精品解析：山东省威海市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

高 一 英 语 本试卷共10页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考生号等填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the woman do tomorrow? A. Donate for the charity. B. Go on a charity walk. C. Visit the flood victims. 2. How much is the telephone bill this month? A. $30. B. $100. C. $130. 3. What will the speakers probably do next? A. Turn off the fan. B. Leave the office. C. Set off the alarm. 4. Where does the conversation take place? A. At a restaurant. B. In a hospital. C. Over the phone. 5. Why did the man work at the charity at first? A. To help the homeless. B. To do a college project. C. To get work experience. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。 6. How long has the man been in pain? A. For five days. B. For one week. C. For two weeks. 7. Who suggested the medicine to the man? A. His friend. B. His doctor. C. His coach. 听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9题。 8 Where are the speakers now? A. In a café. B. In an office. C. In a classroom. 9. What does Jim do? A. He is a lawyer. B. He is a teacher. C. He is an engineer. 听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。 10. Who began to work after graduation? A. The woman’s brother. B. The woman’s mother. C. The woman’s father. 11. Where does the woman want to work? A. At a junior school. B. At a senior school. C. At a university. 12. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Make a list of her options. B. Ask her teacher for advice. C. Try to change her father’s mind. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。 13. Where was the woman when the man saw her? A On the highway. B. In the travel agency. C. On the street. 14. Why didn’t the woman book online? A. To help her sister. B. To save some money. C. To get more information. 15. What is the woman’s main concern about her trip? A. The long flight. B. The hotel quality. C. The food in Thailand. 16. What does the man offer to do for the woman? A. Take care of her cats. B. Buy her a gift. C. Water her plants. 听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。 17. What season is it? A. Summer. B. Fall. C. Winter. 18. What will the class do this afternoon? A. Visit the Sea Life Center. B. Practice math and spelling. C. Learn about their science topic. 19. How much will each student pay for the trip? A. £5.00. B. £10.00. C. £20.00. 20. What is the talk mainly about? A. A notice about a school trip. B. An introduction to a new lesson. C. A presentation about sea pollution. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Horses have always held a special place in the hearts of many famous artists. Let’s explore some of the most well-known paintings of horses by famous artists. Chinese Horse at Lascaux Cave This Chinese Horse painting was first discovered in 1940 at the prehistoric cave art sites, Lascaux, in France. The painting earned its name for looking like the style of a Sung Chinese painting of a horse. Early artists created their own paintbrushes from animal skin and hair and also employed a spray (喷洒) painting technique using a hollow (空心的) reed to blow pigment through. Whistlejacket Whistlejacket depicts a life-sized racehorse against a plain background. One of the most unique features of this painting is that it does not situate the horse in any particular location. Rather, it focuses only on the details and character of the horse in question. In a way, Stubbs captures the spirit of the horse that suggests freedom of spirit, not tied to any background or environment, which makes this horse painting quite special for its time. Horse Frightened by Lightning In Horse Frightened by Lightning, a white horse is frightened by the lightning, standing on its hind legs in a storm. The daring color choices and detailed brushwork captures the reaction of the animal with care, showing panic and terror. The unpleasant weather is highlighted by the strong contrast created between the horse and the dark black and gray clouds that cover the entire sky. The symbolism found in most Romantic horse paintings includes themes of passion, power, nobility, and intense emotion. 1. What do we know about Chinese Horse? A. It employed colors daringly. B. It was painted on animal skins. C. It was a Sung Chinese painting. D. It used a spray painting approach. 2. What theme is commonly found in Romantic horse paintings? A. Freedom of spirit. B. Strong emotion. C. Connection with animals. D. Power of nature. 