【同步100分背默】Unit1 Wise men in history 知识清单-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册同步知识背默（沪教牛津版）

【同步100分背默】Unit1 Wise men in history知识清单 一．重点词汇背默 词性 单词 音标 释义 拓展 n. crown /kraʊn/ 王冠；皇冠 Olympics /əʊ'lɪmpɪks/ 奥运会 Olympic adj.奥林匹克的Olympic Games奥运会 agreement /ə'griːm(ə)nt/ 同意；应允 agree v.同意；应允 confirmation /kɒnfə'meɪʃ(ə)n/ 证实 confirm v.确认；证实 pot /pɒt/ 罐 tea pot茶亚 truth /truːθ/ 真相；实情 true adj.真实的 bowl /bəʊl/ 碗；盆 a bowl of 一碗…… metal /'met(ə)l/ 金属 prison /'prɪz(ə)n/ 监狱；牢狱 in prison坐牢 send…to prison把…关进监狱 boxing /'bɒksɪŋ/ 拳击(运动) box n.盒子 racing /'reɪsɪŋ/ 赛马(运动) race v.和……竞赛 *wrestling /'reslɪŋ/ 摔跤运动 *punctuation /pʌŋ(k)tʃʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n/ 标点符号 mistake /mɪ'steɪk/ 错误 make a mistake犯错/近/ error v. doubt /daʊt/ 不能肯定；对……无把握 doubtful adj.可疑的；令人生疑的no doubt无疑地 seem /siːm/ 好像；似乎 /近/ appear solve /sɒlv/ 解决；处理 /近/ work out；deal with；do with；solve the problem解决问题 fill /fɪl/ 装满；注满 fill……with……用……把……装满 *displace /dɪs'pleɪs/ 取代；替代 /近/ take place of hit /hɪt/ (用手或器具)击；打 (hit，hit) adj. golden /'gəʊld(ə)n/ 金的；金色的 gold n.金千 real /riːl/ 真的；正宗的 really adv.确实；的确 certain /'sɜːt(ə)n；-tɪn/ 确定的；肯定的 certainly adv.确定地/近/ sure brave /breɪv/ 勇敢的；无畏的 bravery n.勇敢；勇气 correct /kə'rekt/ 准确无误的；正确的 correction n.改正；修正correctly adv.正确地incorrect adj.不正确的 det. less /les/ 较少的；更少的 /反/more 二．重点短语背默 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 2.at first 起初 3.be happy with… 对…满意的 4.begin to do sth. 开始做某事 5.be made of + 原材料 由…制成 6.find out 查明，找到 7.think about 考虑，思考 8.run over 溢出 9.fill…with… 用…把…装满 10.ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物 11.put…into… 把…放入…里面 12.send sb. to prison 把某人关进监狱 13.tell the truth 说实话 14.as (fast) as one can 尽可能地（快） 15.each other 彼此 16.take part in 参加 17.try to do sth. 努力/尽力做某事 18.agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 19.be amazed at 对…感到惊讶 20.make sure 确保，设法保证 21.be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 22.large enough 足够大 23.have a try 试一试 24.add up 相加 25.take … off … 将…带下（船等）… 26.the same weight as 和…一样重 三．易错点记忆 一．agreement的用法 教材原文Learn how to ask for agreement or confirmation.学会如何寻求同意或证实。 用法分析agreement意为“同意, 应允, 一致”时,为不可数名词,其反义词为disagreement。be in agreement意为“(意见或看法)达成一致”。 如: A decision will not be made until everyone is in agreement.所有人都达成一致才能作决定。 拓展 agreement还可意为“协议,契约”,此时为可数名词。make/reach an agreement意为“达成协议”。 根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 Sometimes brothers or sisters will be in      (agree) with each other and begin to argue. disagreement 二．doubt的用法 教材原文　Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown. 然而,后来他开始怀疑它是不是一顶纯正的金王冠。 用法分析doubt在此处用作动词,意为“怀疑,不能肯定”。 如: You seemed to doubt what she said. 你似乎怀疑她说的话。 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 毫无疑问,中国现在更加擅长制造高科技产品。 　　      　 　    , China is much better at making high-technology products now. Without，doubt 三．be made of的用法 教材原文　“Is it made completely of gold?” he wondered.“它是完全用金子制成的吗?”他想知道。 用法分析be made of...意为“由……制成”。 辨析 be made by由…制造 be made of 用…造成（看得出原材料） be made from用…造成（看不出原材料） be made in在…地方制造 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 1.This wine is made from grapes.这酒是用葡萄制成的。 2.This kind of car is made in Germany.这种车是在德国制造的。 3.Books are made of paper. 书是用纸制成的。 四．truth的用法 教材原文　He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth.他把它送到阿基米德那里,并且要求他找出真相。 用法分析truth为名词,意为“真相,实情”。to tell(you)the truth为固定搭配,意为“说实话”,相当于“to be honest”。如:The police are trying to discover the truth of the accident.警察正竭力找出事故的真相。 拓展 truth的形容词形式为true,意为“真实的,真的”。 To tell the 　　     , English is not as difficult as you think. A.fact　　　 B.truth C.reality　 D.belief B 考查固定搭配。to tell the truth意为“说实话”,为固定搭配。 五．solve的用法 教材原文　This problem seems difficult to solve.这个问题似乎很难解决。 用法分析solve为动词,意为“解决,处理”。如: The smart boy can always solve maths problems easily.这个聪明的男孩总是能毫不费力地解出数学题。 拓展 solve的名词形式为solution,意为“解决办法”,常用短语:the solution to...……的解决办法。如: At last, they came up with the solution to the problem.终于,他们想出了这个问题的解决办法。 Our country is taking action to solve the problem of low birth rate.(选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项) A.reply to　　 B.deal with　　 C.work at 解: solve意为“解决”,与deal with同义,故选B。 六．weigh的用法 教材原文　First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight.首先,他称了王冠的重量,并向国王要了一些相同重量的金子。 用法分析weigh为动词,意为“称……的重量,重”。如: How much do these apples weigh?这些苹果多重? He weighed the ideas in his mind.他权衡了这些想法。 