19.Unit 5 Developing ideas-上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂(外研版2019选择性必修第一册)

Unit 5 Revealing nature Developing ideas 一、单词拼写 1．The r of a plant are the parts of it that grow under the ground. 2．Soon after the press conference, some political activists who were arrested in recent days were r . 3．The purpose of the HUNCH programme is to l space technology with school education. 4．Phones and blood pressure are closely l . 5．Money, or love of money, is said to be the r of all evil. 6．The new bridge will l the island to the mainland. 7．The Red Cross was founded to create a l between soldiers in battle and their families at home. 8．Many forms of cancer can be cured if d early. 9．Moreover, Snow was later able to show a 1 between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. 10．This ruler have one scale in c and another in inch. 11．Most serious illnesses are completely curable if d in the early stages. 12．You would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because his whole life is r in this device. 13．A c can be infinitely divided into smaller units. 14．How can Foley’s wristwatch d signs of an irregular heartbeat? 15．Every river that joined the great river carried its l , every hill was heavy with the past. 16．The new test machine should enable doctors to d the disease early. 17．The concepts of freedom, equality and democracy have been deeply r in the minds of people since the end of WWII. 18．If a water pipe starts leaking, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will d it and provide you with the relevant information. 19．The g panda has becone an endangered species. 20．If someone is out of s you can suggest that they get some exercise. 21．When computers are networked, they are l together so that information can be transferred between them. 二、完成句子 22． (我们一直认为) that talking plants are fantasy，new research has revealed something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all. （with复合结构） 23．Scientists are learning more every day about (植物相互交流的秘密方式). （the way＋定语从句） 24．Travelling can broaden our horizons（眼界）and （增加我们的生活阅历）. 25． (人们已经知道……有一段时间了) plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. （it作形式主语） 26．Four （加4）is eight. 27．The president agreed, (补充说) he hoped for a peaceful solution. 28．Alexander the Great and Marco Polo (据说见过) such a tree in India.（sb/sth be said to do...“据说……”） 29．Proof is shown that there is (关系) smoking cigarette and lung cancer. ） 三、阅读理解 1 “Best space tacos (玉米卷饼) yet,” American astronaut Megan McArthur wrote on social media Twitter on Oct 30, with a photo of her smiling from ear to ear. The taco feast celebrated the first time peppers were successfully grown on the International Space Station. “Growing colorful vegetables in space can have long-term benefits for physical and psychological health,” said Matt Romeyn, project scientist at NASA, in a statement. The benefits of growing vegetables in space are obvious, but how are they grown? Though astronauts have been growing plants in space for decades, cultivating edible (可食用的) food without the benefits of gravity and natural light has been difficult. A plant growth system called. Veggie has been used to grow plants on the space station since 2014, according to The New York Times. The Veggie garden is about the size of a piece of luggage and typically holds six plants. Each plant grows in a “pillow” filled with clay and fertilizer. The “pillows” are important for distributing water, nutrients and air in a healthy balance around the roots. Otherwise, the roots would either drown in water or be swallowed by air because liquids in space tend to form bubbles (气泡), according to NASA． In the absence