主题素养练案(20) 选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Living with technology(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·石家庄教学质量检测)Many owners of electric cars have wished for a battery pack that could power their vehicle for more than a thousand miles on a single charge.Researchers have developed a lithium­air battery that could make that dream a reality.The new battery design could also one day power airplanes and trucks.The main new component in this lithium­air battery is a solid electrolyte (电解质) instead of the usual liquid variety. Batteries with solid electrolytes are not subject to safety problems with the liquid electrolytes used in lithium­ion and other battery types, which can overheat and catch fire.More importantly, the solid electrolyte can potentially boost the energy four times, which translates into longer driving range. For over a decade, scientists have been working overtime to develop a lithium (锂) battery that makes use of the oxygen in air.The lithium­air battery has the highest energy of any battery technology being considered for the next generation of batteries beyond lithium­ion. The new solid electrolyte is composed of a material made from relatively inexpensive elements，compared with the past designs.Besides，the chemical reaction in lithium­ion only involves one or two electrons stored per oxygen molecule (分子)，while that for the lithium­air battery involves four electrons.More electrons stored means higher energy. The new design is the first lithium­air battery that has achieved a four­electron reaction at room temperature.It also operates with oxygen supplied by air from the surrounding environment.The capability to run with air avoids the need for oxygen tanks to operate, a problem with earlier designs. “With further development, we expect our new design for the lithium­air battery to reach a record of 1，200 watt­hours per kilogram，” said Curtiss, a researcher.“That is nearly four times better than lithium­ion batteries.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种锂空气电池。有朝一日可以为飞机和卡车提供动力。 1．What contributes most to the lithium­air battery? A．Lithium­ion. B．Oxygen molecules. C．Solid electrolytes. D．Liquid components. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段尾句可知，锂空气电池主要的新成分是固体电解质；根据第二段的内容可知，有固体电解质的电池不存在安全问题。根据第四、六段内容可知，更重要的是，固体电解质可能会将能量提高四倍，这意味着更长的行驶里程。由此可知，对锂空气电池贡献最大的是固体电解质。故选C项。 2．What's the problem with lithium­ion batteries? A．They burn easily if overheated. B．They are unsafe in production. C．They damage the environment. D．They require longer charging time. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“lithium­ion and other...overheat and catch fire”可知，锂离子电池容易过热且着火。故选A项。 3．How does the author organize Paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By presenting statistics. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The new solid electrolyte...compared with the past designs”可知，与过去的设计相比，新的固体电解质由相对便宜的成分制成；本段第二句中while表示前后两种情况的对比，由此可知，作者是用比较的方法来写第四段的。故选B项。 4．What is the best title of the text? A．How Lithium­air Batteries Work B．What Will Be Used to Power Airplanes C．Electric Cars Are Becoming More Popular D．New Batteries Offer Longer Driving Range 解析：选D。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种锂空气电池，介绍了该电池的主要成分、与旧的锂离子电池相比该电池的优点——没有锂离子电池等其他类型的电池存在的安全问题且行驶里程更长等。故选 D项。 B (2024·重庆名校联盟联考)A method of transforming a commonly thrown­away plastic to a resin (树脂) used in 3D printing could allow for making better use of plastic waste.A team of Washington State University (WSU) researchers developed a simple and efficient way to transform Polylactic Acid (PLA) (聚乳酸), a bio­based plastic used in products such as filaments, plastic silverware and food packaging to a high­quality resin. “We found a way to immediately turn this into something that's stronger and better, and we hope that will provide people with the inspiration to upcycle this stuff instead of just throwing it away，” said Yu­Chung Chang, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU's School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and co­corresponding author on the work.“We made stronger materials just straight out of trash.We believe this could be a great opportunity.” Although it's bio­based, PLA，which is categorized as the number 7 plastic, can float in fresh or salt water for a year without degrading.It is also rarely recycled because like many plastics, when it's melted down and re­formed, it doesn't perform as well as the original version and becomes less valuable. “It's biodegradable and compostable, but once you look into it, it turns out that it can take up to 100 years for it to rot away in a landfill, ”Chang said.