根据句意和汉语提示写单词 —I 　　     (称……的重量) myself yesterday, and I’m much lighter than before. —Really? Are you on a diet? weighed 七．discover的用法 教材原文　How did Archimedes discover the truth?阿基米德是如何发现真相的? 用法分析discover为及物动词,意为“发现,发觉”,其名词形式为discovery,意为“发现,被发现的事物”。如: We discovered that our house had been broken into. 我们发现有人闯进了我们的房子。 New scientific discoveries are being made every day.每天都有新的科学发现。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 Marie Curie’s success in the 　　      (discover) of radium is closely connected with her hard work. discovery 八．both的用法 教材原文　Both men and horses take part in this sport.男人和马都参加这项运动。 用法分析both意为“两者都”,常用结构为both...and...。 辨析both...and..., neither...nor..., either...or...与not only...but also... 如:Both Lucy and Lily help Mom do housework on weekends.在周末露西和莉莉都帮妈妈做家务。 Neither Lucy nor Lily helps Mom do housework on weekdays.在工作日露西和莉莉都不帮妈妈做家务。 Either water or juice is OK.水或者果汁都可以。 Not only you but also he needs to do the cleaning.不仅你而且他也需要打扫卫生。 —I hear 　　    your grandpa 　　    your grandma like watching Beijing Opera. —Right, just as many old people do in Beijing. A.both;and　　 B.either;or C.neither;nor　 D.not only;but also 解: B、C、D三项连接并列名词作主语时,谓语动词应采用“就近原则”,grandma为第三人称单数,而谓语动词为like,故排除B、C、D项,故选A。 九．形容词修饰复合不定代词的用法 教材原文　You’ve got something new, haven't you?你得了件新东西,不是吗? 用法分析something new意为“新东西”,形容词new修饰复合不定代词something。形容词作定语,一般放在名词的前面,但如果被修饰词是由some-、any-、every-和no-构成的复合不定代词,用作定语的形容词放在它所修饰的复合不定代词的后面。如: There is something new in today’s newspaper.今天的报纸里有些新内容。 There is on the front page. It is worth reading. A.nothing interesting　　　 B.interesting nothing C.anything interesting　　　 D.something interesting 解:形容词修饰复合不定代词应后置;由“It is worth reading.”可知,此处指有有趣的事,故选D。 十．allow的用法 教材原文　In ancient Greece, women were not allowed to watch the Olympics.在古希腊,女人不被允许观看奥运会。 用法分析此处allow用于固定结构“be (not)allowed to do sth.”中,此结构意为“(不)被允许做某事”。如: Children are not allowed to watch violent TV programmes.儿童不被允许看含暴力内容的电视节目。 归纳拓展 allow的用法如下: 如:My parents don’t allow me to go out at night.我父母不允许我晚上出去。 In the Wolong Panda Reserve, visitors     　     to get closer to pandas. A.allow B.allowed C.are allowing　 D.are allowed 解:本题考查被动语态。分析句子可知,本句陈述的是一般性事实,需用一般现在时,可排除B、C选项;且主语“visitors”和动词“allow”之间是被动关系,需用被动语态。故选D。 十一．mistake的用法 教材原文　Find and underline the mistakes in the following story. 在下面的故事中找出错误并在其下面画线。 用法分析mistake在此处用作名词,意为“错误”。常用短语:make mistakes/a mistake意为“出错,犯错”;by mistake意为“错误地”。 如:You’d better avoid making stupid mistakes.你最好避免犯愚蠢的错误。 拓展 mistake 还可用作动词,意为“看错,误解”。常用短语mistake...for...意为“把……错当成……”。 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 当你学习一门新的语言时,不要害怕犯错。 Don't be afraid to 　　　　　　　     when you learn a new language. make mistakes 十二．辨析through,across与over 教材原文　Diogenes used to walk through the city with his lantern during the day.第欧根尼过去常常在白天提着他的灯笼步行穿过这座城市。 一言辨异 Go through a forest, swim across a river and climb over a hill, and you’ll find the palace. 穿过一片森林,游过一条河,爬过一座小山,你就会找到这座宫殿。 根据句意和汉语提示写单词 If you’ve ever walked 　　           (通过) fog, you might have noticed that your skin and hair get wet. through 十三．辨析find out, find与look for 教材原文　He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth.他把它送到阿基米德那里,并且要求他找出真相。 考点 词义 例句 find out 意为“查明,弄清”,指经过调查后查明真相 Have you found out why Tom was late?你查明汤姆为什么迟到了吗? find 意为“找到”,强调(是否)找到这一结果 He can’t find his watch.他找不到他的手表。 look for 意为“寻找”,强调找的过程 I’m looking for my pen.我正在寻找我的钢笔。 Lingling’s father tried his best to 　　     who took his daughter to the hospital after the accident. A.work out B.find out C.look out D.come out 解:考查动词短语辨析。句意:玲玲的父亲尽了最大努力想找出事故发生后是谁把他女儿送进医院的。work out计算,算出;find out找出,查明;look out当心;come out出版。故选B。 十四．辨析fill与full 教材原文　Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water.当阿基米德把浴缸装满水时,他仍在思考这个问题。 用法分析 fill此处用作及物动词,意为“装满”,其形容词为full(满的)。 fill...with...表示“用……装满……”。be filled with=be full of 意为“装满……的”。 This cup is filled with/full of water.这个杯子里装满了水。 The stories are 　　    fun and have a long history. A.full of　　　 B.full with C.filled over　　　 D.filled of 解:考查固定搭配。此处表示充满乐趣,应用“be full of/filled with”,故选A。 十五．辨析used to do sth., be used to do sth.与be/get used to doing sth. 教材原文　Diogenes used to walk through the city with his lantern during the day.第欧根尼过去常常在白天提着他的灯笼步行穿过这座城市。 used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”,表示过去习惯性的动作或状态 be used to do sth. “被用来做某事”,强调用途,主语为表物的名词或代词 be/get used to  doing sth. “习惯做某事”, 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,主语是表人的名词或代词 There used to be many dinosaurs on Earth.地球上曾有很多恐龙。 