of gravity, plants use other environmental factors, such as light, to guide growth, LEDs above the plants produce a light suited for the plants’ growth. According to NASA, Veggie typically glows (发光) pink, which enables plants to use both blue and red wavelengths more efficiently. Other spectrums of light, like greens, yellows or oranges, are less useful for plants. So far, US astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops, including lettuce and radish, on the space station since 2015, according to CNN. Why pick peppers? According to CNN, peppers were chosen for multiple reasons. Peppers provide a great source of vitamin C, as well as other key nutrients. Pepper plants self-pollinate (自授花粉的), so they are easy to grow. And they are a pick and eat crop that doesn’t have to be cooked. They also contain low microbial levels, so they are safe to eat raw. 30．What’s the Matt’s attitude to planting in space according to paragraph 2? A．Indifferent. B．Cautious. C．Favorable. D．Ambiguous. 31．What can we learn about Veggie in the text? A．It has been used for planting in space over one decade. B．It helps to form more bubbles for the plants’ roots. C．It absorbs the harmful light for the plants’ growth. D．It provides an adjustable plant growth system. 32．Why were peppers picked to be grown on the space station? A．They contain key nutrients for astronauts. B．They have been grown in space for a long time. C．They meet all requirements for planting in space. D．They are the safest ingredients for space tacos. 33．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Food. B．Science. C．Health. D．Entertainment. 2 A new study from North Carolina State University found that biology textbooks have done a poor job of including material related to climate change. For example, the study found that most biology textbooks published in the 2010s included less information about climate change than they did in the previous decade--despite significant advances in our understanding of how climate change is influencing ecosystems and the environment. “In short, we found biology textbooks are failing to share enough information about climate change, which is a generation-defining topic in the life sciences,” says Jennifer Landin, author of the study. “These books are the baseline texts for helping students understand the science of life on Earth, yet they are providing very little information about a phenomenon that is having a great impact on habitats, ecosystems, agriculture--almost every aspect (方面) of life on Earth,” For the study, researchers investigated coverage of climate change in 57 college biology textbooks published between 1970 and 2019. The researchers found climate coverage has varied greatly over those five decades and that the amount of climate coverage in textbooks fell off in the 2010s. In addition to length, the nature of the content has also changed greatly over time. “One of the most troubling findings was that textbooks are devoting less space to addressing climate solutions now than they did in the 1990s--even as they focus more on the effects of climate change,” Landin says. “That suggests to students that nothing can be done,which is both wildly misleading and contributes to a sense of fatalism (宿命论) regarding cli-mate change.” “We are hoping that this study will serve as a wake-up call for publishers and instructors. We need to do a much better job of putting climate change into our courses if we want to pre-pare students to understand the role that climate change is playing in shaping life on Earth and how we study it,” Landin says. 34．What is the example in paragraph 1 used to do? A．Prove biology textbooks’ poor performance. B．