Unit 2 Sports culture（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版2020）

Unit 2　Sports culture 重点词汇 (一)阅读常见词——记牢 1．unintentionally　　　 adv.无意地，非故意地(助记：un­＋intentional＋­ly) 2．motto n．格言，座右铭(近义：saying) 3．boundary n．边界，分界线(近义：frontier) 4．literally adv.真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上 　5.humanity 　　　　　　n．(统称)人，人类；人性；人道，仁慈 6．session n．一段时间，一场；会议，开庭；学年 7．celebrity n．名人；名望 8．council n．政务委员会，地方议会；市政服务机构；委员会 9．league n．联赛；等级，级别 (二)多义辨析词——认清 1．rank vi.& vt.属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 n．地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 2．relay n．接力赛 vt.转发(信息、消息等)；播放，转播 3．handle vt.处理，应付；控制，操纵n.把手，拉手；柄 4．pour vt.& vi.倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流倾泻；下大雨； 不断涌向(或涌现) (三)核心必背词——用活 1．make joint efforts　　　　　　　　　　　　 共同努力 2．proceed to become the world champion 继续成为世界冠军 3．light the Olympic flame 点燃奥林匹克圣火 4．the secret of her consistent good performance 她一直表现良好的秘诀 5．the upward trend for Chinese sport 中国体育的上升趋势 6．fellow workers 同事 7．work as an amateur journalist 做一名业余记者 8．tears pouring down his cheeks 眼泪从他的脸颊上流下来 9．sports idioms 体育习语 10．make an unfair and cruel remark 发表不公平、残酷的言论　 拓展词汇 1.participate vi.参加，参与→participation n．参加，参与→participant n．参与者 2．compete vi.参加比赛；竞争→competitor n．竞争者→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的 3．race n．种族；赛跑→racial adj.种族的；种族间的 4．diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的→diversity n．多样性 5．motivate vt.激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因→motivation n．动机；积极性 6．demonstrate vt.表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi.游行示威→demonstration n．示范；证明；示威，游行 7．applaud vi.& vt.称赞，赞许；鼓掌→applause n．鼓掌；喝彩 8．elect vt.选举，推选→election n．选举，推选；当选 9．faith n．信心；宗教信仰→faithful adj.忠实的→faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地 10．ambition n．追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的→ambitiously adv.有野心地 11．identify v．确定；鉴定→identity n．身份；同一性→identical adj.完全同样的→identification n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明 12．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 13.limit n．限度，限制；限量，限额；界限vt.限制，限定；限量，减量→limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limitation n．范围；限制 14．oppose vt.反对→opposing adj.对抗的；相反的→opposed adj.强烈反对的；截然不同的→opponent n．对手，竞争者；反对者 15．complain vi.& vt.抱怨，投诉→complaint n．抱怨 16．cruel adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的→cruelty n．残酷，残忍→cruelly adv.残酷地 重点短语 1．realize one's dream　实现梦想(同义：make one's dream come true) 2．track and field 田径运动 3．in the process of 在……过程中 4．walk on air 欢天喜地，得意扬扬(同义：on top of the world) 5．side by side 肩并肩地，一起；相互支持 (联想：shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地；齐心协力) 6．pick up 捡起；获得；收拾；(汽车；飞机)乘载；不费力地学会 7．find one's way into 偶然来到，无意中处于 8．die out 灭绝(同义：go extinct) 9．bring...back to life 使……复活 10．participate in 参加(同义：take part in，join in) 11．be identical to 与……一样(反义：be different from 与……不同) 12．reflect on 反省 单元佳句 1.It was a Frenchman，Pierre de Coubertin，who brought the Olympics back to life.(强调句型) 2．His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace.(that引导表语从句) 3．I ran my race relaxed and confident，even though my limits were being tested like never before.(even though引导让步状语从句) 4．If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests，they are said to have scored an own goal.(which引导限制性定语从句) 5．When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own，the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight.(too...to...) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．是一个名叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重获生机。 2．他的梦想是奥运会可以帮助不同种族、不同文化的人们和平地生活在一起。 3．我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。 4．如果某人犯了一个严重的错误，无意中损害了自己的利益，他们就被称为“进了乌龙球”。 5．当一名拳击手输得很惨，并且因太累或思维太混乱而无法自己宣告放弃时，教练就会扔一条毛巾到擂台上，示意比赛结束。 词汇语境串记 　　Jack，an amateur sportsman，participated in diverse competitions and demonstrated his ambition and faith． At the beginning，he took up track and field．