选择性必修第三册 UNIT 8 LITERATURE(word教参)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版2019）

一、速背分类单词——付出点滴 收获无限 背阅读单词 1．fiction n.　　 小说；虚构的事 2．fable n. 寓言 3．romance n. 爱情故事；罗曼史；爱情 4．detective n. 侦探，警探 5．subjective adj. 主观的；主语的 6．contradictory adj. 矛盾的；抵触的 7．riddle n. 谜，谜语；谜团 8．rhyme n. 押韵 9．tone n. (说话的)语气，口气，腔调；(尤指乐器或说话的)音调，音色， 音质 10．setting n. (书、影片等中情节发生的)背景；环境 11．era n. 时代，年代 12．shelf n. 搁板，架子 13．scan vt. (用电磁波等)扫描 14．unseen adj. 未受注意的；未被看见的 15．backwards adv. 往回；向后，朝后 16．ivy n. 常春藤 17．nonsense n. 胡说，废话；荒谬的想法(看法) 18.curtain n.　　　 窗帘；门帘；帘子 19．inch n. 英寸 20．downy adj. 被绒毛覆盖的；充满绒毛的 21．margin n. (尤指地域或水域的)边缘，边隅；页边的空白，页边 22．bay n. 湾，海湾 23．gay adj. 快乐的，兴奋的 24．oft adv. 经常，时常 25．couch n. 长沙发 26．vacant adj. 空的，未被占用的 27．pensive adj. 沉思的；郁郁不乐的 28．inward adj. 内心的，精神的 29．solitude n. 独处，独居 30．league n. 里格；联赛；同盟 31．recollection n. 想起，记起 32．being n. 生物(尤指人)；诞生；出现；存在 33．whale n. 鲸 34．weapon n. 武器，兵器；凶器 35．steel n. 钢，钢铁 36．seaman n. 水手，海员；水兵 背拓展单词 1．poetry n.　　　诗，诗歌；诗情，诗意 poet n. 诗人 poem n. 诗 2．drama n. 戏剧；戏剧表演；戏剧性事件 dramatic adj. 激动人心的；给人深刻印象的；巨大而突然的；表演的，戏剧的 dramatically adv. 戏剧地；显著地 3．adventure n. 历险，奇遇 adventurous adj. 有冒险精神的；大胆开拓的；惊险的 4．fantasy n. 幻想作品；幻想，想象；空想 fantastic adj. 极好的 5．stimulating adj.使人兴奋的；饶有趣味的 stimulate vt. 刺激；激励 stimulation n. 刺激；激励；激发 6.absorbing adj.　 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的 absorb vt. 吸引；吸收；理解 absorbed adj. 被……吸引住；专心致志的 7．mystery n. 难以理解的事物，谜；悬疑故事 mysterious adj. 神秘的；奇怪的 8．literary adj. 文学的 literature n. 文学；文献资料 9．historical adj. 历史的 historic adj. 历史上著名的；有历史意义的 history n. 历史 historian n. 历史学家 10．registration n. 登记，注册 register v. 登记；注册 11.icy adj.　　　 极冷的；被冰覆盖的 ice n. 冰 12.disbelief n. 不信，怀疑 belief n. 相信；信心；信念 believe v. 相信 disbelieve v. 不信，怀疑 13.crime n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动 criminal n. 罪犯 14.frozen adj. (河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的 freeze v. (河、湖等)结冰 freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 15.continuous adj. 持续的，不间断的，连续的 continue v. 延续，继续 continuation n. 延续，继续部分 16.violent adj. 暴力的，强暴的；强烈的 violence n. 暴力，暴行 17.desperation n. 绝望；拼命，不顾一切 desperate adj. 绝望的；渴望的 desperately adv. 绝望地；不顾一切地 18.ease n. 轻易，毫不费劲 easy adj. 容易的 easily adv. 容易地；不费力地 19.preservation n. 维护；保护；保持，维持；保存 preserve vt. 维护；保护 20.unconscious adj.不省人事的，失去知觉的 conscious adj. 察觉到的；意识到的；有知觉的 consciousness n. 知觉；觉悟；意识 21.evidently adv. 明显地，显然 evident adj. 明显的 evidence n. 证据 22.polished adj. 擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的 polish v. 擦亮，磨光 n. 抛光；完美，精湛 23.construction n. 建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑 construct vt. 建筑，建造 constructive adj. 建设性的 24.comfort vt. 安慰，抚慰 n. 舒适感，满足感 comfortable adj. 舒适的 uncomfortable adj. (人)不舒服的；不安的；不自在的 25.emotional adj. 情绪的，情感的；敏感的；情绪激动的 emotion n. 情绪，情感 26.poison n. 毒药，毒素，毒物 vt. 毒害，毒杀 poisonous adj. 有毒的 27.forgive vi.&vt. 原谅，宽恕，饶恕 forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕，饶恕 第一组　会写——力求写准记牢 1．folk adj.　　　 民间的，民俗的 2．logic n. 逻辑；道理，合理的想法 3．recite vi.&vt. 背诵；朗诵 4．structure n. 结构，构造；建筑物，结构体 5．submit vt. 呈送，提交，呈递 6．stare vi. 凝视，盯着看 7．blank adj. 空白的 n. (纸张上的)空白处，空格 8．blanket n. 毯子，毛毯 9．aside adv. 到旁边，在旁边 10．sail vi.&vt. (乘船)航行 11．fetch vt. (去)拿来；(去)请来；(去)找来 12．slip vi. 溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒 13．fellow n. 男人；家伙 14．clothing n. 服装，衣服 15．sweep vt.&vi. 扫，打扫；扫去；卷走，冲走 16．wander vi.&vt. 徘徊，闲逛；漫步于 17．flutter vi.&vt. (在空中)飘扬，飘动；振(翼)，拍打(翅膀) 18．breeze n. 微风，和风 19．twinkle vi. 闪烁，闪耀 20．stretch vi.&vt. 延伸，绵延；(使)变大；(使)变松；拉长 21．glance n. 一瞥，很快的一看 vi. 一瞥，看一眼 22．toss vi.&vt. 甩头；扔，掷，抛 23．wave n. 海浪，波涛；(行为、活动或感情的)一阵，风潮 vi.&vt. 挥动，摆动；挥手 24．sparkling adj. 闪亮的，闪光的 25．