语法专题 第2部分 第3讲 形容词与副词(word教参)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版2019）

第3讲 形容词与副词 01 形容词和副词的用法 1.形容词用法：修饰名词作定语；跟在系动词后作表语；跟在宾语后作宾补；还可用作状语。 Having been praised by the teacher，the little girl ran back home，happy and satisfied. 被老师表扬之后，这个小女孩既开心又满足地跑回了家。 2．副词用法：修饰动词；修饰形容词或副词；单独作状语。 (2023·全国乙卷)That was the first time I watched a live musical performance.The fantastic players touched me deeply. 那是我第一次看现场音乐表演。那些出色的球员们深深地打动了我。 [点拨]有些副词如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Unbelievably, he knew my confusion, saying, “It was your original ideas, distinctive writing style as well as rich imagination that left a deep impression on readers.” 令人难以置信的是，他知道我的困惑，他说：“正是你原创的想法、独特的写作风格和丰富的想象力给读者留下了深刻的印象。” 02 形容词变副词的规则 类别 例词 直接加­ly clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很，大大地 以“辅音字母＋­y”结尾的形容词，变y为i再加­ly happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地 词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加­y(whole例外) terrible→terribly极度地 gentle→gently轻柔地 词尾为­ue的形容词，去掉e，再加­ly true→truly真实地 词尾为­ll的形容词，直接加­y full→fully充分地；完全地 dull→dully迟钝地 词尾为­ic的形容词，加­ally(public例外) basic→basically基本上scientific→scientifically合乎科学地 03 形容词和副词的比较等级 1.比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 ①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加­er，­est构成，如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表： 特殊情况 构成方法 例词 以不发音的字母­e结尾 加­r和­st brave—braver—bravest 以“辅音字母＋­y”结尾 变y为i，再加­er和­est happy—happier—happiest 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾，再加­er和­est hot—hotter—hottest ②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more和most构成。 active—more active—most active happily—more happily—most happily [点拨](1)有少数双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, wicked等。 (2)有些形容词和副词没有程度可分或形容词和副词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词和副词有：right，wrong，excellent，possible，first，wooden，final，east，last等。 (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good，well better best bad worse worst many，much more most little less least far ·farther指时间或空间上“更远(的)” ·further指空间距离“更远(的)”；在更大程度上 ·farthest指时间或空间上“最久(的)；最远(的)” ·furthest指空间距离“最远(的)”；在最大程度上 old older/elder oldest/eldest 2.比较等级的常见结构 (1)同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。 (2)比较级结构：“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read. 这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。 (3)最高级结构：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost以及序数词等。 Raymond's parents wanted him to have the best possible education. 雷蒙德的父母想让他接受尽可能最好的教育。 3．比较等级的特殊结构 (1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more/less and less＋原级”表示“越来越……”。 Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive. 假期的机票越来越便宜了。 (2)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语， the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。 The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak. 你听和读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。 (3)“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。 Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，对我来说它很容易携带。 (4)比较级表达最高级含义 ①“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。 Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了；我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。 ②比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义： The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。 4．倍数表达法 (1)A＋is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B (2)A＋is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B (3)A＋is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B (4)the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B (5)A＋is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 The production is now three times what it was ten years ago. 现在的产量是十年前的三倍。 Ⅰ.真题演练 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)They both fell asleep (sleep) while watching TV. 3．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he looked down, he accidentally (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. 4．(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful (meaning). 5．(2022·全国甲卷)…and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa's highest (high) mountain. 6．(2022·全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the largest (large) tea­producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 7．(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 8．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will undoubtedly (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the hotter (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving us astonished (astonish). 9．(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better (good) than to ride on a piece of history! 10．(2021·全国乙卷)Provide financial (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. Ⅱ.模拟冲关 1．(2024·沈阳市质量监测)After the founding of the PRC, the central government invested enormously (enormous) in Beijing glassware. 2．(2024·成都一诊)The documentary compared Du to Shakespeare to help audiences better (well) understand the poet's great achievements in literature. 3．(2024·江苏镇江模拟)Compared with other provinces，they are also larger (large) in number，and have bigger impact. 4．(2024·江淮十校联考)For those who have seen War for the Planet of the Apes, it's easy to come to this conclusion that the movie isn't about war or the planet, and it's not necessarily (necessary) even about the apes. 5．(2024·江西五市八校联考)The first part of the underwater tunnel for the Hong Kong­Zhuhai­Macao Bridge was successfully (success) completed on Oct 8, 2016.Known as “one of the seven modern wonders in the world”， it is the world's__longest (long) bridge currently being constructed. 6．(2024·焦作一模) However, some studies suggest that noise may bring about hearing loss.The stress from human noise might also affect the immune system and animal's natural (nature) defense system. 7．(2024·大同一中模拟)Until now, people were also allowed to exercise individually (individual) as long as it was for less (little) than an hour and within one kilometer of their home. 8．(2024·长春模拟) Have you ever been to a Michelin restaurant? For most chefs, there's no bigger (big) honor than having your restaurant awarded a Michelin star. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$