He was always the first to do training in the playground.His consistent efforts paid off，ranking first in a half­marathon.Afterwards，he took an interest in the men's 100­meter hurdles，which was difficult to make a breakthrough.But he didn't throw in the towel．In the end，he defeated all the opponents in a match.When rewarded with a prize，he couldn't help bursting into tears.His motto was：Win with humility，lose with grace，and do both with dignity． Jack was also an unselfish man.He committed himself to doing voluntary work to help people in need and called on others to participate in this kind of activity.Motivated by his spirit，more people began to do the identical cause.He held a firm belief that only by joint efforts and solidarity could we build a more harmonious world. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 杰克是一名业余运动员，他参加了不同的比赛，展示了他的雄心和信念。 起初，他喜欢田径运动。他一直是第一个在操场上开始训练的人。他一贯的努力得到了回报，在半程马拉松比赛中排名第一。后来，他对难以取得突破的男子100米跨栏产生了兴趣。但他并没有认输。最后，他在一场比赛中击败了所有的对手。当接受颁奖时，他不禁哭了起来。他的座右铭是：胜不骄，败不馁；可论胜败，不可失了尊严。 杰克还是一个无私的人。他致力于做志愿工作，帮助有需要的人，并呼吁其他人参加这类活动。在他的精神的激励下，更多的人开始做同样的事业。他坚信，只有共同努力和团结，才能建立一个更加和谐的世界。 Ⅰ.默写单词(每空2分，满分30分) 1．joint　　　 adj.联合的，共同的 n．关节；接合处 2．proceed vi.接着做，继而做；继续从事(或进行)；行进，前往 3．consistent adj.一致的，始终如一的；连续的 4．rank vi.& vt.属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 n．地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 5．trend n．趋势，趋向 6．identical adj.完全同样的 7．fellow adj.同类的，同情况的，同伴的 n．同辈，同类；男人，家伙 8．cheek n．面颊，脸颊 9．gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 10．session n．一段时间，一场；会议，开庭；学年 11．pour vt.& vi.倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨 12．grace n．高雅，文雅；优美；风度，体面 13．dignity n．尊严；自尊；高贵 14．handle vt.处理，应付；控制，操纵 n．把手，拉手；柄 15．remark n．谈论，言论 vi.& vt.说起，评论 Ⅱ.默写短语(每空2分，满分20分) 1．realize one's dream 实现梦想 2．track and field 田径运动 3．in the process of 在……过程中 4．side by side 肩并肩地，一起；相互支持 5．pick up 捡起；获得；收拾；(汽车；飞机)乘载；不费力地学会 6．die out 灭绝 7．bring...back to life 使……复活 8．participate in 参加 9．be identical to 与……一样 10．reflect on 反省 Ⅲ.词形变化填空(每空2分，满分40分) 1．No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause (applaud)． 2．Thomas behaves consistently well.His words are consistent with his action.(consist) 3．One of the ambitious (ambition) young man's ambitions is to build a school in the poor village. 4．The enemy killed the soldier cruelly, whose cruelty aroused people's anger.(cruel) 5．Limited resources are restricting our capacity for developing new products, so we must find ways to break the limitation．(limit) 6．To ensure that you go to the trip relaxed, we recommend that you take out travel insurance (insure) on all holidays. 7．It is selfish of him to leave all the work to you.In fact, he always considers himself selfishly．(self) 8．Hilton remained strongly opposed to the idea of moving abroad while the others, as the opposing side, expressed opposition to it.(oppose) 9．I have faith in him because he has served us faithfully for many years，and I think he is a faithful and honest friend.(faith) 10．The competition is very fierce—hundreds of competitors are competing for 56 medals, so I regret having taken part in this competitive game.(compete) Ⅳ.句式仿写(每小题5分，满分10分) 1．句型公式：too...to... 母亲感动得眼泪流了下来，伸出双臂搂住她的孩子们。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) The mother was too moved to control her tears and threw her arms around her children. 2．句型公式：that引导表语从句 让他们失望的是，他们第一次尝试就没能做好母亲节早餐。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) What made them disappointed was that they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt． 1．participate vi.参加；参与→participant n．参加者；参与者→participation n．参加；参与 participate in＝take part in＝join in 参加 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)我认为参加英语演讲比赛对你来说是一个好机会。(建议信) As far as I'm concerned it is a good chance for you to participate in the English Speaking Competition. (2)我衷心希望更多的人能够参与到保护海洋的活动中来。