课下主题式素养训练 (13) 选择性必修第二册 UNIT 4 HUMOUR(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版2019）

A卷 (时间：50分钟　满分：50分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A (2024·衡水中学第五次综合素养测评) IPPAWARDS 16th iPhone Photography AWARDS Call for Entries ·Categories Abstract，Animals，Architecture，Children，City life/Cityscape.Landscape Lifestyle，Nature，People，Portrait，Series (3 images)，Still Life，Travel，Other. ·Requirements Entries are open worldwide to photographers using an iPhone or iPad.Photos should not be published previously anywhere.The posts on personal accounts (Facebook，Instagram etc.) are suitable.The photos should not be changed in any desktop image processing program such as Photoshop.It is OK to use any IOS apps. The submissions must be in the original size or not smaller than 1，000 pixels in either height or width. ·Prizes All photographers compete for the 4 IPPAWARDS Photographers of the Year.Grand Prize，1st，2nd and 3rd place. Grand Prizes：All entries compete for the famous IPPA Photographer of the Year Award title. 14 Gold Bars：The 1st place winner of the 14 categories will win a Gold Bar from the most recognizable private gold mint(铸币厂) in the world. 14 Platinum Bars：The 2nd and 3rd place winners of the 14 categories will win a Platinum Bar from the most recognizable private gold mint in the world. Certificates in all Categories：All 1st，2nd and 3rd place winners from each categories will receive a IPPAWARDS certificate. Honorable Mentions：IPPAWARDS judges will award several Honorable Mention to entries to acknowledge talent as they consider fit. ·How to Enter： 1．Select how many images you want to enter. 2．Follow the check－out process to pay the entry fee. 3．Select your images and upload；click here to start. If possible，please name each image with your name and the category you are submitting like this： “FirstName－LastName－Category.jpg” ·Deadline：March 31，2023 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是第16届iPhone摄影大赛征集参赛作品的相关情况。 1．What makes a qualified entry for the competition as an iPhone user? A．An unused original photo. B．An 800－pixel photo. C．A two－image Series. D．A published photo. A　细节理解题。根据Requirements部分中的“Photos should not be published...processing program such as Photoshop.”可知，参赛作品要求以前从未发表过，而且不能有任何的加工处理，也就是必须是未经使用的原创作品。故选A。 2．What prize will you get if you win the second place in Architecture? A．Gold Bar. B．Platinum Bar. C．Honorable Mention. D．Grand prize. B　细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中的“14 Platinum Bars：The 2nd and 3rd place winners of the 14 categories will win a Platinum Bar from the most recognizable private gold mint in the world.”可知，获得第二名以及第三名的获奖者会获得世界上最知名的私人铸金厂的铂金条。故选B。 3．Where can you see this text probably? A．In a photography magazine. B．In a photography guidebook. C．On a website. D．In an iPhone advertisement. C　文章出处题。根据How to Enter：部分中的“Select your images and upload；click here to start.”可知，此处表明要在网上上传照片，并点击此处开始，由此推知，该文章可能出现在一个网站上。 B (2023·江苏苏锡常镇四市高三调研) No poverty，zero hunger，quality education，these are some of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)the United Nations(UN)established in 2015.In May 2019，the UN launched the SDG Book Club；each month，it posts on the club website a selection of books that illustrate a particular SDG to help young people interact with these goals. Batesville Intermediate School launched the Junior Ambassadors (大使) program in August 2019，using the SDG Book Club as a springboard to introduce students to a more global view on world issues.Twenty－fourth and －fifth graders met for 30 minutes four days a week to read，discuss，research，and conduct the sharing of knowledge and solutions to these issues.Research activities，special projects，and guest speakers are additional opportunities for junior ambassadors to build knowledge.What began as a desire to help small－town children expand their views grew into a broader program that affected the school，community，and beyond. The UN's recommendation of Serafina's Promise by Ann E．