课下主题式素养训练 (12) 选择性必修第一册 UNIT 3 CONSERVATION(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版2019）

A卷 (时间：50分钟　满分：50分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分)　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A (2024·山东省烟台市高三二模) Start a getaway to three of Italy's most­loved cities：Rome，Florence and Venice! This 5­day trip takes you to some finest artistic treasures in the country. Day 1 Arrive in Rome Upon arrival in Rome，get to your city centre accommodation by taxi.You can explore it as you like，appreciating the architectural wonders of Ancient Rome and the Baroque Era or spending a leisurely afternoon in cafes listening to music. Day 2 Visit the Vatican Museums & the Colosseum You'll begin the day by walking to the Vatican Museums for a guided tour of this fantastic landmark.The museums contain many eye­opening artworks.After lunch，you'll take a taxi to the symbol of the city，the Colosseum，constructed in the first century to host events like animal hunts or human fighting games. Day 3 Travel to Florence & Explore After breakfast，you'll check out and make your way to the train station in Rome to catch your express train to Florence.Then check into your hotel and head out on a guided tour of Florence's key landmarks.The longest­standing symbol of Florence，up until 1218，Ponte Vecchio was the only bridge that crossed the Arno River. Day 4 Travel to Venice & Explore You'll catch your train to Venice，a city built entirely on water and spread over 100 islands that attracts each and every visitor! On arrival，catch a water taxi to your hotel and check in.The afternoon will be spent getting to know Venice and learning all about its history and famous landmarks with a guide. Day 5 Say Goodbye to Italy! After breakfast at your hotel，a private driver will drive you to the airport，marking the end of your trip. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了为期5天的意大利之旅及旅行的具体安排。 1．What do we know about the Colosseum? A．It dates from 3，000 years ago. B．It reflected Italian social justice. C．It's a contemporary art museum. D．It was established for entertainment. D　细节理解题。根据“Day 2 Visit the Vatican Museums & the Colosseum”部分关键句“After lunch，you'll take a taxi ...or human fighting games.”可知，斗兽场用于举办动物狩猎或人类格斗游戏等活动，由此可知，斗兽场是为娱乐而设立的。 2．Which means of transport is suggested from Rome to Florence? A．By air. B．By rail. C．By water. D．By road. B　细节理解题。根据“Day 3 Travel to Florence & Explore”部分关键句“After breakfast，you'll check out and make your way to the train station in Rome to catch your express train to Florence.”可知，您将去罗马火车站搭乘特快列车去佛罗伦萨，由此可知，文章建议我们从罗马乘火车去佛罗伦萨。 3．What's the purpose of the text? A．To promote a tour. B．To recommend exhibits. C．To advertise a travel agency. D．To introduce historical sites. A　写作目的题。通读全文，结合第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了为期5天的意大利之旅及旅行的具体安排，由此可知，文章的主要目的是宣传一个旅游项目。 B (2023·安徽芜湖二模) Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the way we interact with technology.One of the most exciting developments in AI is ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence language model based on the GPT­3.5 architecture.ChatGPT has the potential to innovate the way we communicate and process information, and its capabilities are only beginning to be understood. One of the most impressive features of ChatGPT is its ability to learn from vast amounts of text data.This allows it to understand and provide responses to a wide range of topics and questions, from science and technology to entertainment and sports.It is capable of dealing with texts in a variety of natural languages, including English, Spanish, and Chinese.It is not limited to a specific set of data or rules, but rather has the capacity to learn and develop gradually based on the input it receives. Moreover, ChatGPT has been applied in diverse settings, from chatbots and virtual assistants to language translation and content generation.For example, ChatGPT has been used to generate news articles, poetry, and even song lyrics.It has also been used in healthcare to assist with diagnosing and treating patients. Despite its many benefits, ChatGPT is not perfect.Like all machine learning models, it can sometimes make mistakes or generate responses that are inappropriate or offensive.So users should be cautious to use it. In conclusion, ChatGPT is a powerful tool that has the potential to transform the way we communicate and process information.While it is still a relatively new technology, its capabilities are already being explored in different settings.As the technology continues to develop, it is important for developers and users to be aware of its limitations and to use it responsibly.If used wisely, ChatGPT could be a major step forward in the development of artificial intelligence and the way we interact with technology. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT：一个很有前途的人工智能工具。 4．What can we know about ChatGPT from Paragraph 2? A．Its information is only from its input. B．It has been applied to all kinds of fields. C．It has limitations in a specific set of data or rules. D．It can be used to process texts in different languages. D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，ChatGPT可以用来处理不同语言的文本。 5．Why does the author mention “news articles, poetry and lyrics”？ A．To explain a rule. B．To prove a fact. C．To make a prediction. D．To clarify a misunderstanding. B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知，作者提到新闻文章、诗歌甚至歌词是为了证明上文作者提出的观点——ChatGPT已应用于各种环境，从聊天机器人和虚拟助手到语言翻译和内容生成。 6．What can we learn from the passage? A．ChatGPT always gives improper answers. B．GPT­3.5 is more advanced than ChatGPT. C．It's necessary for users to understand the weaknesses of ChatGPT. D．ChatGPT is definitely a major step forward in advancing artificial intelligence. C　推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知，作者认为用户在使用ChatGPT时有必要了解ChatGPT的弱点。 7．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．ChatGPT: a perfect assistant B．ChatGPT: a powerful learner C．ChatGPT: a promising tool of artificial intelligence　 D．ChatGPT: a wise information processor and generator　 C　标题归纳题。根据文章第一段内容以及最后一段“In conclusion, ChatGPT is a powerful ... are already being explored in different settings.”可知，文章主要介绍了一个极有前途的人工智能工具——ChatGPT。所以“ChatGPT: a promising tool of artificial intelligence”作为文章标题最为合适。 C (2024·山东省烟台市等2地高三一模) Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world.Whether it is tapping technology or applying the best parenting practices to meet a parenting need，parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their children. Modern parents often look to the internet and social media for parenting advice.The availability of resources has helped modern parents engage more in their children's development，both academically and emotionally.Modern parents are also more eager to find out effective parenting methods to help them raise disciplined and confident children. A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting，where parents are much too focused on their children.They help children with tasks they're capable of doing on their own，like selecting activities and friends for them，or calling their teachers about homework matters.Such a parenting style can hold back the development of the children's ability to handle responsibilities independently.Children might be ill­equipped with life skills such as doing laundry (洗衣)，clearing their plates or coping with their schoolwork.Always protecting children from failures may also prevent them developing adaptability and acquiring skills like problem­solving. On the other hand，parents in the past tended to monitor less.Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends.Domestic helpers were also not the norm then.Hence children of the past were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger brothers and sisters and managing housework.Living in the pre­internet age，parents were less informed about different parenting methods，and their parenting styles were guided more by their personalities，common sense and friendly advice from the extended family and neighbors，rather than by social media influences or parenting websites. There is no one right way to raise a child.Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering，who are supportive but not controlling，and who protect but not care too much. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近些年来“育儿模式”的变化历程。 8．What does the underlined word “tapping” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Employing. B．Tracking. C．Monitoring. D．Identifying. A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“applying the best parenting practices”可知，画线词与后文的applying构成并列结构，表示“利用技术”。 9．What is a distinctive characteristic of helicopter parenting? A．Flexible. B．Efficient. C．Conventional. D．Overinvolved. D　推理判断题。根据第三段中前两句可知，“直升机式育儿”的显著特征是在孩子的活动中，父母参与得太多。 10．What do we know about parents in the past? A．They educated kids in a rigid way. B．They overestimated their kids' independence. C．They afforded kids more space for self­growth. D．They tended to stay away from social activities. C　细节理解题。