(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) I sincerely hope that more people will take part in the activities of protecting the oceans． 2．compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的；有竞争力的→competitor n．竞争者 compete in 参加……的比赛；在……方面竞争 compete for 为……而竞争 compete with/against 和……竞争 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)As the youngest competitor，John will compete in the writing competition for the annual award of writing.He must be very competitive so that he can win.(compete) (2)人生就像一场漫长的竞赛，我们与别人竞争，以超越自己。(比喻；主旨升华) Life is like a long race in which we compete with/ against others to go beyond ourselves． 3．rank n．地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排列成行 ·the first rank 一流的 ·rank...as... 把……评为……；把……分等级 rank high/first 名列前茅/第一 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking (rank) them by similarity. (2)They rank him as a realistic painter，who has gained a good reputation. (3)得知你在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖，我写信表示衷心的祝贺。(祝贺信) Learning that you ranked first in the English speech competition held last week，I am writing to express my sincere congratulations. 4．limit n．限度；限制 vt.限制；限定→limited adj.有限的；受限制的→limitless adj.无限的；无尽的→limitation n．范围；限制 ·set a limit to/on 限制…… beyond the limit 超过限度 without limit 无限制地 There is a/no limit to (to为介词)……是有限的/无限的 ·limit...to... 把……限定在……范围内 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)As time is limited (limit)，I've been asked to limit my speech to 5 minutes maximum. (2)自然资源如此有限，我们没有理由无限制地浪费它们。(倡议书) The natural resources are so limited that we have no reason to waste them without limit． (3)此外，投稿的文章应该被限制在500字以内，并且只能用英语书写。(征文) Besides, essays contributed are supposed to be limited within 500 words and written in English only. 5．remark n．[C]谈论，言论 vi.& vt.说起，评论→remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 ·make remarks/a remark on/upon/about... 就……发表评论/意见 ·remark on/upon 对……进行评论 【多维训练】　写作迁移 我们都同意他提出的建议：不要评论别人的私事。 ①We are all in favor of his suggestion that we shouldn't remark on/ upon others' private affairs．(remark v．) ②We are all in favor of his suggestion that we shouldn't make remarks/ a remark on/ upon others' private affairs．(remark n．) 6．call on sb to do sth 正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事 call up 给……打电话；使想起 call off 取消 call for 要求；需要；去接某人 call at 拜访(地点) call in 邀请；请来 call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求 【多维训练】　介、副词填空 My best friend called me up to tell me our conference was called off．So we made an appointment to call at her home.When I called on my best friend，I caught sight of a picture at her home which called up memories of our class trip. 7．too＋adj./adv.＋to... ·too＋adj./adv.(for sb)＋to do sth 表示否定的意义，意为“太……而不能”。 ·当“too...to...”结构用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，表示肯定意义，意为“非常”。 ·can't/can never...too...再怎么……也不过分。 (教材原句)When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own，the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight. 当一名拳击手输得很惨，并且因太累或思维太混乱而无法自己宣告放弃时，教练就会扔一条毛巾到擂台上，示意比赛结束。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 得知您对长城感兴趣我非常高兴。长城太壮观而不容错过。正如一句老话所说：“不到长城非好汉。” 因此，我怎么强调爬长城的意义都不过分。(旅游景点介绍) ①I am too pleased to learn that you are keen on the Great Wall.The Great Wall is ②too spectacular to miss．Just as an old saying goes，“He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” So ③I can't/ can never stress the significance of climbing the Great Wall too much． 8．wish 后接虚拟语气 ·wish后跟从句时常用虚拟语气，表示不太现实或不太可能实现的愿望。 ·wish后面从句中的谓语动词形式为： ①did/were(表示与现在事实相反) ②had done/been(表示与过去事实相反) ③would/could/might＋动词原形(表示与将来事实相反) (教材原句)Thankfully, goalposts do not really move—but when a player scores an own goal，he or she might wish they did. 谢天谢地，门柱并不会真的移动——但当球员踢进乌龙球时，他或她说不定会希望球柱真能移动。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)艾伦是一个很棒的舞者。我希望我跳得和她一样好。 Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish (that) I danced as well as her． (2)很少听到有人说：“我真希望那个演讲者讲得再长一些。”