专题14 宇宙学家探索宇宙深处之光 - 2025年高考英语外刊时文阅读训练

高中英语外刊时文阅读训练 专题14 宇宙学家探索宇宙深处之光 Ⅰ.文章话题导入 Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读 Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习 Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练 Ⅴ.参考译文赏析 【话题·导语】 在过去的几年里，Cynthia Chiang一直在寻找宇宙早期存在的迹象——从130多亿年前第一颗恒星的诞生到之前的“宇宙黑暗时代”——她正在建造自己的设备来实现这一目标。作为麦吉尔大学的物理学教授，她专注于利用新颖的无线电技术，探索当今宇宙之外的遥远过去。 【原文·外刊阅读】 Cynthia Chiang is searching for signs of the universe's first light （文章来源：National Geographic） “It was written in some sense,” that National Geographic Explorer Cynthia Chiang would end up in observational cosmology — the study of the origin and development of the universe using specialized detectors and telescopes. “I’m not going to lie, my father was a physicist. My mother’s an astronomer. But no kid wants to be like their parents,” she jokes, semi-seriously. Chiang always enjoyed building things. It wasn’t unusual for her to experiment with her father’s research equipment; disassembling vacuum chamber components and putting them back together like a child engineer. She thanks, in part, her short attention span for her evolving curiosity: “I am always looking for something.” For the last few years, Chiang has been looking for signs of the universe’s early existence — from the birth of the first stars more than 13 billion years ago, to the preceding “cosmic dark ages” — and she’s building her own equipment to do it. As a professor of physics at McGill University, she focuses on peering beyond the universe as it is known today, into its distant past, using novel radio technology. Since 2017 Chiang and her team at McGill have been engineering and planting radio telescopes in two of the Earth’s most remote (and quietest) places for the best shot at hearing the earliest groans of the cosmos.  Initially, Chiang planned to do her PhD in particle physics but switched direction after a visit to a lab at the California Institute of Technology. “It was complete chaos. There is cryogenic equipment everywhere, tools everywhere. I didn’t know about observational cosmology at the time but thought ‘Whatever this is, I want to do that.’”  She spent a year as a winter-over scientist at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station after working on a few experiments in Antarctica during her PhD and postdoc. One was a balloon-borne microwave telescope that was launched from McMurdo. She could have familiarized herself with telescopes in Hawaii; it was a competing opportunity when she was first offered to go to the South Pole.  “That really catalyzed my love of remote places because it didn’t take me a second to decide…To this day I still have not been to Hawaii.” Chiang worked as a Dicke postdoctoral fellow with a team of telescope scientists at Princeton University monitoring the cosmic microwave background (CMB) — the remnant radiation left over from the Big Bang.  Eventually, she wanted to engineer her own instruments. After her year at the South Pole Station, she accepted a job at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) in South Africa. At that time, the site decision was made for the largest radio telescope array on Earth — the Square Kilometre Array — and two-thirds of it was awarded to South Africa. “This was also a leap of faith because I really couldn’t continue the work I was doing before,” Chiang recalls. “I had never done radio before but I thought, ‘Let me give this a try and see how it goes.’” It was her entry point to cosmic radio waves, from cosmic microwaves. 