主题素养练案(27) 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Careers and skills(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版2019）

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·南京高三六校联合调研)The rise of the robots has raised the possibility of a future where there is simply less work for humans to do.To tired office workers, a world where we all have a bit more leisure time sounds rather nice.Yet what really matters is how work will be distributed across the workforce. The recent past shows there is no reason to believe it will be evenly(平均地)spread.The length of the average working week in the UK has declined steadily from about 59 hours in the mid­19th century to 32 hours in 2009.But averages hide a lot. While trends among women have been stable, there have been big shifts among men.Males in well­paid full­time employment are now working slightly longer hours on average than two decades ago.Meanwhile, men in full­time employment at the bottom of the wage ladder are working much less. On top of that, the number of low­paid men who work part­time has increased sharply.Twenty years ago, one in twenty men with low hourly wages worked part­time; today it is one in five.Analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies shows this phenomenon is only happening among the low­paid.In better­paying jobs, part­time men are still fairly rare.Gender roles within families might tend to be similar too.Low­paid men may be choosing to shoulder more childcare responsibilities so their partners can return to work. Yet it is clear that the distribution of work will matter to people.Britain has both overemployment and underemployment problems：Official data show 3.4m people in Britain want to work more hours while 3.2m want to work few hours for less pay.The underemployed are likely to be waiters or cleaners.The overemployed are most likely to be doctors or chief executives.This indicates an economy where demand and supply of skills are out of sync． Nobody knows for sure how the next wave of automation will shake up demand for different skills.Perhaps doctors will gain the free time they desire.Others might find themselves in greater demand.But short of developing a much better system for training people quickly for the jobs the economy needs, it seems likely that in the future—as now—there will be too much work for some, and too little for others. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。机器人的崛起会影响工作在劳动中的分配。除非开发出一套更好的体系，快速培训人们适应经济体制所需求的工作，否则未来还是会像现在一样出现有些人的工作太多，而另一些人的工作太少的问题。 1．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A．The development of robots will get rid of humans' work. B．Future leisure time will be allocated evenly across the workforce. C．UK has taken some measures to stop the decline of working hours. D．The averages may not be the accurate indicators of the steady decline of working hours. 解析：选D。推理判断题。文章前两段主要介绍了机器人的崛起带来的工作分配方面的一系列变化，工作不可能会平均分配，在英国平均一周的工作时间已经减少了很多，但平均值隐藏了很多东西，由此可知，这些平均值可能不是工作时间稳步减少的准确指标，故选D。第二段最后一句话“But averages hide a lot”是解题的关键。 2．What can we learn from the analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies? A．Low­paid men are to blame for the low employment. B．More well­paid men are choosing to work part­time. C．Part­time men have increased only among the low­paid. D．Part­time men rarely shoulder childcare responsibilities. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“On top of that, the number of...among the low­paid”可知，兼职工作的低收入男性的数量大幅增加，且这种现象仅发生在低收入人群当中，故选C。 3．What do the underlined words“out of sync”mean in Paragraph 5? A．Important. B．Imbalanced. C．Undoubted. D．Harmful. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。第五段中的“Britain has both overemployment and underemployment problems”指的是英国同时存在过度就业和就业不足的问题；然后以官方数据为例进行说明，指出就业不足的人群可能是服务员或清洁工，过度就业的人群最可能是医生或者总裁；最后一句为总结句，还是在说经济体制中技能的需求和供给不同步的问题。由此可知，画线短语与B项“失衡的，安排不均的”意思最为接近，故选B。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The total amount of human labor will be decreased. B．Better training systems will be built across the world. C．Robots contribute to uneven distribution across the workforce. D．The number of low­paid men who work part­time has increased. 解析：选C。文章大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容“The rise of the robots has raised the possibility of a future where there is simply less work for humans to do...across the workforce”和最后一段可知，文章主要讲了机器人的崛起会影响工作在劳动中的分配，造成有些人工作太多，而另一些人工作太少的问题。C项“机器人导致工作在劳动中的分配不均”符合题意。 B (2024·绍兴市诊断性考试)I major in Mechanical Engineering and Political Science.When someone hears what I study, I usually face two reactions.First is a small smile with the word “overachiever” on the tip of their tongue.The second is a look of confusion, followed by an exaggerated(夸张的)“Why？”．