gaze vi.&n. 凝视，盯着看；注视 26．sink vi.&vt. 下沉，沉没 27．grab vt. 攫取，抓住 28．nevertheless adv. 然而，不过；尽管如此 29．drown vi.&vt. (使)淹死，(使)溺毙 30．strike vi.&vt. 打，击，撞；突然发生不幸 n. 罢工；打击 31．chest n. 胸部，胸膛 32．bounce vi.&vt. (使)弹起，(使)反弹 33．solid adj. 固体的；坚硬的 34．daybreak n. 黎明，破晓 35．utter vt. (尤指吃力地)发出(声音) 36．aboard prep.&adv. 在(船，飞机，火车)上；上(船，飞机，火车) 37．scholar n. 有学问的人；学者 38．fence n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆 vi. 击剑 39．handkerchief n. 手帕 40．noble adj. 高尚的，崇高的；贵族的 第二组　会用——突出活学活用 1.absorb adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)absorb one's attention吸引某人的注意力 absorb oneself in 全神贯注于，专注于 (2)(be) absorbed in 全神贯注于，专注于 Now that you have realized your time is limited，you should be absorbed in your study. ＝Now that you have realized your time is limited，you should absorb yourself in your study. 既然你已经意识到你的时间有限，你应该专心于你的学习。 2.submit v.呈送，提交；呈递；服从 背重点 背写作佳句 submit sth to sb　　 将某物提交给某人 submit (oneself) to 屈服于…… Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15. 对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前上交申请书和相关资料。(应用文之通知) 3.desperation n.绝望；拼命，不顾一切 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)in desperation 　　 走投无路；绝望地 ＝desperately adv. 绝望地 (2)desperate adj. 渴望；绝望的；拼命 的，不顾一切的 be desperate for sth 渴望得到某物 be desperate to do sth 渴望做某事 (3)其他表“渴望某物/做某事”的表达： be anxious for sth/to do sth be eager for sth/to do sth be dying for sth/to do sth long for sth/to do sth desire for sth/to do sth ①I staggered out of the lecture hall in desperation/desperately and it seemed as if my legs were as heavy as lead. 我绝望地摇摇晃晃地走出讲堂，我的腿好像灌了铅。(读后续写之绝望心理描写) ②The only thing she was desperate to do was throw herself onto her little bed and weep wildly! 她只想扑在她的小床上痛哭一场！(读后续写之情感描写) 4.ease n.轻易，毫不费劲 vi.&vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)with ease　　 轻易地；毫不费力地 feel/look at ease 感到/看上去放松 put/set sb at ease 使某人放松 (2)ease sb of... 减轻某人的…… ease the pain/pressure/burden 减轻疼痛/压力/负担 My heart pounded with extreme nervousness，but her warm welcome soon put/set me at ease．She was smart and humorous and I felt at ease with her. 因为极度紧张我的心怦怦跳，但是她的热情欢迎很快使我放松了下来。她既聪明又幽默，和她在一起我感到很自在。 (读后续写之片段描写) 5.aboard prep.&adv.在(船，飞机，火车)上；上(船，飞机，火车) 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)go aboard　　　 上船(飞机，火车等) aboard the train/plane/ship 在火车/飞机/船上 (2)board vi.& vt. 上船(或火车、飞机、 公共汽车等) board a ship/plane/train 登上船/飞机/火车 on board 在(船，车，飞机等) 上 ①They said goodbye to him as he got aboard the train at Union Station. 当他在联合火车站登上火车之际，他们向他道别。(读后续写之动作描写) ②Seeing my daughter boarding the train to a distant city，I burst into tears. 看着女儿登上了开往遥远城市的火车，我泪流满面。 6.comfort vt.安慰；抚慰；n.舒服感；满足感 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)be a comfort (to sb) (对某人)是安慰 in comfort 舒适地；放松地 it's a comfort to do sth 做某事是件令人安慰的事 (2)comfort ...with... 用……安慰…… (3)comfortable adj. 自在的；自信而无忧虑的 be/feel comfortable with sb/sth 和某人在一起很自在/ 对某物运用自如 ①This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows. 这将使观众在观看节目时能够舒适地坐着。 ②Whenever I feel down，my mother always comforts me with inspiring words. 每当我感觉低落的时候，我妈妈总是用鼓舞人心的话语安慰我。 7.forgive vt.&vi.(forgave, forgiven) 原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做了) 某事 forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌 (2)forgiveness n. 谅解；宽恕 Please forgive me for my being unable to keep you company to the bookstore. 请原谅我没能陪伴你去书店。(应用文之道歉信) 二、熟背短语词块——碎片时间 合理运用 1．take ...for granted　　 视……为理所当然(而对其不重视) 2．hunt for 寻找 3．in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事 4．be tired of 对……厌烦/厌倦 5．stare at 盯着看 6．make up one's mind 下定决心 7．long to do sth 渴望做某事 8．depend on 依赖，依靠 9．drop off 落下 10．be wet through 湿透 11．