必修第三册 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES(word讲义) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考背重点（人教版2019）

nullnull UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 主题语境 优秀品行,正确的人生态度,公民义务与社会责任 　提分背案1　单元主题 导图串记 主题大观念 | 探讨生活中常见的道德困境,人生中的抉择,如何传递爱心、善待他人。 语言大观念 | 整合相关语块, 写关于人物的应用文和传递善行的续写。 微语境助记 　 People tend to talk about what morals and virtues are. But sometimes they may face moral dilemmas. For example, if an old man tripped over or suddenly fainted in the street or got injured in an accident, what would be your first response? Will you assist him to rise or give first aid? Or just stand by? Your behaviour will illustrate what your moral and life principles are. In Lin Qiaozhi’s eyes, life is precious. When others entrusted her with their lives, it was virtue that carried her through a life of hard choices.   　提分背案2　单元重点 语境背记 1.majority n. 大部分;大多数→major adj. 主要的;重要的;大多数的　n. 专业;(某专业的)主修学生　vi. 主修→(反) minority n. 少数;少数派 1)a/the majority of大多数…… in the/a majority占大部分/大多数 by/with a majority of ...以多数票…… 2)in the/a minority占少数 3)major in ...主修……;以……为专业 ①With the final exam approaching, ______ majority of students are under much pressure.随着期末考试的到来,大多数学生压力很大。(倡议信) ②I was selected to be the leading role in the play ______ a majority of 50, which made me filled with joy.我以50票的优势被选为该剧的主角,这让我很高兴。(续写情感细节) 2.complain vi.&vt. 抱怨;发牢骚→complaint n. 抱怨;埋怨;投诉 1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth. (向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事;(向某人)发牢骚 complain (to sb.) that ... (向某人)抱怨…… 2)make a complaint about sth.抱怨/投诉某事 make a complaint to sb.向某人抱怨/投诉 ①I’d like to complain ______ you that the waiter of your hotel broke my suitcase.我想向你投诉贵宾馆的服务员弄坏了我的行李箱。(投诉信) ②Mike did whatever he could for the family ______ any complaints.迈克毫无怨言地为家庭做了他能做的一切。 3.appoint vt. ①任命;委派　②指定;约定→appointment n. 任命;约定→appointed adj. 约定的;指定的 1)appoint sb. as/to be ...任命某人为…… be appointed as/to be ...被任命为…… appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事 2)make/have an appointment with sb.与某人约会/预约 keep/break an appointment守/违约 3)the appointed time约定的时间 ①It’s a great pity that I will fail to go outing with you at the ______ (appoint) time.很遗憾我不能在约定的时间和你去郊游。(2021·北京卷道歉信) ②Learning he was appointed ______ captain, he broke into a wide grin.得知他被任命为队长后,他咧嘴笑了。(续写神态细节) 4.scare vt. ①惊吓;使害怕　vi. ②受惊吓→scared adj. 害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj. 令人害怕的 1)scare sb.吓唬某人 scare sb./sth. away/off把……吓跑 scare sb. into doing sth.胁迫某人做某事 scare the life out of sb.吓得某人魂飞魄散 scare sb. out of one’s wits吓得要死 2) be scared to do sth.害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb./sth.害怕某人/某物 be scared to death吓得要死 ①Harry saw his ______ (scare) white face.哈利看见了他惊恐、煞白的脸。 ②It was so ______ (scare) a moment that my heart was hammering in my chest.那一刻真是吓人,吓得我心脏怦怦直跳。 ③Meredith was scared ______ him and shrank back.梅雷迪思害怕他,退缩了。 ④She scared the life out of me when she crept up behind me and shouted in my ear.她蹑手蹑脚地走到我身后对着我耳朵大喊一声,把我的魂都吓飞了。 5.replace vt. ①接替;取代　②更换　③把……放回原处→replacement n. 取代;代替; 替代品 1)replace ... with/by ...用……替换…… replace ... as ...取代……而成为…… be replaced by被……替换/取代 2)take the place of sb.=take sb.’s place代替某人 in place of代替 ①I replaced him ______ the leading role in the school drama, which came as a big shock to the class.我代替他成为学校戏剧中的主角,这让全班同学大为震惊。(续写情感细节) ②Lost wealth may ______ (replace) by industry, but lost time is gone forever.失去的财富可由勤奋而恢复,但失去的时间却一去不复返。(续写主旨升华) 6.whisper vi.& vt. ①悄声说;耳语;低语　n. ②耳语(声);低语(声)　③传言;谣传 1)whisper sth. to sb.向某人低声说某事 whisper (sth.) in one’s ear对某人耳语(某事) whisper to sb. that ...低声对某人说…… whisper about sth.嘀咕/密谈某事 It is whispered that ...私下说;秘密告诉…… 2)in a whisper/whispers低声地;耳语地 ①Hussain drew me aside to whisper in my ear.侯赛因把我拉到一旁在我耳边说悄悄话。 ②The girl’s voice sank to ______ whisper as she admitted that she had broken the window.那个女孩承认自己打破窗户玻璃时,声音低得如同耳语。 ③Franklin cupped his hands over Tom’s ear and began whispering his plan.富兰克林双手围成杯状在汤姆耳边低声讲起他的计划。(续写动作细节) 7.assist vt. 