Burg was perfect for the junior ambassadors to begin their study of the first SDG: no poverty.The book is set in Haiti，so members of local Haitian groups were invited to speak to the program participants.Then，the junior ambassadors used their newfound knowledge to create multimedia lessons，sharing them with the other 480 students. The study of the second SDG—zero hunger—gave junior ambassadors an opportunity to organize and carry out a read－a－thon (a reading marathon) to raise funds for the Grain of Rice Project's school initiative in Kenya.The nonprofit's co－founder，Amy Ahiga spoke to and inspired the students with her passion for helping others. Junior ambassadors use what they learn to engage with their community and the world，earning the school the American Library Association's 2020 Sara Jaffarian School Library Program Award for Excellence in Humanities Programming.They can look back with pride，knowing they made a difference.With increased confidence and skills，these children will know that they can and will continue to save the world — one goal at a time. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Batesville中学发起的“青少年大使”计划以可持续发展目标读书俱乐部为跳板，向学生介绍更全球化的世界问题观点，该计划针对“消除贫困”和“零饥饿”两个可持续发展目标进行了研究活动。 4．What does the SDG Book Club do? A．Teach reading techniques. B．Provide quality education. C．Address global conflicts. D．Recommend selected books. D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“In May 204...to help young people interact with these goals.”可知，可持续发展目标读书会每个月都会推荐一些选定的书籍。故选D项。 5．What was the initial aim of launching the Junior Ambassadors program? A．To broaden children's horizons. B．To motivate children to set goals. C．To stress the importance of reading. D．To make an impact on the community. A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“What began as a desire... the school，community，and beyond.”可推知，“青少年大使”计划的最初目标是开阔孩子们的眼界。故选A项。 6．What is the similarity in the study of the first and second SDG? A．Multimedia lessons were created. B．Guest speakers concerned were invited. C．Students were inspired to raise funds. D．Junior ambassadors organized read－a－thons. B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The book is set in... to the program participants.”以及第四段中“The nonprofit's co－founder，Amy Ahiga spoke to and inspired the students with her passion for helping others.”可知，第一次和第二次可持续发展目标研究活动的共同点是都邀请了相关嘉宾发言，故选B项。 7．Which of the following can be the most suitable title of the passage? A．Earning an award from reading B．Working towards a sustainable world C．Establishing a platform to share viewpoints D．Providing a springboard for future life B　标题归纳题。根据全文内容并结合第二段首句可推知，Batesville中学发起的“青少年大使”计划以可持续发展目标读书俱乐部为跳板，向学生介绍更全球化的世界问题观点，文章介绍了该计划针对“消除贫困”和“零饥饿”两个可持续发展目标的研究活动，故B项“努力建设可持续发展的世界”适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 C (2024·合肥市第二次教学质量检测) Researchers set up an experiment in which 5－year－olds were tested with their fellows under different circumstances of transparency (透明) and different audiences.They set up a sticker machine that in some settings was transparent，and they also created other settings in which only the giver of stickers knew how many stickers he could give.They had children give out stickers in both settings.The results were striking：children were consistently generous only when the receiver of stickers and audience were fully aware of the donation options.Children were notably ungenerous when the receiver of stickers couldn't see the options. The researchers said，“Children only showed consistently prosocial behavior in our study in the condition where they could see the receiver and their allocations(分配的东西)were fully visible；in all other conditions，children were statistically ungenerous，giving the receiver the smaller amount of stickers.” They made the conclusions that at a very early age，children are learning how to position themselves socially.Well before they apprehend the sociology of their networks and what social reputation really means，they think strategically about giving as a function of how they can gain a reputation with peers as a generous citizen or prosocial agent when the receiver observes them. Children change their behavior in response to having an audience.Help children give things to others in full view，for example，delivering meals to families who need support，and in private or anonymously too，for example，dropping off treats or surprises for those in their life without signing their names.Also，children should be reminded that thank－you notes are lovely but unnecessary to receive.When we give gifts or lend help to others，try to help children remember why we provide something for others.It really doesn't have to be recognized.When a thank－you card doesn't come，it doesn't make a gift any less valuable or meaningful for those who were lucky enough to receive it. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究表明小孩在能够看到接收者，且他们的分配物完全可见的时候会很慷慨。作者还对如何培养小孩子变得慷慨提供了一些建议。 8．What did the researchers discover? A．The givers' behavior greatly inspired the receivers to help in return. B．The children gave out an equal number of stickers in both settings. C．The presence of an audience affected children's decisions to give. D．Donating helped children to become more generous in the future. C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“children were consistently generous ...couldn't see the options”可知，只有当贴纸的接收者和观众完全知道捐赠选择时，孩子们才会一直慷慨。当接收贴纸的人看不到这些选择时，孩子们明显不慷慨。由此可知，有无观众会影响孩子们捐赠的决定，故C项正确。 9．Which is prosocial behavior according to the researchers? A．Observing the givers. B．Donating more stickers. C．Gaining a reputation. D．Receiving more allocations. B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Children only showed consistently prosocial behavior ...giving the receiver the smaller amount of stickers”可知，只有当孩子们能够看到接收者，并且他们的分配物完全可见时，他们才会表现出一贯的亲社会行为；在所有其他情况下，从统计数据来看，孩子们都很吝啬，给接收者的贴纸数量较少。再结合第一段中的“children were consistently generous ...the donation options”可推知，研究人员认为，慷慨，即捐赠更多贴纸是亲社会行为。 10．What does the underlined word “apprehend” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Share. B．Predict. C．Confirm. D．Understand. D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句的“at a very early age，children are learning how to position themselves socially”可知，在很小的时候，孩子们就在学着如何在社交方面定位自己，因此此处是说早在他们明白他们的人际关系网和社会名声真正意味着什么之前，他们就进行了有策略的思考，故D项与画线词的意义最为接近。 11．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To suggest recognizing others' kindness. B．To acknowledge the giver's contribution. C．To confirm the benefits of being grateful. D．To advise inspiring generosity in children. D　推理判断题。最后一段讲帮助孩子们在全方位的注视下给予别人东西，还讲述了帮助孩子们在私下里或匿名给予别人东西。此外，本段还讲了我们应该提醒孩子们，我们帮助别人的行为不一定非要得到赏识。由此可知，本段主要就如何把孩子培养成一个慷慨的人提出了一些建议，故D项正确。 D (2024·山东省淄博市三模) It has long been known that bees live in large，and highly complex societies.But bumblebees maybe smarter than previously thought.New research from the scientists at the Queen Mary University of London，UK，recently published in the issue of PLOS Biology，shows that bees can learn how to problem－solve from one another. The new study has shown that bees can learn to solve even complex behaviors through cooperation.In order to test their theories researchers designed a fairly simple puzzle for bees to solve.A bee was placed in a box that could either be opened by pushing a red label or blue label and then would receive a sugary treat for their efforts.The bee was then re－released back to its colony(领地)．Amazingly enough，the bees in colonies that are home to those bees who learned to open the puzzle using the red label all used the red label to open the puzzle，while the bees in the blue colony all used the blue label. Dr.Alice Bridges，a lead on the study，said，“These creatures are really quite incredible.They're really，really good at learning despite having these tiny，tiny brains.Our research suggests that social learning may have had a greater influence on the evolution of this behaviour than previously imagined.” Professor Lars Chittka，the author of the book The Mind of a Bee，said：“We tend to overlook the ‘alien civilisations’ formed by bees and ants on our planet—because they are small－bodied and their societies and architectural constructions seem governed by birth at first glance.Our research shows，however，that new innovations can spread like social media memes(模因) through insect colonies，indicating that they can respond to wholly new environmental challenges much faster than by evolutionary changes，which would take many generations to show.” Regardless of how one defines culture，the discovery that bumblebees share information is an astonishing evidence to the complexity of the natural world.Even the smallest insect is a part of a much larger ecosystem and is as much a part of the natural order of things as is humankind. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究表明，蜜蜂可以通过互相学习来解决问题，应对新环境。 12．What is the purpose of the study? A．To prove bees' social nature. B．To explain bees' complex behaviors. C．To confirm bees' problem－solving ability. D．To test bees' ability of identifying colors. C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“New research from the scientists ...problem－solve from one another.”