……感动 be affected with 感染……疾病 ·have an effect/impact/influence on 对……产生影响 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)全球变暖正在对全球数百种动植物物种产生重大影响。 Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world. (2)得知你由于感染了重病而返回爱尔兰，我对此感到非常难过。(2020·浙江7月卷应用文写作) Learning that you have returned to Ireland because you are affected with a severe illness，I am terribly sorry about it. 2．means n．(pl.means)方法；方式；途径 by this means 通过这种方法 by means of 用……办法；借助……手段 by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以 by no means 决不，一点也不(置于句首，句子需部分倒装) 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Every possible means has been tried (try)，but none has worked. ＝All possible means have been tried (try)，but none has worked. (2)只有通过均衡饮食、定期锻炼，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。(建议信) Only by means of balanced diets and regular exercises can you keep your figure as well as stay healthy. 3．arise vi.(arose，arisen)起身；出现； (由……)引起；(因……产生) arise作“出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词problem/question/quarrel/argument等，无被动语态。 arise from/out of... 由……产生/引起；从……中产生 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)当我意识到我突破极限完成了这次具有挑战性的攀登时，成就感油然而生。 When I realized I had broken my limits to complete this challenging climb，a sense of accomplishment arose in me． (2)在任何情况下，你都不应逃避你生活中出现的任何困难。 In no case should you escape whatever difficulties arise in your life． (3)我们应该始终记住，许多交通事故都是由酒后驾车引起的。 We should always keep in mind that many traffic accidents arise from drunk driving． 【名师点拨】 　由arise想到的： ①rise vi.(rose，risen) 升起；起床；上升 ②raise vt.(raised，raised) 举起；增加；饲养，养育；筹集；提出 ③arouse vt.(aroused，aroused) 激起；唤醒 4．debate n．辩论；讨论，争论 v．辩论，讨论；仔细思考 ·a debate on/over/about... 关于……的辩论 under debate 正在讨论中 ·debate with sb on/about/over sth 和某人就某事辩论 debate wh­从句/wh­＋to do 讨论/辩论…… 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)There is a heated debate about/on/over whether some conventional customs should be abolished. (2)It has been reported that the country's health care reform is still under debate. (3)我们必须讨论应该采取什么措施来阻止空气污染。(环境保护) We must debate what measures should be taken to stop the air pollution． (4)在他和父母讨论了专业的选择后，他的父母推荐他选择数学专业。(学校生活) After he debated with his parents on/ about the choice of major，his parents recommended him to choose math major. 5．adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应→adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的 ·adjust (oneself) to (doing)... 适应……；习惯…… adjust...to... 调整……以适应…… ·make an adjustment(s) to... 对……作出调整 【多维训练】　写作迁移 由于我没有及时调整相关的信息，这给您带来了极大的不便，我写信向您道歉。(道歉信) ①I am writing to apologize to you for my not adjusting the relevant information in time，causing great inconvenience to you．(adjust；分词短语作状语) ②I am writing to apologize to you for my not making adjustments to the relevant information in time，which caused great inconvenience to you．(adjustment；定语从句) 6．grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的→gratitude n．感激之情；感谢 ·be grateful to sb for sth 因某事而感激某人 be grateful that... 感激…… I would be grateful if you could do... 如果你能……，我将不胜感激。 ·express/convey one's gratitude (to sb) for sth 因某事(向某人)表示感谢 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)如果您能接受我们的邀请并在节目中给我们提出宝贵的建议，我们将不胜感激。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) ①We will be grateful if you could accept our invitation and give us invaluable advice in the show.(grateful) ②We will appreciate it if you could accept our invitation and give us invaluable advice in the show.(appreciate) (2)得知你很快就要去美国了，我急切地写信对你的帮助表示衷心的感谢。 Learning that you're leaving for the United States soon, I'm eagerly writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help．(gratitude) 7．without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 beyond (any) doubt 无疑；确实 There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问…… 【多维训练】　写作迁移 毫无疑问，这些故事可以缓解我的压力，开阔我的视野。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) ①Without doubt，these stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons. ②There is no doubt that these stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons. 8．date back (to...) 追溯到 date back to＝date from 追溯到…… out of date 过时的，陈旧的 up to date 最近的，拥有最新信息的 fix/set a date for 确定……的日期 【多维训练】　用date相关短语填空/写作迁移 (1)我们保持掌握最新的发展情况。 We are keeping up to date with the latest developments. (2)中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。 ①Chinese tea­drinking culture has a long history which dates from/ back to more than 1，000 years ago．(定语从句) ②Chinese tea­drinking culture has a long history dating from/ back to more than 1，000 years ago．(分词短语作定语) 【名师点拨】 　date back (to)和date from一般只用现在时态，没有进行时和被动语态。 9．as 引导时间状语从句 ·as是连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。 ·with是介词，意为“随着”，后接名词或代词等＋分词、形容词或介词短语等构成with复合结构。 (教材原句)As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately. 然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)As time goes by，I gradually realize the importance of keeping a balance between study and health.(学校生活) →With time going by，I gradually realize the importance of keeping a balance between study and health.(with复合结构) (2)随着自然环境的破坏，野生动物正遭受着流离失所之苦。(动物保护) ①With natural environment damaged，wild animals are suffering the loss of their habitats.(with) ②As natural environment has been damaged，wild animals are suffering the loss of their habitats.(as) 10．so that 引导目的状语从句 ·so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便于；为了”，从句中通常有情态动词，其前一般不用逗号。常与in order that进行转换； ·so that也可引导结果状语从句，可译为“以至于”。 (教材原句)Needles are pushed into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated. 针头在这些部位扎入皮肤，这样健康问题就可以得到治疗。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)汤姆又没写完作业，因此史密斯先生愤怒地大叫了一声，眼里充斥着怒火。(愤怒表现描写) Tom didn't have his homework finished again so that Mr Smith let out a cry of anger，with his eyes shining with annoyance. (2)我想知道你能不能给我一些建议，这样我才能为在加拿大做更好的准备。(求助信) I wonder if you could give me some advice so that I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada. (3)通过做兼职工作，我能够得到一些宝贵的经验，以便于我可以更好地适应社会的发展和变化。 By doing the part­time job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society． 1.Not only does the traffic issue affect/have an effect on our daily life，but it also puts people's lives at risk.(交通出行) 2．I strongly demand that you (should) hire a tourist guide which is a good means of knowing more about the Forbidden City in detail.(建议信) 3．Seeing her husband pacing back and forth，the woman arose from her seat and asked him to stop.(动作描写) 4．Knowing that you have some difficulty in adjusting yourself to the new school life, I'm writing to give you some tips, which I hope will be of help to you. 5．Next time you visit our city，you must call me ahead of schedule so that I can make some necessary arrangements. [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生命处于危险之中。 2．我强烈要求你雇用一位导游，这是详细了解故宫的一个不错的方式。 3．看到丈夫来回踱步，那个女人从座位上站起来，让他停下来。 4．因为知道你在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难，所以我写信给你一些建议，希望能对你有帮助。 5．下次你来我们的城市时，你一定要提前给我打电话，以便我可以做一些必要的安排。 题组一　单句语法填空 1．John decided to wrestle with these problems in the following days. 2．We should equip our children with a good education. 3．They should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users. 4．They voted in favor of the prohibition (prohibit) of smoking in public areas. 5．Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. 6．Research shows that anxiety (anxious) may be related to lack of sleep. 7．I didn't plan to watch football matches at that time.I just happened to switch to another channel. 8．Take­out foods must be prohibited from entering school so that we can have a good environment. 9．Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to living (live) in the mountainous village alone. 10．We want to shock people into realizing that many smokers die all too soon from illness and diseases related (relate) to smoking. 题组二　多义词汇辨析 1．选出动词affect的汉语意思 A.(感情上)深深打动　B．影响　C．(疾病)侵袭；使感染 ①The researchers found that face­to­face interactions and conversations affect the creative process.(2021·全国乙卷)__B__ ②He didn't attend the conference because he was affected with high fever.__C__ ③She was deeply affected by the story，tears rolling down her cheeks.__A__ 2．选出动词arise的汉语意思 A.起床　B．由……引起　C．起身　D.出现 ①Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately.__C__ ②What problems do you think may arise when humans are cloned？__D__ ③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.__A__ ④As is known to all，traffic accidents often arise from carelessness.__B__ 3．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①At this point，it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans.(2021·浙江6月卷)vt.使有能力 ②Things are connected.Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas.(2021·天津3月卷)vt.