“In reality，it still creates a lot of pollution.We want to make sure that when we do start producing PLA on the million­tons scale, we will know how to deal with it.” While the researchers focused on PLA for the study, they hope to apply the work to poly­ethylene terephthalate (PET) (涤纶树脂), which is more common than PLA and has a similar chemical structure and presents a bigger waste problem.They have filed a temporary patent and are working to further improve the process.The researchers are also looking into other applications of the upcycling method. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。华盛顿州立大学一组研究人员开发了一种新方法，能将废弃的塑料转化为高质量的树脂以用于3D打印。 5．What can the method help do according to Paragraph 1? A．Solve financial crisis. B．Change waste into wealth. C．Control plastic production. D．Determine 3D printing skills. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A method of transforming...better use of plastic waste”可知，一种常见的将废弃塑料转化为用于3D打印的树脂的方法可以更好地利用塑料垃圾，即这种方法可以变废为宝，B项“变废为宝”。故选B。 6．What does Yu­Chung Chang think of the method? A．Unrealistic. B．Imaginable. C．Promising. D．Common. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中该人说的话“We made stronger materials just straight out of trash.We believe this could be a great opportunity”可知，他认为这种变废为宝的做法很有前景，故选C。 7．Which of the following is a feature of number 7 plastics? A．They are hard to break down. B．They are easy to deal with. C．They are still invaluable after being recycled. D.They are difficult to sort out. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“which is categorized as the number 7 plastic...without degrading”可知，7号塑料的一个特点是可以在淡水或盐水中漂浮一年而不降解，即7号塑料很难分解，故选A。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Applications of an upcycling method. B．3D printing with newly found materials. C．A new way to turn plastics into valuable products. D．Some better methods to break down different plastics. 解析：选C。主旨大意题。总览全文可知，本文主要报道了研究人员开发了一种将废弃塑料转化为高质量的树脂以便适于3D打印的新方法，即一种塑料转化为有价值的产品的新方法，故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·河北省唐山市高三第一次模拟演练)In 2017, my husband­to­be, Ricardo, brought his border collie(牧羊犬), Jack, on our first date.I was swiftly struck by the pair of them.Fast forward 18 months and they'd fitted in__1__with me and my daughter, Cayla.The__2__between Jack and us is like no other—he brings us great joy and makes us happy.Now we were all __3__ to take on a new family member. Then came our __4__ to the animal rescue center.It was a love at first sight between Cayla and a little dog, Ruby.As I __5__， this little creature instantly sat back.She made herself as tall and __6__ as she could, trying to contain her __7__ while apparently letting me know what a good girl she was.It __8__.Our adventures as a family of five __9__. One day, Cayla rode her scooter (踏板车) off out of sight along the footpath, Jack and Ruby by her side.Before long, with an __10__ bark, Jack ran back, forcing us to __11__.We did, and found Cayla, blood covering all her knees after falling off. Cayla looked up smiling, overjoyed that the dogs had come through for her in her moment of __12__.One went for help while the other __13__ the injured.It's a wonderful __14__ of how our dogs care for their pack.And I can't __15__ our family without them. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的女儿在受伤时，两只狗杰克和鲁比营救并照顾她的故事。 1． A．beautifully B．awkwardly C．naughtily D．passively 解析：选A。根据下文he brings us great joy and makes us happy 可知，杰克给“我们”带来了幸福和快乐，所以他们相处得很好。beautifully意为“很好；美好地”，符合语境。 2． A．secret B．difference C．bond D．tension 解析：选C。句意为：杰克和我们之间的纽带是独一无二的——他给我们带来了巨大的快乐，使我们幸福。根据句意可推断，杰克与“我们”有着紧密的关系。bond意为“关系；联系”，符合语境。 3． A．nervous B．ready C．cautious D．patient 解析：选B。根据下文Then came...to the animal rescue center...between Cayla and a little dog, Ruby.可知，作者一家去了动物救援中心，准备再养一只小狗。ready意为“准备好的”，符合语境。 4． A．letter B．guide C．introduction D．trip 解析：选D。根据语境可知，接下来“我们”去了动物救援中心。trip意为“出行；旅程”，符合语境。 5． A．approached B．panicked C．listened D．left 解析：选A。根据语境及常识可知，作者一靠近小狗，小狗就坐下来。approach意为“接近；靠近”，符合语境。 6． A．important B．noisy C．still D．noble 解析：选C。根据下文letting me know what a good girl she was 可知，小狗老老实实地坐好，让作者知道它是一只乖巧的小狗，进而能够被领养。still意为“静止的；安静的”，符合语境。 