可知，该项研究的目的是证实了蜜蜂可以从彼此身上学习如何解决问题。故选C项。 13．How do bees respond to the new environment in the study? A．By trial and error. B．By recognizing dances. C．By evolutionary changes. D．By observation and imitation. D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，蜂群里的蜜蜂可以通过向同伴学习，来用对应颜色标签打开谜题；根据文章第四段最后一句可知，这种新的创新可以像社交媒体模因一样在昆虫群体中传播，让昆虫们可以更快地应对全新的环境挑战。由此可推知，蜜蜂等昆虫会通过互相学习来应对新的环境。D项“By observation and imitation.(通过观察和模仿)”与文章内容最相符。 14．What can be inferred from Professor Lars Chittka's words? A．Information delivery is formed by nature. B．Bees react to the new environment swiftly. C．People can be well aware of insects' actions. D．New information spread among insects randomly. B　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的最后一句可知，Professor Lars Chittka认为，昆虫可以比进化更快地应对全新的环境挑战。 15．What does the author think of the discovery? A．It deserves to be valued. B．It gains high approval. C．It is overvalued. D．It is underestimated. A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，作者认为不管人们如何定义文化，大黄蜂分享信息的发现是自然界复杂性的一个惊人证据。由此可推知，作者认为这一发现是很有价值的，值得被重视。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·武汉市质量检测) Having a good sense of humor makes you more enjoyable to be around.1(____)．Here's how you can develop your sense of humor. ·Surround Yourself with Humor You learn more effectively when you fully expose yourself to a subject.Similarly，you can improve your sense of humor by surrounding yourself with humor.Watch standup comedians.Listen to programs that amuse you.Read humorous books.2(____)． ·Learn What Amuses You 3(____)．We amuse our friends by praising a change they made.However，when it comes to being funny，don't change your sense of humor to amuse other people.Instead，start with what amuses you.Then，if you think the other person will also be amused with it，share it with them. ·Think about Timing and Audience You don't have to be funny all the time，so don't expect that of yourself.When you catch yourself trying to be funny，slow down.Simply speak slower so you're not as likely to stop and repeat yourself.Try speaking at 60－70 % of your usual rate.4(____)． 5(____) You don't need to seize every single opportunity to be funny.If you're in the middle of a bad joke，just end it.“You know what，now that I'm telling it，it's not as funny as it sounded in my head，” can be a bit of an awkward end and hurt your pride a little bit，but it saves everyone time and patience.In the long run，they'll respect your taste. A．Be Creative，Not Silly B．Pause in between sentences C．There's a lot of fun out there D．You might also do better at work E．Know When to Pull the Plug on Yourself F．You can also try your hand in the real world G．A lot of times，we say things purely to please others 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何培养幽默感。 1．D　根据上文“Having a good sense of humor makes you more enjoyable to be around.”可知，上文介绍有幽默感的好处。根据下文“Here's how you can develop your sense of humor.”可知，下文引出如何培养幽默感。故空格处应承接上文，继续补充幽默感的好处。故选D。 2．C　根据上文“Watch standup comedians.Listen to programs that amuse you.Read humorous books.”可知，上文这些做法都可以帮助培养幽默感。C项说明这些做法可以获得乐趣，符合语境。 3．G　根据下文“We amuse our friends by praising a change they made.However，when it comes to being funny，don't change your sense of humor to amuse other people.”可知，下文讲到我们通过赞扬朋友所做的改变来取悦他们。但However后又说我们不要为了取悦他人而改变自己的幽默感。由此推知，空格处内容应与“取悦他人”有关。故选G。 4．B　根据本段小标题“Think about Timing and Audience”可知，本段主要围绕时机和受众给出建议。B项“Pause in between sentences(在句子之间停顿)”符合本段主旨。故选B项。 5．E　从前面几个小标题的句式结构可知，此处应填入祈使句。根据下文可知，本段主要建议人们要学会适可而止。E项“Know When to Pull the Plug on Yourself(知道什么时候该拔掉自己的插头)”最能概括本段主旨。故选E。 B卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：60分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·山东省高三上适应性联考) Damon Carson calls himself a matchmaker (媒人) of the never－ending waste of American society，trying not to pair people with people，but things with people. In the late 1990s，Carson was on break from business school in Vail，Colorado，when he discovered the vast world of waste.He began thinking about creating a secondhand store that would sell old materials and keep them out of being wasted.As a result，in 2010，his company，Repurposed Materials，appeared. For nearly ten years，his company，Repurposed Materials，has not been looking to recycle the waste he gets—breaking it down to make something new—but rather finding new homes for thrown－away