【原创·阅读理解】 1.What was National Geographic Explorer Cynthia Chiang’s initial field of study before she switched to observational cosmology? A. Astronomy. B. Particle Physics. C. Mechanical Engineering. D. Chemistry. 2.Why did Cynthia Chiang decide to pursue observational cosmology? A. She wanted to work with cryogenic equipment. B. She was inspired by a lab at Caltech. C. She had a lifelong interest in astronomy. D. She wanted to build radio telescopes. 3.Where did Chiang and her team install radio telescopes for their research? A. Hawaii and the South Pole. B. Two remote and quiet places on Earth. C. The University of KwaZulu-Natal. D. McMurdo Station. 4.What motivated Chiang to work in remote places? A. Her interest in tropical climates. B. The challenge of working in isolation. C. Her previous experience in Antarctica. D. Opportunities in warmer locations. 5.What was Chiang's role at the University of KwaZulu-Natal? A. She worked with cryogenic equipment. B. She engineered her own instruments for studying cosmic radio waves. C. She studied cosmic microwave background radiation. D. She worked on a balloon-borne microwave telescope. 【高频词汇训练】 1．（22-23高二上·上海·阶段练习）Without agreed rules to play by, and strict punishments for violations, the financial market would soon ________ into utter chaos. A．descend B．trap C．reduce D．involve 2．（23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）________ students’ learning status and efficiency in real-time, many parents have latest monitoring devices ________ in their house. A．To inform of; assigned B．Being informed of; assigned C．To be informed of; installed D．Having informed of; installed 3．（23-24高一下·河南信阳·阶段练习）Kashgar becomes even (much) alive with tourists joyfully exploring a city with a history of more than 2, 000 years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．（23-24高二下·福建三明·阶段练习）The   (special) thought Tim’s chances of survival were slim. （所给词的适当形式填空） 5．（17-18高一下·浙江绍兴·期末）Curiosity drove him into her restaurant where he found no mutton, beef or bacon (serve). （所给词的适当形式填空） 6．（20-21高二上·山东潍坊·阶段练习）R (回应) to body language is an important component of being a teacher. (根据汉语提示单词拼写） 7．（18-19高二下·江西南昌·期末）There was a time when I was so proud that I o my peers. 8．（22-23高二上·山东济南·阶段练习）You are one of the (理想的) monitor applicants in the election. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 9．（23-24高一下·福建莆田·期中）Only when we learn to exist in with nature can we stop being a to wildlife and to our planet. 只有学会与大自然和谐相处，我们才不会成为野生动植物和地球的威胁。 10．（23-24高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）After receiving the Most Valuable Player award for two years (连续地), Stephen explained his philosophy.(根据汉语提示补全句子) 【参考译文】 辛西娅·蒋正在寻找宇宙第一缕光的迹象 “从某种意义上说，”国家地理探险家Cynthia Chiang最终将从事观测宇宙学——使用专门的探测器和望远镜研究宇宙的起源和发展。“我不会撒谎，我爸爸是物理学家。我妈妈是天文学家。但没有孩子想像他们的父母一样，”她半认真地开玩笑说。 蒋一向喜欢造东西。她用父亲的研究设备做实验并不罕见；像儿童工程师一样拆卸真空室组件并将其重新组装在一起。在某种程度上，她感谢自己注意力持续时间短，导致好奇心不断发展：“我总是在找东西。” 在过去的几年里，蒋一直在寻找宇宙早期存在的迹象——从130多亿年前第一颗恒星的诞生到之前的“宇宙黑暗时代”——她正在建造自己的设备来实现这一目标。作为麦吉尔大学的物理学教授，她专注于利用新颖的无线电技术，探索当今宇宙之外的遥远过去。 自2017年以来，蒋和她在麦吉尔大学的团队一直在地球上最偏远（也是最安静）的两个地方设计和安装射电望远镜，以便最好地听到宇宙最早的呻吟。  起初，蒋计划攻读粒子物理学博士学位，但在参观了加州理工学院的一个实验室后改变了方向。“当时一片混乱。到处都是低温设备，到处都是工具。当时我不知道观测宇宙学，但我想‘不管这是什么，我都想这么做。’” 