根据第四段中前两句可知，过去的父母对孩子监督较少，给予孩子更多的空间。 11．What does the text mainly tell us? A．How to raise all­round children. B．How to enhance parent­child bonds. C．How parenting modes have shifted over the years. D．How information technology boosts people's lifestyles. C　主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world.”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是近些年来的育儿模式发生的变化。 D (2024·山东省临沂市高三二模) Have you ever wished you could be better organised or more sociable? Perhaps you're a constant worrier，and you'd prefer to be a little more carefree? Many surveys show that at least two­thirds of people would like to change some elements of their personality.In the past，such desires appeared to be unachievable.Like the proverbial leopard that could never change its spots，our virtues and flaws were believed to be woven into the fabric of our minds. Recent scientific research，however，proves this expectation of personality's permanence wrong.With the right psychological strategies and enough effort，many people can successfully shape their core personalities into what they desire. Our genes almost certainly play a role：it's why people's personalities often reflect their biological parents' ones.The influence of our social environment was thought to end in early adulthood，as the brain reached maturity.If this were true，it wouldn't be possible to shift personality at will.Yet that is exactly what psychology professor Nathan Hudson and his colleagues have shown with a series of groundbreaking studies. The interventions in their studies typically involve arranging regular activities that reflect the personalities people wish to adopt.A quiet person who wished to be more outgoing，for example，might have the goal of introducing themselves to a stranger once a week，or making small talk with the cashier at their local supermarket. The aim is for the thinking patterns and behaviours they generate to become habitual.In the first trial，provided participants actually completed those arranged tasks，their personalities shifted in the desired direction.Similarly exciting results could be seen in a later trial.The differences of participants' personalities before and after the intervention were still apparent three months after the experiment had ended.As Aristotle argued more than 2，300 years ago，we become what we repeatedly do. The unexpected plasticity of our minds should be good news for anyone who wishes they were a bit more sociable，organised，or happy­go­lucky.Another potential benefit is that awareness of this research could help improve mental health. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。最近的科学研究证明，通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子。 12．Why is “leopard” mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To explain that our minds consist of virtues and flaws. B．To show the similarity between leopards and human beings. C．To prove a possibility that people can change their personality. D．To demonstrate the previous belief that personalities remain fixed. D　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知，在第二段提到了“豹”是为了证明先前的观点，即人格是固定的。 13．What can be inferred about the “interventions”？ A．The two trials reached different conclusions. B．Activities are tailored to specific personalities. C．The purpose is to better people's personalities. D．People's personalities can be changed but can't last. B　推理判断题。根据第五段可推知，活动是为特定的个性量身定制的。 14．What has Nathan Hudson's team shown through their studies? A．The previous expectation of personality's permanence was confirmed. B．The influence of our social environment ends when the brain matures. C．The desire to change some elements of our personality can be achieved. D．Our genes play a greater role in our personality than social environment. C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，内森·哈德森的团队通过他们的研究表明了改变我们个性的某些元素的愿望是可以实现的。 15．What is the best title for the text? A．We Are What We Do B．Habits Make Things Easier C．Your Personality Is Not Set in Stone D．A Leopard Never Changes Its Spots C　标题归纳题。