主题素养练案 (8) 必修第二册 UNIT 2 WILDLIFE PROTECTION(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·日照高三联合考试)Every year from May to July, tens of thousands of Tibetan antelopes from regions in Qinghai, the Tibet autonomous region, and the Xinjiang autonomous region make their way to the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve in Qinghai to give birth.The mothers and newborn Tibetan antelopes make the return trip around August. This journey is rather tough.More than 90 percent of the female animals give birth every year, but only about 30 percent of the newborns survive.Many of them die on the return journey, unable to withstand the predators (捕食性动物) and diseases.The government has adopted some high­tech methods to assist in the safe return of newborn antelopes and protect the species. In 2013, with the help of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, researchers discovered and confirmed the largest Tibetan antelope “birth room” on the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau, and they mapped the migration routes of Tibetan antelopes.Since late 2018, a solar­powered drone has been used to monitor the migration herds.“The solar­powered drone has a long flying time with high­resolution cameras, which gives us a new understanding of many specific routes during the migration of Tibetan antelopes，” said Wu Xiaomin, an expert from the Shaanxi Institute of Zoology.“For example, the nomads (游牧民) put fences on the grassland to protect the grass, but sometimes these hinder the normal activity of the Tibetan antelopes.” To clear the way for the Tibetan antelopes, the government of Tibet has taken action in recent years to give more protected space to wildlife.They relocate nomads from places at altitudes above 4，800 meters to other places in the region. Known as “plateau elves”， Tibetan antelopes have adapted to the unique and severe natural conditions of the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau.According to Wu, the Tibetan antelope is recognized as an important indicator species of the natural ecosystem. The population of Tibetan antelopes has grown.“With a recorded low population of fewer than 20，000 in Qinghai, the number has now reached over 70，000，” said former Qinghai governor Xin Changxing at an event to mark World Environment Day. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。藏羚羊是自然生态系统的重要指示物种。为了保护藏羚羊，西藏自治区人民政府近些年来实施保护行动，为这些动物提供了更多保护空间。 1．What can we learn about Tibetan antelopes? A．They travel to Hoh Xil to find partners. B．Only 30 percent of them give birth every year. C．Their yearly trip to the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve takes about one month. D．The newborns are threatened by diseases and predators. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的“More than 90...predators (捕食性动物) and diseases”可知，每年超过90%的雌性藏羚羊会生产，而仅有30%的新生藏羚羊能存活下来。在返回的途中，很多新生藏羚羊因为无法抵御掠食者和疾病而死亡，即新生藏羚羊会受到掠食者和疾病的威胁。 2．What is the solar­powered drone mainly used for? A．Locating the Tibetan antelope “birth room”． B．Recording Tibetan antelopes' daily activities. C．Watching over the migrating Tibetan antelopes. D．Mapping the migration routes of Tibetan antelopes. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“Since late 2018...Shannxi Institute of Zoology”可知，自2018年底以来，一架太阳能无人机已被用于监测迁徙的藏羚羊群。陕西省动物研究所专家吴晓民说：“这种太阳能无人机配备分辨率高的摄像头，飞行时间长，这让我们对藏羚羊迁徙过程中的许多具体路线有了新的了解。”由此可知，太阳能无人机主要用于监测迁徙的藏羚羊群。 3．What does the underlined word “hinder” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Pay attention to. B．Cause trouble for. C．Take control of. D．Play an important role in. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词前举的例子“For example, the nomads (游牧民)...protect the grass”可知，游牧民在草原上设置栅栏来保护草地。再根据第四段的“To clear the way...protected space to wildlife”可知，为了给藏羚羊扫清道路，西藏自治区人民政府为野生动物提供了更多保护空间。由此可知，游牧民设置的保护草地的栅栏成了藏羚羊正常活动的障碍。故选B项。 4．How does the government protect Tibetan antelopes? A．By expanding the area of reserve. B．By driving away their predators. C．By encouraging nomads to protect them. D．By relocating them to a protected place. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，为了给藏羚羊扫清道路，西藏自治区人民政府近年来采取行动，给野生动物更多保护空间。他们将游牧民从海拔4 800米以上的地方迁移到该地区的其他地方。由此可知，为了保护藏羚羊，该政府为藏羚羊提供了更多保护空间，即扩大了保护区的范围。故选A项。 B (2024·昆明高三教学质量检测)An Arizona aquarium is celebrating the hatching of three endangered African penguin chicks, saying the tiny additions are genetically valuable as zoos and aquariums around the world work to ensure the species' survival through breeding (培育) programs and conservation efforts. Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement on Friday, posting the video of the cute birds on social media.They hatched a few weeks ago and will remain behind the scenes with their parents until they're ready for a public appearance. African penguins have suffered a massive population decline over the decades and are listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.So any successful hatching is cause for celebration, said Jessica Peranteau, director of animal training and education at the aquarium. “As the population of the African penguin continues to rapidly decline—down 23% in the past two years alone—OdySea Aquarium remains committed to the survival of the species in partnership with Association of Zoos and Aquariums，”Peranteau said in a statement.The breeding program established by the organization aims to build up a gene bank for the species. Officials say two of the three new chicks in Scottsdale were born to parents Mojo and Lemieux—a power couple of sorts that was selected for pairing as part of the breeding program.The third chick was born to first­time parents Bubbles and Weasley. Aquarium workers will regularly conduct “chick checks”，brief exams to monitor their growth and development and ensure they are hitting all necessary milestones.The three chicks have yet to be named, and their sex hasn't yet been determined.For now they're known by their numbers，42，43 and 44.In all, OdySea Aquarium now has 40 African penguins and has recorded 13 successful hatching. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章通过OdySea 水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，讲述非洲企鹅数量锐减，OdySea 水族馆与Association of Zoos and Aquariums 为该物种的生存而努力。 5．How did OdySea Aquarium announce the birth of the chicks? A．By advertising its breeding program. B．By uploading a video of them online. C．By holding a contest to name them. D．By offering a free visit to the zoo. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement on Friday, posting the video of the cute birds on social media” 可知，水族馆的工作人员将孵化出的可爱的企鹅幼鸟的视频发布到网上，宣布三只企鹅幼鸟的诞生。故B项正确。 6．What is special about OdySea Aquarium? A．It works on its own to protect penguins. B．It aims to create new habitats for penguins. C．It has hatched 40 African penguins so far. D．It focuses on the survival of the penguins. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘As the population of the African penguin...in partnership with Association of Zoos and Aquariums，’ Peranteau said in a statement” 可知，OdySea 水族馆与Association of Zoos and Aquariums 为非洲企鹅的生存做出努力，所以该水族馆关注非洲企鹅的生存。故D项正确。 7．What can we learn about the three penguin chicks? A．They were born to the same parents. B．They were raised by a power couple. C．Their gender has been identified. D．Their growth is monitored closely. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Aquarium workers will regularly conduct ‘chick checks’，brief exams to monitor their growth and development and ensure they are hitting all necessary milestones”可知，水族馆工作人员定期对这三只企鹅幼鸟进行检查，通过简单的检查来监测它们的成长和发育。由此可推断，这三只幼鸟在密切监测下成长。故D项正确。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Endangered penguin chicks hatch at OdySea Aquarium. B．Penguin chicks make their first appearance in public. C．African penguins suffer a sharp decline in populations. D．Newly­born penguins are taken good care of in zoos. 解析：选A。主旨大意题。根据首段的内容可知，本文通过OdySea 水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，围绕非洲企鹅的数量锐减、OdySea 水族馆与Association of Zoos and Aquariums 为该物种的生存所做出的一系列努力开展讲述。由此可知，A项“濒危的企鹅幼鸟在OdySea 水族馆孵化”最能概括本文的主旨。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·南京高三调研)Rene Campbell has devoted most of her life to shaping her figure into one completely against what society thinks a woman should look like. “I was always very insecure about my body image，as everyone seemed to know for sure that women needed to look a certain way，”she says when reflecting on her motivation to transform herself.1.________For quite some time，she struggled with eating disorders because she was trying to keep her weight really low and appear skinny，like the women on magazine covers.2.________It was then that she became attracted by the way these seemingly confident women held themselves. However，building her dream body—gaining over 85 pounds，going from a size 8 to 14—has had its challenges，too.“3.________When I tell them that I am a female bodybuilder，the first reaction is，‘Muscles of women are just not attractive，’”Campbell says.Though she loves the way she now looks，she is sometimes treated with cruelty. 4．________Even though there is a huge market encouraging women to build muscles and tighten their figures，the ideal still stands for smaller waists，and thin legs，the so­called perfect figure.For women to build up strong muscles，it takes a strong heart. “I gradually learn to ignore others' voices and become committed to the training.It is a very big shift for me，and it has won me plenty of awards.5.________My bodybuilding journey makes me realize that I need to do things for myself，”Campbell says. A．She was constantly feeling under pressure. B．Women have to pay a huge price to build a slim figure. C．It does bring a sense of confidence and mental strength. D．The body of super­muscular women is considered unwelcome. E．Luckily，Campbell was chosen to shoot for one of the magazines. F．People don't understand why women would want to be muscular. G．Purely by chance，Campbell attended a women's bodybuilding show. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。Rene Campbell女士将她生活的大部分时间都用于改变自己的身材。起初她也喜欢所谓的完美身材——细腰瘦腿，但后来才意识到，对女性而言，不必在意他人的言语，女性也可以拥有强健的肌肉。 1．解析：选A。根据空前内容可知，Rene Campbell在为自己的身材焦虑；根据空后内容可知，她因为努力让自己变瘦而患上了进食障碍。由此可知，空处应说明在社会意义上对女性身材的要求给Rene Campbell造成的负面影响。故A项承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析：选G。根据空后一句可知，就在那时，Rene Campbell被这些看似自信的女性保持自我的方式吸引。故该空会涉及在什么时候发生的这件事。G项“纯偶然的一次机会，Rene Campbell参加了一个女性健身节目”符合语境。 3．解析：选F。根据空后一句可知，Rene Campbell告诉他们自己是女性健美者时，他们的第一反应是女性的肌肉没有那么吸引人。F项“人们不理解为什么女性想要变得强壮”承接下文，符合语境。 4．解析：选D。根据空后内容可知，尽管有一个巨大的市场鼓励女性增肌塑形，但理想的身材意味着细腰瘦腿，即所谓的完美身材。女性要想锻炼出强健的肌肉，需要一颗坚强的心。由此说明，大众并不喜欢女性的肌肉身材。D项符合语境。 5．解析：选C。根据上文内容可知，Rene Campbell渐渐开始忽略别人的声音，致力于形体训练，这给她带来了很大的改变，也为她赢得了很多奖项；根据下文内容可知，健身之路让她意识到她该为自己做些什么。由此可推知，空处应说明健身为Rene Campbell带来的积极影响。故C项符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 China has scaled up policy to protect and restore the environment around the Yangtze River, putting 1.