在攻读博士学位和博士后期间，她在南极洲进行了一些实验，之后在阿蒙森-斯科特南极站度过了一年的冬季。其中一个是从麦克默多发射的气球载微波望远镜。她本可以熟悉夏威夷的望远镜；当她第一次被邀请去南极时，这是一个竞争性的机会。  “这真的激发了我对偏远地区的热爱，因为我一秒钟都没有做出决定……直到今天，我还没有去过夏威夷。” 蒋在普林斯顿大学的一个望远镜科学家团队担任Dicke博士后研究员，负责监测宇宙微波背景辐射（CMB）——大爆炸留下的残余辐射。  最终，她想设计自己的仪器。在南极站工作一年后，她接受了南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学（UKZN）的一份工作。当时，决定建造地球上最大的射电望远镜阵列——平方公里阵列，其中三分之二授予了南非。 “这也是一次信仰的飞跃，因为我真的无法继续我以前做的工作，”蒋回忆道。“我以前从未做过广播，但我想，‘让我试试，看看情况如何。’” 这是她从宇宙微波中进入宇宙无线电波的入口。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高中英语外刊时文阅读训练 专题14 宇宙学家探索宇宙深处之光 Ⅰ.文章话题导入 Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读 Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习 Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练 Ⅴ.参考译文赏析 【话题·导语】 在过去的几年里，Cynthia Chiang一直在寻找宇宙早期存在的迹象——从130多亿年前第一颗恒星的诞生到之前的“宇宙黑暗时代”——她正在建造自己的设备来实现这一目标。作为麦吉尔大学的物理学教授，她专注于利用新颖的无线电技术，探索当今宇宙之外的遥远过去。 【原文·外刊阅读】 Cynthia Chiang is searching for signs of the universe's first light （文章来源：National Geographic） “It was written in some sense,” that National Geographic Explorer Cynthia Chiang would end up in observational cosmology — the study of the origin and development of the universe using specialized detectors and telescopes. “I’m not going to lie, my father was a physicist. My mother’s an astronomer. But no kid wants to be like their parents,” she jokes, semi-seriously. Chiang always enjoyed building things. It wasn’t unusual for her to experiment with her father’s research equipment; disassembling vacuum chamber components and putting them back together like a child engineer. She thanks, in part, her short attention span for her evolving curiosity: “I am always looking for something.” For the last few years, Chiang has been looking for signs of the universe’s early existence — from the birth of the first stars more than 13 billion years ago, to the preceding “cosmic dark ages” — and she’s building her own equipment to do it. As a professor of physics at McGill University, she focuses on peering beyond the universe as it is known today, into its distant past, using novel radio technology. Since 2017 Chiang and her team at McGill have been engineering and planting radio telescopes in two of the Earth’s most remote (and quietest) places for the best shot at hearing the earliest groans of the cosmos.  Initially, Chiang planned to do her PhD in particle physics but switched direction after a visit to a lab at the California Institute of Technology. “It was complete chaos. There is cryogenic equipment everywhere, tools everywhere. I didn’t know about observational cosmology at the time but thought ‘Whatever this is, I want to do that.’”  She spent a year as a winter-over scientist at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station after working on a few experiments in Antarctica during her PhD and postdoc. One was a balloon-borne microwave telescope that was launched from McMurdo. She could have familiarized herself with telescopes in Hawaii; it was a competing opportunity when she was first offered to go to the South Pole.  “That really catalyzed my love of remote places because it didn’t take me a second to decide…To this day I still have not been to Hawaii.” Chiang worked as a Dicke postdoctoral fellow with a team of telescope scientists at Princeton University monitoring the cosmic microwave background (CMB) — the remnant radiation left over from the Big Bang.  