选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION(word教参)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版2019）

主题解读 　　科幻小说，直译应为科学虚构小说，是一种起源于近代西方的文学体裁。其定义为在尊重科学结论的基础上进行合理设想的小说。这类话题虽然在近几年没有直接考查，但也要引起我们的高度重视。 一、单元词汇裂变(同义＋反义＋派生＋联想＋语境) 阅读单词 1．bonus 　　　 n．意外收获；奖金；红利 2．leather n．皮革；[pl.­s]皮衣；皮外套 3．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价 4．alien n．外星人(生物)；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的 5．panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 6．overstatement n．夸大；夸张 7．lever n．操纵杆；杠杆(对比：level水平) 8．fiction n．小说；虚构的事 (同义：novel) 9．ladder n．梯子；阶梯(联想：lift/elevator电梯) 10．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)(联想：foot 英尺，mile英 里) 11．grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧(近义：grasp；clutch) 12．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的(近义：blurry；misty；dim；faint) 多义单词 1．nail 　 常见义：n.指甲；趾甲；钉子→生僻义：vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定(词 性活用) 2．pace 常见义：n.速度；步伐；节奏→生僻义：vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节 奏(词性活用) 3．labour 常见义：n.劳动(者)；体力劳动→生僻义：vi.奋斗；努力工作 4．suspend ①vt.悬；挂　②vt.暂停；暂缓　③vt.使暂时停学(或停职) 核心单词 1．earn a bigger salary　　　　　　 赚更高的薪水 2．spread a rumour 散布谣言 3．our superior technology 我们优越的技术 4．feel guilty 感到内疚 5．at a maximum speed 以最快速度 6．fetch the kids from school 去学校接孩子 7．superior quality coffee 优质咖啡 8．be appointed as sales manager 被任命为销售经理 9．pick one at random 随机挑选一个 10．have an appointment 有个约会 拓展单词 1．appoint vt.任命；委任→appointment n．约会；预约；委任→appointed adj.约定的 2．guilt n．内疚；有罪→guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 3．week n．星期→weekly adj.每周的 n．周刊 4．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的 5．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．公告；宣言 6．divide vt.分割；分配；除以→division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法) 7．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculation n．计算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculated adj.精心策划的；蓄意的 8．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破；大发(雷霆)→explosion n．爆炸；爆破(声)→explosive adj.易爆炸的 9．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的→urgency n．紧急；催促；紧急的事 10．blur v．(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊→blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的　　　 重点短语 1．test out　　　 　　 检验；测试 2．more like 更像是；更接近 3．on a…basis 根据；以……的方式(基准) 4．pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 5．superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹 6．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 7．conflict with 与……冲突或抵触 8．with wonder 惊奇地 9．fall away (逐渐)减少；消失 11．or rather 更准确地说，更确切地说 12．turn around 转身 12．or so 大约 13．have an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事(近义：have a strong desire to do sth) 14．turn out ①关掉；熄灭　②在场　③结果是　④制造 二、单元佳句过关(自我检测，遮挡背诵) 1.He seemed more like a human than a machine. (more...than...) 2.He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice，although his facial expression never changed.(人物外貌描写) 3.As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.(全部倒装) 4.It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.(强调句型) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．他看着不太像机器，而更像一个真人。 2．他高大英俊，头发光滑，声音浑厚，尽管他的面部表情没有任何变化。 3．她转过身来，格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。 4．今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始投入使用。 三、单元词汇融会贯通(背美文，记单词) 　　My niece，Jane，laboured to the maximum for 10 years in a shopping mall and finally she took up an appointment as chairwoman. She is respected by all the salesmen and saleswomen because she is full of integrity and dignity. She exactly calculates the staff's salaries and rewards the best ones with a bonus. Most of the staff are modest，whereas one salesman，Jack，declared that he could sell anything by absurd overstatements，such as science fiction，ladders，flour，leathers，levers of various panels，handkerchiefs，nails，lamps and even mud. In his view，he was superior to others，so he had an urge to take over the position of sales manager. It turned out that he often conflicted with others. Then came a rumour that all the staff would resign if Jack wasn't dismissed，which greatly stunned Jane and even made her explode with anger. Jane thought inaction was improper，so she urged Jack to weigh pros and cons．