必修第三册 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION(word讲义) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考划重点（人教版2019）

UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION 学案1　练学核心单词 加黑体词语是必修第三册 UNIT 3 的语言知识复现,如有遗忘请及时回顾。 教材新练法　通教材才能百通 1.These disasters made everyone sad and ___________ (disappoint), but the desire ___________ (explore) the universe never died. 2.On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 Satellite ___________ (launch) by the USSR and successfully ___________ (orbit) around Earth. 3.However, some scientists were ___________ (determine) to help humans realise their dream ___________ (explore) space. 4.Sending people to other planets or even ___________ the solar system is not an easy goal ___________ (achieve). 答案　1.disappointed; to explore　2.was launched; orbited　3.determined; to explore　4.beyond (太阳系以外); to achieve 高考这样考　知高考才会应对 1.The Idler ___________ (launch) by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) 2.___________ (analyze) of a language database also confirmed that there was a ___________ (globe) change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 3.Being emotionally ___________ (intelligence) does not necessarily make one a moral person. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) 4.As the twins looked around them in ___________ (disappoint), their father appeared. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) 5.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural ___________ (resource) wisely. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) 6.Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. ___________ (attach) icing (糖霜) ears. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) 答案与解析　 1.was launched　句中时间状语是in 1993,故用一般过去时,主语The Idler与launch是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,填was launched。 2.Analyses; global　第一空作主语,且空后是介词of,故填名词,空前无表“一”的限定词,故填复数形式;第二空修饰名词change,应用形容词作定语,填global。 3.intelligent　空处作表语,应用形容词,填intelligent。 4.disappointment　in disappointment “失望地”。 5.resources　由空前的these可知,resource应用复数形式。 6.Attach　由前一句可知该处是祈使句,故填动词原形,空处位于句首,首字母应大写,填Attach。 1.lack n. ①___________　vt. ②___________ 练基础　单句语法填空 ①Something about his manner suggested ___________ lack of interest in what we were doing. ②The man seldom does exercise because he ___________ (lack) motivation. ③Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness ___________ lack of proper treatment. ④His apparent lack ___________ concern angered her. ⑤Despite his rich knowledge, he is lacking ___________ relevant experience. ⑥___________ (lack) confidence has prevented him from accomplishing his goal. 提写作　试写佳句　背诵 我缺乏与他人交流的能力,因此在比赛中失败了。(求助信) ⑦___________________________, I failed in the competition. (分词短语作状语) ⑧___________________________, I failed in the competition. (介词短语) ◆敲黑板 ①lack作名词时,常与介词of连用;②lack作动词时可用作及物动词,其后直接接宾语,但不可用于被动语态;③形容词lacking常与介词in连用。 答案　①缺乏;短缺　②没有;缺乏　①a　②lacks ③for　④of　⑤in　⑥Lacking　⑦Lacking the skill to communicate with others　⑧For lack of the skill to communicate with others 2.attach vt. ①___________________________ ②___________________________ 练基础　单句语法填空 ①High levels of knowledge can make people too ___________ (attach) to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields—the arts, sciences, and politics. (2022·浙江卷) ②It’s easy to become attached ___________ the children you work with. ③Please fill in and return the ___________ (attach) form. ④She’s trying to come up with a label ___________ (attach) to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. (全国卷Ⅱ) ⑤He fixed his eyes on a series of photos ___________ (attach) to the journal. ⑥The teenager formed a closer ___________ (attach) to his mother. 提写作　试写佳句　背诵 我们应该重视保护海洋。(2022·全国甲卷短文) ⑦___________________________________________ 答案　①系;绑;贴　②认为有重要性(或意义;价值等);重视　①attached　②to　③attached　④to attach　⑤attached　⑥attachment　⑦Great importance should be attached to protecting the ocean. Ⅰ.词形转换和动词形式变化 1.By taking exercise ___________ (regular), I have grown healthy both physically and ___________ (mental) in the past years. 