(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) It's rare to hear someone say，“I wish (that) the speaker had spoken longer．” (3)我多么希望他们的父亲来了，不知不觉地我转过头来，看向门口。 How I wished their father had come, and I unconsciously turned my head to look at the entrance. (4)我希望我的儿子明天真诚地向他的老师道歉。 I wish that my son would/ could/ might sincerely apologize to his teacher tomorrow． 1.Hopefully，you can participate in the game，as your participation can surely help us win the championship. 2．What's more, she is also ranked top in academic study and often devotes her spare time to helping others. 3．You are required to limit your essay within 800 words.If your essay is beyond the limit，it will not be accepted.(征文) 4．As the old saying goes，“It's never too late to learn.” 5．He made no remark，but a trace of smile crept onto his face.(2022·浙江1月卷) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．希望你能参加比赛，因为你要参加的话肯定能帮助我们赢得冠军。 2．更重要的是，她在学术研究中排名第一，而且经常在业余时间帮助别人。 3．要求你的文章限制在800词以内。如果你的文章超过限度，将不被采纳。 4．正如谚语所说，“活到老，学到老。” 5．他一言不发，但脸上渐渐露出了一丝微笑。 题组一　单句语法填空 1．He complained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated. 2．They made a complaint (complain) of injustice in the way they had been treated. 3．On several occasions she had remarked on/upon the boy's improvement. 4．Many graduates are competing against/with each other for a job. 5．We must limit the expenses to what we can afford. 6．Since the new models are expensive, they're likely to appeal only to a limited (limit) market. 7．Motivated (motivate) by the movie, many students in my class study harder than ever before. 8．The media played an important part in the last election (elect)． 9．My friend, Jim, has the opposing (oppose) view, believing the situation will turn better. 10．Electricity lines to 30，000 homes were gradually (gradual) being restored within 24 hours. 题组二　多义词汇辨析 1．选出句中demonstrate的词性及含义 A．vt.示范，演示　B．vi.游行示威　C．vt.表现，表露　D．vt.证实，证明 ①You need to demonstrate more self­control.__C__ ②This was demonstrated in a laboratory experiment with rats.__D__ ③At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.(2021·天津卷)__A__ ④They are demonstrating in favour of free higher education.__B__ 2．选出句中handle的词性及含义 A．n.把手，拉手；柄　B．vt.处理，应付　C．vt.控制，操纵 ①I turned the handle and found the door was open.__A__ ②We all have to learn to handle stress.__B__ ③In the beginning, I didn't know how to handle such a large car.__C__ 3．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.(2021·全国乙卷)vi.不断涌向 ②He is seriously ill，and this condition can lead to severe joint pain.n.关节 ③The game was relayed by satellite to audience all over the world.v.播放，转播 (一)应用文写作 [告知信——越野赛跑] 假定你是李华，上周日你参加了学校举办的5公里越野赛跑活动。请你写信向你的笔友Tom告知此事，内容包括： 1．参加人员； 2．参赛过程； 3．活动反响。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①上周日，我参加了我们学校组织的一场5公里越野赛跑。 Last Sunday I participated in a 5 kilometers cross­country running race organized by our school. ②包括我所有的老师和大部分同学在内的所有参赛者都尽力争夺金牌。 All the participants, including all my teachers and most of students, tried their best to compete with/ against each other for gold medals. ③当接近终点线时，我太累了不能继续下去，甚至想放弃。 As I approached the finish line，I was too tired to continue，and even wanted to give up. ④我很自豪我坚持了下来，并在这次比赛中排名第二。(宾语从句) I was proud that I persisted and ranked second in this race. ⑤学生和老师们都说，这次比赛对参赛者的身心有很大好处。(宾语从句) Both students and teachers remarked that the race was of great benefit to the participants，physically and mentally. 2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 Dear Tom， Last Sunday I participated in a 5 kilometers cross­country running race organized by our school. All the participants, including all my teachers and most of students, tried their best to compete with/against each other for gold medals.However，as I approached the finish line，I was too tired to continue，and even wanted to give up.I was proud that I persisted and ranked second in this race. At last，both students and teachers remarked that the race was of great benefit to the participants，physically and mentally. Yours， Li Hua (二)读后续写 [情感描写6——尴尬与羞愧] 形容词 embarrassed，awkward，ashamed， embarrassing 动词 embarrass 名词 embarrassment，awkwardness，shame 词块 ①in/with embarrassment 尴尬地 ②with/in shame 羞愧地 ③be struck dead with shame 尴尬得要死 ④blush with shame 羞愧得脸红 ⑤one's face glowed with embarrassment窘得满脸通红 ⑥hide one's inner embarrassment 掩饰内心的尴尬 续写场景训练——妻子羞愧地面对丈夫 1．