Otherwise，his job would be suspended. Jack felt so guilty about his ridiculous behavior. He promised to apologize to all the staff at the meeting held on a weekly basis to remove the division between him and his colleagues. He would share what he gripped from that day on. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 我的侄女简在一家购物中心里辛苦工作达到最多年限10年，最后她被任命为董事长。她受到所有男销售人员和女销售人员的尊重，因为她为人十分正直、庄重大方。她精确地计算员工工资，并用奖金奖励最优秀的员工。大多数员工都很谦逊，而一个叫杰克的推销员宣称，他可以通过荒谬的夸大来卖任何东西，比如科幻小说、梯子、面粉、皮衣、各种控制板的操纵杆、手帕、钉子、灯，甚至是泥。在他看来，他比别人优越，所以他迫切想接任销售经理的职位。事实证明，他经常与别人发生冲突。然后有传言说，如果杰克不被解雇，所有的员工都会辞职，这让简非常震惊，甚至让她大发雷霆。简认为不作为是不恰当的，所以她敦促杰克权衡利弊。否则，他将被停职。杰克对自己可笑的行为感到非常内疚。他承诺在每周举行一次的会议上向所有员工道歉，以消除他和同事之间的分歧。他会分享他从那天起所掌握的东西。 限时：15分钟　满分：100分　得分：________ Ⅰ.默写单词(每空1分，满分30分) 1．integrity 　 　 　 n．诚实正直；完整；完好 2．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严 3．salary n．薪水；薪金 4．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 5．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉 6．salesman n．售货员；推销员 7．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 8．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作 9．leather n．皮革；[pl.­s]皮衣；皮外套 10．backwards/backward adv.向后；倒着；往回 11．niece n．侄女；外甥女 12．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来 13．handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾 14．lamp n．灯；台灯 15．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏 16．random adj.随机的；不可思议的 17．maximum adj.最大极限的 n．最大量；最大限度 18．stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷 19．fiction n．小说；虚构的事 20．bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利 21．ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 22．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的 23．nail n．指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定 24．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 25．ladder n．梯子；阶梯 26．whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管 27．rumour n．谣言；传闻 28．presume vt.& vi.假定；假设 29．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价 30．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 Ⅱ.默写短语(每空3分，满分30分) 1．test out 　 　　 检验；测试 2．more like 更像是；更接近 3．with wonder 惊奇地 4．or rather 更准确地说，更确切地说 5．turn around 转身 6．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 7．conflict with 与……冲突或抵触 8．turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 9．fall away (逐渐)减少；消失 10．have an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事 Ⅲ.词形变化填空(每空2分，满分24分) 1． Yesterday the employer urged his employees to deal with the urgent matters by Friday. (urge) 2． The explosion was caused by a leaking gas pipe，which made the boss explode with anger. (explode) 3． I feel guilty about the silly mistake I made yesterday and no words can express my guilt. (guilt) 4．There is so much mud on the muddy road that you have to walk on it with caution.(mud) 6．Tom has been appointed as chairman of the Students' Association and I will write a letter to congratulate him on his appointment．(appoint) 6．You can use a calculator to calculate the average mark of the class and then your calculation(s) can be accurate.(calculate) 7．The candies were divided out among all the kids but they could not agree upon the division of them.(divide) 8．It's declared that both sides agree to a ceasefire.They must obey the declaration forever.(declare) Ⅳ.默写佳句(第1、2题每小题5分，第3题6分，满分16分) 温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写 1．他看着不太像机器，而更像一个真人。(more...than...) He seemed more like a human than a machine. 2．他高大英俊，头发光滑，声音浑厚，尽管他的面部表情没有任何变化。(人物外貌描写) He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice，although his facial expression never changed. 3．今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始投入使用。(强调句型) It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career. guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行 【练习】　写作迁移 (1)她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶，”内疚的泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。(独立主格结构) “But I have cheated my grandmother，” she said，tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks． (2)出于内疚，我向老师解释，并承诺这种事再也不会再发生了。 Out of guilt, I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again. (3)她感觉到我感到内疚和尴尬，于是她说这并不严重。 