主题素养练案 (15) 必修第三册 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·重庆市高三质量检测四)Nuclear bombs.That's the go­to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids (小行星) and comets, as far as Hollywood is concerned.Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons, delivered by stars like Bruce Willis, to save the world and deliver the drama. But planetary defense experts say in reality, if astronomers spotted a dangerous incoming space rock, the safest and best answer might be something more subtle, like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft. That's just what NASA did, when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos, which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth.It's about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid. In images streamed as the impact neared, the egg­shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target. Events happened exactly as engineers had planned, they said, with nothing going wrong.“As far as we can tell, our first planetary defense test was a success，”said Elena Adams, the mission systems engineer, who added that scientists looked on with “both terror and joy” as the spacecraft neared its final destination. The impact was the peak of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), a 7­year and more than ＄300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanity's first ever test of planetary defense technology.It will be about two months, scientists said, before they will be able to determine if the impact was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course, probably shortening its original orbit. NASA plans to launch an asteroid­hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2028.“We've tracked lots of space rocks, especially the larger ones that could cause extinction­level events.Thankfully, none currently threatens Earth.But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven't yet been discovered, and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down，”explains Lindley Johnson, NASA's Planetary Defense Officer. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局实施的行星防御测试：如果发现了危险的太空岩石，最安全的解决措施就是利用小型航天器与其撞击，使其偏离轨道。 1．How did scientists know the craft hit the asteroid successfully? A．The signal from the craft was lost as it hit the target. B．They recorded the whole process with a telescope. C．The little spot on the screen suddenly disappeared. D．They monitored the craft with satellites in space. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In images streamed as the impact...the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target”可知，这颗鸡蛋形状的行星在撞击时的监测图像中显示为信号点并不断变化，飞行器成功击中目标后，飞行器的信号消失。故选A项。 2．What is the purpose of launching the spacecraft? A．To search for evidence of alien life. B．To end the asteroid's threat to Earth. C．To save the world and deliver a drama. D．To test technology for defending Earth. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，这次撞击是美国国家航空航天局双小行星重定向测试的最关键测试。这个于2021年11月发射的航天器历时7年、耗资超过3亿美元，其目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试。故选D项。 3．What can be inferred about Dimorphos? A．It is a dangerous incoming space rock. B．It is an egg­shaped asteroid around Earth. C．It may orbit the same asteroid after the hit. D．It is expected to blow up after the impact. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段至第五段可知，美国国家航空航天局用一艘航天器撞向一颗正围绕另一颗较大的行星运行的小行星Dimorphos，这次撞击是为了推动它偏离轨道，撞击是成功的，因此推断撞击后，它很可能改变自己的轨道周期，但还是绕着同一颗小行星运行。故选C项。 4．Which statement will Lindley Johnson probably agree with? A．Asteroids are equally destructive whatever the size. B．NEO Surveyor is aimed to track smaller asteroids. C．Larger asteroids will no longer threaten Earth. D．NASA is responsible for the safety of Earth. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究人员之前主要追踪大行星，但并未发现会对地球产生威胁的大行星。不过很多像Dimorphos这样的小行星尚未被发现，如果发生撞击，它们可以摧毁一座城市。所以这些未被发现的小行星才是对地球有潜在威胁的存在。由此推断，“NEO测量者”的目标应该是发现相对比较小的小行星。故选B项。 