“她真的是一个有爱心的人。”她丈夫声音颤抖地说，涨红的脸上写满了尴尬。 “She was truly a caring woman，” her husband said with a trembling voice, embarrassment written on his red face．(独立主格结构) 2．听到这话，女人羞愧地坐在那里，觉得两颊滚烫。 Hearing that, the woman sat there, ashamed, feeling her cheeks burning．(形容词作状语＋非谓语动词作状语) 3．她怎么会对这样一个有爱心的女士发怒呢？ How could she be angry with such a caring lady? 4．她从椅子上站起来，迟疑了一会儿，想着如何掩饰内心的尴尬。 She rose from her chair, and hesitated for a moment, wondering how to hide her inner embarrassment．(名词作宾语) 5．她垂下双眸，盯着自己的脚，希望没有人会注意到她有多尴尬。 She dropped her eyes and stared at her feet, hoping no one would notice how embarrassed she was．(形容词作表语) 6．她两颊通红，甚至没有勇气直视丈夫的眼睛。 With the color flooding her cheeks, she even had no courage to look into her husband's eyes． 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·辽宁省县级重点高中联合体模拟)Ida Keeling had grown up poor in Harlem and done hard, grinding work in factories during the Great Depression.She had lost her husband early to a heart attack, and two of her four children—both of her sons—died in accidents.Keeling had sunk into a deep depression.Her health had begun to slide and her daughter, Cheryl, began to worry that she soon might be losing her mother as well. Keeling's daughter is a lifelong athlete.That may be what would pull her mother out from under her dark cloud.She suggested a run.Not just a jog around the block, but an official run.At the time, Ida Keeling was 67. It had been decades since Keeling had done any running, and she would later recall that the first “mini­run” was wonderful.“I just threw off all my bad memories，” Keeling says.She hasn't stopped running since, and it's no longer the difficulty it was during that first meet.Since then, Keeling has set records for 60 meters in the 95－99 age group, and in 100 meters for the over 100 group.“I was just exercising，” she says, “and now I'm all over the world.” When she's not running, she's working out.She's in the gym three to four days a week, running, working out with weights and pedaling on the exercise bike—and even exercising while she's cooking.Part of her healthy diet is an occasional dose of red wine mixed with her coffee or water to aid blood circulation.She's written a book about her experiences, titled Can't Nothing Bring Me Down: Chasing Myself in the Race Against Time.Her philosophy is also fit for a runner: “Every day is another day forward.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Keeling在67岁时开始尝试跑步。跑步不仅锻炼了她的身体， 而且使她忘掉了自己的烦恼。 1．Why did Keeling start to run at an old age? A．She wanted her daughter getting out of dark cloud. B．She wanted to learn from her daughter. C．Cheryl persuaded her to do so. D．Cheryl wanted her to be a lifelong runner. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“Keeling's daughter is a lifelong athlete.That may be what would pull her mother out from under her dark cloud.She suggested a run.”可知，Keeling的女儿认为跑步能让母亲从悲伤中解脱出来，因此她建议母亲跑步。 2．How did Keeling feel about her first “mini­run”？ A．Pleased. B．Curious. C．Annoyed. D．Proud. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“It had been decades since Keeling had done any running, and she would later recall that the first ‘mini­run’ was wonderful.”可知，在Keeling的第一次迷你跑中，她感到很愉悦。 3．What can we infer about Keeling from the last paragraph? A．She used to live a hard life. B．She spends much time writing. C．She is very fond of cooking. D．She is very active in sports. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“When she's not running, she's working out.She's in the gym three to four days a week, running, working out with weights and pedaling on the exercise bike—and even exercising while she's cooking.”