slip away 悄悄溜走 12．hold on 继续；握住不放，不挂断电话，等一下；坚持住 13．in desperation 绝望地 14．with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 三、巧背单元佳句——日积月累 激活潜能 1．句式：so...that... 原句： The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat. 撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。 2．句式：though引起的表语提前的部分倒装 原句：The blow produced a sound of metal；and, incredible though it may be，it seemed as if it was made of metal plates. 撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音；虽然这听起来可能令人难以置信，但它似乎是由金属板做成的。 3．句式：nor位于句首引起的部分倒装 原句：I couldn't say where I was, nor could I imagine. 我说不出我在哪里，我也无法想象。 4．句式：then位于句首引起的完全倒装 原句： Then came the sound of a heavy door opening，and two seamen appeared. 接着传来了沉重的开门声，两位水手出现了。 四、多背续写素材——满分佳作 学会用活 情感细节描写之“尴尬”和“羞愧” 1．积累常诵 形容词 embarrassed，awkward，ashamed，embarrassing 名词/动词 embarrassment，awkwardness，shame，embarrass 脸红 ①burn/be flushed/blush with embarrassment/shame因尴尬/羞愧而脸上发烫/脸红/绯红；②blood rushes to one's face＝colour floods one's face脸通红 低头 hang/drop/lower/bow one's head in shame/embarrassment羞愧/尴尬地低头 声音/语调 ①in an embarrassed voice/tone用一种尴尬的声音/语气； ②hear the embarrassment/ shame in one's voice听到某人声音中的尴尬/羞愧； ③give an embarrassed cough尴尬地咳了一声 场景 an awkward/ embarrassed silence/ moment/ pause尴尬的沉默/一瞬/停顿 2.背诵表达“尴尬”和“羞愧”的经典范文 An embarrassed silence fell in the room，and there was a rather unpleasant look in Father's eyes.He gave an embarrassed cough，frowning at her.How could you say that？Anna felt extremely ashamed when she realized what she'd said.Blood flooded Anna's face．She glanced away, embarrassed．Then in an attempt to hide her embarrassment，she lowered her head，hoping no one would notice how embarrassed/awkward she was. 重点单词　分类记忆　——多积累 平时多输入 用时顺手出 阅读词汇知其意 1．fiction n.　　　　 　 小说；虚构的事 2．fable n. 寓言 3．romance n. 爱情故事；罗曼史；爱情 4．detective n. 侦探，警探 5．subjective adj. 主观的；主语的 6．contradictory adj. 矛盾的；抵触的 7．riddle n. 谜，谜语；谜团 8．rhyme n. 押韵 9．tone n. (说话的)语气，口气，腔调；(尤指乐器或说话 的)音调，音色，音质 10．setting n. (书、影片等中情节发生的)背景；环境 11．era n. 时代，年代 12．shelf n. 搁板，架子 13．scan vt. (用电磁波等)扫描 14．unseen adj. 未受注意的；未被看见的 15．backwards adv. 往回；往前面；向后，朝后 16．nonsense n.　　 胡说，废话；荒谬的想法(看法) 17．curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；帘子 18．inch n. 英寸 19．vale n. 谷；山谷 20．bay n. 湾，海湾 21．gay adj. 快乐的，兴奋的 22．oft adv. 经常，时常 23．couch n. 长沙发 24．vacant adj. 空的，未被占用的 25．pensive adj. 沉思的；郁郁不乐的 26．inward adj. 内心的，精神的 27．solitude n. 独处，独居 28．league n. 里格；联赛；联盟；同盟 29．recollection n. 想起，记起 30．whale n. 鲸 31．weapon n. 武器，兵器；凶器 32．steel n. 钢，钢铁 核心词汇写其形 1．folk adj.　　　 民间的，民俗的 2．recite vi.&vt. 背诵；朗诵 3．blank adj. 空白的 n. (纸张上的)空白处，空 格 4．blanket_ n. 毯子，毛毯 5．aside_ adv. 到旁边，在旁边 6．sail vi.&vt. (乘船)航行 7．slip vi. 溜走，悄悄地走；滑 倒 8．fellow_ n. 男人；家伙 9．clothing n. 服装，衣服 10．sweep vt.& vi. 扫，打扫；扫去；卷走，冲走 11．breeze n. 微风，和风 12．twinkle vi. 闪烁，闪耀 13．glance n. 一瞥，很快的一看 vi. 一瞥，看一眼 14．sparkling adj. 闪亮的，闪光的 15．gaze vi.&n. 凝视，盯着看；注视 16．sink vi.&vt. 下沉，沉没 17.grab vt.　　 　　 攫取，抓住 18.nevertheless adv. 然而，不过；尽管如此 19.chest n. 胸部，胸膛 20.bounce vi.&vt. (使)弹起，(使)反弹 21.daybreak n. 黎明，破晓 22.utter vt. (尤指吃力地)发出(声 音) 23.scholar n. 有学问的人；学者 24.fence n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆 vi. 击剑 25.handkerchief n. 手帕 26.noble adj. 高尚的，崇高的；贵 族的 27.If interested，you are supposed to submit (提交) your application form to the Students' Union Office before this Sunday. 28．She helped people by doing odd jobs for them，such as fetching (拿来) vegetables from the corner shop or looking after babies when their mothers went shopping. 29.When I came across him，he was wandering (闲逛) aimlessly in the street. 30．They said goodbye to him as he got aboard(登上) the train at Beijing Station. 31.