The drug is used to lower blood pressure.这种药用于降血压。 Some animals are used to hibernating.有些动物习惯冬眠。 —How is your grandma? —She’s fine. She used to 　 　    TV at home after supper. But now she is used to 　　    out for a walk. A.watch;go B.watching;go C.watching;going　　　 D.watch;going 解:考查非谓语动词。句意:——你奶奶身体怎么样?——很好。她过去晚餐后经常在家看电视。但是现在她习惯散步。由句意可知,第一空考查“used to do sth.(过去常常做某事)”结构;第二空考查“be used to doing sth.(习惯做某事)”结构,故选D。 十六辨析at first与first of all at first 起初；当初 相当于at the beginning，与后来发生的事相对照，其反义词组为at last（最后，终于） first of all 首先，第一 相当于first，表示顺序，是时间上或一系列行动的开始，后面往往接next，then等 1.At first I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind. 起初我不想去，但很快就改变了主意。 2.First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance. 首先，打开窗户，然后关掉煤气，必要时叫救护车 十七 辨析real与true real 强调客观存在，并非想象的或虚构的，即某物外表与实质之间有一致性 Christmas Father isn't a real person. 圣诞老人不是真实的人物。 true 强调事实与实际情况相符，并非杜撰、捏造的，符合一定标准、一定模式 Is it true that he is dead? 他死了，是真的吗？ This is a real dog,not a toy. 那是一条真正的狗，不是玩具狗。 十八What a huge animal it is!它是一只多么庞大的动物啊！ 【句型】感叹句的结构为“What+(a / an)+adj. +名词（+主语+谓语）!” “How+adj. / adv.（+主语+谓语）!”，两种结构有时可互换 1.What a clever boy he is!= How clever the boy is!多么聪明的男孩啊！ 2.How heavily it is raining! 雨下得多大啊！ 十九. ... and the boat was filled with rocks until it went down again.……船装满了石头直到它再次下沉。 【句型】until 意为“直到”，后面可以接名词短语或从句。用于肯定句时，主句的动作持续到until 后面的时间或从句的动作发生为止，主句的谓语动词常用延续性动词；用于否定句时，主句的动作直到until后面的时间或从句的动作发生后才发生，一般翻译为“直到……才……”。 1.It rained until I woke up.雨一直下到我醒来。 2.I did my homework until 11:00 last night.我昨晚做作业到十一点。 3.He didn’t watch TV until he finished his homework.他直到完成作业才看电视。 二十. However, no one could find a scale large enough. 【词汇】enough此处用作副词，意为“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词时，要放在其后。 enough后常接（for+名词/代词+）to do sth.，意为“…足够…做某事”。 1.He runs quickly enough. 他跑得足够快。 2.It's warm enough in the room. 屋子里够暖和了。 3.The box is light enough for the boy to carry. 这个箱子足够轻，这个男孩能搬动。 三．语法点背默 一．反义疑问句 （一）概念：反义疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。 （二）要点注意： 1.反义疑问句前后两部分谓语应是：“肯定陈述＋否定疑问”或“否定陈述＋肯定疑问”【前肯后否，前否后肯】。 2.简略问句如果是否定式：not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写。 3.简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词。 4.陈述部分含“too...to”时，是否定句。 （三）用法： 1.陈述部分I am时，疑问部分要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?　（我和你姐姐一样高，对吗？） 2.陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 如： The old man made no answer, did he? Jim is never late for school, is he? 3.陈述部分有情态动词 have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? used to，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? had better（最好） + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 4.陈述部分有would rather（宁可、宁愿） +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 5.陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 6.陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。 Everything is ready, isn't it? 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he. Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn’t he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 7.think引导的宾语从句： A.主语是第一人称 I don't think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, can't she? B. 如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句 He thought they were wrong, didn't he? （不能说weren't they?） 8.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you? Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? 而Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we（或用shan't we)? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或won't you）? 9.陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there。 There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? There will not be any trouble, will there? 10.否定前缀（如unhappy, impossible, unbelievble等）不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isn't it? 　 　He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 反意疑问句中的特殊句型总结 前句陈述句 后句反问句 例句 含有否定词 肯定含义 Jim is seldom late for school, is he? 祈使句 will you Don't open the door, will you ? let us will you Let us go to school, will you ? Let’s shall we Let's go to school, shall we ? there be there 代替主语 There's little water in the river, is there ? used to do usedn’t或didn’t Jack used to work on a farm, didn’t he? （四）用法： 遵循原则：事实原则。事实确实如此，回答yes；事实不是如此，回答no。 A.一个句子前后保持一致，要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不能出现Yes, I don’t和No, I do的形式。 Beijing is the capital of China, isn’t it? Yes, it is. Beijing isn’t the capital of China, is it? Yes, it is. B.