可推断，Keeling在运动上是非常积极的。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Early hard life of Keeling B．The benefit of running for Keeling's later life C．The significance of caring for old people D．Every day is precious for old people 解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据全文可知，文章主要讲述Keeling晚年开始跑步，跑步给她带来了意想不到的好处。所以“The benefit of running for Keeling's later life”作为文章标题最为合适。 B (2024·河北省衡水市部分重点高中模拟)Regular physical activity had nearly doubled cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits in individuals with depression or anxiety, compared with individuals without these diagnoses, according to a study presented at the American College of Cardiology's 71st Annual Scientific Session. The research findings add to mounting evidence that exercise improves cardiovascular health by helping to activate parts of the brain that counteract stress.Overall, the study found that people who achieved the recommended amount of physical activity per week were 17% less likely to suffer a major harmful cardiovascular event than those who exercised less.These benefits were significantly greater in those with anxiety or depression, who had a 22% risk reduction vs.a 10% risk reduction in those without either condition. “The effect of physical activity on the brain's stress response may be particularly relevant to those with stress­related mental conditions，” said Hadil Zureigat, MD, postdoctoral clinical research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital and the study's lead author.“This is not to suggest that exercise is only effective in those with depression or anxiety, but we found that these patients seem to get a greater cardiovascular benefit from physical activity.” Rates of both depression and anxiety have risen during the outbreak of flu, and heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the US.The study findings underline the important role of exercise in maintaining heart health and reducing stress, according to the researchers. “Any amount of exercise is helpful, particularly for those with depression or anxiety，” Zureigat said.“Not only will physical activity help them feel better, but they will also significantly reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease.It can be hard to make the transition, but once achieved, physical activity allows those with these common chronic (慢性的) stress­related mental conditions to hit two birds with one stone.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了锻炼对患有抑郁症或焦虑症的人的心血管的益处。 5．Who can get the most cardiovascular benefit from regular exercise? A．Someone with little brain capacity. B．Someone with abnormal heart rates. C．Someone diagnosed with depression. D．Someone with fear­related mental conditions. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知，与没有抑郁症或焦虑症的人相比，有规律的体育锻炼给有这些症状的人的心血管带来的益处是翻倍的。 6．What does the underlined word “counteract” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Double. B．Resist. C．Awaken. D．Transport. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据语境可知，研究结果进一步证明，锻炼有助于激活大脑中抵抗压力的部分，从而改善心血管健康状况。由此可推知，counteract意为“抵抗”。 7．Which of the following may the findings support? A．Physical exercise is vital to mental health. B．Physical exercise can cure those people of flu. C．Exercise merely works for those with depression. D．Exercise accelerates the recovery of all mental patients. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段可知，研究结果强调了锻炼在保持心脏健康和减轻压力方面的重要作用。 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Physical Activity Can Prevent Chronic Disease B．Heart Disease Remains the Leading Cause of Death C．Rates of Depression Have Risen During the Outbreak of Flu D．Workout Is Very Good for Stress­related Patients' Cardiovascular Health 解析：选D。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了锻炼对有心理压力相关问题的患者的心血管健康有很大益处。