goods in their original forms. Carson，a husband and father of three adult children，is far from wasteful.Frugal is how he describes himself.The clothes he's wearing all came from a charity shop；his truck was bought with 290，000 kilometers driven. “Why break something down，why melt something down，if it still has value？” he asks.An old oil－field pipe might be melted down and turned into a car bumper，but it still takes an amount of power to finish the complete change.Why not leave it as a steel pipe? Why not turn it into a fence post on a farm? The only cost is transport. American industrial facilities create and throw about 7.6 billion tons of unwanted industrial materials every year.For the moment，Carson's unique business finds new lives for millions of kilograms of industrial waste every year. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了达蒙卡森经营公司，为一些被废弃的垃圾寻找新的归宿，不需再次浪费能源回收，保护环境的故事。 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Carson's school lessons. B．Carson's journey to Colorado. C．The start of Carson's business. D．The serious waste of materials. C　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要讲述Carson的生意是如何创办的，故选C。 2．What is Repurposed Materials aimed at? A．Marketing wastes to people in need. B．Breaking down the wasted goods. C．Manufacturing industrial products. D．Recycling the thrown－away stuffs. A　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，Repurposed Materials的目标是将废品卖给有需要的人，故选A。 3．How does Carson describe his life? A．Economical. B．Poetic. C．Tough. D．Risky. A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Frugal is how he describes himself.”可知，Carson用节俭描述自己的生活，故选A。 4．What can we learn from Carson? A．Well begun，half done. B．Innovative thinking counts. C．One is never too old to learn. D．Hard work will pay back. B　推理判断题。根据第三段和最后一段最后一句可知，Carson的公司并没有将回收的垃圾分解成新的东西，而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿，这项独特业务每年为数百万公斤的工业废物找到新的生命，由此可推知“创新思维很重要”，故选B。 B (2024·江西省名校高三联考) Nash equilibrium (纳什均衡) is named after John Nash，an American mathematician.It is a kind of concept，which attempts to determine mathematically and logically the actions that participants of a game should take to secure the best outcomes for themselves. To find it in a game，one would have to model out each of the possible scenarios to determine the results and then choose what the most satisfactory strategy would be.In a two－person game，this would take into consideration the possible strategies that both players could choose.If neither player changes their strategy knowing all of the information，a Nash equilibrium has occurred. Imagine a game between Tom and Sam.In this simple game，both players can choose strategy A to receive $1，or strategy B to lose $1.Logically，both players choose strategy A and receive a payoff of $1.If you revealed Sam's strategy to Tom and vice versa (反之亦然)，you see that no player's choice is different from the original one.Knowing the other player's move means little and doesn't change either player's behavior.Outcome A represents the Nash equilibrium. Nash equilibrium helps a player determine the best payoff in a situation based on not only their decisions but also the decisions of other parties involved.It can also be used in many aspects of life，from economics to social behavioral sciences，from business strategies to a house sale and so on. Unlike dominant strategy，Nash equilibrium doesn't always lead to the most satisfactory outcome. In most cases，such as in war，whether that is a military war or a bidding war，an individual rarely knows the opponent's strategy or what they want the outcome to be.It just means that an individual chooses the best strategy based on the information they have.Nash equilibrium can only occur if a player chooses to remain with their current strategy if they know their opponent's strategy.Furthermore，in multiple games played with the same opponents，it does not take into consideration past behavior，which often predicts future behavior. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纳什均衡的概念和应用。 5．Which kind of concept does Nash equilibrium belong to? A．Game theory. B．Secrecy strategies. C．Player information. D．Participation qualifications. A　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，纳什均衡是一种概念，它试图从数学和逻辑上确定游戏参与者应该采取的行动，以确保自己获得最佳结果。 6．How does the author explain Nash equilibrium in Paragraph 3? A．