Show the dissatisfaction with climate change. C．Attract the attention of students studying biology. D．Show the content of textbooks published in the 2010s. 35．What is the problem of biology textbooks according to Landin? A．No enough material about climate change. B．Providing little new information about biology. C．Not covering every aspect of life on Earth. D．No generation-defining topics in the textbooks. 36．How did the researchers conduct the study? A．By tracking textbook publishers. B．By doing surveys of students in colleges. C．By observing climate change for 50 years. D．By investigating college biology textbooks. 37．What does Landin expect the study to function as? A．A wake up call for biology science. B．A warning to take biology seriously. C．A direction of studying climate change. D．An alarm bell for publishers and teachers. 四、语法填空 1 38 has been believed for a long time that talking plants are fantasy. But new research has revealed that they really can communicate with each other. Some plants are believed to communicate with each other through chemicals. When 39 (attack) by insects, they release tiny amounts of chemicals. This is 40 a warning or a call for help. When other plants detect 41 warnings, they release their own chemicals to drive insects away. Some of the chemicals also attract wasps to kill these insects. More 42 (surprising), plants also use sound 43 (communicate) with each other though people can’t hear the sound. Some plants make noises with their roots. Some plants “listen” to tell if their neighbouring plants are 44 (help) or unfriendly. Some plants make clicking noises, 45 (indicate) that drought is coming. Most surprisingly of all, plants can form the “wood wide web” to share information or even food with each other. 46 (scientist) will learn more about the way in 47 plants communicate with each other. 2 A black hole is a spot in space that has 48 (power) gravity. Its gravity is so strong that it pulls everything nearby into it, stars, planets and other things. Black holes form when a star dies. When that happens, a huge amount of matter crowds into a very small space, which 49 (become) very dense. Black holes 50 (talk) about in 1783 first. That year, one scientist said that in the universe, there might be places with strong gravity to trap light, although he didn’t use the term “black hole”. 参考答案 一、 1．roots/oots 【解析】考查名词。句意：植物的根是生长在地下的部分。根据句意和首字母可知，此处表示“根”，应用名词root，作主语，由are可知，应用复数，故填roots。 2．released/eleased 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：新闻发布会后不久，一些最近几天被捕的政治活动人士被释放。根据时间状语Soon after the press conference，主句的谓语动词应用一般过去时态。根据句意和首字母，设空处为谓语动词，应用及物动词release，意为“释放”，release与逻辑主语some political activists之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，设空处应用过去分词。故填released。 3．link/ink 【解析】考查动词。句意：HUNCH计划的目的是将太空技术与学校教育联系起来。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词link“把……联系起来”，该空用动词原形和前面的to构成不定式，作表语。故填link。 4．linked/inked 【解析】考查形容词。句意：手机和血压密切相关。用形容词形式在句中作表语。根据首字母提示及句意，故填linked。 5．root/oot 【解析】考查名词。句意：金钱，或对金钱的热爱，被认为是万恶之源。根据单词首字母以及句意“万恶之源”可知，空格处涉及单词“root”，意为“根源”，根据空格前定冠词“the”可知，空格处应用“root”的单数形式，表特指，作表语。故填root。 6．link/ink 【解析】考查动词。句意：这座新桥将把该岛与大陆连接起来。根据句意和首字母提示可知，此处使用动词link“连接”，作谓语，will后接动词原形。故填link。 7．link/ink 【解析】考查名词。句意：红十字会被创立来为前线士兵与其家乡的亲人之间提供联系。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应填link“联系”，作宾语，由不定冠词修饰用单数，故填link。 8．detected/etected 【解析】考查动词。句意：如果及早发现，许多癌症都可以治愈。结合句意及首字母提示可知，detect发现，查明，动词，此处是状语从句的省略，if引导的状语从句主语是cancer，和动词detect之间是被动关系，故完整形式是if it is detected early，状语从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可以省略，故填detected。 9．link/ink 【解析】考查名词。句意：此外，斯诺后来还证明了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作show的宾语，根据句意和提示的首字母，此处应为link意为“联系”，且空前有不定冠词a，所以为名词单数。