(2022·全国乙卷)From my point of view，we should also take English books and websites into consideration，thus laying a solid (可靠的) foundation for English. 32.he ocean was so vast that it stretched (延伸) as far as they could see on all sides. 33.The actor was waving (挥动) his sword in the street and it narrowly missed the crowds around him who were mostly his fans. 34.It was when the hurricane struck (袭击) the island that his parents lost their lives. 35.The teacher didn't say a word，but stared(盯着) at the two boys who were chatting. 36.If the young soldier hadn't saved the woman in the lake at the risk of his life，she would have got drowned(溺水)． 拓展词汇通其变 1.stimulating adj.使人兴奋的；饶有趣味的→stimulate vt.刺激；激励→stimulation n．刺激；激励；激发 2.literary adj.文学的→literature n．文学；文献资料 3.historical adj.历史的→historic adj.历史上著名的；有历史意义的→history n．历史→historian n．历史学家 4.registration n．登记，注册→register v．登记；注册 5.crime n．罪，罪行；犯罪活动→criminal n．罪犯 6.continuous adj.持续的，不间断的，连续的→continue_ v．延续，继续 7.ease n．轻易，毫不费劲→easy adj.容易的→easily_ adv.容易地；不费力地 8.preservation n．维护；保护；保持，维持；保存→preserve_ vt.维护；保护 9.unconscious adj.不省人事的，失去知觉的→conscious adj.察觉到的；意识到的；有知觉的→consciousness n．知觉；觉悟；意识 10.polished adj.擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的→polish v．擦亮，磨光n.抛光；完美，精湛 11.comfort vt.安慰，抚慰 n．舒适感，满足感→comfortable adj.舒适的→uncomfortable adj.(人)不舒服的；不安的；不自在的 12.emotional adj.情绪的，情感的；敏感的；情绪激动的→emotion n．情绪，情感 13.With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own.(poem) 14.It is freezing outside now, and more snow is falling on already frozen streets. (freeze) 15.She becomes more and more desperate in the days of desperation,_but she still saves the situation desperately．(desperate) 16.They were searching for evidence of his crime, and found it was evident that he had murdered the president.(evident) 17.The new bridge under construction is due to be completed next month.It is being constructed by some villagers nearby. (construct) 18.The mushrooms contained poison and many people were poisoned because they had eaten the poisonous mushrooms. (poison) 19.There is too much violence in the film，so we must cut the violent scenes when it is shown on TV.(violent) 20.He asked for his teacher's forgiveness，and the teacher finally forgave him. (forgive) 21.Hearing that I held a strong belief that I could marry that handsome actor，but my brother shook his head in disbelief. (believe) 22.Lucy，a young girl from America，is fond of adventures. Her adventurous experience is unbelievable. (adventure) 23.Although I am absorbed in all the materials，I still have difficulty absorbing them all at once. (absorb) 重点短语　记牢用准　——会积累 平时多联想 用时会拓展 先写对 再用准 第一组 1．take...for granted　　　 视……为理所当然(而对其不重视) 2．hunt for 寻找 3．in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事 4．be tired of 对……厌烦/厌倦 5．stare at 盯着看 6．make up one's mind 下定决心 7．long to do sth 渴望做某事 第二组 8．depend on 依赖，依靠 9．drop off 落下 10．be wet through 湿透 11．slip away 悄悄溜走 12．hold on 继续；握住不放，不挂断电话， 等一下；坚持住 13．in desperation 绝望地 14．with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 选用左栏短语填空 1．If you take the neglect of friends for granted, you may not have friends for long. 2．In an attempt to attract more customers，they took a variety of measures. 3．They are still hunting for the missing boy，who disappeared last Sunday after attending his friend's birthday party. 4．Young children seem to master computer games with ease. And playing computer games will always make them feel at ease. 5．Hearing my words，he finally made up his mind to run and I urged him to go to the starting line. 