故D项最适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·安徽省十校联考)On my first day at the Skip Barber Racing School, I grabbed a suit and helmet and headed into the classroom.Standing in the front, I introduced myself to the class, “Hello, I'm Eddie, and I want to be a better __1__．” That day, after a quick __2__ to basics, like turning points and braking, we jumped into a race car.Not knowing what to __3__， I was very scared.Worse still, it was __4__ heavily outside.When it was my turn, I was sweating despite it being cold in the shower, because I was so __5__.When the instructor let me drive onto the course, I tried, but __6__ the car.I tried again, but without __7__.Finally, with great efforts I got it. In the afternoon, the instructor told us where to turn, downshift (换低挡) and brake.To my surprise, I quickly __8__ the driving skills and got faster and faster.__9__ we were ready to head onto the full track.I couldn't __10__ I had actually driven a race car around the world's most famous road course. The next day the drills became even more __11__.It was very terrifying the first few times, but as the day went by, I continued to get more and more __12__ and comfortable with the race car's capabilities.The final day was __13__ the most fun day.I __14__ everything and drove the car as aggressively as possible. The days at the racing school gave me the most fun __15__ of my life and I've become a much better driver.I look forward to doing more racing in the future. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。主要讲述了作者学习赛车的经历，从紧张、害怕到游刃有余。 1． A．friend B．driver C．teacher D．instructor 解析：选B。根据文章最后一段中的“and I've become a much better driver”可知，此处表示作者自我介绍说想成为更好的驾驶员。driver意为“驾驶员”，符合语境。 2． A．introduction B．arrangement C．participation D．encouragement 解析：选A。根据第一段中的“I grabbed a suit and helmet and headed into the classroom”以及空后“to basics, like turning points and braking, we jumped into a race car”可知，作者去学习赛车，在跳进一辆赛车之前，应是快速介绍一下基础知识。introduction意为“介绍”，符合语境。 3． A．deliver B．attend C．expect D．say 解析：选C。根据上文“Not knowing”和下文“I was very scared”可知，作者非常害怕，是因为无法预料(接下来)会发生什么。expect意为“预料”，符合语境。 4． A．flooding B．blowing C．snowing D．raining 解析：选D。根据下文“despite it being cold in the shower”可知，此处表示下着雨。rain意为“下雨”，符合语境，与空后的shower相呼应。 5． A．excited B．nervous C．awkward D．disappointed 解析：选B。根据本段第二句“Not knowing what to __3__， I was very scared.”和空前的“I was sweating despite it being cold in the shower”可知，作者非常紧张、害怕，所以天气很冷还是在出汗。nervous 意为“紧张的”，符合语境，与上文的scared 相呼应。 6． A．abandoned B．damaged C．operated D．stopped 解析：选D。根据下文“I tried again”可知，此处表示作者开车驶入场地失败，让车停下了。stop 意为“停下”，符合语境。 7． A．luck B．choice C．delay D．hesitation 解析：选A。根据上文“When the instructor let me drive onto the course, I tried，but __6__ the car.I tried again”和下文的Finally可知，作者再次尝试，依然没有成功。luck意为“运气”，without luck意为“运气不佳”，符合语境。 8． A．reviewed B．checked C．grasped D．forgot 解析：选C。根据空后的“the driving skills and got faster and faster”可知，作者很快领悟了驾驶技巧，开得越来越快。grasp意为“领悟”，符合语境。 9． A．By the way B．In no time C．On the whole D．On the contrary 解析：选B。根据上文“To my surprise, I quickly __9__ the driving skills and got faster and faster.”以及下文“I couldn't __10__ I had actually driven a race car around the world's most famous road course.”可知，作者取得了进步，很快就准备好进入完整赛道。in no time意为“很快”，符合语境。 10．A．resist B．notice C．believe D．confirm 解析：选C。根据语境可知，作者从上文的害怕和紧张到空后的在世界上最著名的公路赛道上疾驰，进步非常大，因此此处表示作者简直不敢相信。believe 意为“相信”，符合语境。 11．A．boring B．challenging C．practical D．academic 解析：选B。根据空后的“It was very terrifying the first few times”可知，此处表示第二天的培训更有挑战性。challenging意为“有挑战性的”，符合语境。 12．A．ambitious B．cautious C．grateful D．confident 解析：选D。根据本段最后一句“I __14__ everything and drove the car as aggressively as possible.”可知，此处表示作者对自己的赛车能力越来越有信心了。confident意为“自信的”，符合语境。 13．A．typically B．likely C．absolutely D．necessarily 解析：选C。根据空后“I __14__ everything and drove the car as aggressively as possible.”可知，作者尽可能大胆地开车，由此可推出作者认为最后一天绝对是最有趣的。absolutely意为“绝对”，符合语境。 14．A．let out B．gave up C．set down D．put off 解析：选A。