故填link。 10．centimetre/centimeter 【解析】考查名词。句意：这把尺子的刻度是厘米，另一个是英寸。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处应填centimetre，表示“厘米”，in centimetre/centimeter固定搭配，意为“以厘米为单位”。故填centimetre/centimeter。 11．detected/etected 【解析】考查动词。句意：大多数严重的疾病，如果在早期发现，是完全可以治愈的。根据句意和首字母可知，此处表示“发现”，应用动词detect，此处是if引导的状语从句的省略，主语Most serious illnesses和动词detect是被动关系，由主句are可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，即if they are detected in the early stages，当主句和从句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词，故填detected。 12．rooted/ooted 【解析】考查形容词。句意：你得像手术一样把手机从一个青少年身上取出来，因为他的一生都离不开这个设备。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填形容词rooted，作表语。故填rooted。 13．centimetre/entimetre 【解析】考查名词。句意：一厘米可以无限地分成更小的单位。根据首字母提示及句意可知，此处使用名词centimetre，不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填centimetre。 14．detect/etect 【解析】考查动词。句意：Foley的手表是如何检测到不规则心跳的迹象的？根据句意“检测”和首字母可知，此处为动词detect，位于情态动词can后面使用动词原形。故填detect。 15．legends/egends 【解析】考查名词。句意：每条汇入大河的河流都承载着它的传说，每一座山丘都承载着过去。its是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，结合句意和首字母可知填legend，legend是可数名词，此处并未说明是某一种传说，故用复数。故填legends。 16．detect/etect 【解析】考查动词。句意：新的测试机器应该能使医生及早发现疾病。 根据句意及首字母提示此空格处缺少动词detect“检测；发现”，enable sb.to do sth.意为“确保某人做某事”，在句子中构成to do不定式做宾语补足语，故填detect。 17．rooted/ooted 【解析】考查语态。句意：自二战结束以来，自由、平等和民主的概念在人们的脑海中已经根深蒂固。根据句意和首字母可知，本句为为短语be rooted in“根植于”，且本句为现在完成时的被动语态。故填rooted。 18．detect/etect 【解析】考查动词。句意：如果水管开始漏水，或者电线短路，你的智能家居就会发现，并为你提供相关信息。will后用动词原形，根据句意和首字母提示可知，是动词detect，意为“发现”。故填detect。 19．giant/iant 【解析】考查形容词。句意：大熊猫成了濒危物种。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词giant，修饰名词panda，giant panda“大熊猫”。故填giant。 20．shape/hape 【解析】考查名词。句意：如果有人身材走样，你可以建议他们做一些锻炼。由后文的“you can suggest that they get some exercise”可知，句子表示“如果有人身材走样，你可以建议他们做一些锻炼”，由首字母提示s可知，“身材走样”是固定短语out of shape，故填shape。 21．linked/inked 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：当计算机联网时，它们被连接在一起，以便信息可以在它们之间传递。根据句意“连接”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词link，they和link为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词are，空处需填过去分词形式。故填linked。 二、 22．With us long believing 【解析】考查with的复合结构。句意：长期以来，我们一直认为会说话的植物是幻想，但新的研究揭示了一些惊人的事情:植物似乎终究是可以交流的。表示“我们一直认为”使用with的复合结构即with us long believing，此处us与believe之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作宾补结构。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故答案为With us long believing。 23．the secret ways in which plants talk to each other 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们每天都在了解更多关于植物相互交流的秘密方式。表示“秘密方式”短语为the secret ways；引导定语从句修饰先行词ways，作状语应用in which；表示“植物相互交流”翻译为plants talk to each other，陈述事实用一般现在时。故填the secret ways in which plants talk to each other。 24．add to our life experience 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：旅行可以开阔我们的视野，增加我们的生活经验。分析句子结构可知以及所给提示词，空处的“增加”为谓语，和前句的broaden并列，也用动词原形，译为add to，“我们的生活阅历”应译为our life experience。故填add to our life experience。 25．It has been known for some time that 【解析】考查固定句型和动词。句意：一段时间以来，人们已经知道植物利用化学物质相互交流。分析句子，句子表述动作发生在过去持续到现在，故使用现在完成时。表示“有一段时间”用for some time。表示“人们已经知道”使用it has been known that，该结构中，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句作真正的主语，其与know之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动语态。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故答案为It has been known for some time that。 26．added to four 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：四加四等于八。数字上的“加”可用动词短语add to 表示；本句已有系动词is，动词add 要用非谓语；主语Four 与add之间为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动态；表示数字“4”用 four。故填added to four。 27．adding that 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：总统表示同意，并补充说他希望和平解决。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用add that，add与主语president是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动，作伴随状语。