2.Although feeling ___________ (disappoint) and frustrated, in a district far from home, the teenager settled down and managed to live ___________ (independent). 3.Despite their ___________ (limit) time, they finally managed to reach an agreement after a series of ___________ (argue). 4.The boss headed to the bar, ___________ (signal) to the girl that she could take part in the project ___________ (launch) by the company. 5.The player selected from the city ___________ (leap) in the air and waved excitedly to the fans as he got ___________ (sufficient) prepared for the game. 6.Just 9% of global plastic waste ___________ (recycle). Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution. (2021·全国乙卷) 答案与解析　 1.regularly; mentally　第一空修饰非谓语动词taking exercise,用副词,填regularly;第二空修饰grown作状语,应用副词,填mentally。 2.disappointed; independently　第一空作表语,说明the teenager,表“失望的”,填形容词disappointed;第二空作状语,修饰live,应用副词,填independently。 3.limited; arguments　第一空作定语,表“有限的”,填形容词limited;第二空作宾语,且空前是a series of,故填复数名词arguments。 4.signal(l)ing; launched　第一空在句中作状语, The boss与signal “发出信号”是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作状语,故填signal(l)ing;第二空作定语, launch与the project是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语,填launched。 5.leaped/leapt; sufficiently　第一空处所填谓语与句中已有的谓语waved时态一致,应用一般过去时,填leaped/leapt; 第二空作状语,修饰prepared,应用副词,填sufficiently。 6.is recycled　空处作谓语,且与下一句时态一致,应用一般现在时,主语waste为不可数名词,与recycle是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,填is recycled。 Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配 　　To be chosen as ①___________ astronaut, one must go through a strict selection procedure. Firstly, you have to be ②___________ perfect health and perfect shape. You have to do a lot of mental and physical training. Besides, you should be intelligent enough to not only know about ③___________ universe, the solar system and our globe, but also understand rockets, satellites, spacecrafts, gravity and so on. Most importantly, astronauts must have a ④___________ (determine) will and a strong desire ⑤___________ success. After a spacecraft ⑥___________ (launch), make sure it goes in the right orbit. An astronaut on board has a lot of ⑦___________ (mission) to carry out. He must be able to complete a spacewalk so as to transmit data through some facilities ⑧___________ those relevant ⑨___________ (agency) on the earth. 答案　①an　②in　③the　④determined　⑤for　⑥is launched　⑦missions　⑧to　⑨agencies Ⅲ.熟词生义和派生/合成词汇 熟词生义　联想本义推新义 A. resulted in B. carried on C. figured out D. put forward 1.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.” ___________ 合成词汇 2.When I am on the road, I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals. (2022·浙江卷阅读) ___________ 3.The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. (2023·全国乙卷) ___________ 答案与解析　 1.D　float的基本义是“漂浮”。人的想法、计划“漂浮”上来,即“提出;提请考虑(想法或计划)”。 2.精神独立的　independent 独立的+spirited 有某种精神的→independent-spirited adj.精神独立的。 3.急升;猛升　sky 天空+ rocket火箭→skyrocket v.急升;猛升。 学案2　掌握短语和句式 加黑体词语是必修第三册 UNIT 4 的词汇复现,如有遗忘请及时回顾。 教材新练法　通教材才能百通 1.___________ closing, ___________ (explore) space provides the world with many different benefits. 2.They are experimenting ___________ growing crops in space so as ___________ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. 3.First ___________ all, you must be intelligent enough ___________ (get) a related college degree. 4.Firstly, exploring space has already made ___________ difference in the fight ___________ world hunger. 5.Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us ___________ (understand) how the universe began, ___________ also help us survive well into the future. 答案　1.In; exploring　2.with; to help　3.of; to get　4.a; against　5.to understand; but 高考这样考　知高考才会应对 1.When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting ___________ a more accurate estimate. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) 2.Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables ___________ a result of the classes. (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) 3.Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as ___________ (please) as possible. (2023·浙江首考) 答案与解析　 1.in　result in “导致”。 2.as　as a result of “结果;因此”。 3.pleasant/pleasing　空处作宾补,表“令人愉快的”,填形容词pleasant/pleasing。 1.result的短语 用result相关短语的适当形式填空 ①You will be informed by email if you are being deregistered _________________ missing sessions. (2022·北京卷) ②By distracting (分心) the mind from the pain, music can ___________ less pain. (2021·北京卷改编) ③Many people do not realize the importance of space exploration technology in their loves. ___________, space exploration becomes a waste of time and money in their eyes. ④Success ___________ positive thinking and action. ⑤Alice overslept this morning, ___________ that she was late for school. 答案　①as a result of　②result in　③As a result ④results from　⑤with the result 2.“用完;用光”的短语run out/run out of/use up/give out Worse luck! First, food and drinking water had been ___________ before we reached the destination. Then, my husband was driving fast when the car suddenly broke down. It turned out that the gas had ___________. So we had no choice but to walk along the road until our strength ___________. We eventually reached a small hotel but unfortunately, we found we had ___________ all our money. ◆敲黑板 run out of 是及物动词短语,以人作主语,同use up; run out 是不及物动词短语,以物作主语,同give out; give out 是不及物动词短语,表物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”。 答案　used up; run out/given out; gave out; run out of/used up 3.不定式的用法 ①I often leave early ___________ (seek) the right destinations so I can set up early ___________ (avoid) missing the moment I am attempting ___________ (photograph). (2023·全国乙卷) ②Well, maybe we’ll have to see if the agent has anything else ___________ (show) us. (2023·全国甲卷) ③The project was dreamed up by a local charity ___________ (reduce) loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) ④With their ability ___________ (see) ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able ___________ (react) in time. (2022·全国乙卷) ⑤A month later, Brown invited me ___________ (attend) the World Youth Wildlife Conference. (2022·北京卷) ⑥The South American country has become the first in the world ___________ (build) a “quick park” beside the Zabalo River. ⑦It is not realistic ___________ (remove) all plastic from your life, but some statistics may encourage you ___________ (reduce) your single-use plastic footprints. ⑧Tom hurried to the airport, only ___________ (inform) that his flight had taken off. ⑨Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 答案　①to seek; to avoid; to photograph　②to show　③to reduce　④to see; to react　⑤to attend　⑥to build　⑦to remove; to reduce　⑧to be informed　⑨to perform 学案3　最提分微写作 应用文写作提分练　帖文(宇宙探索)提出话题→说明观点理由→总结 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 最近,有网友在某英文论坛上发帖,征集网友们对“是否愿意在空间站体验一个月生活”的意见。请你用英语回帖,表明你的观点并说明理由。 第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所复习的词汇和句式) 1.我渴望在空间站上生活一个月,原因如下。 ___________________________ for the following reasons. 2.我一直对宇宙好奇。在环绕地球运行时,我可以观察太空迷人的风景,体验漂浮在太空的感觉。 (普通表达) I’ve always ___________________________. While ______________________, I can observe the charming scenery of space and ___________________________. (满分表达) I’ve always ___________________________. ___________________________. (省略句) 3.我将试图弄清太空的一些奥秘,为人类探索太空做出贡献。 (不定式) ______________________________________________________ to human exploration of space. 4.在太空中独立生活一个月肯定会对我的人生有很大的影响。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.无可争辩在空间站生活是值得的。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 答案　1.I desire to live on a space station for one month　2.been curious about the universe; I am orbiting the earth; experience the feeling of floating in space; been curious about the universe; While orbiting the earth, I can observe the charming scenery of space and experience the feeling of floating in space　3.I’ll try to figure out some mysteries of space so as to contribute　4.Living in space independently for a month will definitely make a great difference to my life.　5.It is beyond argument that living on the space station is worth it. 