3. Where might the text be taken from? A. An art magazine article. B. An art festival guide. C. An art exhibition poster. D. An art history lecture. B While West Africa’s Benin approaches its rainy season, occasional showers and sticky hot weather have done little to lessen the enthusiasm of local villagers who gathered to watch the first Benin Village Super League. Soccer teams from two villages in Parakou, a central city in Benin, competed on a soccer field near the base of the Chinese support mission for cotton production in Benin, in Belle Cite Village. For the past decade, the China-assisted cotton technology project has been active in Parakou, a major cotton-producing region in Benin. The long-term technical assistance has built strong relationships with villagers. When the project team learned that the former soccer field had been expropriated (征用), they decided to build a new one using agricultural machinery and recycled materials. Last summer, videos of some soccer matches in Rongjiang county, Southwest China’s Guizhou province, went popular and attracted worldwide tourists. Inspired by this, the Village Super League in Parakou includes cultural performances during halftime, featuring Chinese martial arts and Beninese dance. “Locals love soccer and I wanted to bring this model here and set up a similar league,” said Shou Xiaoyong, head of the Chinese technical team. Named the Friendship Football Field, the new facility was opened in March last year. It quickly became the preferred place for soccer among villagers in Belle Cite and nearby areas, hosting regular matches, especially during agricultural downtimes. As the tournament progressed, its popularity rose. Villagers from surrounding areas traveled on motorcycles with their children to watch the matches. Yves Koba, the head of Belle Cite Village, praised the Village Super League for promoting (促进) communication and friendship among villages. “The league has made us more united. I hope it continues and that our villagers achieve even better results next year.” 4. What has caused excitement among the villagers in Parakou? A. The first village league. B. The China-assisted project. C. The newly-built football field. D. The start of the harvest season. 5. For what reason was the Friendship Football Field built? A. To attract worldwide tourists. B. To provide a place for soccer lovers. C. To inspire locals’ love for soccer. D. To bring Chinese culture into focus. 6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. How popular football is in Benin. B. How the new football field was built. C. What Benin Village Super League is like. D. Why Chinese village league model was introduced. 7. What does Yves Koba think of the Village Super League in Benin? A. It brings in huge money. B. It promotes cross-cultural exchanges. C. It forms a new tradition. D. It strengthens friendship among villages. C Every year travelers head to South America to be amazed at the vast glaciers, huge open skies and high mountains. But at Omora Ethnobotanical Park on Tierra del Fuego, visitors are encouraged to think small. Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found. On entering the park, you’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, you are invited to get down on your hands and knees to explore the little-known world of Tierra del Fuego’s “miniature forests” — the bryophytes that cover the rocks and trees. Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them. I wondered how interesting mosses could be. But when I got up close, they started to come to life. Shapes and colours appeared that were not visible to the naked eye. One plant was bright yellow, while another was green with a bright red tip like a little hat. One of the strangest plants is Old Man’s Beard, which looks like thin noodles and hangs off the trees in webs. According to my guide Lily Lewis, it plays an important role in the growth of the forest, capturing nutrients (营养) and salts blown in on the ocean wind. Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet. But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly. “The hand lens is your entry point into the world of the miniature forests,” Lewis said. “Looking through a lens reminds you that there are other viewpoints from which we can see the world.” 8. Which title best describes Tierra del Fuego? A. A wonderland for tiny plants. B. A unique place for rare species. C. A top destination for hiking lovers. D. A remote land with different landscapes. 9. What quality is highly valued while exploring Omora Ethnobotanical Park? A. Curiosity and creativity. B. Quickness and confidence. C. Calmness and attentiveness. D. Determination and courage. 10. Which can best replace the underlined word “vulnerable”? A. Sensitive. B. Adaptable. C. Beneficial. D. Resistant. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Eco-tourism in Tierra del Fuego B. An Encounter with Old Man’s Beard C. A Tiny Forest on the Tip of the World D. Start Your Journey of Discovery, Now! D The time for action is now, at least when it comes to climate change. If we don’t take measures that limit global warming, it may be impossible to stop its progress, according to a study published in 2018. The study claims that in 2035, we will cross a point of no return — after which it will be extremely unlikely that we can stop Earth’s temperature from rising by 2 degrees Celsius (2℃) and kicking off dangerous global disasters. The 2℃ mark is very important for Earth’s well-being. Once the planet warms an additional 2℃, scientists predict a range of disastrous effects, from widespread flooding in coastal areas to burning heat waves and extreme storms. One important area that could slow the movement toward a point of no return in 2035 is the changing from fossil fuels (矿物燃料) to renewable energy sources. But even this will require significant progress. Scientists have figured that the share of renewables worldwide must grow by at least 2 percent each year in order to slow the process toward