故填adding that。 28．were said to have visited 【解析】考查时态和不定式完成式。句意：据说亚历山大大帝和马可波罗曾在印度拜访过这样一棵树。sb./sth. be said to do sth. (某人/物据说做某事)，事情已发生，时态用一般过去时，主语Alexander the Great and Marco Polo复数，谓语复数形式，非谓语动词visit (参观)动作发生在“were said”动作之前，visit用不定式完成式 。故填were said to have visited。 29． a link between 【解析】考查名词。句意：有证据表明吸烟和肺癌有联系。分析句子可知，汉语提示“关系”是there be句型中主语，用可数名词link表示，根据系动词is可知，主语为单数名词，所以link前应用不定冠词a修饰；between...and...为固定搭配，表示“在......与......之间”。故填①a；②link；③between。 三、 1 30．C 31．D 32．C 33．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在太空中种植食物对于长期执行任务的宇航员来说是至关重要的，美国成功地在太空中种植了蔬菜。 30．推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句话“‘rowing colorful vegetables in space can have long— term benefits for physical and psychological health,’said Matt Romeyn, project scientist at NASA, in a statement.（“在太空中种植五颜六色的蔬菜可以对身心健康产生长期的好处，”美国宇航员项目科专家Matt Romeyn在一份声明中说。）”可知，在Matt看来，太空种植对身心健康是有长期好处的。A. Indifferent漠不关心的；B. Cautious小心的；C. Favorable支持的；D. Ambiguous模棱两可的。故选C项。 31．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句话和第三句话“Each plant grows in a “pillow” filled with clay and fertilizer. The “pillows” are important for distributing water, nutrients and air in a healthy balance around the roots.（每棵植物都生长在一个装满黏土和肥料的“枕头”里。“枕头”对于将水、营养和空气以及健康的平衡分布在根部很重要）”可知，这些枕头可以为植物提供平衡的水分、营养和空气。故选D项。 32．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句话“According to CNN, peppers were chosen for multiple reasons.（根据CNN报道，选择辣椒有多种原因。）”第三句话“Pepper plants self – pollinate (自授花粉的), so they are easy to grow.（辣椒植物自授花粉，因此它们很容易生长。）”可知，辣椒的生长环境要求不高，很容易生长。选项C“它们满足在太空中种植的所有要求”符合题意。故选C项。 33．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了在太空中种植食物对于长期执行任务的宇航员来说是至关重要的，美国成功地在太空中种植了蔬菜。A. Food食物；B. Science科学；C. Health健康；D. Entertainment娱乐。故选B项。 2 34．A 35．A 36．D 37．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是北卡罗来纳州立大学的一项新研究发现，生物教科书在包括与气候变化有关的材料方面做得很差。 34．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new study from North Carolina State University found that biology textbooks have done a poor job of including material related to climate change.(北卡罗来纳州立大学的一项新研究发现，生物教科书在包括与气候变化有关的材料方面做得很差。)”研究发现，生物教科书在纳入气候变化相关材料方面做得很差，所以，下文中举例是为了论证这一观点。故选A项。 35．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““In short, we found biology textbooks are failing to share enough information about cli-mate change, which is a generation- defining topic in the life sciences,” says Jennifer Landin, author of the study.(“简而言之，我们发现生物教科书没有分享足够的关于气候变化的信息，这是生命科学中定义一代人的话题，”该研究的作者珍妮弗·兰丁说。)”可知，在研究中发现，在生物教科书中关于气候变化没有足够的资料。故选A项。 36．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For the study, researchers investigated coverage of climate change in 57 college biology textbooks published between 1970 and 2019.(在这项研究中，研究人员调查了1970年至2019年出版的57本大学生物教科书中气候变化的内容。)”可知，研究人员是通过研究1970到2019年出版的57本大学生物书中关于气候变化的内容作出的结论。故选D项。 37．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“We are hoping that this study will serve as a wake-up call for publishers and instructors.(我们希望这项研究能为出版商和教师敲响警钟。)”可知，Landin希望这项研究成为出版商和指导者敲响警钟。故选D项。 四、 1 38．It 39．attacked 40．like 41．the 42．surprisingly 43．to communicate 44．helpful 45．indicating 46．Scientists 47．which 【解析】本文为一篇说明文。植物可以通过化学物质和声音相互沟通，甚至形成“木质网络”分享信息和食物。科学家将进一步研究植物之间的沟通方式。 38．考查形式主语。句意：很长一段时间以来，人们一直认为会说话的植物是幻想出来的。此处考查句型It has been believed that，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。设空处在句首，it的首字母要大写。故填It。 39．考查过去分词。句意：当被昆虫攻击时，它们会释放出少量的化学物质。attack在When引导的时间状语从句中，与逻辑主语they之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填attacked。 40．考查介词。句意：这就像是一个警告或者求救信号。设空处应用介词like，意为“像”，介词短语作表语。故填like。 41．考查冠词。句意：当其他植物检测到这些警告时，它们会释放自己的化学物质来赶走昆虫。此处warnings指的是之前提到的植物释放的化学物质，用来驱赶昆虫。这些化学物质是特定的、已知的，应用定冠词the修饰名词warnings。故填the。 42．