帮助;援助→assistant n. 助手;助理→assistance n. 帮助 1)assist sb. in doing sth./assist sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 assist (sb.) with/in sth.帮助(某人)某事 2)with the assistance of ...在……的帮助下 be of assistance to sb.有助于某人 turn to sb. for assistance向某人求助 ①I’m wondering if you could assist me in choosing/to choose the suitable topics for the class meeting.我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。(2021·全国甲卷求助信) ②______ the assistance of their father, the twins managed to make tasty breakfast.在他们爸爸的帮助下,双胞胎设法做好了美味的早餐。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) 8.tear n. ①眼泪;泪水　vt. ②撕破 (tore, torn, tearing)→tearful adj. 含泪的 1)in tears流着泪;含着泪 burst into tears突然大哭起来 fight/hold back tears强忍住泪水 tears of joy/happiness/regret/laughter喜悦/悔恨/欢笑的泪水 2)tear sth. apart撕碎某物 tear sth. down推倒;拆毁(建筑物) tear sth. to/into pieces把……撕成碎片 tear sth. up把(纸/布)撕碎 tear one’s heart (out)/tear at one’s heart使某人心碎 tear oneself/one’s eyes away from舍不得离开/恋恋不舍地把目光从……挪开 ①He hurried out from behind the bar, rushed toward Harry and seized his hand, tears in his eyes.他连忙从吧台后边出来朝哈利跑来,抓起他的手,激动得热泪盈眶。 ②He sat down next to Harry, took one look at him, and ______________.他在哈利身旁坐下,看了他一眼,突然大哭了起来。 ③Tom was tearing the letters ______ pieces before his eyes.汤姆当着他的面把信撕得粉碎。 ④He finally tore his eyes away from the phone.最后他总算强迫自己不再去看手机。 harm n.&vt. 伤害;损害→harmful adj. 有害的→(反) harmless adj. 无害的 1)harm sth.损害某物 harm one’s health/image/reputation损害某人的健康/形象/名誉 2)do/cause harm to sb.=do/cause sb. harm对某人造成损害/伤害 There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处 mean no harm没有恶意 3)be harmful to ...对……有害 ①What is known is that being addicted to cellphones does harm to/is harmful to/harms health.众所周知,沉溺于手机有害健康。(倡议书) ②I cupped my hand over the phone, whispering that I ______________.我用手捂住电话,低声告诉她我没有恶意。(续写动作和语言描写) ③He added sometimes there was no harm in ______ (put) off some work until another day.他还说,有时把一些工作推到以后去做并没有什么害处。 After ①______ while, a group of women came along, each ②______ (balance) a pot of water on her head. One woman tripped ③______ the stone and her water pot went ④______ (crash) to the ground. She picked herself ⑤______ and limped away ⑥______ tears. Neither she ⑦______ her friends thought about ⑧______ (move) the stone out of the road. 答案:①a　②balancing　③over　④crashing　⑤up　⑥in　⑦nor　⑧moving 教材优美片段再练背  10.短语1carry sb. through 帮助某人渡过难关 carry sth. through成功完成某事 carry out实施;履行;贯彻 carry on doing sth.继续做某事 carry on (with) sth.继续 carry off赢得;获得 get carried away变得激动 ①Despite the failure of the test, she believed her determination and hard work would carry her ______ tough times.尽管考试失败了,她相信她的决心和努力会帮助她渡过难关。(续写主旨升华) ②He rose to his feet on shaky legs, and carried ______ walking slowly down the road.他双腿颤抖地站了起来,继续沿路慢慢地走着。(续写动作描写) ③The crowd were carried away by his passionate speech.他那充满激情的演讲让人们兴奋不已。 短语2pick oneself up (跌倒后)站起来 (picky adj. 挑剔的) 1)pick up捡起/拿起/取/学会/染上/接收 pick sb. up去接某人;救某人 sth. (economy、situation、life、health等) pick up (经济、情况、生活、健康等)好转 2)pick sb./sth. out挑选某人/某物 pick sb./sb.’s voice out认出某人/分辨出某人的嗓音 ①Though he tripped over within the first few kilometers, it didn’t take long before he picked himself up again and continued running.虽然他在开始的几公里内被绊倒了,但他很快就又站了起来,继续跑。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) ②I picked out Alice’s voice from among the general conversation.我从众多人的说话声中听出了爱丽丝的声音。 12.句式1“否定词+比较级”表最高级含义 To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust ...对一个人而言,生命最珍贵。如果他们把生命托付给我,我怎么拒绝这种信任呢…… 1)“否定词+比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody等。 2)含否定词,表最高级意义的其他表达: ①否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as ②否定词+形容词/副词比较级+than ③have/had never/not+v.-ed+such+形容词原级+名词 ①Nothing can bring ______ joy and happiness than reading those masterpieces created by great figures.读那些伟大人物创作的杰作最幸福快乐了。(演讲稿) ②Hard though it is, there is nothing as valuable ______ the sense of achievement you get from challenging yourself.虽然困难重重,没有什么比通过挑战自己所获得的成就感更有价值的了。(续写主旨升华) 13.