____________ place measures to treat industrial and agricultural pollutants and protect grasslands and wetlands. A policy document 2.____________ (joint) released by 17 central government departments promises to prioritize effort and adopt a 3.________ (comprehension) way of conserving the Yangtze River Basin area.The policy document follows a 10­year fishing ban in the Yangtze enacted by the government in 2020 in response to 4.____________ (decline) biodiversity. Despite the improvements to the Yangtze's water quality, the rise of non­point source pollution 5.____________ (emerge) as a major problem in recent years.The document stresses the need for a systemic approach, 6.____________ will require the establishment of long­term mechanisms to prevent the return of polluted water bodies. The treatment of pollution is another priority, as the government looks to install tighter controls over pollutants discharged by chemical factories and promote 7.____________ (high) efficiency in the use of fertilizers and pesticides. 8．____________ (restore) the diversity of aquatic life in the Yangtze, the document says that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make 9.____________ action plan to save them and that more work 10.____________ (do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国加大了保护和修复长江流域环境的政策力度，采取措施治理工农业污染物，保护草地和湿地。 1．解析：in。考查介词。句意：中国加大了保护和恢复长江周边环境的政策力度，采取了一系列措施来治理工农业污染物，保护草原和湿地。分析句子可知，空格处构成固定短语put sth in place ＝ put in place sth实施，实现；把……放到合适的位置，故填in。 2．解析：jointly。考查副词。句意：由17个中央政府部门联合发布的一份政策文件承诺会分清主次，全面、综合保护长江流域地区。分析句子可知，空格后released为非谓语动词作定语，应使用副词修饰released，故填jointly。 3．解析：comprehensive。考查形容词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处应使用形容词修饰名词way。comprehensive综合的，全面的，故填comprehensive。 4．解析：declining。考查形容词。句意：该政策文件遵循了政府在2020年颁布的10年长江捕鱼禁令，以应对生物多样性的下降。分析句子可知，空格处作定语修饰biodiversity，形容词declining意为“越来越少的、不断下降的”，此处用以表示不断下降的生物多样性，故填declining。 5．解析：has emerged。考查动词时态。句意：尽管长江水质有所改善，但近年来非点源污染的增加仍是一个主要问题。分析句子可知，空格处是谓语部分，根据时间状语in recent years应使用现在完成时，主语是the rise，是单数形式，故填has emerged。 6．解析：which。考查非限定性定语从句。句意：该文件强调，我们需要能建立长期机制来阻止长江水质重回被污染状态的一套系统方法。分析句子可知，空格处是非限定性定语从句引导词，先行词是a systemic approach，非限定性定语从句缺少主语，故填which。 7．解析：higher。考查形容词比较级。句意：污染治理是另一个优先事项，因为政府希望对化工厂排放的污染物进行更严格的控制，并提倡提高化肥和农药的使用效率。根据上文tighter，可知此处空格应填形容词比较级，故填higher。 8．解析：To restore。考查非谓语动词。句意：为了恢复长江水生生物的多样性，该文件显示，国家将建立一个濒危动物的监测系统，并制定拯救它们的行动计划；同时会做更多的工作来加强河流的连通性。分析句子可知，空格处应填不定式表示目的。“为了恢复长江水生生物多样性”，位于句首首字母大写，故填To restore。 9．解析：an。考查冠词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处缺少冠词泛指“一个行动计划”，action以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，构成固定短语make an action plan制定行动计划。故填an。 10．解析：will be done。考查动词时态和语态。句意同第8题。分析句子可知，“that more work 10.______ (do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers”为says的第二个宾语从句。work与do之间是被动关系，根据第一个宾语从句“that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make an action plan to save them”的时态，第二个宾语从句也应用将来时，此处应使用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be done。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 tough adj.艰苦的，艰难的　confirm v．确认，证明　relocate v．(使)搬迁，迁移　migration n．迁移，移居solar­powered adj.太阳能发电的 B篇 endangered adj.濒临灭绝的，(物种)有灭种危险的　survival n．生存；存活；幸存　conservation n．(对环境的)保护；保存　massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的　establish v．建立，设立，创立，确立　hatch v．孵出；破壳；筹划　breed v．交配繁殖 n．(动物)品种；种类 熟词 生义 A篇 map 常用义：n.地图→文章义：v.绘制……的地图 词缀 变形 B篇 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺 genetically adv.遗传学地；基因地→genetic adj.遗传的；基因的→gene n．基因 核心 短语 A篇 autonomous region自治区　adopt some high­tech methods 采用一些高科技手段 B篇 behind the scenes 在后台，在幕后；秘密地，背地里　made the announcement 宣布　build up 逐步建立；增进 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$