The short answer is that I want to be a problem solver, and that engineering teaches me how to become that type of person.In addition, I also want to be able to look at the bigger picture. It's the beginning of a new year, and a lot of first­years have plans for double or triple majors.However, as most of us quickly realize after that first fall semester, college is a lot! We are unavoidably forced to make choices—do we keep trying to make our double or triple majors work or do we completely switch gears？The thing I wished someone told me on day one is if you're passionate about something, it's not going to feel like work.Political Science can be challenging, but to me, it's fun to read the Constitution (宪法) and see the impact each word has on our interpretation. This may sound hard to accept, but if you are making double or triple majors because you think you're in a race with your peers, you're only running yourself doing it for a mark on your resume (简历), then your life will be a living hell for the next four years.What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have—whether it be in your study, career, or something else your career and study will enable you to do. Always think about your “why” when it comes to the schedules the double or triple majors entail.Because at the end of the day, it's going to be you doing the homework, so try to enjoy what you're doing along the ride for what it's worth. [语篇解读]本文是议论文。本文主要论述了“大学生不要盲目为了竞争而选择多个专业，一定要出于热情和激情去选择专业”这一观点。 5．How do people tend to feel about the writer's majors? A．Impressed or puzzled. B．Ashamed or challenged. C．Satisfied or confused. D．Amazed or concerned. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When someone hears...an exaggerated(夸张的)‘Why？’”可知，当人们听到作者的专业时，有的会很佩服，有的是很困惑，A项“很佩服的或困惑的”，故选A。 6．What enables the writer to enjoy learning Political Science? A．The value of studying the Constitution. B．The influence of learning engineering. C．His career planning for the future. D．His enthusiasm for the major. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Political Science can...on our interpretation”可知，尽管政治学可能具有挑战性，但对作者来说，阅读《宪法》是很有趣的。根据第三段中“What is going...you to do”可知，让你印象深刻的是你所拥有的激情——无论是在你的学习、职业生涯中，还是在职业和学习生涯中你能够做的其他事情中。据此可以推知，对专业的热情使得作者喜欢学习政治学。 7．According to the author, what causes multiple majors' hard situation in college? A．Adjusting the schedule for majors constantly. B．Pursuing multiple majors out of the competitive motivation. C．Making random choices without sufficient consideration. D．Estimating the difficulty of multiple majoring inaccurately. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This may sound...the next four years”可知，在作者看来，选项多个专业让大学生们处在糟糕的状况的原因是，他们只是为了在跟同龄人竞争才选择多个专业。 8．What is the author's purpose of writing the text? A．To promote the concept of multiple majoring. B．To explain the reasons for choosing double majors. C．To compare the gains and losses of multiple majoring. D．To stress the significance of the passion in multiple majoring. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“What is going...enable you to do”可知，让你印象深刻的是你所拥有的激情——无论是在你的学习、职业生涯中，还是在职业和学习生涯中你能够做的其他事情中。根据最后一段“try to enjoy what you're doing along the ride for what it's worth.”可知，要试着享受你在旅途中所做的一切，据此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议人们要带着激情去选择专业，强调激情在专业选择中的重要性。 C (2024·唐山高三摸底考试)Three years into my postdoctoral (博士后的) position, I decided I needed a new career plan.After applying for more than two dozen teaching jobs, I hadn't landed a single interview.I was disappointed but not surprised.I was applying in the middle of the 2008 financial crisis, when many universities carried out hiring freeze, and my publication record didn't stand out. One day after my failed job search, my office mate was amazed by what a journal's scientific illustrator had done to the sketches(草图)in her review article with artistic techniques.I thought to myself, “That would be such a fun job.”A long dormant(蛰伏的)dream of becoming an artist began to stir. My family was bursting with mathematicians and engineers who pursued music and literature in their spare time, so it felt natural to have my daily life revolve around science, with art as my dreamy lunar companion.I had once considered going to art school but had put that idea aside when I decided to pursue chemistry as an undergraduate.In the years that followed, I kept up my interest in art by taking drawing and painting classes at night. I decided to test out a new career direction by creating similar illustrations for my institute's newsletters.I spent nights and weekends reading scientific papers and thinking about how to illustrate the results.It was a fun task—something that involved my artistic, creative side and made use of my scientific training.I felt I was on the right path. It was exciting to find a career that drew on my diverse skill sets.I did feel a sense of loss for not becoming an academic educator, and I worried I'd be letting down the people and institutions who'd invested time and resources in me.But it helped to remind me that my new career path wasn't removed from science.I now work as a visual designer at a biomedical research institute, not far from my husband's company, and my business is flying. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者的职业经历。受家庭的熏陶， 作者虽然也有一颗文艺心， 却选择了理科并获得了博士后职位。在这个职位工作三年后作者想要转行， 但求职的路却不是一帆风顺的， 最终作者转变想法找到了理想的职业， 既实现了自己的艺术梦想，又没有放弃自己的科学追求。 9．Why did the author fail to land a job at first? A．She lacked interview skills. B．It was a very difficult period. C．Her publications were of little value. D．Universities adopted rigid hiring requirements. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was applying in the middle of the 2008 financial crisis, when many universities carried out hiring freeze, and my publication record didn't stand out.”可知， 作者一开始没有找到工作是因为当时是金融危机的困难时期。许多大学招募工作停滞，作者的出版作品也不够突出。故选B项。 10．What mainly influenced the author's choice of science? A．Her family culture. B．Her childhood dream. C．Her talent for science. D．Her colleague's encouragement. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中“My family was bursting with mathematicians and engineers...I decided to pursue chemistry as an undergraduate.”可知， 作者的家中有很多人是数学家和工程师， 作者的日常生活围绕着科学， 由此可知， 作者的家庭文化影响着作者对科学事业的选择。故选A项。 11．Which of the following best describes the author? A．Romantic and curious. B．Creative and generous. C．Humorous and hard­working. D．Science­pursuing and considerate. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中“I spent nights and weekends reading scientific papers and thinking about how to illustrate the results.”和最后一段中“I did feel a sense of loss for not becoming an academic educator, and I worried I'd be letting down the people and institutions who'd invested time and resources in me.”可知，作者花了很多个晚上和周末读科学文献，思考如何论证研究结果。作者也担心会让在自己身上投入了时间和资源的人失望。所以作者有科学追求，也很体贴他人。故选D项。 12．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Power from Science B．Challenge of Job Hunting C．Shift from Traditional Belief D．Take off with Artistic Wings 解析：选D。主旨大意题。通读全文， 尤其是第二段中“A long dormant dream of becoming an artist began to stir.”和最后一段中“I now work as a visual designer at a biomedical research institute, not far from my husband's company, and my business is flying.”可知， 本文主要讲述作者尽管选择了理科， 但仍旧追求自己的艺术梦想， 最终获得两者兼顾的事业。因此D项(用艺术的翅膀起飞)适合作为本文标题。故选D项。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·日照高三联合考试)Do you suffer from low energy？Is it difficult to get out of bed in the morning？Do your head and stomach ache？If so, you could be experiencing job burnout.1.________ 77% of workers surveyed by Deloitte said they had experienced burnout.And 90% of those said that stress had negatively impacted their work. Burnout is dangerous.It can lead to mental and physical exhaustion, a loss of identity, and feeling a lack of accomplishment, which harm the body over time.Do you want to get out of this state？2.______ One way you can help relieve burnout is by practicing communication.Be clear about what you're feeling, and if you are overworking, discuss it with your supervisor or co­workers.3.________Taking time off is also a good idea. While self­care has been a trend these days, it will not cure burnout.4.________Their support and cooperation can make you feel better.Another option is to take part in regular physical activities to get your mind off work. 5．________A study cited by The New York Times found that surgeons who made time for recreational activities were less likely to experience burnout than those who didn't.A few ideas for relaxing activities can be yoga, meditation, or mindfulness. A．As a matter of fact, you aren't alone. B．Finally, make time to do things you love. C．Burnout can also develop along with anxiety. D．Read on to discover how to deal with it effectively. E．Provide them with ideas that would help lighten burnout in the office. F．What can help address the problem is to see a doctor or meet with friends. G．If you are eating more or less than usual, stress hormones can be affecting your appetite. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了职业倦怠的危害，同时介绍了缓解职业倦怠的方法，如进行沟通、锻炼、做瑜伽以及冥想等。 1．解析：选A。根据空后的“77% of workers surveyed...impacted their work”可知，Deloitte调查的工人中，77%的人说他们曾经历过职业倦怠。其中90%的人表示，压力对他们的工作产生了负面影响。由此判断，很多人都遭遇了职业倦怠。故A项承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析：选D。空前提到“你想摆脱这样的状况吗？”，空后的段落中提到了练习沟通、运动、瑜伽、冥想等帮助缓解职业倦怠的方法，由此判断，该空需衔接后文中提到的缓解职业倦怠的方法。D项符合语境。 3．解析：选E。根据空前内容可知，E项符合语境，该项中的in the office和them呼应上文提到的supervisor和co­workers，该项讲述缓解办公室内产生的职业倦怠的方式。 4．解析：选F。空前提到虽然自我护理是当今的趋势，但它并不能治愈倦怠。后文中提到他们的支持和协助会让你感觉更好。F项提到可以通过寻求医生或朋友的帮助来解决职业倦怠的问题，承上启下，符合语境。 5．解析：选B。空后提到《纽约时报》引用的一项研究发现，花时间进行娱乐活动的外科医生与那些不这样做的人相比，更不易经历职业倦怠。一些放松活动可以是瑜伽、冥想或正念减压疗法。由此判断，该段讲述了另外一些可以缓解职业倦怠的方法。B项符合语境，说明要抽时间做自己喜欢的缓解压力的活动，引出下文的具体介绍。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 distribute v．分配；分布　decline v．减少，衰退　shift n．改变，转变 B篇 unavoidably adv.不可避免地；不得已地　passionate adj.热诚的，狂热的 schedule n．工作计划，日程安排 C篇 land v．成功得到，赢得，捞到(尤指许多人想得到的工作)　illustrator n．插图画家 词缀 变形 B篇 confusion n．困惑，不确定；混淆→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confused adj.困惑的，糊涂的；混乱的 核心 短语 C篇 revolve around 围绕；以……为中心 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$