反义疑问句的回答是根据实际情况来回答的。 不用看汉语如何翻译，只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了，就用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。 一、把下列句子改为反义疑问句。 1. John's told to be on time for the meeting. (改为反义疑问句） John's told to be on time for the meeting, __________ __________? 2. Your father has never been to Hong Kong. (改为反意疑问句) Your father has never been to Hong Kong, __________ __________? 3. The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday. (改为反意疑问句) The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday, __________ __________? 4. Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years. (改为反意疑问句) Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years, __________ __________? 5. There is little time left for us to work out a solution. (改为反意疑问句) There is little time left for us to work out a solution, __________ __________? 6. Sometimes best wishes hardly seem enough. (改为反意疑问句) Sometimes best wishes hardly seem enough, __________ __________? 7. Gary’s parents seldom buy him name-brand sports shoes. (改为反意疑问句) Gary’s parents seldom buy him name-brand sports shoes, __________ __________? 8. Psy (鸟叔) won Time Magazine’s Person of the Year Award. (改为反意疑问句) Psy won Time Magazine’s Person of the Year Award, __________ __________? 9. My brother has never seen so much snow before. (改为反意疑问句) My brother has never seen so much snow before, __________ __________? 10. The government’s set up a new modern hospital for the farmers. (改为反意疑问句) The government’s set up a new modern hospital for the farmers, __________ __________? 答案：1. hasn’t he 2. has he 3. won’t he 4. hasn’t he 5. is there 6. do they 7. do they 8. didn’t he 9. has he 10. hasn’t it 二．句子类型 陈述句 肯定句 I like ice cream. 否定句 He doesn’t like ice cream. 疑问句 一般疑问句 Do you like ice cream? 特殊疑问句 What do you do when you are free? 反义疑问句 He like ice cream, doesn’t he? 选择疑问句 Would you like to have a cup of coffee or tea? 祈使句 Don’t be late again. 感叹句 What a clever cat it is! （一）句型转换 A、陈述句改一般疑问句： 1.若句子含有be动词, 情态动词或助动词，把be动词, 情态动词或助动词放在句首，其他成分基本不变，句号改为问号。 be动词：is, am, are, was, were 情态动词：can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, need 助动词：do, does, did, [现在完成时中的have, has] 2.若句子不含有以上单词，则在句首加Do, Does, Did，其他成分基本不变，句号改为问号。 *既是助动词，也是行为动词 助动词 行为动词 do, does, did 无意义 做 have, has, had 无意义 有 I usually do my homework after school. __________________________________________________________ I don’t do my homework at the weekend. _________________________________________________________ She has noodles for breakfast every day. __________________________________________________________ She has been to Shanghai before. __________________________________________________________ B．陈述句改否定句： 1.若句子含有be动词, 情态动词或助动词，则在这些词后加not，可写成缩写，其他成分基本不变。 2.若句子不含有以上单词，则在主语后加don’t, doesn’t, didn’t，其他成分基本不变。 四．课内语法填空 The wise leader About 1800 years ago, China 1 （ divide）into three separate kingdoms:Wei, Shu and Wu. After 2 ( defeat) in the battle of Jieting, ZhugeLiang, the chancellor of Shu, needed to defend Xicheng 3 the rival kingdom of Wei, 4 army was led by Sima Yi. The problem was that he only had a small number of soldiers 5 the main army of Shu was fighting elsewhere. With Sima Yi's army 6 (draw) near, he had to come up with 7 plan. When Sima Yi came close to Xicheng's gate, he was 8 （surprise）to find Zhuge Liang sitting on a wall, 9 （relax）and smiling, 10 （dress） in simple clothes. He was playing the lute with two boys standing behind him. One was carrying a treasured sword and the 11 was carrying a yak's tail. 12 (look) around, Sima Yi also noticed there were no soldiers to be seen,only people with their heads down sweeping the streets. Sima Yi knew Zhuge Liang was a clever and 13 (care) leader. So he worried that this was a trap and that his soldiers would be ambushed and defeated 14 they entered the city. So he turned his army around and they rode away from the city. Zhuge Liang fooled Sima Yi by taking a big risk. He knew that Sima Yi had a very suspicious mind and would suspect an ambush. His plan, later known 15 the Empty Fort Strategy, was successful and he lived to fight another day. 答案：1.was divided 2. being defeated 3. against 4.whose 5.because 6.drawing 7.a 8.surprised 9.relaxed 10.dressed 11. other 12.Looking 13.careful 14. if 15. as 五．写作背默 北宋文豪苏轼在中国文化史上有着举足轻重的地位。为了帮助同学们更好地了解苏轼，你校将于6月24日举办东坡文化节。假设你是学校英文报的通讯员，请你根据以下要点，为此次活动写一篇英文宜传稿。 要点 1.苏轼简介 ①北宋著名诗人，写了很多流传至今的诗歌 ②除了文学，他在书法、绘画等方面也有很高的造诣 ③发明了一些广受欢迎的美食 2.