By quoting sayings. B．By drawing a parallel. C．By summarizing reasons. D．By giving an illustration. D　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者通过Tom和Sam的示例来解释纳什均衡。 7．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Nash equilibrium? A．Its elements. B．Its drawbacks. C．Its applications. D．Its backgrounds. C　段落大意题。通读第四段可知，该段主要介绍了纳什均衡在生活方面的应用。 8．What is the author's attitude to Nash equilibrium? A．Objective. B．Resistant. C．Confused. D．Curious. A　观点态度题。第四段谈到纳什均衡帮助玩家在某种情况下确定最佳收益。第五段指出纳什均衡并不总是得到最令人满意的结果。由此可知，作者客观地看待纳什均衡。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) (2024·邯郸市第二次模拟) Benefits of Forest Bathing Forest bathing means spending time in nature to promote physical and mental health.In recent years，forest bathing has gained popularity around the world.This practice encourages people to connect with nature by taking slow walks，engaging in activities such as yoga or meditation，and embracing the present moment.1(____)． Aid in reducing stress Forest bathing can help reduce stress.Connecting with nature decreases cortisol(皮质醇) levels，the hormone responsible for feelings of stress.2(____)! Even before you physically enter the forest，just imagining staying there can positively affect your cortisol levels. A natural mood enhancer If you want to elevate your mood，take a trip to the forest.A forest bathing trip can ease your mood significantly.3(____)．Forests are also associated with calming effects on the mind and body. 4(____) It's no secret that nature plays a vital role in human life，and the two are strongly connected.In natural environments，plants and trees release some special oils，which can protect plants from germs.They also have many human health benefits.In addition to enhancing mood，these oils are also a natural immunity booster. Inspire focus and concentration 5(____)．It can provide an ideal atmosphere for creative thinking and problem－solving.It allows you to focus on creative solutions without interruption.Increased energy levels during the day are also achieved with regular visits to nature because natural beauty surroundings help reduce stress levels，leaving you feeling energized and ready for the day ahead. A．Improve your intelligence B．Help boost your immune system C．It can help reduce your anxiety，depression，and tiredness D．Forest bathing provides an opportunity to escape disturbance E．Here are some ways you can benefit from going into the forest F．So the more time you spend in nature，the more relaxed you will be G．Here are the benefits of forest bathing that you can start gaining today 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了森林浴的好处。 1．G　根据前句“This practice encourages people to connect with nature by taking slow walks，engaging in activities such as yoga or meditation，and embracing the present moment.”及下文可知，文章主要介绍森林浴的好处。故选G。 2．F　根据前句“Connecting with nature decreases cortisol(皮质醇) levels，the hormone responsible for feelings of stress.”可知，在大自然中降低皮质醇水平可以减少压力，因此你在大自然中待的时间越长，越放松。故选F。 3．C　根据前句“A forest bathing trip can ease your mood significantly.”和后句“Forests are also associated with calming effects on the mind and body.”可知，森林浴可以起到缓解情绪和镇静身心的作用，从而减少焦虑、抑郁和疲劳。故选C。 4．B　根据下文可知，本段介绍森林浴可以增强人的免疫力。故选B。 5．D　根据下文“It can provide an ideal atmosphere for creative thinking and problem－solving.It allows you to focus on creative solutions without interruption.”可知，森林浴是一个让你不受干扰的场所。故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2024·武汉市高三年级五月模拟) The schools in Massachusetts were thought as the best in the country.And an Olympic size swimming pool was the __1__．But it wasn't for me. I was quite __2__ in regular classes and sat in the back so I'd not be __3__ to read.Each Monday I would work my way to the back of the __4__ forming at the diving board so I would not have to practice the dives. My blood ran cold when the teacher __5__ we would be graded for our final on the most difficult dive—the jackknife.I trembled as the line to the diving board __6__．As I watched，each student seemed to perform the dive __7__．They just jumped at the end of the board once，added a jump for __8__，folded her body in half，and finally __9__ out like an arrow for entry into the water. I think I was actually in a state of __10__，because all of a sudden I saw these four steps as __11__．