第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇,如first of all、 in closing、 moreover、 last but not least等) 范文　 　　I desire to live on a space station for one month for the following reasons. First of all, I’ve always been curious about the universe. While orbiting the earth, I can observe the charming scenery of space and experience the feeling of floating in space. Moreover, I’ll try to figure out some mysteries of space so as to contribute to human exploration of space. Last but not least, living in space independently for a month will definitely make a great difference to my life. In closing, it is beyond argument that living on the space station is worth it. 续写提分小语段　(主题:逐梦人生) 根据左栏汉语和黑体部分的提示,利用本单元所复习的词汇和句式补全小语段,并背诵成文。 当我听到这个消息时,我的脑海里突然浮现出一个想法:这是一个我实现成为一名舞蹈家梦想的宝贵机会!我感到想告诉妈妈我的决定的愿望难以遏制。下定决心后,我一跃而起,冲回家去。然而,妈妈没有热心地支持我,而是用失望的声音吼道:“真想不到!你应该重视理科,努力学习,以便能考上重点大学!” Instantly I heard the news, ①___________________________(无灵主语句): it was a precious opportunity for me to realize my dream of becoming a dancer! I ②___________________________ share my decision with my mom. Then ③___________, I ④___________________________ and dashed home. However, instead of ⑤___________________________, Mom roared ⑥___________________________,“Fancy that! ⑦______________________________________________________!” 仿写(仿效加曲线句)我意识到这是我实现成为一名医生梦想的宝贵机会!我应该立刻抓住这个机会。 ⑧___________________________________________ 答案　①an idea suddenly floated into my mind　②felt an overwhelming desire to　③determined　④leapt to my feet　⑤being keen to support me　⑥in a disappointed voice　⑦You should attach great importance to science and study hard in the hope of going to a key university　⑧I was aware that it was a precious opportunity for me to realize my dream of becoming a doctor! I should leap at it. 教师独具 Version 2　(从反对观点角度) I 应用文写作提分练 第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所复习的词汇和句式) 1.随着科学技术的发展,越来越多的人渴望在空间站体验生活。 With the development of science and technology, an increasing number of people desire to experience life on a space station.  2.就我而言,我认为这不是一个好主意。 When it comes to me, I don’t think it’s a good idea. 3.生活在太空中的人有健康风险,比如极端温度,太阳辐射。 There are health risks for those living in space, such as extreme temperatures and solar radiation.  4.失重可能会给人们在太空中的日常生活造成很大的不便。 Weightlessness may result in great inconvenience for people in their daily life in space.   5.由于缺乏足够的活动,人们很容易感到无聊。 (不定式) For lack of sufficient activities to do, people may easily get bored.  6.在空间站上生活一个月似乎不是一个明智的选择。(不定式) It doesn’t seem a wise choice to live in a space station for a month.  第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇,如however、first of all等) 范文　 　　With the development of science and technology, an increasing number of people desire to experience life on a space station. However, when it comes to me, I don’t think it’s a good idea. First of all, there are health risks for those living in space, such as extreme temperatures and solar radiation. Besides, weightlessness may result in great inconvenience for people in their daily life in space. Additionally, for lack of sufficient activities to do, people may easily get bored. In closing, it doesn’t seem a wise choice to live in a space station for a month. 根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇 　　There exists a problem between my parents and me, ①making it impossible for me to carry on with my study (使我很难继续学习).   Actually, ②I am so keen on space exploration (我对太空探索如此热衷) that I ③regularly (regular) go to the library ④in the hope of gaining sufficient knowledge about the universe (希望获得有关宇宙的足够知识). However, my parents think my hobby will ⑤result in (导致) my poor academic performance. Moreover, ⑥what makes me disappointed is that they always argue with me about my hobby (使我失望的是他们总是和我争论我的爱好). Even worse, they warn me to give it up. ⑦Otherwise (否则), ⑧they are determined not to provide for me (他们决定不提供我生活所需). Since you have handled such a situation ⑨independently (independent), ⑩I desire your timely help (我渴望得到你及时的帮助).  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$