文化节介绍 ①举办文化节的意义：…… ②文化节的活动：诗歌朗诵比赛、…… 注意： 1.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2.要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 参考词汇：北宋Northern Song Dynasty 书法calligraphy 东坡肉Dongpo pork Dongpo Culture Festival is coming Su Shi is also known as Su Dongpo.____________________________________ 推荐表达： 1.在……方面取得很大成就make great achievements in … 2.受欢迎be popular=be in fashion 3.举办活动hold an activity 4.参加活动join in/take part in/participate in an activity 5.举例子such as/like+名词/动名词；For example,+句子 参考范文： Dongpo Culture Festival is coming Su Shi is also known as Su Dongpo.He was a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.During his life,Su wrote a lot of poems which are read and loved by many people today.Su also made great achievements in calligraphy and painting.Besides,Su created some delicious dishes such as Dongpo pork and Dongpo fish.These dishes are still popular nowadays. Today,Su's works and his spirit have become an important part of traditional Chinese culture.To help students learn more about Su and his life,the Dongpo Culture Festival is going to be held in our school on June 24h.There will be several attractive activities.For example,if you like Su's poems,you can take part in the poetry-reading contest.In our school's theater,you can watch a drama about the life experiences of Su Shi. There will be a lot of fun during the festival.Don't miss it! $$【同步100分背默】Unit1 Wise men in history知识清单 一．重点词汇背默 词性 单词 音标 释义 拓展 n. /kraʊn/ 王冠；皇冠 /əʊ'lɪmpɪks/ 奥运会 Olympic adj.奥林匹克的Olympic Games奥运会 /ə'griːm(ə)nt/ 同意；应允 agree v.同意；应允 /kɒnfə'meɪʃ(ə)n/ 证实 confirm v.确认；证实 /pɒt/ 罐 tea pot茶亚 /truːθ/ 真相；实情 true adj.真实的 /bəʊl/ 碗；盆 a bowl of 一碗…… /'met(ə)l/ 金属 /'prɪz(ə)n/ 监狱；牢狱 in prison坐牢 send…to prison把…关进监狱 /'bɒksɪŋ/ 拳击(运动) box n.盒子 /'reɪsɪŋ/ 赛马(运动) race v.和……竞赛 /'reslɪŋ/ 摔跤运动 /pʌŋ(k)tʃʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n/ 标点符号 /mɪ'steɪk/ 错误 make a mistake犯错/近/ error v. /daʊt/ 不能肯定；对……无把握 doubtful adj.可疑的；令人生疑的no doubt无疑地 /siːm/ 好像；似乎 /近/ appear /sɒlv/ 解决；处理 /近/ work out；deal with；do with；solve the problem解决问题 /fɪl/ 装满；注满 fill……with……用……把……装满 /dɪs'pleɪs/ 取代；替代 /近/ take place of /hɪt/ (用手或器具)击；打 (hit，hit) adj. /'gəʊld(ə)n/ 金的；金色的 gold n.金千 /riːl/ 真的；正宗的 really adv.确实；的确 /'sɜːt(ə)n；-tɪn/ 确定的；肯定的 certainly adv.确定地/近/ sure /breɪv/ 勇敢的；无畏的 bravery n.勇敢；勇气 /kə'rekt/ 准确无误的；正确的 correction n.改正；修正correctly adv.正确地incorrect adj.不正确的 det. /les/ 较少的；更少的 /反/more 二．重点短语背默 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 叫某人做某事 2. 起初 3. 对…满意的 4. 开始做某事 5. 原材料 由…制成 6. 查明，找到 7. 考虑，思考 8. 溢出 9. 用…把…装满 10. 向某人要某物 11. 把…放入…里面 12. 把某人关进监狱 13. 说实话 14. 尽可能地（快） 15. 彼此 16. 参加 17. 努力/尽力做某事 18. 同意某人的意见 19. 对…感到惊讶 20. 确保，设法保证 21. 被允许做某事 22. 足够大 23. 试一试 24. 相加 25. 将…带下（船等）… 26. 和…一样重 三．易错点记忆 一．agreement的用法 教材原文Learn how to ask for agreement or confirmation.学会如何寻求同意或证实。 用法分析agreement意为“同意, 应允, 一致”时,为不可数名词,其反义词为disagreement。be in agreement意为“(意见或看法)达成一致”。 如: A decision will not be made until everyone is in agreement.所有人都达成一致才能作决定。 拓展 agreement还可意为“协议,契约”,此时为可数名词。make/reach an agreement意为“达成协议”。 根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 Sometimes brothers or sisters will be in      (agree) with each other and begin to argue. 二．doubt的用法 教材原文　Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown. 然而,后来他开始怀疑它是不是一顶纯正的金王冠。 用法分析doubt在此处用作动词,意为“怀疑,不能肯定”。 如: You seemed to doubt what she said. 你似乎怀疑她说的话。 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 毫无疑问,中国现在更加擅长制造高科技产品。 　　      　 　    , China is much better at making high-technology products now. 三．be made of的用法 教材原文　“Is it made completely of gold?” he wondered.“它是完全用金子制成的吗?”他想知道。 用法分析be made of...意为“由……制成”。 辨析 be made by由…制造 be made of 用…造成（看得出原材料） be made from用…造成（看不出原材料） be made in在…地方制造 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 1.This wine is made grapes.这酒是用葡萄制成的。 2.This kind of car is made Germany.这种车是在德国制造的。 3.Books are made paper. 书是用纸制成的。 四．truth的用法 教材原文　He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth.他把它送到阿基米德那里,并且要求他找出真相。 用法分析truth为名词,意为“真相,实情”。to tell(you)the truth为固定搭配,意为“说实话”,相当于“to be honest”。如:The police are trying to discover the truth of the accident.警察正竭力找出事故的真相。 拓展 truth的形容词形式为true,意为“真实的,真的”。 To tell the 　　     , English is not as difficult as you think. A.fact　　　 B.truth C.reality　 D.belief 五．solve的用法 教材原文　This problem seems difficult to solve.这个问题似乎很难解决。 用法分析solve为动词,意为“解决,处理”。如: The smart boy can always solve maths problems easily.