后缀“－ous”形容词一览 “延伸”词汇知多少 各种“看”法短语聚焦 ①continue→continuou持续的 ②mystery→mysterious 神秘的 ③humor→humorous幽默的，诙谐的 ④poison→poisonous 有毒的 ⑤harmony→harmonious和睦的 ⑥caution→cautious 小心的，谨慎的 ①spread vi.展开，伸展 ②enlarge vt.使扩大 ③broaden vt.使扩大，使变宽 ④extend vt.使扩大，使延伸 ⑤expand vt.扩大vi.延伸 ⑥stretch vi.延伸vi.&vt.伸展 ①glance through匆匆看一遍 ②glance at 匆匆一瞥 ③glare at 怒视；瞪眼看 ④stare at 凝视；盯着看 ⑤spy on 偷窥；监视 重点句式　背熟巧用　——会活用 平时造佳句 用时表达高 句式背诵 句式仿写 句型公式1：so...that... 教材原句：The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat. 撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。 1.事实上，我们身边有很多像他这样无私的人，他们非常值得我们尊敬。 Actually，there are so many selfless people like him around us that they well deserve our respect. 句型公式2: nor位于句首引起的部分倒装 教材原句：I couldn't say where I was，nor could I imagine. 我说不出我在哪里，我也无法想象。 2.然而，他不知道如何做爆米花，也没有卖东西赚过钱。 However，he didn't know how to make popcorn，nor had he sold something for money． 续表 句型公式3: then引起的完全倒装 教材原句： Then came the sound of a heavy door opening，and two seamen appeared. 接着传来沉重的开门声，有两个水手出现了。 3.接着有消息传来，我们的同学李平获得了英语作文竞赛一等奖。 Then came the news that our classmate Li Ping got the first prize in the English composition contest. 核心单词　重难突破　——系统掌握 归纳提升一遍过 1. absorbing adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的(absorb vt.理解；掌握；吸收　absorbed adj.被……吸引住；全神贯注；专心致志) (1)be absorbed in sth/sb 被……吸引住；专心致志 absorb oneself in... 专心于；全神贯注于 (2)absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意 absorb new knowledge 掌握新知识 absorb...into... 把……吸收进……　　 练透——写出下列加黑词的含义/一句多译 ①I only absorb half the knowledge taught by the teacher，which makes me very upset.理解 ②As we all know，plants can absorb nutrients from the earth around it.吸收 ③由于专心于科学研究，他没有时间放松。 a．Absorbed in his science research，he has no time to relax.(过去分词短语作状语) b．Absorbing himself in his science research，he has no time to relax.(动词－ing形式短语作状语) c．He is absorbed in his science research，so he has no time to relax. 2. submit v.呈送，提交；呈递；服从[submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服] submit to　　　 服从于；屈从于 submit oneself to... 甘受……；服从…… submit...to... 向……提交……　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Dozens of enterprises have submitted (submit) their plans to reduce their carbon footprint in the past ten days. ②大卫擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) David wiped his tears and held his head high，remarking determinedly，“I won't submit (myself) to others' thoughts．” ③记得在2024年5月30日前将你的论文提交到Englishcorner@126.com。(应用文之告知信) And remember to submit your essays to Englishcorner@126.com before May 30，2024. 3. frozen adj.(河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的；冻僵的[freeze v．(froze，frozen)(使)结冰；呆住　freezing adj.冷冰冰的；极冷的] (1)be frozen to death　 冻死 (2)freezing cold 极冷的　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing(freeze) fog hung in the air.(2021·全国甲卷) ②Ants live nearly everywhere，except on frozen(freeze) mountain tops and around the poles. ③父亲走进屋里，搓着手，跺着脚。他说：“外面极冷。我差点被冻死了。” (读后续写之动作语言描写) Father came into the house，rubbing his hands and stamping his feet.He said，“It is freezing cold outside. I am almost frozen to death．” ④听到这个消息时，他的笑容凝固了，不可置信地摇着头。(读后续写之神态描写) Hearing the news，his smile froze，shaking his head in disbelief． 4. desperation n.绝望；拼命，不顾一切(desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的；渴望的　desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地) (1)in desperation　　 绝望地；不顾一切地 (2)be desperate for 渴望得到…… (3)be desperate to do... 渴望做……　　 练透——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Whenever we met，I would try desperately(desperate) to get him to take me seriously as a teammate.(2022·浙江1月卷读后续写) ②Judging from what he has said，we can conclude that the scholar is desperate for fame. ③我渴望有机会成为一名志愿者。