根据空后“everything and drove the car as aggressively as possible”可知，作者释放一切，尽可能大胆地开车。let out意为“释放”，符合语境。 15．A．process B．test C．evidence D．experience 解析：选D。根据上文“The days at the racing school gave me the most fun”可知，此处表示在赛车学校的日子是作者一生中最有趣的经历。experience意为“经历”，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Recently, the National Roller Skating Championship was held in Lishui, Zhejiang.Qin Yuqing, a member of the national freestyle roller skating team, gained an 1.____________ (impress) triumph, which marked her debut in the adult division of competitive events. Dressed in a stunning clothes inspired by the celestial (天上的) singers and dancers, 2.________ (refer) to as Flying Apsaras (飞天仙子), depicted in the murals of Dunhuang's Mogao Grottoes located in Gansu Province in Northwest China, Qin fascinated the audience with her dazzling skating performance. Born in the year 2004, this young enthusiast of roller skating and traditional Chinese culture has already secured numerous 3.____________ (victory) in competitions.Qin began her roller skating journey when she was just 6 years old.She felt 4.________ indescribable bond to roller skating, and recognizing her passion, her parents swiftly enrolled her in the sport.From that moment on, she applied herself 5.____________ daily practice with considerable energy. 6．____________ (step) onto the competition stage initially brought about nervousness and mistakes for Qin, resulting in setbacks.She recalled a moment when she fell in the middle of a competition, experiencing a pang of 7.____________ (embarrass), but quickly adjusting her mindset.“Failure is okay.8.________ matters isn't whether you stumble, but whether you stand up again.” Since 2015, Qin 9.____________ (commit) herself to the preservation and promotion of Chinese culture.To ensure that the elegance of Chinese culture was perfectly displayed in roller skating competitions, Qin has invested a lot of time and energy.She said, “I desire to be more than just a roller skater; I aim to be an ambassador of Chinese culture, upholding and advancing 10.____________ (China) magnificent heritage through the integration of roller skating and traditional aesthetics (美学)．” [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了国家自由式轮滑国家队现役队员秦雨晴身着“敦煌飞天”装进行表演，把现代轮滑和古典敦煌艺术巧妙融合，脚步灵动，彩袖飞扬，惊艳全场。 1．解析：impressive。考查形容词。句意：秦雨晴，国家自由式轮滑队的一员，获得了一个令人印象深刻的胜利，这标志着她首次参加成人组的比赛。空处需要形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，impress为动词，其形容词形式为impressive“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。 2．解析：referred。考查非谓语动词。句意：秦雨晴身着灵感来自中国西北甘肃省敦煌壁画飞天仙子的华服，她令人眼花缭乱的滑冰表演让观众着迷。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰中心词“the celestial singers and dancers”，该动词和修饰的名词之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填referred。 3．解析：victories。考查名词。句意：这位出生于2004年的年轻轮滑爱好者和中国传统文化爱好者已经在比赛中取得了无数胜利。victory为名词“成功”，此处为可数名词，根据空前的numerous可知，此处为“已经在比赛中获得了数次成功”，所以用复数形式。故填victories。 4．解析：an。考查不定冠词。句意：她感觉她和轮滑之间有一种难以形容的纽带，意识到她的热情，她的父母立即让她参加了这项运动。此处为“她对轮滑有一种难以形容的感情”，所以空处需要不定冠词，indescribable是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 5．解析：to。考查介词。句意：从那一刻起，她精力充沛地投入到日常练习中。apply oneself to doing sth“致力于做某事”。故填to。 6．解析：Stepping。考查非谓语动词。句意：一开始登上比赛舞台时，秦雨晴会紧张，也会失误，也就导致了挫折。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动名词作主语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Stepping。 7．解析：embarrassment。考查名词。句意：她回忆起自己在一场比赛中摔倒的那一刻，感到一阵尴尬，但很快就调整了心态。空处为介词of的宾语，所以用名词。embarrass为动词，其名词形式为embarrassment“尴尬”。故填embarrassment。 8．解析：What。考查名词性从句连接词。句意：重要的不是你是否跌倒，而是你是否重新站起来。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，表示“重要的事情”，所以用what引导从句。故填What。 9．解析：has committed。考查动词时态。句意：自2015年以来，秦雨晴一直致力于保护和推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语since 2015可知，句子应用现在完成时态。故填has committed。 10．解析：China's。考查名词所有格。句意：我不只是想成为一名轮滑运动员，我的目标是成为中国文化的大使，通过轮滑与传统美学的融合，维护和弘扬中国的伟大传统。根据空后的“magnificent heritage”可知，空处需要名词所有格，表示“中国的伟大遗产”。故填China's。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$