限时练15 必修第三册 UNIT 4(课件) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考练重点（人教版2019）

高考复习顶层设计·英语 赢在微点 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第一部分　主题限时练 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 阅读　(全国卷Ⅱ)　体裁:说明文　主题语境:宇宙探索　 难度:★★★☆☆ 　　Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York. 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution (解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager. 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 “There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and ... it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.” 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. 本文介绍了“HUNCH”这一项目,该项目的设计初衷是将太空技术与学校教育联系到一起,共同致力于解决太空中的细菌问题。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 1.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution. C. They appear in different forms. D. They damage the instruments. 答案与解析　A　细节理解题。由题干中的“bacteria in the International Space Station”可定位至原文第一段。根据该段第一句中的“an annoying problem”以及第二句中的“grow uncontrollably ... astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week”可知,国际空间站的细菌很难除去。故选A项。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 2.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills. C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education. 答案与解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知, HUNCH项目的目的是将高中课堂与美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的工程师们连接到一起,即将学校教育与太空技术联系到一起,故选D项。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 3.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs. C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework. 答案与解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and ... It’s a hard business review of your product.”可知,美国国家航空航天局的工程师们在这个项目中的任务是检查学生们的成果,故选A项。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 4.What is the best title for the text? A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom D. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform 答案与解析　B　标题归纳题。本文围绕着HUNCH项目展开,这一项目的目的是将学校教育与太空技术联系到一起,共同努力解决太空问题,故B项“太空:期末作业的前沿领域”最为贴切。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 完形填空　(全国卷Ⅲ改编)　体裁:说明文　主题语境:现代技术　难度:★★★☆☆ 　　The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—nearly six months out of the year. “Of course, we 　1　 it when the sun is shining,” says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is 　2　, but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 　3　 day.”  限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 But that 　4　 when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 　5　 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 　6　. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 　7　 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 　8　 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central 　9　, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light appeared, Rjukan residents gathered together.  限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 “People have been 　10　 there and standing there and taking pictures of each other,” Ro says. “The town square was totally 　11　. I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all 　12　 the sunshine at the same time. 　13　, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 　14　 residents.  “It’s not very 　15　,” she says, “but it is enough when we are sharing.”  限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 1.A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice 2.A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide 3.A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm 4.A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered 5.A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined 6.A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use 7.A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows 8.A. day B. night C. month D. year 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 9.A. library B. hall C. square D. street 10.A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. sitting 11.A. new B. full C. flat D. silent 12.A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store 13.A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly 14.A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved 15.A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 答案与解析　 受周围地势的限制,挪威的留坎小镇在每年九月底到次年三月中旬这将近六个月的时间里都享受不到阳光。但是,一组高科技镜面通过反射原理让小镇居民第一次感受到了冬日里的暖阳。人们聚在广场上享受着阳光,惬意地生活着。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 1.D　根据空后的“when the sun is shining”和下文的“We see the sky is 2　”并结合语境可知,此处指虽然小镇有近半年的时间没有阳光照射,但是当太阳照耀时,小镇的人是能察觉到太阳的。notice “察觉”,符 合语境。fear “害怕”; believe “相信”; hear “听到”。  2.B　根据空后的but和darker可知,设空处意思与darker相反,再根据首段对留坎小镇的地形描述可知,小镇在群山之中,小镇里的居民仰头可以看见蓝天,但是山谷里却是阴暗的。blue “蓝色的”,符合语境。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 3.A　根据空前的破折号可知,此处是补充说明破折号前的内容,即高处湛蓝的天空衬托着阴暗的山谷,让人感觉山谷里像是阴天。cloudy “多云的;阴天的”,符合语境。