7． A．fear B．excitement C．surprise D．despair 解析：选B。根据常识可知，小狗碰到喜欢的人时会非常激动，想要被喜欢的人带走领养。excitement意为“激动”，符合语境。 8． A．failed B．moved C．hurt D．worked 解析：选D。根据下文as a family of five可知，鲁比开始成为一家五口成员之一。由此可知，前面小狗老老实实地坐好，让作者知道它是一只乖巧的小狗，进而能够被领养的目的达到了，此处指小狗前面的做法起了作用，也就是作者一家领养了它。work意为“起作用；工作”，符合语境。 9． A．continued B．began C．neared D．slowed 解析：选B。根据前面的Now we were all ______ to take on a new family member.可知，“我们”收养了鲁比，开始了一家五口的生活。begin意为“开始”，符合语境。 10．A．urgent B．uncomfortable C．amusing D．annoying 解析：选A。根据下文blood covering all her knees after falling off可知，情况紧急，杰克快速跑了回来，急切地叫着。urgent意为“紧急的；急迫的”，符合语境。 11．A．hide B．escape C．accept D．follow 解析：选D。根据语境可知，杰克跑了回来，让“我们”跟着它跑，“我们”发现了凯拉，她摔倒了，膝盖上都是血。follow 意为“跟随”，符合语境。 12．A．anger B．need C．stress D．loneliness 解析：选B。根据语境可知，凯拉微笑着抬起头，很高兴狗狗们在她需要的时候帮了她。need意为“需要”，符合语境。 13．A．carried B．greeted C．found D．tended 解析：选D。根据语境可知，两只狗在危急时刻，一个去寻求帮助，另一个留下照顾伤员。 tend意为“照顾”，符合语境。 14．A．opportunity B．excuse C．example D．concept 解析：选C。根据语境可知，这是狗狗照顾群体的一个很好的例子。example意为“例子”，符合语境。 15．A．support B．contact C．imagine D．save 解析：选C。根据语境和常识可知，此处指作者习惯了与狗狗的生活，无法想象没有它们会怎样。imagine意为“想象”，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Many years ago, a dance between clay and fire gave rise to a piece of art：porcelain, an artwork 1.____________ is fine and crisp. Flames in kilns (窑) around China have been burning since the Xia and Shang dynasties.Along the way, porcelain 2.____________ (create)． Porcelain is ceramic made by heating raw materials, often a mix of china stone and kaolin clay, in a kiln at a temperature as high as 1，200 degrees Celsius.Temperature is the key to 3.____________ (make) porcelain.Going through the fire of reinvention at a high temperature gives porcelain greater strength 4.____________ richer colors. Celadon produced in Longquan, Zhejiang Province, with a technique passed down for more than 1，600 years, is a typical example of craftsmen's pursuit of the perfect green glint.It takes 72 steps 5.____________ (produce) Longquan celadon's jade­like green.Plum green and light green, or tianqing (the color of the sky after a rain), are two colors of the best quality.Porcelain has also been a 6.____________ (carry) for cultural exchanges.In addition 7.____________ China's silk and tea, porcelain was one of the first products to receive worldwide trade. Porcelain began as a practical utensil (器具) and 8.____________ (gradual) became a form of art.Even when porcelain was broken into 9.______ (piece) and buried deep in mud, the cultural values 10.____________ (attach) to it would never disappear.As a memory that can be felt with both hands, porcelain is touchable history. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章通过描述制作陶瓷的过程以及介绍陶瓷的历史与文化价值来阐述陶瓷之美和特殊性。 1．解析：that/which。考查定语从句。句意：许多年前，黏土和火之间的交融产生了一件艺术品：瓷器，一件精致而易碎的艺术品。分析知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是artwork，在从句中作主语，用that或者which引导。故填that/which。 2．解析：was created。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在这个过程中，瓷器被创作出来。分析知，create作本句谓语，和主语porcelain之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数。故填was created。 3．解析：making。考查非谓语动词。句意：温度是制作瓷器的关键。the key to...为固定短语“……的关键”，to是介词，所以空处应填动名词作宾语。故填making。 4．解析：and。考查连词。句意：在高温下经过再一次的火焰烘烤使瓷器具有更大的硬度和更丰富的颜色。分析知，句中“greater strength”和“richer colors”是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 5．解析：to produce。考查非谓语动词。句意：龙泉青瓷的翡翠般的绿色需要72道工序才能生产出来。此处为固定句型：it takes...to do sth 意为“做某事花费……”。故填to produce。 6．解析：carrier。考查名词。句意：瓷器也是文化交流的载体。分析知，空前是不定冠词，所以空处应填名词作表语，空处表达“载体”之意，carrier意为“载体”符合语境。故填carrier。 7．解析：to。考查介词。句意：除了中国的丝绸和茶叶外，瓷器是首批接受世界贸易的产品之一。此处是固定搭配：in addition to意为“除了”。故填to。 8．解析：gradually。考查副词。句意：瓷器最初是一种实用器具，后来逐渐成为一种艺术形式。分析知，空处修饰动词became，应用副词修饰。故填gradually。 9．解析：pieces。考查名词单复数。句意：即使瓷器碎成碎片，被深埋在泥里，它所附带的文化价值也永远不会消失。分析知，空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，piece意为“碎片”，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填pieces。 10．解析：attached。考查非谓语动词。句意见上题。分析知，本句已有谓语动词，所以attach用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语values之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词作后置定语。故填attached。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 component n．成分，组成部分　boost v．使增长，使兴旺　involve v．牵涉，涉及 B篇 transform v．使改变形态，使改变外观(或性质)　categorize v．将……分类，把……加以归类　degrade v．分解，降解　version n．版本，变体　biodegradable adj.可生物降解的 熟词 生义 A篇 power 常用义：n.控制力，影响力→文章义：v.驱动，推动(机器或车辆) 核心 短语 A篇 wish for盼望，希望得到　make use of 利用　be composed of 由……组成 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$