我的确希望您能给我这个宝贵的机会。(应用文之申请信) a．I am desperate for the chance to be a volunteer．I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity. b．Desperate for the chance to be a volunteer，I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.(形容词短语作状语) 5. sink(sank/sunk，sunk，sinking)vi.沉没； 下沉；vt.使下沉； 使沉没 sink into/down/back 颓然坐下/重重倒下 one's heart/spirits sink 心情沉重；情绪低落 a sinking feeling/ship 颓丧感/沉船　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The moment his head hit the pillow，he sank (sink) into a deep sleep. ②For a long time，he just stared at the blank before him，merrily，sinking (sink) in sweet memories in the past. ③大卫只走了几米就绊了一跤，倒在地上，这使我的心沉了下去。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) David had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground，which made my heart sink． 6. ease n.轻易，毫不费劲；安逸；舒适　vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)(easy adj.容易的；不拘束的) (1)feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松 put sb at ease 使某人放松 with ease 容易地，轻而易举地 (2)ease sb of sth 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Playing basketball serves as the best way to ease(ease) our great study pressure and find some pleasure at the same time. ②她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。(读后续写之神态描写) A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease/putting us at ease． ③如果你每天坚持用英语写日记，你会很容易提高你的书面英语。 If you insist on keeping diaries in English every day，you can improve your written English with ease． 7.aboard prep.& adv.在(船，飞机，火车)上；上(船，飞机，火车)[board v．登上(船，飞机，火车等] (1)go aboard　 上船(飞机、火车等) (2)on board 在船(火车或飞机)上 (3)broad adj. 宽阔的；广阔的 abroad adv. 在/到国外；在/到海外 go abroad 出国　　 练透——补全句子/完成句子 ①He was tall with broad shoulders (宽宽的肩膀)and a beard and always wore a broad smile(面带微笑)． ②Learning that you will go abroad for further study(出国深造)，I'm writing to inform you of some necessary do's and don'ts. ③这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西、说话、大笑，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。 The instant the young couple boarded/ went aboard the ship，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. 8. comfort vt.安慰；抚慰，n.舒适感；满足感 (comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的　uncomfortable adj.不舒服的) (1)be a comfort to sb　　 对某人来说是个安慰 in comfort＝comfortably 舒适地 (2)comfort sb with sth 用某物安慰某人　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Even if he was in trouble，he was still optimistic，which was a great comfort to me. ②Compared to other alternatives，it's comfortable (comfort) and relaxing.(2023·浙江1月卷) ③看到我不舒服，爸爸站起来，走到我跟前，把我揽入怀中安慰我。 (读后续写之动作链描写) Seeing I was uncomfortable，my father rose to his feet，came up to me and gathered me into his arms to comfort me． ④让我感到非常安慰的是，当我在他的床边表达我的担忧时，我的队友告诉我他信任我。(2022·浙江1月卷读后续写) Much to my comfort，as I expressed my concern by his bed，my teammate told me that he trusted me. 短语句式　学以致用　——精讲精练 应用提升全通关 1.stare at盯着看，凝视 glare at　　　 怒视 glance at 扫一眼 gaze at 凝视；注目　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The fellow glanced at the menu casually and ordered a steak and a cup of coffee. ②“Nonsense！” said my father angrily，glaring(glare)at me in disbelief. ③我盯着空白的试卷，用手扯着头发，完全不知所措。(动作链描写) I stared at the blank test paper，with my hands pulling the hair，totally at a loss. 2. 句型公式： though 引起的部分倒装 教材原句：The blow produced a sound of metal；and, incredible though it may be，it seemed as if it was made of metal plates. 撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音；虽然这听起来可能令人难以置信，但它似乎是由金属板做成的。 (1)句中加黑部分是though 引起的部分倒装结构。 (2)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形往往提前到句首，构成部分倒装。　　 