增加，刺激 ③There is no solid evidence that the accused is guilty.adj.可靠的 ④I'd like to withdraw ￡250，please.vt.取(款) (一)应用文写作 [表达观点——周末是否上课] 近期，同学们在校园网的自由论坛上就“周末是否应该上课”展开了激烈的讨论，请你用英文写一篇调查报告，内容包括： 1．利与弊； 2．陈述你的观点。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①最近，我们学校就学生们是否应该在周末上课展开了激烈的争论。(there be句型) Recently，there has been a heated debate in our school about whether the students should have classes on weekends. ②毫无疑问，对于这个问题，不同的人有不同的看法。 There is no doubt that as to this issue，different people have different ideas. ③有些人不赞成上课。在他们看来，许多心理问题是由于太多的学习负担导致的。 Some people disapprove of having classes. In their opinion，many mental problems arise from too much study burden. ④其他人的想法截然不同。随着入学考试的临近，我们应该充分利用空闲时间进行复习，以便能够获得好成绩。(as) Others think quite differently. As the entrance examination is drawing near，we should make full use of free time to review so that we can gain high marks. ⑤在我看来，我们不仅要学会让自己适应繁忙的学校生活，而且也要好好休息。 From my point of view，we should not only learn to adjust ourselves to the busy school life but also rest well. 2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 Recently，there has been a heated debate in our school about whether the students should have classes on weekends. There is no doubt that as to this issue，different people have different ideas.Some people disapprove of having classes.In their opinion，many mental problems arise from too much study burden.However，others think quite differently.As the entrance examination is drawing near，we should make full use of free time to review so that we can gain high marks. From my point of view，we should not only learn to adjust ourselves to the busy school life but also rest well. (二)读后续写 [情感描写7——后悔与内疚] 形容词 guilty，regretful 副词 guiltily，regretfully 名词 guilt，regret 词块 ①much to one's regret/to one's great regret 令某人深感遗憾的是 ②sigh with deep/great regret非常遗憾地叹了口气 ③be full of guilt满是愧疚 ④let out a cry of regret发出后悔的喊声 ⑤with regretful tears in one's eyes眼含后悔的泪水 ⑥be full of guilt/be consumed with guilt 满心愧疚 ⑦a feeling of guilt 愧疚感 续写场景训练——我后悔和安妮吵架 1．看着安妮泪流满面的脸，我开始感到后悔和内疚。 Looking at Anne's face wet with tears, I began to feel regretful and guilty．(系表结构) 2．安妮发出后悔的喊声：“我真傻。” Anne let out a cry of regret, “I'm so silly.” 3．我还没来得及说话，她就冲了出去，留下我后悔不迭。 ①She dashed out before I could say a word, and left me dumb with deep regret．(动词＋介词短语) ②She dashed out before I could say a word, leaving me dumb with deep regret．(分词作状语) 4．我僵在那里，眼里含着后悔的泪水。要是我没和安妮吵架该多好啊！ I froze there, with regretful tears in my eyes．If only I had not quarreled with Anne！(with复合结构) 5．我满心愧疚，冲出去向安妮道歉。 With guilt and regret flowing in my mind, I rushed out to apologize to Anne.(with复合结构) 　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·山西省高三调研)With the cost of living in the United States soaring, more and more people are setting their sights on an international destination. Ecuador For real bargain hunters, Ecuador is cheap and safe with a very comfortable year­round climate.The cost of living for one person in the country is ＄750.Ecuador is geographically diverse with miles of endless beaches, hills and rainforests.Housing is economical with the average rent for one person costing around ＄307 per month. Costa Rica Costa Rica is the perfect place to live abroad without depleting (耗尽) your savings.The cost of living is around ＄893 and rent for one person runs approximately ＄406 per month.The tropical destination has cost­effective healthcare.The weather is gorgeous, the water is warm and the housing is highly affordable. Uruguay The country is exquisite (精美的)，offering nearly 400 miles of coast, rolling mountains and four distinct seasons.The cost of living is nearly half of what it is in the States at ＄1，090 and you can find a nice apartment at the reasonable price of ＄500 per month. Panama Panama could be a good option for anyone to live cheaply.The cost of living is under half of what it would cost in the U．S.at ＄1，040 for one person.Rent runs approximately ＄530 per month and food takes up another ＄353, but outside of that costs are minimal.The country has a mild climate and offers world­class beaches. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了随着美国生活成本的迅速上涨，人们将目光投向了四个生活费不高但幸福指数较高的国家。 1．Which country has economical healthcare? A．Ecuador. B．Costa Rica. C．Uruguay. D．Panama. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据Costa Rica部分中的The tropical destination has cost­effective healthcare.