Eventually, she wanted to engineer her own instruments. After her year at the South Pole Station, she accepted a job at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) in South Africa. At that time, the site decision was made for the largest radio telescope array on Earth — the Square Kilometre Array — and two-thirds of it was awarded to South Africa. “This was also a leap of faith because I really couldn’t continue the work I was doing before,” Chiang recalls. “I had never done radio before but I thought, ‘Let me give this a try and see how it goes.’” It was her entry point to cosmic radio waves, from cosmic microwaves. 【原创·阅读理解】 1.What was National Geographic Explorer Cynthia Chiang’s initial field of study before she switched to observational cosmology? A. Astronomy. B. Particle Physics. C. Mechanical Engineering. D. Chemistry. 【答案】B 【解析】根据文章内容，Chiang最初计划在粒子物理学领域进行博士研究，但在参观加州理工学院的实验室后，她改变了方向，转向了观测宇宙学。故选B项。 2.Why did Cynthia Chiang decide to pursue observational cosmology? A. She wanted to work with cryogenic equipment. B. She was inspired by a lab at Caltech. C. She had a lifelong interest in astronomy. D. She wanted to build radio telescopes. 【答案】B 【解析】文章提到，Chiang在参观加州理工学院的实验室时，被实验室的混乱环境所吸引，认为这是她想做的工作，因而决定从事观测宇宙学。故选B项。 3.Where did Chiang and her team install radio telescopes for their research? A. Hawaii and the South Pole. B. Two remote and quiet places on Earth. C. The University of KwaZulu-Natal. D. McMurdo Station. 【答案】B 【解析】文章中提到，Chiang和她的团队在地球上最偏远和最安静的两个地方安装了射电望远镜，以获得最佳的观测条件。故选B项。 4.What motivated Chiang to work in remote places? A. Her interest in tropical climates. B. The challenge of working in isolation. C. Her previous experience in Antarctica. D. Opportunities in warmer locations. 【答案】C 【解析】文章提到，Chiang在南极站的经历激发了她对偏远地方的热爱，使她决定继续在这些地方工作。故选C项。 5.What was Chiang's role at the University of KwaZulu-Natal? A. She worked with cryogenic equipment. B. She engineered her own instruments for studying cosmic radio waves. C. She studied cosmic microwave background radiation. D. She worked on a balloon-borne microwave telescope. 【答案】B 【解析】文章提到，Chiang在KwaZulu-Natal大学工作时，她的工作重点是工程师她自己的仪器，以研究宇宙射电波。故选B项。 【高频词汇训练】 1．（22-23高二上·上海·阶段练习）Without agreed rules to play by, and strict punishments for violations, the financial market would soon ________ into utter chaos. A．descend B．trap C．reduce D．involve 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有商定的规则可循，没有对违规行为的严厉惩罚，金融市场很快就会陷入混乱。A. 下降、陷入（糟糕境地）；B. 使落入险境；C. 降低、减少；D. 包括。此处指金融市场境况变坏，是其本身状态下降，故选A。 2．（23-24高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）________ students’ learning status and efficiency in real-time, many parents have latest monitoring devices ________ in their house. A．To inform of; assigned B．Being informed of; assigned C．To be informed of; installed D．Having informed of; installed 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词词义辨析。句意：为了实时了解学生的学习状况和学习效率，许多家长在家里安装了最新的监控设备。A. To inform of通知，了解；assigned分配，委任；B. Being informed of被告知；assigned分配，委任；C. To be informed of被告知；installed安装，安置；D. Having informed of通知，了解；installed安装，安置。分析可知，第一个空应是目的状语，用动词不定式表达，且动词短语“inform of”与逻辑主语“many parents”之间为被动关系，应是动词不定式被动结构：to be done，即，to be informed of。第二个空应是结构“have sth done”，意为“让……被做”，其中“done”为宾语补足语，且“monitoring devices”意为“监控设备”，应是动词“installed”。故选C项。 3．（23-24高一下·河南信阳·阶段练习）Kashgar becomes even (much) alive with tourists joyfully exploring a city with a history of more than 2, 000 years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more 【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：游客们兴致勃勃地游览这座拥有 2000 多年历史的城市，使喀什变得更加充满活力。