这个聪明的男孩总是能毫不费力地解出数学题。 拓展 solve的名词形式为solution,意为“解决办法”,常用短语:the solution to...……的解决办法。如: At last, they came up with the solution to the problem.终于,他们想出了这个问题的解决办法。 Our country is taking action to solve the problem of low birth rate.(选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项) A.reply to　　 B.deal with　　 C.work at 六．weigh的用法 教材原文　First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight.首先,他称了王冠的重量,并向国王要了一些相同重量的金子。 用法分析weigh为动词,意为“称……的重量,重”。如: How much do these apples weigh?这些苹果多重? He weighed the ideas in his mind.他权衡了这些想法。 根据句意和汉语提示写单词 —I 　　     (称……的重量) myself yesterday, and I’m much lighter than before. —Really? Are you on a diet? 七．discover的用法 教材原文　How did Archimedes discover the truth?阿基米德是如何发现真相的? 用法分析discover为及物动词,意为“发现,发觉”,其名词形式为discovery,意为“发现,被发现的事物”。如: We discovered that our house had been broken into. 我们发现有人闯进了我们的房子。 New scientific discoveries are being made every day.每天都有新的科学发现。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 Marie Curie’s success in the 　　      (discover) of radium is closely connected with her hard work. 八．both的用法 教材原文　Both men and horses take part in this sport.男人和马都参加这项运动。 用法分析both意为“两者都”,常用结构为both...and...。 辨析both...and..., neither...nor..., either...or...与not only...but also... 如:Both Lucy and Lily help Mom do housework on weekends.在周末露西和莉莉都帮妈妈做家务。 Neither Lucy nor Lily helps Mom do housework on weekdays.在工作日露西和莉莉都不帮妈妈做家务。 Either water or juice is OK.水或者果汁都可以。 Not only you but also he needs to do the cleaning.不仅你而且他也需要打扫卫生。 —I hear 　　    your grandpa 　　    your grandma like watching Beijing Opera. —Right, just as many old people do in Beijing. A.both;and　　 B.either;or C.neither;nor　 D.not only;but also 九．形容词修饰复合不定代词的用法 教材原文　You’ve got something new, haven't you?你得了件新东西,不是吗? 用法分析something new意为“新东西”,形容词new修饰复合不定代词something。形容词作定语,一般放在名词的前面,但如果被修饰词是由some-、any-、every-和no-构成的复合不定代词,用作定语的形容词放在它所修饰的复合不定代词的后面。如: There is something new in today’s newspaper.今天的报纸里有些新内容。 There is on the front page. It is worth reading. A.nothing interesting　　　 B.interesting nothing C.anything interesting　　　 D.something interesting 十．allow的用法 教材原文　In ancient Greece, women were not allowed to watch the Olympics.在古希腊,女人不被允许观看奥运会。 用法分析此处allow用于固定结构“be (not)allowed to do sth.”中,此结构意为“(不)被允许做某事”。如: Children are not allowed to watch violent TV programmes.儿童不被允许看含暴力内容的电视节目。 归纳拓展 allow的用法如下: 如:My parents don’t allow me to go out at night.我父母不允许我晚上出去。 In the Wolong Panda Reserve, visitors     　     to get closer to pandas. A.allow B.allowed C.are allowing　 D.are allowed 十一．mistake的用法 教材原文　Find and underline the mistakes in the following story. 在下面的故事中找出错误并在其下面画线。 用法分析mistake在此处用作名词,意为“错误”。常用短语:make mistakes/a mistake意为“出错,犯错”;by mistake意为“错误地”。 如:You’d better avoid making stupid mistakes.你最好避免犯愚蠢的错误。 拓展 mistake 还可用作动词,意为“看错,误解”。常用短语mistake...for...意为“把……错当成……”。 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 当你学习一门新的语言时,不要害怕犯错。 Don't be afraid to 　　　　　　　     when you learn a new language. 十二．辨析through,across与over 教材原文　Diogenes used to walk through the city with his lantern during the day.第欧根尼过去常常在白天提着他的灯笼步行穿过这座城市。 一言辨异 Go through a forest, swim across a river and climb over a hill, and you’ll find the palace. 穿过一片森林,游过一条河,爬过一座小山,你就会找到这座宫殿。 根据句意和汉语提示写单词 If you’ve ever walked 　　           (通过) fog, you might have noticed that your skin and hair get wet. 十三．辨析find out, find与look for 教材原文　He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth.他把它送到阿基米德那里,并且要求他找出真相。 考点 词义 例句 find out 意为“查明,弄清”,指经过调查后查明真相 Have you found out why Tom was late?你查明汤姆为什么迟到了吗? find 意为“找到”,强调(是否)找到这一结果 He can’t find his watch.他找不到他的手表。 look for 意为“寻找”,强调找的过程 I’m looking for my pen.我正在寻找我的钢笔。 Lingling’s father tried his best to 　　     who took his daughter to the hospital after the accident. A.work out B.find out C.look out D.come out 十四．辨析fill与full 教材原文　Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water.当阿基米德把浴缸装满水时,他仍在思考这个问题。 用法分析 fill此处用作及物动词,意为“装满”,其形容词为full(满的)。 fill...with...表示“用……装满……”。be filled with=be full of 意为“装满……的”。 This cup is filled with/full of water.这个杯子里装满了水。 The stories are 　　    fun and have a long history. A.full of　　　 B.full with C.filled over　　　 D.filled of 十五．辨析used to do sth., be used to do sth.与be/get used to doing sth. 教材原文　Diogenes used to walk through the city with his lantern during the day.第欧根尼过去常常在白天提着他的灯笼步行穿过这座城市。 