normal “正常的”; different “不同的”; warm “温暖的”。 4.B　空前But为表转折的提示词,表示有变化发生。change “改变”,符合语境。help “帮助”; happen “发生”; matter “有关系”。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 5.C　根据上文可知,镜面系统将安装在周边山峰,从山峰将阳光反射到小镇。此处表示小镇的居民在周三收到了第一缕冬日的阳光。receive “收到”,符合语境。remember “记得”; forecast “预报”; imagine “想象”。 6.D　根据第三段第一句中的“a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced”和空前的“residents (居民) of Rjukan 　5　 their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知,此处指的是一组高科技反射镜面被投入使用。put sth. to use “将某物投入使用”,符合语境。  限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 7.B　根据空前的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer”和空后的“to turn along with the sun throughout the 　8　 and to close during windy weather”可知,电脑的作用是来控制、管理这组反射镜面的。direct “指挥;管理”,符合语境。forbid “禁止”; predict “预言”; follow “跟随”。  8.A　根据上文可知,小镇居民有约半年的时间会在白天感受不到阳 光,由此可排除C、D项;由常识可排除B项。此处应指这组镜面在白天将阳光反射给小镇居民。throughout the day “整日”,符合语境。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 9.C　根据空后的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”和第四段中的“The town square”可知,这组镜面将光束集中反射到小镇的中心广场,光照的面积大约为600平方米。square “广场”,符合语境。library “图书馆”; hall “大厅”; street “街道”。 10.D　根据空后的“standing there and taking pictures of each other”可 知,此处描述人们相聚在广场时热闹的场景。sit “坐”,符合语境。drive “驾驶”; hide “躲藏”; camp “宿营”。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 11.B　根据下文的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知,有阳光的时候,几乎小镇上所有的居民都汇集到广场上了。故可推断此处表示这个小镇广场上挤满了人。full “满的”,符合语境。new “新的”; flat “平的”; silent “寂静的”。 12.C　上文提到光照的面积只有大约600平方米,而空前却说小镇有 3 500人,故可推断出此处表示所有的居民不可能同时享受到阳光。enjoy “享受”,符合语境。block “阻挡”; avoid “避开”; store “储存”。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 13.B　语法知识解题。空前一句提到光照范围不能让全体居民同时享受阳光,但空后内容表示光照对居民来说绰绰有余。故推断出此处为表示转折意义的词。however “但是;然而”,符合语境。instead “相反;而”; gradually “渐渐地”; similarly “类似地”。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 14.D　熟词生义解题。由上文可知,小镇的居民一年中有将近六个月是享受不到阳光的。sun-starved “缺乏阳光的”,符合语境。nature-loving “热爱自然的”; energy-saving “节能的”; weather-beaten “饱经风霜的”。 15.A　并列关系解题。根据空后的but it is enough可知,此处表达与之相反的意思“它(指大约600平方米的照射面积)虽然不是很大”。big “大的”,符合语境。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 语法填空　(2024·上海奉贤区一模改编)　体裁:说明文　主题语境:宇宙探索　难度:★★★★☆ The First Space Cat In a few weeks, space scientists will celebrate a remarkable event—the 60th anniversary of the launch of the first cat into space. In the early 60s, dogs and monkeys were the animals 　1　 (usual) used by scientists 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 to find out exactly 　2　 dangerous the conditions were in outer space. A total of 14 street cats 　3　 (gather) at France’s space agency for selection as cat astronauts. The cat selected to travel to space was simply known 　4　 C341. C341 flew on a French rocket in October 1963 to a place 　5　 no cat had gone before.  限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 Then, after the news of the flight was announced on 18 October 1963, the French press decided this cat had to have 　6　 (it) name. They picked “Felix” after a cartoon cat character, only 　7　 (discover) that C341 was female, so her name was then adjusted to “Felicette”. Putting Felicette in the rocket, France added a new species to the list of animals that scientists 　8　 (send) into space before. Previously, two garden spiders had been taken to the Skylab 　9　 (orbit) around the moon.  限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 “In the 60s, 　10　 (concern) about the possible danger for a human to be in outer space, scientists and engineers primarily undertook animal space flights to see if they suffered or their lives were threatened by the weightlessness or increased radiation or other effects they might experience up there,” said astronomer Jake Foster. “The fact that they did not fail paved the way for humans to begin journeys into space.”  限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 答案与解析　 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了第一只太空猫的相关情况。 1.usually　考查词形转换。 空处作状语,修饰used, 故用副词, 填usually。 2.how　考查宾语从句。句意:20世纪60年代初,科学家们通常用狗和猴子来探测外太空的危险程度。引导宾语从句,此处从句表“多么危险”应用how dangerous。故填how。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 3.were gathered　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 cats与gather为被动关系,应用被动语态, 根据前文were和cats可知为一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用复数。故填were gathered。 4.as　考查介词。短语be known as表示“被称为”。故填as。 5.where　考查定语从句。 该句是定语从句,先行词是place,在从句作地点状语,故用where引导定语从句。 6. its　考查代词。空处作定语修饰名词name, 应用形容词性物主代词,故填its。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 7.to discover　考查非谓语动词。 此处为only to do sth.,表出乎意料的结果, 故用不定式作结果状语,填to discover。 8.had sent　考查动词的时态。从句谓语先于主句谓语added之前发生,表过去的过去,应用过去完成时,故填had sent。 9.orbiting　考查非谓语动词。 空处作定语, 应用非谓语, 分析句子结构可知Skylab与orbit是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作定语,填orbiting。 10.concerned　考查非谓语动词。短语be concerned about “担心”,此处是过去分词作状语。故填concerned。 限时练15　必修第三册　UNIT 4 高考复习顶层设计 英语 第 ‹#› 页 赢在字里行间 本部分内容讲解结束 $$