even修饰形容词比较级，设空处应为比较级，alive 意为“活跃的”, 是多音节词，其比较级为 more alive。故填more。 4．（23-24高二下·福建三明·阶段练习）The   (special) thought Tim’s chances of survival were slim. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】specialist 【详解】考查名词。句意：该专家认为蒂姆活下来的机会很小。空处作主语，结合句意可知，表示“专家”用名词specialist，可数名词，此处特指认为蒂姆活下来机会很小的那位专家，specialist用单数形式。故填specialist。 5．（17-18高一下·浙江绍兴·期末）Curiosity drove him into her restaurant where he found no mutton, beef or bacon (serve). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】served 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：好奇心驱使他走进她的餐馆，发现那里没有供应羊肉、牛肉和熏肉。该句是复合句，含where引导的定语从句；固定结构：find+宾语+宾语补足语，其中宾语no mutton, beef or bacon和serve之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填served。 6．（20-21高二上·山东潍坊·阶段练习）R (回应) to body language is an important component of being a teacher. (根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】Reacting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：对肢体语言做出反应是教师的一个重要组成部分。Reacting to body language是本句的主语部分，动名词做主语，所以此处需要用动名词形式，故填Reacting。 7．（18-19高二下·江西南昌·期末）There was a time when I was so proud that I o my peers. 【答案】overlooked/verlooked 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：有一段时间，我是如此的骄傲，我忽视了我的同龄人。根据上文was可知，应用一般过去时，故填overlooked。 8．（22-23高二上·山东济南·阶段练习）You are one of the (理想的) monitor applicants in the election. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】ideal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你是这次选举中理想的班长候选人之一。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语monitor applicants，“理想的”的形容词是ideal，作定语，故填ideal。 9．（23-24高一下·福建莆田·期中）Only when we learn to exist in with nature can we stop being a to wildlife and to our planet. 只有学会与大自然和谐相处，我们才不会成为野生动植物和地球的威胁。 【答案】 harmony threat 【详解】考查名词（短语）。第一个空格填入的答案是“harmony”，与“in”搭配，形成了短语“in harmony with”，意为“与...和谐相处”。第二个空格填入的答案是“threat”，名词，与“being a”搭配，形成了短语“being a threat to”，意为“成为...的威胁”。故答案是harmony和threat。 10．（23-24高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）After receiving the Most Valuable Player award for two years (连续地), Stephen explained his philosophy.(根据汉语提示补全句子) 【答案】 in a row 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：在连续两年获得最有价值球员奖后，斯蒂芬解释了他的理念。分析句子结构，三个空白处在句子中作状语，根据汉语提示，表示“连续地”含义的介词短语为：in a row，符合句意，故填in；a；row。 【参考译文】 辛西娅·蒋正在寻找宇宙第一缕光的迹象 “从某种意义上说，”国家地理探险家Cynthia Chiang最终将从事观测宇宙学——使用专门的探测器和望远镜研究宇宙的起源和发展。“我不会撒谎，我爸爸是物理学家。我妈妈是天文学家。但没有孩子想像他们的父母一样，”她半认真地开玩笑说。 蒋一向喜欢造东西。她用父亲的研究设备做实验并不罕见；像儿童工程师一样拆卸真空室组件并将其重新组装在一起。在某种程度上，她感谢自己注意力持续时间短，导致好奇心不断发展：“我总是在找东西。” 在过去的几年里，蒋一直在寻找宇宙早期存在的迹象——从130多亿年前第一颗恒星的诞生到之前的“宇宙黑暗时代”——她正在建造自己的设备来实现这一目标。作为麦吉尔大学的物理学教授，她专注于利用新颖的无线电技术，探索当今宇宙之外的遥远过去。 自2017年以来，蒋和她在麦吉尔大学的团队一直在地球上最偏远（也是最安静）的两个地方设计和安装射电望远镜，以便最好地听到宇宙最早的呻吟。  起初，蒋计划攻读粒子物理学博士学位，但在参观了加州理工学院的一个实验室后改变了方向。“当时一片混乱。到处都是低温设备，到处都是工具。当时我不知道观测宇宙学，但我想‘不管这是什么，我都想这么做。’” 在攻读博士学位和博士后期间，她在南极洲进行了一些实验，之后在阿蒙森-斯科特南极站度过了一年的冬季。其中一个是从麦克默多发射的气球载微波望远镜。她本可以熟悉夏威夷的望远镜；当她第一次被邀请去南极时，这是一个竞争性的机会。  “这真的激发了我对偏远地区的热爱，因为我一秒钟都没有做出决定……直到今天，我还没有去过夏威夷。” 蒋在普林斯顿大学的一个望远镜科学家团队担任Dicke博士后研究员，负责监测宇宙微波背景辐射（CMB）——大爆炸留下的残余辐射。  最终，她想设计自己的仪器。在南极站工作一年后，她接受了南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学（UKZN）的一份工作。当时，决定建造地球上最大的射电望远镜阵列——平方公里阵列，其中三分之二授予了南非。 “这也是一次信仰的飞跃，因为我真的无法继续我以前做的工作，”蒋回忆道。“我以前从未做过广播，但我想，‘让我试试，看看情况如何。’” 这是她从宇宙微波中进入宇宙无线电波的入口。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$