练透——完成句子 ①尽管他是个孩子，但当玉米收获时，他尽了自己的责任。 Child as/though he was，he did his part when the corn was harvested. ②虽然我们筋疲力尽，但我们感到非常高兴和自豪，眼睛里闪烁着喜悦的光芒。(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) Exhausted as/though we were，we felt very jocund and proud，with our eyes twinkling with great glee. ③尽管我尽力了，但我失败了，一阵绝望席卷而来。(读后续写之悲伤心理描写) Try as/though I might，I failed and a wave of desperation swept across me. 【点拨】　如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，名词前不加冠词。　, 3. 句型公式： nor位于句首引起的部分倒装 教材原句：I couldn't say where I was，nor could I imagine. 我不能说出我在哪里，我也无法想象。 表示前文所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”。注意两个一致： (1)逻辑一致：如果前文是肯定句，后文用so引导。如果前文是否定句，后文用neither/nor引导。 (2)人称一致：即so/neither/nor之后的助动词/系动词要和主语的人称和数保持一致。　　练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To my amusement，I slipped at the entrance to the park; so did my brother. ②I haven't submitted my application form，neither/nor has Tom. ③我父亲对这个想法不感兴趣，我也一样。 My father is not interested in the idea，neither/nor am I． 层级一　过基础——教材核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring(stare) at the night sky. 2．Absorbed(absorb) in creating realistic paintings，he has gained a high reputation at home and abroad. 3．My Chinese teacher offers me some timely and generous guidance on how to polish (polish) my article. 4．Some people agree that we should carry out this construction(construct) project because it can solve some traffic problems. 5．My heart sank/sunk(sink) when I was informed that my reforms ended up in failure. 6．It is my firm belief(believe) that higher education will make a person live a better life. 7．Greatly struck(strike) by the beauty of the language，I thought how even today Shakespeare's writing remains powerful and true. 8．However，there is increasing evidence(evident) that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food，as it is sugar. 9．I came up and said hello to him when I saw Professor Lee wandering(wander) with his wife in the park. 10．We brought our raincoats，which kept us dry and allowed us to fall asleep comfortably (comfortable)． 维度2　熟词生义/一词多义 写出加黑部分的精确汉语释义 1．(2023·全国乙卷阅读D)If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day，the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.vt.使重现 2．Because of lack of devotion to his work，Tom was soon bounced from the post.vt.解雇 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.n.洗涤槽，水槽 4．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.vt.攫取，抓住 5．根据语境选出blank的含义 A.adj.空白的；空的　B．n.空格，空白处 C．adj.没表情的； 茫然的　D．v.突然忘掉 (1)The teacher could tell by the blank look on Mary's face that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture.__C__ (2)In fact I knew the answer，but I totally blanked during the test.__D__ (3)Hearing the news，my mind went blank．__A__ (4)Sign your name in the blank below.__B__ 维度3　完成句子/句式升级 1．请原谅我没能陪你去书店。 Please forgive me for my being unable to keep you company to the bookstore. 2．I concentrated all my attention on my homework，so I even didn't notice my teacher standing by me. →With all my attention concentrated on my homework，I even didn't notice my teacher standing by me.(with复合结构) →All my attention concentrated on my homework，I even didn't notice my teacher standing by me.(独立主格) 3．A village，where people still live a peaceful life，lies at the foot of the mountain. →At the foot of the mountain lies a village，where people still live a peaceful life.(完全倒装) 4．We live in an age when more information is available more easily than ever before. →We live in an age when more information is available with_greater_ease than ever before. 层级二　过能力——满分写作技能提升练 Part 1.