考查副词。句意：更令人惊讶的是，植物也用声音来相互交流，尽管人们听不到声音。修饰句子，用副词，设空处应用副词surprisingly，意为“出人意料地，令人惊讶的”，作状语。故填surprisingly。 43．考查动词不定式。句意：更令人惊讶的是，植物也用声音来相互交流，尽管人们听不到声音。此处考查动词短语use sth to do sth，动词不定式作目的状语，故填to communicate。 44．考查形容词。句意：有些植物通过“倾听”来判断邻近的植物是有益的还是有害的。设空处在are之后，与unfriendly并列，应用形容词helpful，作表语。故填helpful。 45．考查现在分词。句意：一些植物发出咔嗒声，表明干旱即将来临。句子的谓语为make，设空处为非谓语动词，indicate意为“表明，标示”，其逻辑主语为逗号前的句子Some plants make clicking noises，之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填indicating。 46．考查名词复数。句意：科学家们将更多地了解植物之间的交流方式。设空处作主语，应用名词scientist的复数形式，且设空处在句首，单词的首字母大写。故填Scientists。 47．考查定语从句。句意：科学家们将更多地了解植物之间的交流方式。此处考查限制性定语从句，先行词为the way，在从句中作状语，根据空前的in，此处为“in+关系代词”引导从句，关系代词为which，故填which。 2 48．powerful 49．becomes 50．were talked 【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了黑洞的性质，形成，名字的由来。 48．考查形容词。句意：黑洞是空间中具有强大引力的点。空后为名词，所以空处应为形容词作定语修饰名词。故填powerful。 49．考查时态。句意：当这种情况发生时，大量的物质挤进一个非常小的空间，这个空间变得非常致密。分析句子成分可知，照应本句其他谓语动词的时态，所以become也应一般现在时；而且在which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“a small space”，为单数，所以定语从句的谓语动词也应单数。故填becomes。 50．考查时态语态。句意：黑洞最早在1783年被讨论。本句时间状语为1783，所以谓语动词应用一般过去时。且主语为“black holes”，所以谓语应用复数，且应用被动。所以谓语动词应用一般过去时的被动语态，且复数。故填were talked。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Unit 5 Revealing nature Developing ideas 外研版2019选择性必修第一册 1.decline v.下降;减少;变弱;拒绝 n.衰退;减少 Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. 在过去的几十年里,栖息地的丧失、杀虫剂的使用和气候变化导致传粉昆虫数量急剧下降,损害了美国的农业经济。 She declined to take part in an important party. 她拒绝参加一个重要的派对。 【知识拓展】 (1)decline by　　　 减少了 decline to 减少到 decline from...to... 从……减少到…… decline doing/to do sth. 拒绝做某事 (2)on the decline 在消减;在衰退 in decline 在衰退 fall into a decline 失去力量/影响 【知识微练】单句语法填空 ①Population growth is declining ____1.4% each year. ②This species of bird is ____the decline in numbers every year. ③Industry in Britain has been ____decline since the 1970s. ④Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to fall _____a decline. by on in into 2.blame v.责怪,指责;把……归咎于 n.责备;过失 It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada. 让尼克·伯奇尔在加拿大维多利亚州费尔蒙特皇后酒店被列入黑名单的原因,至少应该有一部分归咎于海边的鸟类。 【知识拓展】 (1)be blamed on　　　 被归咎于…… blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame(for) (应为……)受责备/负责 blame sb.for sth. 为某事责备某人 (2)put the blame on/upon 把责任推到…… take/bear the blame 承担责任 (3)blameless adj.无可责难的;无过失的 【知识微练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①A dropped cigarette is being blamed _____the fire. ②The naughty boy was _________(blame) for breaking the window.  ③Police are blaming the accident ____dangerous driving. ④Find ways of dealing with the irresponsibility or inability of your co-worker rather than simply ________________.   找到处理同事不负责任或无能的方法,而不是简单地责备对方。 for to blame on blame the person 3.With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中,但新的研究揭示了一些令人惊奇的事情:植物间似乎确实可以交流。  [句式解构] 　　本句为主从复合句。句中With us long believing that是with引导的复合结构作状语,第一个that引导的是宾语从句,第二个that 引导的是主语从句,it 是形式主语。 On Christmas Eve, a poor girl with her feet bare was wandering in the street.The snowflakes fell on her and she sat down with the matches put on her lap. She lit a match then she saw a beautiful Christmas tree with many gifts hanging on it. Suddenly, a kind grandmother appeared. She flew with the little girl in her arms to a place where there was no cold, hunger and pain. 圣诞前夕,一个可怜的小女孩光着脚在街上徘徊。雪花落在她身上,她坐了下来,将火柴放在腿上。她点燃了一根火柴,然后看到了一棵漂亮的圣诞树,上面挂着许多礼物。突然,一位慈祥的老奶奶出现了,将小姑娘抱起,一起飞到了一个既没有寒冷,也没有饥饿和痛苦的地方。 With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. 我们在位于关键位置的五家租赁店存放了2 500多辆自行车,确保始终有一辆自行车可供您使用。 【要点提示】with复合结构 with+宾语+宾语补足语 该结构在句中主要表示时间、原因、方式等。 