B (2024·黄冈高三阶段性质量抽测)A small device no bigger than a toaster has generated oxygen on the surface of Mars, bringing the chance of surviving on the red planet a step closer.The Mars Oxygen In­Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, better known as MOXIE, has been generating oxygen from the atmosphere on Mars rich in carbon dioxide, as part of NASA's Mars Perseverance rover mission, which began in February last year. Research published in the journal Science Advances reported that MOXIE produced breathable oxygen in seven­hour­long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric conditions since landing last year.The research found that during each test and even in extreme temperatures or after a Martian dust storm, MOXIE continued to produce high­purity oxygen. The device uses pumps that suck carbon dioxide.The gas is heated to 800℃ and the carbon and the oxygen are separated.Carbon monoxide is emitted as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind.“This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming them chemically into something that would be useful for a human mission，”Jeffrey Hoffman, a retired astronaut and a professor at MIT's Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, also noted that the results were “groundbreaking and historic”． NASA and the MIT team are planning to build a bigger version of MOXIE.They hope advanced models will produce enough oxygen to support a human mission to Mars, and generate the gas needed to send a rocket back to Earth.“To support a human mission to Mars, we have to bring a lot of stuff from Earth like computers, spacesuits, but dumb old oxygen？If you can make it there, go for it.You're way ahead of the game，” Hoffman said. The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more mutable than that on Earth.Hoffman said，“One objective now is to show we can run MOXIE in all seasons.” [语篇解读]本文是新闻报道。火星氧气原位资源利用实验(MOXIE)在火星表面产生了氧气，使人类距离在火星上生存又近了一步。目前，美国科学家正计划建造一个更大版本的MOXIE，希望能够产生足够的氧气来支持载人火星任务并产生将火箭送回地球所需的气体。 5．What can we learn about MOXIE in this passage? A．It fails in the seven­hour­long test. B．It performs worse in extreme weather. C．It can improve the chance of survival on Moon. D．It can produce oxygen from the atmosphere on Mars. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“better known as MOXIE，has been generating oxygen from the atmosphere on Mars”可知，MOXIE能够从火星大气中产生氧气，故选D。 6．What's the attitude towards the test results of MOXIE according to Hoffman? A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Unclear. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This is the first demonstration of...for a human mission”“noted that the results were‘groundbreaking and historic’”可知，Hoffman认为这是首次真正利用火星表面的资源并将其用化学方法转化为对人类任务有用的东西，并指出结果是开创性的和具有历史意义的。由此可推知，他对这一结果的态度是积极的，故选B。 7．What is the purpose of building a bigger version of MOXIE? A．To make MOXIE more advanced. B．To take a lead in this field. C．To meet the need for oxygen. C．To avoid bringing much stuff. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“NASA and the MIT team are...rocket back to Earth”可知，更大版本的MOXIE的任务是产生足够的氧气来支持载人火星任务并产生将火箭送回地球所需的气体，故选C。 8．Where can the text be found? A．In a biography. B．In science fiction. C．In a science magazine. D．In chemistry textbooks. 解析：选C。推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了MOXIE在火星表面产生氧气的事实，属于科技性文章，应来自科技杂志，故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·广东六校联考)Science shows that stretching (伸展) is essential after exercise.Stretching lengthens and mobilizes the connective tissue around your muscles.What's more，stretching helps your blood flow and even relieves your stress.1.________ You could feel sick.You won't be surprised to know that when you exercise，you raise your heart rate for a period of time.While it's great to get that blood flowing，it's just as important to get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over.2.________ As your heart is beating faster and your body temperature is higher，you could pass out or feel sick if you stop too fast.Stretching after physical activity allows a gradual decrease at the end of the episode. Your muscles will likely become stiffer and more sore.When you exercise your muscles，it produces lactic acid (乳酸)，which is actually what causes your muscles to become sore.When you rest between periods of exercise，your body naturally breaks down that lactic acid.Is there one thing that helps your body get rid of that lactic acid？3.________ Stretching helps you distribute oxygen throughout your body，which can reduce lactic acid production and rid your muscles of any accumulation of lactic acid. 4．