应用文写作提分练(申请信——申请做志愿者) 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 第一步：斟酌词句，靓化表达 1．我长期以来一直渴望成为一名志愿者，对于这份工作，我有一些优势。 I have been longing to be a volunteer for a long time，and I have some advantages for the job. 2．我说英语如此流利，以至于我可以自由地和外国人交流。(so...that...) I speak English so fluently that I can communicate with foreigners freely. 3．虽然我没有经验，但我愿意认真向其他志愿者学习，并认真对待工作。(though倒装句) Unexperienced though I am，I'm willing to learn from other volunteers carefully and treat the work seriously. 4．我和其他人相处得很好。我没有和老师发生过冲突，也没有和同学们争吵过。(nor引起的部分倒装) I get along well with others. I haven't had conflicts with teachers，nor have I quarreled with my classmates. 5．你能好心考虑一下我的申请吗？(so...as to...) Will you be so kind as to consider my application? 第二步：恰当过渡，完美成文(请用恰当的过渡衔接词汇) I have been longing to be a volunteer for a long time，and I have some advantages for the job. Firstly, I speak English so fluently that I can communicate with foreigners freely. In addition，unexperienced though I am，I'm willing to learn from other volunteers carefully and treat the work seriously. Last but not least，I get along well with others. I haven't had conflicts with teachers，nor have I quarreled with my classmates. Will you be so kind as to consider my application? Part 2.读后续写之描写绘画及创作场景 Ⅰ.主题语境词汇 主题语境词汇 1．painting n.　　　　 绘画 2．brush n. 笔刷 3．perspective n. 视角 4．masterpiece n. 杰作 5．vivid adj.　　　　 生动的 6．attractive、appealing adj. 吸引人的 7．splendid adj. 壮丽的 8．valuable adj. 有价值的 主题语境词块 1．painting skills　　　　　　 绘画技巧 2．bite the bullet 咬紧牙关 3．come alive 变得生动 4．take advantage of 利用 5．be fond of 喜爱；喜欢 Ⅱ.基于主题语境的续写实践 第一步：完成句子(已提示语法结构) 1．泰勒早上醒来，却发现母牛正在吃花。(only to do 表示出乎意料的结果) Taylor woke up in the morning，only to find the cow was eating the flowers． 2．很明显，大部分的花要么被吃掉了，要么被毁坏了，不能在集市上出售。(It is obvious that；either...or...) It was obvious that most of the flowers were either eaten or ruined and couldn't be sold on the fair. 3．泰勒正在想怎么办，突然看到墙上有一幅画。(be doing...when) Taylor was wondering what to do when she suddenly caught sight of a painting on the wall. 4．她突然想到可以利用自己的绘画技巧来弥补损失。 It occurred to her that she could take advantage of her painting skills to make up for the loss. 5．泰勒跑上楼，抓起她的艺术用品，坐在她的书桌旁。(动词的联动) Taylor raced upstairs，grabbed her art supplies and sat down at her desk． 6．当她的画笔在纸上流畅地移动时，一地的鲜花变得生机勃勃。(as 引导时间状语从句；come alive) As her brush moved smoothly across the paper，the land of flowers came alive． 7．泰勒全神贯注于绘画，画了一幅又一幅。(v.－ed作状语) Totally lost in painting，Taylor made one painting after another. 8．到了周末，她已经完成了24幅画。(by＋过去的时间引起的过去完成时) By the end of the week，she had completed two dozen paintings. 9．在欣赏她的杰作时，她无法抑制自己的激动，跳起来鼓掌，“我成功了！”(v.－ing作状语；contain) Appreciating her great masterpieces，she couldn't contain her excitement，jumping and clapping，“I made it！” 第二步：衔接美文(将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇) Taylor woke up in the morning，only to find the cow was eating the flowers. Therefore，it was obvious that most of the flowers were either eaten or ruined and couldn't be sold on the fair. Taylor was wondering what to do when she suddenly caught sight of a painting on the wall. It occurred to her that she could take advantage of her painting skills to make up for the loss. Then，Taylor raced upstairs，grabbed her art supplies and sat down at her desk. As her brush moved smoothly across the paper，the land of flowers came alive. Totally lost in painting，Taylor made one painting after another. Eventually，by the end of the week，she had completed two dozen paintings. Appreciating her great masterpieces，she couldn't contain her excitement，jumping and clapping，“I made it！” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$