Sensing I was guilty and embarrassed, she said it was nothing serious. ·be guilty of犯有……罪 be/feel guilty for/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧 ·out of guilt出于愧疚 【积累】 ·with guilt and regret flowing in my mind 我满怀内疚和懊悔之情 ·A wave of guilt swept over me.一股内疚感席卷了我。 ·So guilty was he that he ultimately fell apart, tears of guilt clouding his eyes.(心理描写) 他如此内疚，最终崩溃了，内疚的泪水模糊了他的眼睛。 declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．公告；宣言 【练习】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)In September 1939，Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland. (2)All the residents declared for garbage­sorting in new efforts to better protect the environment. (3)在我们所有的事情都被检查过之后，让我们非常高兴的是，我们被宣布为获胜者。 After all our things were checked, to our great joy, we were declared (to be) the winners． declare sb/sth to be...宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against...声明赞成/反对…… declare war (on...)(向……)宣战 declare...open/closed宣布……开始/结束 【积累】 The instant the ceremony was declared open，all the students in our school burst into cheers.(告知信，2020·天津7月卷) 仪式一宣布开始，我校全体学生就欢呼起来。 pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏；来回踱步；走来走去 【练习】　写作迁移 (1)只有通过这种方式，他们才能跟上高速发展的现代社会的脚步。 Only in this way can they keep pace with the fast­developing modern world. (2)她把钱小心地装在手提包里，加快了步伐。 With the money carefully packed in her handbag, she quickened/picked up her pace． (3)为了发展经济，温室气体的排放量继续以惊人的速度增长。 In order to develop economy, emissions of greenhouse gases continue to grow at an amazing pace． at a(n)...pace 以……的速度 keep pace with sb/sth与某人/某物并驾齐驱 keep up with one's pace跟上某人的步伐 【积累】 ·pace up and down 来回踱步 ·To keep up with his pace，I completely gave up my idle ways and devoted myself to the project.(2022·浙江1月卷) 为了跟上他的步伐，我彻底放弃了懒散的状态，全身心投入到项目中。 urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；紧 迫的；催促的；急切的 【练习】　写作迁移 (1)我们写信呼吁大家都参加这项活动，其目的是敦促我们积极参加体育锻炼。(倡议书) We are writing to call on everyone to participate in the activity, whose aim is to urge us to take an active part in physical exercise． (2)公众强烈要求政府采取措施来防止此类案件的再次发生。 The public urged that the government (should) take measures to prevent such cases from happening again． ·have/feel an urge to do sth有强烈的欲望做某事 ·urge sb to do sth催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事 【积累】 ·urge the children to participate in outdoor activities督促孩子们参加户外活动 ·I feel an urge to express my different voice，hoping that this wouldn't offend you．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) 我很想表达一种不同的看法，希望这不会冒犯你。 句型公式：more...than...与其说……倒不如说…… (教材原句)He seemed more like a human than a machine. 他看着不太像机器，而更像一个真人。 【练习】　语境辨义/写作迁移 (1)The chairwoman is more than our leader；she is also our friend.不仅仅是 (2)凯在脸书上分享了这篇报道，它获得了超过14 000个赞，甚至还有更多的评论。 Kay shared the report on Facebook where it gained more than 14，000 likes and even more comments． (3)听说你渴望在中国的大学学习，我非常高兴给你一些建议。(建议信) Hearing that you are eager to study in Chinese universities, I am more than delighted to offer you some advice． ·more than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over。 ·more than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅……”，相当于not only。 ·more than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very。 【积累】 I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me，saying that I was more diligent than clever. 我的英语进步如此之大，以至于我的老师表扬了我，说我与其说是聪明倒不如说是勤奋。 句型公式：全部倒装 (教材原句)As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern. 她转过身来，格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。 【练习】　写作迁移 (1)正站在教室外的是一位男孩，他低着头，静静地哭着。 Standing outside the classroom is a boy，lowering his head and crying silently. (2)农场前流过一条小河，这条小河给周围的风景增添了更多的美。 In front of the farm flows a small river，which adds more beauty to the surrounding scenery. (3)然后是一场以通用语言——音乐的基础知识为中心的讲座。 Then came a lecture centered on basic knowledge of the universal language—music. (4)以下是如何平衡兼职工作和学习的三条建议。 Here are three suggestions on how to keep a balance between a part­time job and study.(建议信) 全部倒装的两种情况： ·out，in，into，down，up，away，here，there，now，then等表示方位和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子要全部倒装。 ·当介词短语、形容词、分词位于句首时，句子要全部倒装。 【积累】 The class was over；out rushed the students like arrows.(动作描写) 下课了；学生们像箭一样冲了出去。 题组一　单句语法填空 1．Bob felt guilty (guilt) that he had not made an attempt to save her. 2．Urged (urge) to join sports teams，the boy took advantage of the chance and became a player. 