专题2 第2讲 形容词和副词(ppt课件)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版2019）

第二讲　形容词和副词 专题二　需要变形的词：名词、形容词和副词 高考 考法 洞悉 零距离接触高考题 高考技巧点拨 1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is 64.________ (rare) enough，yet two seems greedy. 2.(2023·全国甲卷)67.____________ (difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 3.(2023·浙江1月卷)Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 62._________ (simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower. 4.(2022·全国甲卷)...in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s 68._________ (high) mountain. 1.考查词性转换； 2.考查形容词或副词的比较级； 3.考查形容词或副词的最高级。 rarely Different simpler highest 网络建构 一目了然 语法精讲 解惑释疑 考点1　形容词和副词的句法功能 词性 功能 例句 形容词 在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语(说明主语的状态、性质或特征等) Depressed and helpless，Eric burst into tears. Eric沮丧而无助，突然大哭起来。 副词 在句中作状语，修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子等，方位副词可作后置定语、表语或补足语 I couldn’t find my way out，so I stayed there all along. 我找不到出去的路，因此我一直待在那里。 考点2　形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加-y rain→rainy，cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，sleep→sleepy，wealth→wealthy 词尾加-(e)d learn→learned，gift→gifted，talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited 词尾加-ing challenge→challenging，surprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，thank→thankful/thankless，peace→peaceful/peaceless，use→useful/useless，home→homeless 类别 例词 词尾加-able accept→acceptable，comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，respect→respectable，reason→reasonable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident，difference→different 类别 例词 词尾加-al music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden，wool→woolen 动词词尾加-ive/-ative attract→attractive，talk→talkative，prevent→preventive，protect→protective 其他常见变化 energy→energetic，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如sun→sunny，fun→funny等，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y，如noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等 名师点津　区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词的具体方法： (1)-ing形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质特征，常译为“令人……的”。 (2)-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile (微笑)，feeling (感觉)，appearance (外貌)，cry (哭)，face (面部表情)，voice (声音)，mood (情绪)，look (表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。 考点3　副词的构词规律 类别 例词 形容词＋后缀ly sudden→suddenly，sincere→sincerely，loud→loudly，clear→clearly 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，变y为i加ly lucky→luckily，heavy→heavily，angry→angrily，happy→happily 词尾为-le的形容词，去e，再加-y possible→possibly，simple→simply，comfortable→comfortably，gentle→gently，probable→probably 词尾为-ue的形容词，去e再加-ly true→truly 词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally dramatic→dramatically，academic→academically，scientific→scientifically，basic→basically 考点4　比较级和最高级的用法 　　形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表比较意义的语境推出用比较级还是最高级；二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。 1．比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则形式 ①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加-er，-est构成，如clever→cleverer→cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表： 特殊情况 构成方法 例词 以不发音的字母-e结尾 加-r和-st brave→braver→bravest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i，再加-er和-est happy→happier→happiest 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾，再加-er和-est hot→hotter→hottest ②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more和most构成。 active→more active→most active happily→more happily→most happily 名师点津　有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common，handsome，quiet，pleasant，cruel，stupid，tired和以-ow，-er结尾的词。 有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right，wrong，excellent，possible，empty，first，wooden，final，east，last等。 (2)不规则形式 原级 比较级 最高级 good，well better best bad，ill worse worst many，much more most little less least far farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”) further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上) old older/elder oldest/eldest 2.等级用法的固定句型 (1)同级比较：as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。 (2)比较级结构：形容词/副词的比较级＋than; more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than。常见的修饰比较级的词有any，much，even，far，by far，a lot，a great deal等。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read. 这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。 (3)最高级结构：the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)；one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far，almost以及序数词等。 Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the best possible education. 雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。 3．比较级的常用句型 (1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more/less and less＋原级”表示“越来越……”。 Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive. 假期的机票越来越便宜了。 (2)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。 The more you listen and read，the better you write and speak. 你听得越多、读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。 (3)“the＋比较级＋of(the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。 Of the two cameras，I would prefer the smaller one，which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。 4．比较级形式表示最高级的含义 (1)“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so ...as”结构表示最高级含义。 Your story is perfect; I’ve never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了；我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事了。 (2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义： ①比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 ②比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 ③比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。 5．倍数表达法 常见的倍数表达句型主要有： (1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B (2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B (3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of B (4)A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 Smoking is harmful to people’s health，killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. 吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多七倍。 小题微练——单句语法填空 1．But that’s how nature is—always leaving us ____________ (astonish). 2．The __________________ (comfortable) climate to visit Jiuzhaigou is in July. 3．Mike McKenzie found that students who studied over three hours per day were 3.5 times _____________ (likely) to be exercisers. 4．The ____________ (impress) dance is named The Prayer，which was the opening performance of the ceremony. 5．She is not an outgoing person and she doesn’t let anyone know what she _______ (true) feels. astonished most comfortable more likely impressive truly 素养提能 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，_______ (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)So，what are they learning? ____________ (basic)，how to describe a panda’s life. 3．(2023·全国乙卷改编)Beijing is also a place with 21st-century architectural _________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 4．(2023·浙江1月卷)The term“hutong”，____________ (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. tasty Basically wonders originally 5．(2023·浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by __________ (space) homes and walled gardens. 6．(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________ (meaning). 7．(2022·全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental ____________ (protect). 8．Stilts (高跷) is usually performed by stilt walkers，each of whom has two long stilts tied to their feet，making them _____(tall) than everyone else around them. spacious meaningful protection taller 9．The beauty of Jiuzhaigou is beyond _____________ (describe). 10．To exhibit one’s work at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C. would be a high point in any artist’s career; to receive such an honor at the age of fourteen is _______ (true) remarkable. description truly Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．(2023·全国甲卷)在我看来，在公认的中国历史人物中，范仲淹是最有影响力的。 Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan _________________________ in my opinion. 2．(2023·浙江1月卷)令我满意的是，没有其他微小的生物会再遇到这种麻烦了。 _________________，no other tiny creatures would meet this trouble any more. is the most influential To my satisfaction 3．(2023·浙江1月卷)毫无疑问，通过这次有意义的活动，我获得了许多关于植物的知识，并对它们产生了兴趣。 ______________，I gained numerous knowledge on plants and _________________________________________________________. 4．(2022·全国乙卷)听英文歌曲的学生比例高达65%。 The percent of the students who listen to English songs is ________________. 5．(2022·浙江1月卷)我们见面越多，就越了解他的能力。 The more we met，__________________ his ability. Undoubtedly have become interested in them through this meaningful activity as high as 65% the more we knew Ⅲ.语法与语篇 　　What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 1.________ (human) are. 　　The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 2._____________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The 3._________ (amaze) thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the 4.________ (hot) the spring! Strange，isn’t it? But that’s how nature is—always leaving us astonished. humans undoubtedly amazing hotter 　　What comes next is the endless series of 5._______ (step).You can’t help wondering how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 　　As visitors go，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitors’ 6.__________ (memorize).It surely does in mine. While you’re in China，Mount Huangshan is a must to visit! steps memories 谢谢观看 $$