可知，哥斯达黎加拥有经济划算的医疗保健服务。故选B项。 2．What makes Uruguay special? A．Its reasonable rent. B．Its good bargains. C．Its diverse climates. D．Its cheap apartments. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Uruguay部分中的The country is exquisite (精美的)，offering nearly 400 miles of coast, rolling mountains and four distinct seasons.可知，只有乌拉圭拥有不同的四个季节，其他国家的气候都是温和的。故选C项。 3．How much is the cost of living in the United States? A．Close to ＄1，090. B．Around ＄750. C．Under ＄893. D．Above ＄2，080. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据Uruguay部分的The cost of living is nearly half of what it is in the States at ＄1，090和Panama部分中的The cost of living is under half of what it would cost in the U．S.at ＄1，040 for one person.可知，乌拉圭和巴拿马的生活费大约是美国的一半，故美国的生活费高于2，080美元。故选D项。 B (2024·长沙市雅礼中学一模)As a child, I never considered myself an athlete at all as I was very uncoordinated(不协调的)．However, I did love to run because I felt as if I was flying but this all changed two years ago when I suffered a knee injury.I was bedridden for two weeks and I had a difficult time moving even short distances.I literally cried myself on my way to the car for a few days. When therapy wasn't working well for me, I signed up for a hot yoga class for girls, Bikram Yoga to be exact.Starting a yoga practice was truly a godsend because it helped me gain strength in my knees but, most importantly, yoga helped me attain a more peaceful state of mind, body and spirit. Since each class was heated to 105°F, every time I stepped foot in the yoga studio, I'd feel a surge(涌起) of negative thoughts come upon me like a big ocean wave.Some of these thoughts were, in the beginning of my practice, so strong that I walked out of the class several times.However, as the months passed by, I noticed that when I didn't get swayed away by my negative thoughts, I could stay in the hot room for longer. After 3－4 months of practicing hot yoga, my arms and legs were beginning to get definition.I also woke up with so much more energy than I had before starting my yoga practice and I gradually started shedding the pounds from my body.Yoga literally made me feel as if I'd taken a shot of energy drink and just gave me that burst that helped my knees heal and made my overall health better. As I saw some of my classmates do poses that looked appealing to me, I started to think maybe I could do them too.Therefore, yoga helped show me that I have no real limitations physically unless I set those limitations myself through eating junk and thinking in negative limiting terms. Also, practicing yoga in front of a mirror helped me connect with myself and practicing with a group of people really helped me to feel a greater sense of connection with humanity whereas before I didn't.Overall, this yoga practice has helped me to see I'm part of a bigger picture in life! [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者膝盖受伤导致行动困难，报名瑜伽课程参加练习后，整体健康状况变得更好的经历。 4．What made the author sign up for the yoga class? A．Her currently disabled knee. B．Her being uncoordinated. C．Her failure to find her car. D．Her serious mental disease. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段“However, I did love to run because I felt as if I was flying but this all changed two years ago when I suffered a knee injury.”及第二段“When therapy wasn't working well for me, I signed up for a hot yoga class for girls, Bikram Yoga to be exact.”可知，作者报名参加瑜伽是因为她目前残疾的膝盖。 5．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 3? A．Lack of confidence prevented her doing yoga. B．The temperature was difficult to bear in yoga classes. C．She couldn't stand the pain the knee injury brought. D．She was greatly impacted by negative thoughts at first. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第三段“Since each class was heated to 105°F, every time I stepped foot in the yoga studio, I'd feel a surge(涌起) of negative thoughts come upon me like a big ocean wave.Some of these thoughts were, in the beginning of my practice, so strong that I walked out of the class several times.”可知，起初她很受消极思想的影响。 6．What effect did yoga have on the author? A．She did better than her classmates at school. B．Her physical and mental states have improved a lot. C．She has developed many healthy eating habits. D．Her social circle was widened in the yoga classes. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第四段“After 3－4 months of practicing hot yoga, my arms and legs were beginning to get definition.I also woke up with so much more energy than I had before starting my yoga practice and I gradually started shedding the pounds from my body.”及第六段“Also, practicing yoga in front of a mirror helped me connect with myself and practicing with a group of people really helped me to feel a greater sense of connection with humanity whereas before I didn't.”可知，在练习瑜伽之后，她的身体和精神状态都有了很大的改善。故选B。 7．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A．To share her experience in taking yoga classes. B．To call on readers to sign up for yoga courses. C．To present the benefits of practicing yoga regularly. D．To show readers the necessary skills needed to do yoga. 解析：选A。写作目的题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Overall, this yoga practice has helped me to see I'm part of a bigger picture in life！”可知，文章主要讲述了作者膝盖受伤导致行动困难，报名瑜伽课程参加练习后，整体健康状况变得更好的经历。由此可知，作者写这篇文章是想要分享她上瑜伽课的经历。 C (2024·武汉市武昌区高三质量检测)Despite living beyond 80s，“super­agers”have the physical ability and cognitive (认知的) function of people much younger, which has long been puzzling scientists.But researchers may have discovered why super­agers are able to stay so mentally sharp：The neurons (神经元) in their entorhinal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for storing memories, are much larger than those of their average peers.Furthermore these neurons show no sign of tau tangles (tau蛋白缠结), which limit the communication between neurons and are alarming signs of Alzheimer's disease. “To understand how and why people may be resistant to developing Alzheimer's disease, it's important to closely investigate the brains of super­agers，”said lead researcher Tamar D．Gefen, an assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioural sciences at Northwestern University.To make the discovery, the researchers examined the brains of six super­agers, seven cognitively average elderly individuals, six young individuals and five individuals in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. “The remarkable observation that super­agers showed larger neurons than their younger peers may imply that large cells were present from birth and are maintained structurally throughout their lives.We conclude that larger neurons are a biological signature of the super­ageing.”The researchers concentrated their studies on the entorhinal cortex as it's one of the first locations to be affected by Alzheimer's disease.The neurons that form this part were found to be bigger in super­agers than in all of the other groups in the study, even those who were 20 to 30 years younger.They were also found to be free from tau tangles. “In this study, we find that in Alzheimer's disease, neuronal shrinking in the entorhinal cortex appears to be a characteristic marker of the disease，”Gefen said. “We suspect this process is a function of tau tangle formation in the affected cells leading to the poor memory ability in older age.Identifying this contributing factor—and every contributing factor—is crucial to the early identification of Alzheimer's, monitoring its course and guiding treatment.” The researchers are now planning further studies to try and figure out why super­agers have such larger neurons. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。“超级老人”虽然已经年过八旬，但他们具有比他们年轻许多的人的体能和认知能力，科学家们对此进行了相关研究。研究发现，这些老人的内嗅皮层中的神经细胞比同龄老人的大，而内嗅皮层中的神经细胞萎缩是阿尔茨海默病的一个典型标记。这有助于科学家们了解“超级老人”为何拥有异于常人的能力。 8．What do researchers find about “super­agers”？ A．They have weak cognitive ability. B．They are likely to suffer Alzheimer's neurons. C．Tau tangles can be commonly found in their brains. D．Some of their brain neurons are larger than their peers'. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The remarkable observation...throughout their lives”可知，研究发现，超级老人比年轻的同龄人有更大的神经细胞，由此可知，D项“他们的一些大脑神经细胞比同龄人的更大”符合题意。 9．How did Tamar D．Gefen carry out his research? A．By observing the function of neuron formation. B．By limiting the communication between neurons. C．By examining the brains of multiple groups of people. D．By tracking the large cells in super­agers' brains from birth. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To make the discovery...of Alzheimer's disease”可知，为了这一发现，研究人员检查了6名超级老人、7名认知能力一般的老年人、6名年轻人和5名阿尔茨海默病早期患者的大脑。据此可知，Tamar D．Gefen是通过分组检查大脑进行研究的。 10．