【知识微练】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①With gas prices _______(rise)and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? ②(2023•新高考Ⅰ卷)What does the author suggest readers do with the practices ________ (offer)in part two? ③With much work ______(do), he has no time to rest.  ④__________________________, I thanked him again.   眼含激动的泪水,我再次感激他。 ⑤__________________________________, people will hold all varieties of activities.  随着春节的临近,人们将举办丰富多彩的活动。 rising offered to do With excited tears in my eyes With the Spring Festival drawing near 4.root n.根;根源;根本 v.生根;扎根 My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me. 我的完美主义倾向是造成这种情况的主要根源:无论我做什么,我都想做到完美,这在生活中显然是不可能的,但它消耗了我。 Frozen with fear,he stood rooted to the spot,various terrible thoughts flooding in. 吓得僵住了,他站在那里一动不动,各种可怕的想法向他涌来。 【知识拓展】 (1)at (the) root(s)　 本质上;从根本上 by the root(s) 根本上;从根部;连根 root and branch 全部地;彻底地 get to the root of 追究……的真相 (2)be rooted in 扎根于 root out 拔除 root up 杜绝;根除 【知识微练】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is amazing to see the machine pull a tall tree up ____the roots. ②If you want to have a great achievement, first you should have a strong motivation to be rooted ____your heart. ③We must ________________this problem.  我们必须找到这个问题的根源。 by in get to the root of 5.link v.把……联系起来;连接 n.联系,连接,环 It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature. 它可以给人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点,并有助于将家与自然联系起来。 Those rooms are equipped with modern electronic facilities, all of which are linked to the Internet. 那些房间配备了现代化的电子设施,所有这些设施都与互联网相连。 【知识拓展】 (1)link A with/to B　 把A与B联系在一起 be linked to/with 和……有联系 link up 连接;联系 link up with sth. 和……连接起来 (2)a link between A and B A与B之间的联系 【知识微练】单句语法填空 ①I didn’t turn away from mine entirely, but instead linked it ________the Internet. ②Pleasure and happiness are ideas linked ________gardens. ③The two spacecraft will link up ______each other in orbit. to/with to/with with 6.It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. 人们早已知晓植物之间使用化学物质进行交流。 [句式解构] 　　本句为主从复合句。句中It为形式主语;that引导的是主语从句。 It is said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show, and some of them are made by famous artists. 据说,全中国的专家们创作的大量的剪纸作品将被展出,并且其中一些是由著名的艺术家创作的。 【知识微练】 完成句子 ①_________________greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.  据报道,温室气体是导致全球变暖的主要原因。 ②___________________________the full moon brings fair weather.  皓月兆天晴,这是常识。 ③_______________you missed the football match.  很遗憾你错过了足球比赛。 It is reported that It is common knowledge that It is a pity that 附1： 1.写作指导 (1)题型特点 观察日志是生活中常用的一种文体,是人们将观察到的现象及时用日记的形式记录下来。主要用来描述植物的生长过程、事物的发展变化等。 (2)考试要求 考试时,通常考查的是记录植物的生长过程。主要是按照时间顺序,描写植物前段生长周期所见或所做,中段生长周期所见或所做,后段生长周期所见或所做。 (3)写作技巧 观察日志常用第三人称,时态以一般现在时和现在完成时为主。一般采用三段式结构:第一段种下植物种子;第二段茎长出来,描述所见或所做;第三段花蕾长出来,描述所见或所做。 2.教材词汇 (1)bulb　 n.球茎 (2)stem n.茎 (3)sprout v.发芽 (4)plant v.种植 (5)water v.浇水 (6)container n.容器 (7)green leaves 绿叶 (8)a beautiful flower 一朵美丽的花 3.话题句式 (1)The sunflower looks like bowing to the sun. 那朵向日葵看起来像是在向太阳鞠躬。 (2)Dogs, along with cats, are thought to be the most favored pets in America today. 狗和猫一样,被认为是当今美国最受宠爱的宠物。 (3)The strong horses look wild and hard to get close. 这些强壮的马看起来既野性又难以接近。 (4)The colourful flowers look very attractive. 五颜六色的花看起来很吸引人。 (5)It grows 10 to 40 feet high and has enormous, broad green leaves that are sometimes 10 feet long.它长到10到40英尺高,有时有10英尺长的宽大的绿叶。 (6)Another stem, which grows through the hollow stem,bears the flowers and the fruit. 另一根茎,长在中空的茎上,结出花朵和果实。 (7)As it grows it slowly unfolds and shows about 100 small blossoms, which are long and narrow and grow together in clusters or groups. 随着它的生长,它慢慢地展开,开出大约100朵小花,这些花又长又窄,簇生在一起。 (8)Each bunch is called a “hand” because it looks almost like a hand with the separate bananas like fingers. 每一串都被称为一只“手”,因为它看起来就像一只手,分开的香蕉就像手指一样。 $$