________ Flexibility is closely related to injury risk.Poor flexibility will cause you to have muscles that get tired more quickly and joints that are more likely to suffer from injury.Besides，your weakened range of motion will lead to less blood and nutrients to your joints.5.________ Sticking to stretching after physical activity can hopefully improve your flexibility. A．You'll be at risk of injury. B．You guessed it：stretching. C．You'll improve your flexibility by stretching. D．It does wonders for both your physical and mental health. E．This is also know in the fitness world as“cooling down”． F．There are harmful side effects if you don't stretch after exercise. G．That's why people often feel pain in their weight­bearing joints like knees and hips. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。科学研究表明运动后拉伸非常有必要。本篇文章介绍了人在运动后为什么要拉伸以及拉伸的好处。 1．解析：选F。空前讲到了拉伸的好处。根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处承上启下，应该会讲到运动后不拉伸的坏处。故选F项“如果你运动后不做伸展运动，就会产生副作用”。 2．解析：选E。根据空前的“it's just as important...workout is over”可知，E项“这在健身界也被称为‘降温’”符合语境，且E项中的“This”指代“get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over”。 3．解析：选B。空前提出一个问题：有没有方法可以帮助身体摆脱乳酸？接下来应该回答这个问题并呼应主题，故B项“你猜对了：拉伸”对空前的提问进行了回答，空后进一步对拉伸是如何帮助身体摆脱乳酸的进行了解释。 4．解析：选A。根据第二段和第三段的首句可知，空处应与前两段在逻辑上保持一致，也应该讲不做拉伸的负面作用，再结合空后的“injury risk”可知，A项“你将会有受伤的危险”符合语境。 5．解析：选G。根据空前两句内容可知，灵活性差会导致你的肌肉更快疲劳，关节更易损伤。除此之外，肌肉运动范围的缩小会导致关节的血液和营养供应减少。G项“那就是人们的负重关节(如膝盖和髋关节)经常感到疼痛的原因”符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 China's space station, Tiangong, will get 1.____________ (busy) exploring space science and technology in the following years than before, as Shenzhou­15 2.____________ (send) into space finishes the last stage of its construction and kicks off the first stage of its application and development. A“three­step”strategy 3.____________ (start) by China to improve its human space programme in 1992 4.____________ constructing a space station was still a dream, sending astronauts into space and making sure 5.____________ their safe return was the first step.Developing advanced space flight techniques and technologies was the second step.The third step is 6.____________ (construct) and operate a permanent manned space station. In April 2021，the country kicked off the in­orbit construction of its space station 7.__________ (official) by launching the core module (核心舱)Tianhe.“Until now, we 8.____________ (overcome) many technical difficulties，”said Yang Liwei, China's first “space 9.____________ (travel)”．His space flight marked a historic moment：China was now the third nation in the world capable of developing and launching a manned space vehicle. 10．____________ total of 12 astronauts on four spaceships—Shenzhou­12，Shenzhou­13，Shenzhou­14，and Shenzhou­15—have participated in the in­orbit costruction of the space station. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了中国航天事业的发展历程。 1．解析：busier。考查形容词比较级。由于已发射升空的神舟十五号完成了空间站最后一阶段的建造，结束了最后一阶段的应用和研究，未来几年，中国的空间站“天宫”将比之前更加忙于探索空间科学和技术。由句中的get和than before可知，空处应用形容词比较级。 2．解析：sent。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。send与Shenzhou­15之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。 3．解析：was started。考查时态和语态。为改善人类空间项目，1992年中国开始了“三步走”方略，这一方略是基于当时建造空间站还停留在梦想阶段，将宇航员送往太空并确保他们安全返回是首要任务。根据时间状语“in 1992”可知，此处应用一般过去时。start与主语是被动关系，应用被动语态。 4．解析：when。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词1992，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when。 5．解析：of。考查介词。make sure of sth“确保……”，是固定搭配，故填of。 6．解析：to construct。考查非谓语动词。第三步是建造并运行永久人造空间站。根据语境可知，空处是非谓语动词作表语；结合空后的“and operate”可知，空处应用不定式。故填to construct。注意：and连接并列的不定式作表语，第二个不定式中的to承前省略了。 7．解析：officially。考查副词。2021年4月，国家发射了天和核心舱，正式开启了在轨空间站建设。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词短语kicked off，应用所给词的副词形式。 8．解析：have overcome。考查时态。中国第一位“太空旅行者”杨利伟说：“到现在，我们已经克服了很多技术难题了。”根据时间状语“Until now”可知，本句用现在完成时。故填have overcome。 9．解析：traveler/traveller。考查名词。此处指中国的第一位“太空旅行者”，故填traveler/traveller。 10．解析：A。考查冠词。共有12名航天员参与了空间站的在轨建设。a total of意为“共有……”。注意：空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 planetary adj.行星的　defense n．保护，防护　astronomer n．天文学家　destination n．终点 B篇 generate v．产生，引起　extreme adj.极端的，严重的，极度的　emit v．发出，射出，散发(光、热、声音、气等)　demonstration n．示范，证明，说明　mutable adj.可变的 核心 短语 A篇 as far as...is concerned就……而言　rely on 依靠，依赖　nuclear weapons 核武器 B篇 transform...into...将……变成…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$