根据第三段内容可知，文章主要介绍了最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子，C选项“你的性格不是一成不变的”最适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·山东省淄博市高三一模) Tips on Preventing a Sports­Related Injury Playing sports is a great way to exercise，and that doesn't have to stop once you're an adult.1(____) But when we're active，we also increase the chance of getting injuries. These injuries are painful and often require missing games and practices to give your body the proper rest and care needed to recover.Unfortunately，a previous injury is one of the most significant predictors of a future injury.2(____) Here are some injury prevention tips： 3(____) Talk with your doctor about any past sports injuries during your next checkup or before the next season starts.Your doctor can recommend corrective exercises to help you be more resistant to a future injury. Be aware of the environment and field conditions.Environment doesn't just mean the weather，although that is important，but also how safely teammates and the opponents are playing.4(____) Ice or wet spots or holes can set the stage for a fall and result in an injury. Watch for athletic sportsmanship.When athletes don't play by the rules or play too aggressively，an injury is more likely to occur.Watch to ensure officials and members of the other team demonstrate a good understanding of fair play. Recognize an injury.Despite our best efforts，an injury can happen.5(____) Take yourself out of the game and have the injury assessed so it doesn't get worse.Before going back into the game，give yourself time to heal completely and develop a strategy to prevent the injury from happening again. By taking these smart steps to avoid (and if necessary，address) injuries，you can set the stage for a life­long，healthy love of sports. A．Assess potential injuries. B．Arrange for an athletic screening. C．Sporting activities may result in any type of injury. D．Sports is an ideal way to socialize and maintain fitness. E．Also，check out the field or court where you're playing. F．If it does，it's very important to address it immediately. G．That's why injury prevention—not just treatment or recovery—is key. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预防运动损伤的几点建议。 1．D　根据空前的“Playing sports is a great way to exercise，and that doesn't have to stop once you're an adult.”可知，运动是很好的锻炼方式，而空后“But when we're active，we also increase the chance of getting injuries.”中的but表明，此空与下文内容为转折关系， D选项“Sports is an ideal way to socialize and maintain fitness.”讲述的是锻炼是社交和保持健康的理想方式，符合语境。 2．G　此处应对该段进行总结，根据空前的“Unfortunately，a previous injury is one of the most significant predictors of a future injury.”可知，旧伤可能是未来受伤的一个重要的预测因素之一，由此可知，此空对上文内容做进一步的陈述，故选G。 3．B　此空处为该段小标题，与其他段落的小标题均应为祈使句，根据空后的“Talk with your doctor about any past sports injuries during your next checkup or before the next season starts.”可知，此处涉及的是检查过去的运动损伤时的内容，故选B。 4．E　根据小标题“Be aware of the environment and field conditions.”可知，该段讲述的与运动环境和场地有关系，E选项“Also，check out the field or court where you're playing.”讲述的内容与查看运动场地有关，与本段主题吻合。故选E。 5．F　根据该段主题句“Recognize an injury.”可知，该段讲述的是受伤后要辨别一下受伤情况，结合空前的“Despite our best efforts，an injury can happen.”可知，该空讲述的应为万一受伤应如何处理，F选项中的if it does与空前内容承接自然。故选F项。 B卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：60分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·石家庄市教学质量检测) Throughout all the events in my life，one in particular sticks out more than the others.As I reflect on this significant event，a smile spreads across my face.As I think of Shanda，I feel loved and grateful. It was my twelfth year of dancing，I thought it would end up like any other year：stuck in emptiness，forgotten and without the belief of any teacher or friend that I really had the potential to achieve greatness. However，I met Shanda，a young，talented choreographer (编舞者)．She influenced me to work to the best of my ability，pushed me to keep going when I wanted to give up，encouraged me and showed me the real importance of dancing.Throughout our hard work，not only did my ability to dance grow，but my friendship with Shanda grew as well. With the end of the year came our show time.As I walked to a backstage filled with other dancers，I hoped for a good performance that would prove my improvement.I waited anxiously for my turn.Finally，after what seemed like days，the loudspeaker announced my name.Butterflies filled my stomach as I took trembling steps onto the big lighted stage.But，with the determination to succeed and eagerness to live up to Shanda，expectations for me，I began to dance.All my troubles and nerves went away as I danced my whole heart out. As I walked up to the judge to receive my first place shining，gold trophy (奖杯)，I realized that dance is not about becoming the best.It was about loving dance for dance itself，a getaway from all my problems in the world.Shanda showed me that you could let everything go and just dance what you feel at that moment.After all the doubts that people had in me，I believed in myself and did not care what others thought.Thanks to Shanda，dance became more than a love of mine，but a passion. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在编舞者杉达的帮助下，唤醒了对于舞蹈的热情，获得金牌的故事。 1．What did the author think her dancing would be for the twelfth year? A．A change for the better. B．A disappointment as before. C．A proof of her potential. D．A pride of her teachers and friends. B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者认为第十二年她的舞蹈会和以前一样是使人失望的事。 2．How did Shanda help the author? A．By offering her financial help. B．By entering her in a competition. C．By coaching her for longer hours. D．By awakening her passion for dancing. D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She influenced me to...the real importance of dancing.”可知，杉达鼓励作者，向作者展示舞蹈的真正重要性，唤醒作者对于舞蹈的热情，以此来帮助作者。 3．How did the author feel when she stepped on the stage? A．Proud. B．Nervous. C．Scared. D．Relieved. B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Butterflies filled my stomach as I took trembling steps onto the big lighted stage.”可知，当登上舞台时，作者感觉紧张。 4．What can we learn from the author's story? A．Success lies in patience. B．Fame is a great thirst of the young. C．A good teacher matters. D．A youth is to be treated with respect. C　推理判断题。根据第二段内容以及最后一段中的“Thanks to Shanda，dance became more than a love of mine，but a passion.”可知，作者曾经对自己感觉失望，在编舞者杉达的帮助和鼓励下，唤醒了对于舞蹈的热情，由此可知，好的老师是很重要的。故选C项。 B (2024·青岛市高三第一次适应性检测) Imagine a plate holding two strawberries，identical in appearance.One came out of a supermarket box，meaning it was probably harvested when it was still unripe.By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the vine for two weeks.The other strawberry was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten. Supermarket strawberries are not entirely without advantages：they are convenient and still available even in winter months.But the two berries differ from each other in the same way that hearing music in a concert hall differs from listening to it on an old CD player.The home­grown fruit is an eatable case for making a home garden. Your columnist，who long considered gardening a complete waste of time，advances this argument with great enthusiasm.Planting cool­weather greens，as gardeners across the north­east of America are now doing，can seem nonsense，since convenient，continuously well­stocked supermarket shelves are available all week.But the same could be said of cooking：there are many cheap and decent restaurants around，so why bother to make your own meals? That attitude misconstrues the ultimate appeal of gardening：it mistakes the product for the purpose.It is true that a garden can produce tomatoes and carrots of incomparable sweetness，and celtuce and herbs that taste like themselves rather than the plastic they are usually packaged in.While finding，let's say，celtuce in the shops can take some time，effort，and expense，growing your own vegetables ensures a reliable supply. On the other hand，a garden，especially in the early years，can produce little but frustration. Green hands may plant the wrong crops for their soil.And even expert gardeners can lose a season's harvest to uncooperative weather. No matter.The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it.The deepest pleasure—as with cooking，writing or almost anything worthwhile—is in the work itself.To garden is to patiently，lovingly and diligently help life become strong and healthy，in the ground and above it. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章以超市里的草莓为例，论述了自己对从事园艺的看法。 5．What can we know about the supermarket strawberries? A．They look distinct from home­grown ones. B．They give out pleasant and fresh smell. C．They are picked days before fully grown. D．They are planted typically in winter. C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“One came out of a supermarket box...off the vine for two weeks.”可知，超市里的草莓在完全长大前几天采摘。 6．What does the underlined word “misconstrues” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Misinterprets. B．Transforms. C．Mistrusts. D．Highlights. A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“the ultimate appeal of gardening：it mistakes the product for the purpose”可知，这种态度错误地把产品当成了目的，即这种态度误解了园艺的最终吸引力。故画线词意思是“误解”。 7．Why does the author mention the failures in gardening? A．To warn readers not to take up gardening easily. B．To advise readers to work in harmony with nature. C．To make readers reflect on the methods of gardening. D．To help readers have a whole picture of gardening. D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知，作者提到园艺上的失败是为了帮助读者对园艺有一个全面的了解。 8．What is the author's opinion on gardening? A．It's a difficult and time­consuming process. B．