句式2see意为“见证”的拟人用法 The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.中华人民共和国成立后,林巧稚医生发挥了主要的作用。 1)see意为“见证,目睹,经历”时,常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语,表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。 2)与see用法相同的动词有find、witness、say、experience等,这些词在句中作谓语,且用物作主语时,表示一种拟人的手法,增添语言色彩,使表达更形象。 ①Last week ______ (see) a field trip to the park to get us students to know more about the local environment protection.上周,为了让学生们更多地了解当地的环保状况,我们去公园进行了研学。(报道) ②The track witnessed David ______ (participate) to the best of his ability in the race.这条跑道见证了大卫尽其所能参与比赛。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) 句式3see+宾语+宾补 At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.有时人们甚至看到她骑着驴去遥远的村庄提供医疗服务。 1)see+宾语+doing (主动的正在进行的动作)看见……在做 see+宾语+do (动作的全过程)看见……做了 see+宾语+done (已经完成的或者是被动的动作)看见……被…… 2)能用于该结构的动词(短语)还有watch、hear、notice、listen to、observe、feel等。 ①The bear ______ (see) running into the forest and I seized the chance to take a photo of him.熊跑进了森林,我抓住机会给它拍了张照片。(浙江卷续写) ②Harry heard her walking toward the kitchen and then the sound of the frying pan being put on the stove.哈利听见她朝着厨房走过去,接着就是煎锅放到炉子上的声音。 句式4独立主格结构 (用于续写中,吸睛) After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head.过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。 1)用法:独立主格结构在句中作状语,修饰谓语或整个句子,可置于句首、句中或句尾,用逗号与句子隔开。表时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的或结果等。 2)结构: 名词/代词+doing (主动,进行) 名词/代词+done (被动,完成) 名词/代词+to do (未发生的动作) 名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语 ①He sobbed, his face in his hands.他用手捂着脸哭泣。 ②It was sitting as still as a statue, its eyes fixed unblinkingly on the corner.它宛如一座雕像,纹丝不动,目不转睛地盯着街角。 ③I clutched the trophy and certificate, my heart ______ (race) with excitement.我抓着奖杯和证书,心激动得怦怦跳。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷续写动作和情感描写) 答案:1.①a/the　②by/with　2.①to　②without　3.①appointed　②as　4.①scared　②scary　③of　5.①as　②be replaced　6.②a　7.②With　8.②burst into tears　③to/into　9.②meant no harm　③putting　10.①through　②on 12.①more　②as　13.①saw　②participating　14.①was seen　15.③racing 　提分背案3　续写素材 场景练背 ——情感细节描写之“不安”和“绝望” 形容词/副词 helpless, hopeless, desperate, uneasy 名词 helplessness, hopelessness, desperation, despair, uneasiness 眼睛 ①look in despair绝望地看着; ②watch helplessly无助地/眼睁睁地看着; ③give sb. a look of desperation绝望地看了某人一眼; ④a look of desperation绝望的眼神 声音/哭泣 ①utter a cry of despair发出绝望的叫声; ②hear the despair in one’s voice听出某人声音中的绝望; ③sigh with despair绝望地叹气; ④despair choked one’s words绝望得说不出话来; ⑤erupt into desperate sobs绝望地啜泣; ⑥a note of desperation in one’s voice话音中带着一种绝望的语气 其他 ①a sense/feeling of hopelessness/helplessness绝望/无力感; ②in despair绝望地; ③abandon oneself to despair/fall into despair陷入绝望; ④feel uneasy觉得不安; ⑤in desperation绝望地; ⑥throw sb. into desperation使某人陷入绝望 用表“不安”和“绝望”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景25 | “脱险” 主题下的“不安”和“绝望” We had no phone signal, and the highway was 900 feet above us. All we could do was yell for help, and a seemingly great distance seemed to separate us from potential rescuers. Our voices echoed through the valley, the despair ①______ (mount) in every shout that escaped our lips. As the minutes turned into hours, ②______________ (我们既害怕又绝望,无灵主语句) and we couldn’t help but wonder if anyone would ever hear us. Worse still, fog began creeping into the valley. Everything was swallowed by darkness, ③________________________________ (使我们更加无助,分词短语作状语). 微场景26 | “挑战自我”主题下的“不安”和“绝望” ④______________ (房间里弥漫着一种令人不安的寂静,settle,无灵主语句). ⑤________________________________ (医生的话让我陷入了极大的绝望). I tried to blink back my tears, but they rolled down my face, and suddenly they were joined by other drops ... and more drops ... and more. My family comforted me that I would be OK. Wiping away my tears, I knew the tears were still frozen inside my heart. 答案:①mounting　②fear and desperation overwhelmed us　③leaving us even more helpless　④An uneasy silence settled over the room　⑤The doctor’s words threw me into great desperation 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$nullnullnullnull