used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”,表示过去习惯性的动作或状态 be used to do sth. “被用来做某事”,强调用途,主语为表物的名词或代词 be/get used to  doing sth. “习惯做某事”, 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,主语是表人的名词或代词 There used to be many dinosaurs on Earth.地球上曾有很多恐龙。 The drug is used to lower blood pressure.这种药用于降血压。 Some animals are used to hibernating.有些动物习惯冬眠。 —How is your grandma? —She’s fine. She used to 　 　    TV at home after supper. But now she is used to 　　    out for a walk. A.watch;go B.watching;go C.watching;going　　　 D.watch;going 十六辨析at first与first of all at first 起初；当初 相当于at the beginning，与后来发生的事相对照，其反义词组为at last（最后，终于） first of all 首先，第一 相当于first，表示顺序，是时间上或一系列行动的开始，后面往往接next，then等 1. I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind. 起初我不想去，但很快就改变了主意。 2. ,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance. 首先，打开窗户，然后关掉煤气，必要时叫救护车 十七 辨析real与true real 强调客观存在，并非想象的或虚构的，即某物外表与实质之间有一致性 Christmas Father isn't a real person. 圣诞老人不是真实的人物。 true 强调事实与实际情况相符，并非杜撰、捏造的，符合一定标准、一定模式 Is it true that he is dead? 他死了，是真的吗？ This is a dog,not a toy. 那是一条真正的狗，不是玩具狗。 十八What a huge animal it is!它是一只多么庞大的动物啊！ 【句型】感叹句的结构为“What+(a / an)+adj. +名词（+主语+谓语）!” “How+adj. / adv.（+主语+谓语）!”，两种结构有时可互换 1. clever boy he is!= clever the boy is!多么聪明的男孩啊！ 2. heavily it is raining! 雨下得多大啊！ 十九. ... and the boat was filled with rocks until it went down again.……船装满了石头直到它再次下沉。 【句型】until 意为“直到”，后面可以接名词短语或从句。用于肯定句时，主句的动作持续到until 后面的时间或从句的动作发生为止，主句的谓语动词常用延续性动词；用于否定句时，主句的动作直到until后面的时间或从句的动作发生后才发生，一般翻译为“直到……才……”。 1.It rained I woke up.雨一直下到我醒来。 2.I did my homework 11:00 last night.我昨晚做作业到十一点。 3.He watch TV he finished his homework.他直到完成作业才看电视。 二十. However, no one could find a scale large enough. 【词汇】enough此处用作副词，意为“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词时，要放在其后。 enough后常接（for+名词/代词+）to do sth.，意为“…足够…做某事”。 1.He runs . 他跑得足够快。 2.It's in the room. 屋子里够暖和了。 3.The box is for the boy to carry. 这个箱子足够轻，这个男孩能搬动。 三．语法点背默 一．反义疑问句 （一）概念：反义疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。 （二）要点注意： 1.反义疑问句前后两部分谓语应是：“肯定陈述＋否定疑问”或“否定陈述＋肯定疑问”【前肯后否，前否后肯】。 2.简略问句如果是否定式：not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写。 3.简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词。 4.陈述部分含“too...to”时，是否定句。 （三）用法： 1.陈述部分I am时，疑问部分要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?　（我和你姐姐一样高，对吗？） 2.陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 如： The old man made no answer, did he? Jim is never late for school, is he? 3.陈述部分有情态动词 have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? used to，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? had better（最好） + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 4.陈述部分有would rather（宁可、宁愿） +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 5.陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 6.陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。 Everything is ready, isn't it? 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he. Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn’t he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 7.think引导的宾语从句： A.主语是第一人称 I don't think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, can't she? B. 如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句 He thought they were wrong, didn't he? （不能说weren't they?） 8.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you? Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? 而Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we（或用shan't we)? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或won't you）? 9.陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there。 There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? There will not be any trouble, will there? 10.否定前缀（如unhappy, impossible, unbelievble等）不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isn't it? 　 　He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 反意疑问句中的特殊句型总结 前句陈述句 后句反问句 例句 含有否定词 肯定含义 Jim is seldom late for school, is he? 祈使句 will you Don't open the door, will you ? let us will you Let us go to school, will you ? Let’s shall we Let's go to school, shall we ? there be there 代替主语 There's little water in the river, is there ? used to do usedn’t或didn’t Jack used to work on a farm, didn’t he? （四）用法： 遵循原则：事实原则。事实确实如此，回答yes；事实不是如此，回答no。 A.一个句子前后保持一致，要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不能出现Yes, I don’t和No, I do的形式。 Beijing is the capital of China, isn’t it? Yes, it is. Beijing isn’t the capital of China, is it? Yes, it is. B.反义疑问句的回答是根据实际情况来回答的。 