Products of gardening make it worthwhile. C．The time and efforts invested make it a delight. D．It reduces the cost of purchasing vegetables. C　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为对园艺投入的时间和精力使它成为一种乐趣。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) (2024·石家庄市教学质量检测) Back pain can make it difficult for many people to function in everyday life.1(____) If you suffer from back pain，read on for four everyday fixes. Our bodies need adequate movement throughout the day to avoid the stiffness that contributes to aches and pains.If the weather is good，don't hunt for the nearest parking spot；don't take the elevator when you have the option of one or two flights of stairs.When you need to sit for long periods，set a timer to get up every hour and be active for just a few minutes.2(____) When we overuse our dominant side，we create muscle patterns of weakness and tension that increase pain，especially in our backs.Consider the actions you take repeatedly throughout the day that shift your weight to one side.3(____) And use your opposite hand every so often for basic activities，such as opening doors. Psychological stress is a noted risk factor for back pain，according to research.Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future.4(____) A few minutes a day of mindfulness can go a long way toward minimizing the impact of stress.Additionally，mindfulness practices like tai chi have all shown effectiveness in reducing back pain. 5(____) That is，you can create a game plan of daily activities to practice for back health.If your back hurts at the end of the day，don't just decide it was a “bad” day.Ask yourself if you practiced the activities to help you avoid the stress and tension.Taking an active，daily­life approach to maintaining a healthy body is the key to keeping back pain at bay. A．Switch sides when you carry things. B．It affects how you move，feel and think. C．You should learn more about the cause of your pain. D．Approach the health of your back as a responsibility. E．So actively being mindful of the present reduces stress. F．You'd better take a quick break to check in with your breathing. G．More minutes of movement add up to big health benefits over time. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些缓解背部疼痛的方法。 1．B　根据上文“Back pain can make it difficult for many people to function in everyday life.”可知，本句继续说明背部疼痛对人们的影响，B选项中It指代上文Back pain。故B选项“它影响你的行动、感觉和思考”符合语境，故选B。 2．G　根据上文可知，本段主要说明了尽量多运动，本句为本段最后一句，应继续说明运动的影响：对健康有很大的好处。故G选项“随着时间的推移，运动时间的增加对健康有很大的好处”符合语境，故选G。 3．A　根据上下文可知，上文提到“考虑一下你每天重复做的那些让你的体重向一边转移的动作”，即换边使用手，故A选项“拿东西的时候换一边”符合语境，故选A。 4．E　根据上文“Psychological stress is a noted risk factor for back pain，according to research.Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future.”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出应关注当下。故E选项“所以积极地关注当下可以减少压力”符合语境，故选E。 5．D　根据下文可知，下文提到制定一个日常活动的游戏计划来练习背部健康，即把保持背部健康看作一项任务或是责任。故D选项“把保持背部健康视为一种责任”符合语境，故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2024·福建省毕业班适应性练习) Joao Carlos Martins is a famous pianist and conductor.However，his career has been __1__ and his life has taken him in many different __2__． As a teenager Martins began to perform in concerts.But in his late twenties，he had to __3__ after badly breaking his arm.It was really a terrible time.He couldn't look at a piano or __4__ listen to music.__5__，he decided to become the manager of a boxer，who won the world championship later.This __6__ Martins to take up the piano and practise much harder.Six years later，he gave his first concert at the Carnegie Hall，which was the most __7__ moment of his life.He performed in concerts for years before he had to quit because of the unbearable __8__ in his hands caused by too much __9__． Martins，in his forties，became a politician.However，he couldn't stand this __10__，so once again，he went back to the piano.All was going well until something unexpected __11__ while leaving a concert.He __12__ a serious brain injury and lost all the movement in his right hand.Again，with great __13__ he played just with his left hand.Years later he lost the use of the left hand and __14__ himself a conductor.Now，in his late seventies，Martins is still taking __15__ to work and has conducted over a thousand concerts. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是著名的钢琴家和指挥家Joao Carlos Martins在职业生涯中艰苦奋斗的经历。 1． A．smooth B．tough C．flexible D．interesting B　根据however表转折以及下一段中的“after badly breaking his arm”可知，他的事业一直很艰难。 2． A．cultures B．forms C．directions D．