必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD(word练习) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考练重点（人教版2019）

限时练6　必修第一册　UNIT 5 限时20分钟 阅读　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)　体裁:说明文　主题语境:语言　难度:★★★★☆ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. 1.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on? A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development. 2.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily. C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process. 4.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity. C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings. 答案与解析　 本文介绍了一项耗时5年的研究,该研究发现人类的语音发展与饮食的改变有关。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi ... has found how and why this trend arose.”可知,达米安·布拉西的研究方向是这一趋势形成的原因和方式。根据前文可知,this trend指的是30多年前学者查尔斯发现在吃较软食物的群体中唇齿音更常见。由此可知,达米安·布拉西研究的是人类语音的发展。故选D项。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals”和“our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构),making it easier to produce such sounds”可知,人类因为上下颌结构的改变才得以更加轻松地发出唇齿音,由此可知,古代的成年人难以发出唇齿音与上下颌结构有关。故选C项。 3.A　段落大意题。根据第五段首句“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that ...”可知,语言数据库的分析也证实了新石器时代之后唇齿音的增加。这与第四段首句提及的研究结果相一致,由此可知,此段是为该研究结果提供证据。故选A项。 4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable”和“the huge variety of speech sounds ... is the product of a complex interplay ...”可推知,人类的语音体系是一个复杂且不断变化的系统。故选C项。 七选五　(2024·青岛联考)　体裁:说明文　主题语境:语言学习　难度:★★☆☆ 　　Many people who are learning English want to know how to improve their reading skills. 　1　 The effective way to improve your reading skills is to love reading and practice more.  Reading is one of the most important language skills because we use it to expand our vocabulary and improve the way we speak, write and listen. 　2　 Seeing new ways to say things can help your understanding of English and improve not only your reading, but also your other language skills.  　3　 If we do not understand something, we can go over it again and even look up the words we do not know the meanings of. This means that we have a much greater chance of understanding information that we read than information that we hear.  So how do we practice reading so that our skill level improves? When we read a passage, we need to understand it. We must understand what the important words mean in each sentence. This does not mean that we need to know the meaning of every word. In many cases, we can find out what words mean from the words around them. 　4　 To do this, we must understand how words work together. In many cases, we must “see” part of the message that has not been written, or we must form an opinion ourselves.  Reading is an essential part of your study of the English language. It can help you understand and learn more. It can also become a satisfying hobby. 　5　  A. Unfortunately, there is no easy way to do this. B. Unlike listening, reading allows us to take our time. C. Among the four skills, listening is the most important one. D. It is hoped that you will love reading and improve your reading skills. E. When we read, we can see how things are said, from sentence structure to expression. F. If we do not, we will not be able to understand what the entire article or story is about. G. Once we understand what the words mean, we need to figure out what the message is. 答案与解析　 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提高英语阅读能力的方法。 1.A　根据前文“许多正在学英语的人都想知道如何提高阅读能力。”和后文“提高阅读能力的有效方法是热爱阅读并多读”可知,提高英语阅读能力没有捷径,选项A“不幸的是,没有简单的方法可以做到这一点。”切合文意。 2.E　根据后文“看到新的表达方式有助理解英语,不仅可以提高阅读能力,还可以提高其他语言技能。”可知,英语阅读时要注意分析和学习,选项E“当我们阅读时,我们能明白从句子结构到词汇等的表达方式。”切合文意。 3.B　后文提到阅读时,如果我们有不明白的内容,能再看一遍,甚至查一下生词。这意味着有更大的机会理解读到的信息而不是听到的信息。由此可知,此处指阅读可以慢慢来,故选B“不像听,阅读可以让我们慢慢来。” 4.G　前文提到通过上下文能理解词意,后文提到我们必须理解言外之意或有自己的观点。由此可知,故选G“一旦我们理解了这些词意,我们要弄清其中的信息。” 5.D　由前文“阅读是英语学习的一个重要部分。它有助理解和学到更多知识。它也能成为一个令人满意的爱好。”可知,要热爱阅读,故选D“希望你能爱上阅读,提高阅读能力。” 语法填空　(2024·德州质检)　体裁:记叙文　主题语境:语言学习　难度:★★★☆☆ 　　A statue of Petofi stands in the square in front of Lu Xun Museum in Shanghai, 　1　 (welcome) millions of visitors for the traditional friendship between China and Hungary. 　2　 time went by, there was an increasing interest in learning the Chinese language in Hungary.  A 19-year-old Hungary girl, Varge Bonita, 　3　 Chinese name is Hu Lingyue, traveled thousands of miles to the East and settled down in Beijing for her university life in the hope of knowing more about China. She 　4　 (fall) in love with Chinese, a language with “　5　 special tone and beautiful handwriting” when she began to first hear Chinese at the age of seven. For her, learning Chinese is not just about mastering a language, but providing access 　6　 Chinese history of 5,000 years with so many interesting aspects. With the 　7　 (popular) of Chinese in Hungary, signs in Chinese have been more and more 　8　 (common) seen in streets and Chinese characters are most likely to 　9　 (spot) on bus tickets selling machines.  Cultural exchanges and mutual learning between China and Hungary have brought people closer and closer. The horizon is vast. There are 　10　 (end) possibilities which have not been explored.  答案与解析　 文章介绍了一个19岁的匈牙利女孩学习汉语的经历,同时在匈牙利,人们学习汉语的兴趣也越来越大。 1.welcoming　考查非谓语动词。 该句已有谓语stands,空处在句中作非谓语,A statue与welcome之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,填welcoming。 2.As　考查连词。 此处是固定短语as time went by “随着时间的流逝”,位于句首时首字母需大写。故填As。 3.whose　考查定语从句。 该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词A 19-year-old Hungary girl指人,且从句中Chinese name前缺少定语,应用关系代词whose引导定语从句。 4.fell　考查动词的时态。 根据句中时间状语at the age of seven可知,该句陈述过去事实,应用一般过去时。故填fell。 5.a　考查冠词。 此处指“一种特殊语调”,表泛指,special为辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a。 6.to　考查介词。 此处是固定短语access to “接近;接触”。故填to。 7.popularity　考查词形转换。with the popularity of “随着……的普及/流行”,定冠词the后接名词popularity “流行;普及”。故填popularity。 8.commonly　考查词形转换。 空处在句中作状语修饰seen,应用副词commonly “普遍地”。 9.be spotted　考查动词的语态。 此处为固定短语be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”,Chinese characters与spot “发现”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填be spotted。 10.endless　考查词形转换。 后文提到的 “还有未被探索的可能性”说明还有很多可能性,即“无限的”,空处用形容词endless作定语修饰名词possibilities “可能性”。故填endless。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$