What does the underlined word “shrinking” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Adapting. B．Becoming smaller. C．Expanding. D．Growing flexible. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The neurons that...20 to 30 years younger”可知，研究发现，内嗅皮层中的神经细胞在超级老年组中比研究中的其他所有组都要大。结合该句中的“a characteristic marker of the disease”和常识可知，内嗅皮层中的神经细胞萎缩是阿尔茨海默病的一个典型标记。据此可推知，画线词义为“缩小”。 11．Which of the following is NOT yet identified by the researchers? A．Why super­agers are free from tau tangles. B．What typical signs of Alzheimer's disease are. C．Which part of the brain is in charge of memory storage. D．Whether large neurons are connected with super­ageing. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The neurons that...be free from tau tangles”可知，研究人员发现超级老人的内嗅皮层中的神经细胞比研究中的其他所有组都要大，这些神经细胞也被发现没有tau蛋白缠结，但文章中并未提及超级老人没有tau蛋白缠结的原因。故A项正确。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·广东六校联考)Science shows that stretching (伸展) is essential after exercise.Stretching lengthens and mobilizes the connective tissue around your muscles.What's more，stretching helps your blood flow and even relieves your stress.1.________ You could feel sick.You won't be surprised to know that when you exercise，you raise your heart rate for a period of time.While it's great to get that blood flowing，it's just as important to get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over.2.________ As your heart is beating faster and your body temperature is higher，you could pass out or feel sick if you stop too fast.Stretching after physical activity allows a gradual decrease at the end of the episode. Your muscles will likely become stiffer and more sore.When you exercise your muscles，it produces lactic acid (乳酸)，which is actually what causes your muscles to become sore.When you rest between periods of exercise，your body naturally breaks down that lactic acid.Is there one thing that helps your body get rid of that lactic acid？3.________ Stretching helps you distribute oxygen throughout your body，which can reduce lactic acid production and rid your muscles of any accumulation of lactic acid. 4．________ Flexibility is closely related to injury risk.Poor flexibility will cause you to have muscles that get tired more quickly and joints that are more likely to suffer from injury.Besides，your weakened range of motion will lead to less blood and nutrients to your joints.5.________ Sticking to stretching after physical activity can hopefully improve your flexibility. A．You'll be at risk of injury. B．You guessed it：stretching. C．You'll improve your flexibility by stretching. D．It does wonders for both your physical and mental health. E．This is also know in the fitness world as“cooling down”． F．There are harmful side effects if you don't stretch after exercise. G．That's why people often feel pain in their weight­bearing joints like knees and hips. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。科学研究表明运动后拉伸非常有必要。本篇文章介绍了人在运动后为什么要拉伸以及拉伸的好处。 1．解析：选F。空前讲到了拉伸的好处。根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处承上启下，应该会讲到运动后不拉伸的坏处。故选F项“如果你运动后不做伸展运动，就会产生副作用”。 2．解析：选E。根据空前的“it's just as important...workout is over”可知，E项“这在健身界也被称为‘降温’”符合语境，且E项中的“This”指代“get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over”。 3．解析：选B。空前提出一个问题：有没有方法可以帮助身体摆脱乳酸？接下来应该回答这个问题并呼应主题，故B项“你猜对了：拉伸”对空前的提问进行了回答，空后进一步对拉伸是如何帮助身体摆脱乳酸的进行了解释。 4．解析：选A。根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处应与前两段在逻辑上保持一致，也应该讲不做拉伸的负面作用，再结合空后的“injury risk”可知，A项“你将会有受伤的危险”符合语境。 5．解析：选G。根据空前两句内容可知，灵活性差会导致你的肌肉更快疲劳，关节更易损伤。除此之外，肌肉运动范围的缩小会导致关节的血液和营养供应减少。G项“那就是人们的负重关节(如膝盖和髋关节)经常感到疼痛的原因”符合语境。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 soar vi.高飞；飞腾　bargain n．便宜货；交易，协议 v．商谈；讨价还价　economical adj.经济的；节约的；简洁的　approximately adv.大约；近似　 gorgeous adj.华丽的　minimal adj.最小的，极少的；极小的 C篇 individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人　characteristic adj.典型的；独特的；特有的 n．特征；特点；品质　investigate v．调查；研究　crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 词缀 变形 C篇 structurally adv.在结构上→structure n．构造；建筑物 identification n．辨认；确认→identifiable adj.可辨认的；可识别的→identify v．认出；识别；确认 词缀 派生 A篇 geographically adv.地理学上，在地理上，地理方面→geographic adj.地理学的，地理的→geography n．地理(学)；地形，地势　affordable adj.价格合理的；买得起的→afford v．买得起；承受得住 核心 短语 A篇 at the reasonable price of 以……合理的价格　a good option for 对于……是一个很好的选择 C篇 be resistant to 抵抗……的；对……有反抗作用的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$