levels C　根据下一段中的“As a teenager Martins began to perform in concerts”，“he decided to become the manager of a boxer”和“Martins to take up the piano and practise much harder”可知，他的生活把他带向了许多不同的方向。 3． A．give up B．set out C．turn up D．hold out A　根据下文“badly breaking his arm”可知，他的手臂严重骨折，不得不放弃。 4． A．still B．just C．ever D．even D　根据下文“listen to music”可知，此处是程度上的递进关系，即他不能看钢琴，甚至不能听音乐。 5． A．Generally B．Ultimately C．Occasionally D．Naturally B　根据下文“he decided to become the manager of a boxer”可知，最终，他决定成为一名拳击手经理。 6． A．forced B．promised C．motivated D．forbade C　根据上文“he decided to become the manager of a boxer，who won the world championship later”和下文“to take up the piano and practise much harder”可知，Martins后来获得世界冠军，这激发他拿起钢琴，更加努力地练习。 7． A．realistic B．emotional C．struggling D．striking D　根据上文“he gave his first concert at the Carnegie Hall”可知，他在Carnegie Hall举办了自己的第一场音乐会，这是他一生中最引人注目的时刻。 8． A．pain B．cuts C．tension D．sensitivities A　根据上文“he had to quit”和下文“in his hands”可知，他双手疼痛，所以不得不退出。 9． A．conducting B．playing C．instruction D．competition B　根据上文“He performed in concerts for years”可知，他因为演奏太多而导致双手难以忍受的疼痛所以不得不退出。 10．A．career B．popularity C．condition D．behavior A　根据上文“became a politician”可知，他无法忍受政治家这个职业。 11．A．existed B．remained C．occurred D．continued C　根据下文“a serious brain injury and lost all the movement in his right hand”可知，一切都很顺利，直到离开音乐会时发生了意想不到的事情。 12．A．found B．suffered C．cured D．nursed B　根据下文“a serious brain injury”可知，他遭受了严重的脑损伤。 13．A．patience B．care C．pleasure D．determination D　根据下文“he played just with his left hand”可知，他再一次坚定地只用左手演奏，with determination意为“坚决地”。 14．A．fancied B．considered C．made D．chose C　根据下文“a conductor”可知，多年后，他不能使用左手，成为了一名指挥，空格处意为“使成为”。 15．A．measures B．chances C．courage D．trouble D　根据上文“in his late seventies”可知，年近七旬的Martins仍在努力工作，take trouble to do意为“不辞劳苦地做……”。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1.5分，共15分) (2024·山东省潍坊市高三二模) Doctors in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have followed the meal­time habits of more than 500 people for six years，1________(find) weight change is most affected by the size and 2________(frequent) of meals rather than the interval (间隔) from first to last meal.It challenges the popular trend of intermittent fasting (禁食疗方) 3________ a useful weight loss strategy. Intermittent fasting，also referred to as time­restricted feeding，is a dietary strategy where all meals 4________(consume) during a short window of time each day.These windows can extend from 6 to 10 hours，resulting in a person essentially fasting for up to 18 hours each day. The idea reveals 5________ is no link between the time of a person's eating window each day and weight changes.“Based on other studies that have come out，including 6________(we)，we are starting to think timing of meals most likely doesn't produce 7________ instant impact on weight loss，” said doctor Bennett.“What does matter，however，is the total number of medium and large meals a person eats over the day.” It suggests simply eating smaller meals，less frequently，is 8________ ultimately leads to weight loss. All of this doesn't mean intermittent fasting strategies won't help.But what does seem increasingly clear is that the weight loss benefits occasionally 9________(see) with these eating strategies may be primarily driven by a reduced caloric intake.It doesn't mean you can simply eat all you want in a short window each day and still expect 10________(lose) weight. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明，影响体重变化的最大因素是饮食的量和频率，而不是从第一顿饮食到最后一顿饮食的间隔时间，该研究发现挑战了间歇性禁食作为一种有用的减肥策略的流行趋势。 1．finding　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子成分完整，空处用动词­ing形式作结果状语，故填finding。 2．frequency　考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处和size并列作介词by的宾语，用名词形式，故填frequency。 3．as　考查介词。结合常识可知，间歇性禁食常被当作一种有用的减肥策略，空处应用介词as，表示“当作”。故填as。 4．are consumed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子在解释间歇性禁食的内涵，是一般性的事实，应用一般现在时，空处作从句的谓语，和主语all meals之间是被动关系，又因为主语为复数，故填are consumed。 5．there　考查there be句型。分析句子可知，reveals后面接了省略了that的宾语从句，从句中表示两者之间没有关联，应用there be句型，故填there。 6．ours　考查代词。分析句子可知，空处作介词including的宾语，表示“我们的研究”，应用名词性物主代词。故填ours。 7．an　考查冠词。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一种”，应用不定冠词，且instant发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 8．what　考查表语从句。分析句子可知，suggests后接了省略了that的宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，表语从句中缺少主语，指物，故填what。 9．seen　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，that引导的表语从句中主要成分完整，空处作benefits的后置定语，且see和benefits之间为被动关系，故填seen。 10．to lose　考查固定搭配。固定短语expect to do sth，表示“期待做……”，故填to lose。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$