3．To my great sorrow，my girlfriend didn't turn up at the appointed (appoint) time. 4．They recite Tang poems on a regular basis and thus，they are good at Chinese. 5．This country declared war on four countries at the same time because of complicated political contradictions. 6．He performed perfectly in the speech contest and an explosion (explode) of applause came out of the audience. 7．Of the two formats，I think this one is superior to the other one. 8．The boy shows no sympathy for other students and often conflicts with them. 9．As a science student，I never felt an urge to appreciate (appreciate) any literary works. 10．He picked up a handkerchief at random and handed it to this innocent girl to wipe her tears. 11．My cousin took over as general manager of the company two weeks ago. 12．With so many difficult math problems to handle，I must turn to my teacher for help. 题组二　多义词汇辨析 1．根据语境选出dismiss的词性及含义 ①The class was dismissed early today.__B__ ②He was dismissed from his job for inaction and incompetence.__C__ ③I gently patted him on the shoulder to dismiss his fears from his mind.__A__ 2．根据语境选出turn out的汉语意思 ①As it turned out，Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.(2023·全国乙卷)__C__ ②Keep in mind that you must turn out the lamp in your room when you leave.__D__ ③The boss declared that all the staff must turn out for the meeting.__A__ ④The factory is expected to turn out twice as many TV sets this year as last year.__B__ 3．猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①His son lied to him by design and he exploded with anger.vi.& vt.大发(雷霆) ②She calculated that going to a stranger's house was a risky move, but she decided to take the chance.vt.认为 ③The student was suspended because he was involved in a fight.v.使暂时停学 (一)应用文写作 [建议信——参加中国戏剧知识竞赛] 假设你是李华，你英国笔友Tom写信告诉你， 他要参加中国戏剧知识竞赛。请你给他提出相关建议。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①得知你有强烈的欲望参加中国戏剧知识竞赛，我非常高兴。 I'm more than glad to learn that you have an urge to take part in the Chinese Drama Knowledge Competition. ②这是我的关于如何为之准备的建议。(全部倒装) Here are my tips on how to prepare for it. ③提前多了解一些中国现代戏剧(证明)是非常有益的。(动名词短语作主语) Learning more about modern Chinese drama in advance turns out to be quite beneficial. ④你对戏剧的深刻理解取决于你是否经常和其他参与者交换想法。 Your deep understanding of the drama depends on/upon whether you exchange (your) ideas with other participants on a regular basis. ⑤如果你感觉你是戏剧中的人物，你会发现记住戏剧知识很容易。 If you feel like you are the characters in the drama，you will find it easy to memorize the drama knowledge. 2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 I'm more than glad to learn that you have an urge to take part in the Chinese Drama Knowledge Competition.Here are my tips on how to prepare for it. First of all，learning more about modern Chinese drama in advance turns out to be quite beneficial.Secondly，your deep understanding of the drama depends on/upon whether you exchange (your) ideas with other participants on a regular basis.Finally，if you feel like you are the characters in the drama，you will find it easy to memorize the drama knowledge. (二)读后续写 [动作与神情描写4——各种“笑”] 词块 ①a big/broad/wide/bright smile 灿烂的微笑②smile and wink 笑着眨眼 ③a smiling face 笑脸④force/manage a smile 强作欢颜 ⑤flash a bright smile 露出灿烂的微笑⑥with a laugh 笑了一声 ⑦burst into laughter 大笑⑧beam with smiles 笑逐颜开 ⑨explode with laughter 哄堂大笑⑩scream/roar with laughter 放声大笑 ⑪laugh from ear to ear 笑得合不拢嘴 续写场景训练——詹妮向母亲炫耀她的新画 1．15岁的詹妮嘴角挂着灿烂的笑容，跑到妈妈屋里炫耀她的新画。 With a broad/wide/bright smile on her lips, 15­year­old Jenny rushed to her mom's room to show off her new painting.(介词短语) 2．她妈妈停下来转过脸朝她微笑。 Her mother stopped to turn a smiling face to her．(分词作定语) 3．美丽的画让她妈妈激动不已，笑容满面。 Her mother was thrilled at the beautiful painting, a broad smile spreading across/crossing her face．(独立主格) 4．她笑着朝詹妮眨了眨眼：“詹妮，你画得真好，我相信你会成为一个著名的画家。我真为你骄傲。” She smiled and winked at Jenny，“Jenny, you paint really well.I'm sure you will be a famous painter one day.I'm so proud of you.”(简单句) 5．当詹妮想象着自己成为画家时，她的脸上容光焕发，嘴角露出微笑。 When she pictured herself becoming a painter, her face lit up and lips curved in a smile．(简单句) 6．她带着灿烂的笑容，满怀期待地奔进自己的卧室。 Smiling widely, she hurried to her bedroom with great expectations.(分词作状语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$