不用看汉语如何翻译，只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了，就用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。 一、把下列句子改为反义疑问句。 1. John's told to be on time for the meeting. (改为反义疑问句） John's told to be on time for the meeting, __________ __________? 2. Your father has never been to Hong Kong. (改为反意疑问句) Your father has never been to Hong Kong, __________ __________? 3. The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday. (改为反意疑问句) The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday, __________ __________? 4. Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years. (改为反意疑问句) Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years, __________ __________? 5. There is little time left for us to work out a solution. (改为反意疑问句) There is little time left for us to work out a solution, __________ __________? 6. Sometimes best wishes hardly seem enough. (改为反意疑问句) Sometimes best wishes hardly seem enough, __________ __________? 7. Gary’s parents seldom buy him name-brand sports shoes. (改为反意疑问句) Gary’s parents seldom buy him name-brand sports shoes, __________ __________? 8. Psy (鸟叔) won Time Magazine’s Person of the Year Award. (改为反意疑问句) Psy won Time Magazine’s Person of the Year Award, __________ __________? 9. My brother has never seen so much snow before. (改为反意疑问句) My brother has never seen so much snow before, __________ __________? 10. The government’s set up a new modern hospital for the farmers. (改为反意疑问句) The government’s set up a new modern hospital for the farmers, __________ __________? 二．句子类型 陈述句 肯定句 I like ice cream. 否定句 He doesn’t like ice cream. 疑问句 一般疑问句 Do you like ice cream? 特殊疑问句 What do you do when you are free? 反义疑问句 He like ice cream, doesn’t he? 选择疑问句 Would you like to have a cup of coffee or tea? 祈使句 Don’t be late again. 感叹句 What a clever cat it is! （一）句型转换 A、陈述句改一般疑问句： 1.若句子含有be动词, 情态动词或助动词，把be动词, 情态动词或助动词放在句首，其他成分基本不变，句号改为问号。 be动词：is, am, are, was, were 情态动词：can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, need 助动词：do, does, did, [现在完成时中的have, has] 2.若句子不含有以上单词，则在句首加Do, Does, Did，其他成分基本不变，句号改为问号。 *既是助动词，也是行为动词 助动词 行为动词 do, does, did 无意义 做 have, has, had 无意义 有 I usually do my homework after school. __________________________________________________________ I don’t do my homework at the weekend. _________________________________________________________ She has noodles for breakfast every day. __________________________________________________________ She has been to Shanghai before. __________________________________________________________ B．陈述句改否定句： 1.若句子含有be动词, 情态动词或助动词，则在这些词后加not，可写成缩写，其他成分基本不变。 2.若句子不含有以上单词，则在主语后加don’t, doesn’t, didn’t，其他成分基本不变。 四．课内语法填空 The wise leader About 1800 years ago, China 1 （ divide）into three separate kingdoms:Wei, Shu and Wu. After 2 ( defeat) in the battle of Jieting, ZhugeLiang, the chancellor of Shu, needed to defend Xicheng 3 the rival kingdom of Wei, 4 army was led by Sima Yi. The problem was that he only had a small number of soldiers 5 the main army of Shu was fighting elsewhere. With Sima Yi's army 6 (draw) near, he had to come up with 7 plan. When Sima Yi came close to Xicheng's gate, he was 8 （surprise）to find Zhuge Liang sitting on a wall, 9 （relax）and smiling, 10 （dress） in simple clothes. He was playing the lute with two boys standing behind him. One was carrying a treasured sword and the 11 was carrying a yak's tail. 12 (look) around, Sima Yi also noticed there were no soldiers to be seen,only people with their heads down sweeping the streets. Sima Yi knew Zhuge Liang was a clever and 13 (care) leader. So he worried that this was a trap and that his soldiers would be ambushed and defeated 14 they entered the city. So he turned his army around and they rode away from the city. Zhuge Liang fooled Sima Yi by taking a big risk. He knew that Sima Yi had a very suspicious mind and would suspect an ambush. His plan, later known 15 the Empty Fort Strategy, was successful and he lived to fight another day. 五．写作背默 北宋文豪苏轼在中国文化史上有着举足轻重的地位。为了帮助同学们更好地了解苏轼，你校将于6月24日举办东坡文化节。假设你是学校英文报的通讯员，请你根据以下要点，为此次活动写一篇英文宜传稿。 要点 1.苏轼简介 ①北宋著名诗人，写了很多流传至今的诗歌 ②除了文学，他在书法、绘画等方面也有很高的造诣 ③发明了一些广受欢迎的美食 2.文化节介绍 ①举办文化节的意义：…… ②文化节的活动：诗歌朗诵比赛、…… 注意： 1.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2.要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 参考词汇：北宋Northern Song Dynasty 书法calligraphy 东坡肉Dongpo pork Dongpo Culture Festival is coming Su Shi is also known as Su Dongpo.____________________________________ $$