Then it was my turn.With my heart __12__，I barely finished as I had __13__ in my mind.Though I received an average grade that day，I was __14__ with it.It was awesome to think that I just learned my first dive；__15__，I believed whatever I met in the future，I would give a try first. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了害羞的作者第一次尝试跳水的经历。 1． A．biggest B．focus C．proof D．best C　根据前文“The schools in Massachusetts were thought as the best in the country.”可知，奥林匹克规模的游泳池证明了前文的说法。 2． A．shy B．autonomous C．consistent D．dull A　根据后文“sat in the back”可知，作者害羞，所以坐在后面。 3． A．called in B．called upon C．pulled up D．pulled apart B　根据后文“to read”可知，作者很害羞，坐在后面，这样就不会被要求阅读。 4． A．seat B．room C．pool D．line D　根据后文“forming at the diving board”指跳板前排队的队伍。 5． A．claimed B．instructed C．suggested D．announced D　根据后文“we would be graded for our final on the most difficult dive”指老师宣布考试跳水科目。 6． A．lengthened B．shortened C．formed D．disappeared B　根据前文“I trembled as the line to the diving board”可知，前面的人都跳水了，所以队伍缩短了，作者很害怕。 7． A．effortlessly B．undoubtedly C．hopelessly D．unbelievably A　结合后文的描述可知，作者看着别的同学都完成得毫不费力。 8． A．grades B．dive C．height D．action C　根据前文“added a jump for”可知，跳跃是为了增加高度，故选C。 9． A．jumped B．stuck C．reached D．straightened D　根据后文“out like an arrow”可知，身体像箭一样伸直，故选D。 10．A．hesitation B．shock C．satisfaction D．confusion B　前文提到同学都完成得很轻松，结合后文作者也进行了尝试，可知当时真的很震惊，因为觉得自己也能完成。 11．A．acceptable B．reasonable C．doable D．breathable C　结合后文作者进行了跳水尝试，可知作者觉得这四个步骤是可行的。 12．A．pounding B．torn C．broken D．sinking A　根据前文“With my heart”可知，指心跳加速。 13．A．pictured B．judged C．expected D．mentioned A　根据后文“in my mind”可知，指脑海中想象的画面，故选A。 14．A．patient B．strict C．pleased D．connected C　Though表示转折，说明成绩一般，但作者很满意。 15．A．however B．instead C．overall D．meanwhile D　根据后文“I believed whatever I met in the future，I would give a try first.”可知，作者学会了跳水的同时，相信无论自己在未来遇到什么，都会先尝试一下。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1.5分，共15分) (2024·合肥市第二次教学质量检测) Jingxi Taiping Drum is a traditional form of dancing that is popular in Mentougou District of Beijing.The earliest historical references of this art 1________(date) back to the Spring and Autumn Period and describe how it was 2________ (initial) used in ceremonies to drive away bad spirits and pray for good fortune.During the Qing Dynasty，the drums were also played on the New Year's Eve of the lunar calendar at the imperial palace.3________ consequence，the performance also became known as the “New Year Drum” by Beijingers.Nowadays，this type of drum dance is commonly seen 4________ (perform) during the last and first months of the lunar year in many local festive activities，thus 5________ (express) people's hope of a peaceful and prosperous(繁荣的) year to come. A Taiping Drum is usually made up of a shell，a cloth skin，and a handle with 6________ handful of decorative rings，and this single－sided drum is usually played with a wooden mallet (木槌)．Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts 7________(reflect) in the drum playing，pace and formation changes，all of 8________ represent distinctive local features. With its great 9________ (popular)，the Jingxi Taiping Drum dance has been performed in local villages as well as on national and international 10________(stage)．Today，the time－honored folk art is being taken up by the young generation and is presenting its lively artistic charm. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了国家级非物质文化遗产北京门头沟区京西太平鼓的发展历史、表演形式和现状。 1．date　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析语境可知，此处描述客观事实，故时态用一般现在时；date back to“追溯到”，无被动语态；主语为复数形式。所以空处填date。 2．initially　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故填副词initially。 3．In　考查介词。此处考查固定表达in consequence“所以，因此”，注意首字母要大写。 4．performed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是is seen，空处在句中作非谓语，与逻辑主语this type of drum dance之间是动宾关系，所以空处填performed。 5．expressing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处构成非谓语动词短语作结果状语，此处表示自然而然的结果，故填expressing。 6．a　考查冠词。此处考查固定表达a handful of“一把，少量”。故填a。 7．are reflected　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作本句的谓语。本句讲述的是一个客观事实，时态用一般现在时；reflect与主语“Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的)concepts”之间是被动关系；主语为复数。所以空处填are reflected。 8．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以空处填which。 9．popularity　考查词性转换。根据空前的its great可知，空处应填名词popularity。with the popularity of .../with one's popularity“随着……的普及/受欢迎”。 10．stages　考查名词的单复数。stage“舞台”，是可数名词。结合语境“京西太平鼓在当地的村庄和国内外舞台都有演出”可知，空处表示复数概念，所以填stages。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$