climate change. Two percent a year may not sound like much, but in the 20 years leading up to 2017, the percentage of energy from renewables grew by a poor total of 3.6 percent. There is hope, though. If the use of renewable energy were to go beyond the scientists’ model, say by 5 percent per each year, the climate change deadline (最后期限) could move back by at least a decade, the researchers note. Also, developing technology to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere could help slow climate change. These gases change Earth’s atmosphere and allow it to capture more heat from the sun and cause temperatures to rise. “We hope that ‘having a deadline’ may stimulate the sense of urgency to act for policy makers,” Henk Dijkstra, one of the study authors, said. “Very little time is left.” 12. What might happen once the Earth warms an additional 2℃? A. The climate system will be rebuilt. B Global warming is uncontrollable. C. Natural disasters become unavoidable. D. Timely action will no longer be necessary. 13. What does the underlined “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. The advances of scientific research. B. The shift from fossil fuels to renewables. C. The process of slowing down climate change. D. The increase of public environmental awareness. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The limitation of scientists’ model. B. Possible solutions to slowing climate change. C. The value of the ‘point of no return’ concept. D. Serious effects of greenhouse gases on Earth. 15. Why do the researchers set a deadline? A. To stress the need of global cooperation. B. To call on people to use renewable energy. C. To urge policy makers to take immediate action. D. To show their determination to stop global warming. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I would feel ashamed every time I receive a new package (包裹) on my doorstep. I know that buying new stuff is bad for the planet. But every time I buy something, I get some happiness that’s hard to give up. Recently a new book has given me new insights: ____16____ It’s the way our brains have evolved (进化). And there may be a way to break the cycle.We are evolved from simple organisms that survived because their networks of nerve cells learned to repeat rewarding (有益的) decisions. Today, we have billions of action cells in the brain. They are always forming connections to strengthen rewarding behavior. ____17____ We seek out those releases in dopamine, and at the same time repeat the actions that lead to them. ____18____ Maybe you weren’t even thinking about buying watercolor paints. Then something reminded that you like painting, and you searched online and found they were less expensive than you expected. When they arrived on your doorstep, they were better than you thought. Your brain will be drawn to repeat the behavior that got you something unexpected and good. The best way to break the overbuying habits is not to stop buying things completely. ____19____ Imagine you’ve formed a habit of eating chocolate before bed for comfort, even though you know you don’t need the calories. You can try having milk with cocoa powder as a healthier replacement, which provides similar comfort. Once you start losing weight, the reward of being able to fit into your old clothes will feel as good as the chocolate once does. ____20____ Buying used items satisfies our desire to acquire. It gives us the same good feeling of an unexpected reward without consuming more resources. A. We need that same replacement for shopping. B. Whether that approach would work is up for debate. C. Our brains especially like it, and release more dopamine. D. My desire to keep buying things isn’t necessarily a personal fault. E. In this process, dopamine is released, helping us learn how to obtain a reward. F. The good feeling connected to unexpected rewards is partly why we like shopping. G. A better solution may be to replace the old, long-term harmful rewards with new ones. 第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分35分） 第一节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） Gitanjali Rao is a sophomore (大二学生) and also an inventor. In her short life she has used scientific creativity to ____21____ many real-world problems. Since Gitanjali was in 3rd grade, she has tried to address big social problems with her ____22____. It was then that she learned about lead-polluted water, and the terrible impact it has on children’s ____23____. After lots of research, she managed to design a device that attaches to a mobile phone and can immediately identify ____24____ in water. Gitanjali’s love of real-world problem solving did not ____25____ there, however. Since then, she has also invented an app to help prevent cyberbullying. And an early warning system to catch drug addiction in young adults. Building on her experience, Gitanjali wants to ____26____ others to use science and tech to solve big problems. “I don’t look like your ____27____ scientist. Everything I see on TV is that it’s usually an older man as a scientist,” she said. “My goal has really shifted from ____28____ my own devices to solve problems to inspiring others to do the same as well. Because, from personal experience, it’s not ____29____ when you don’t see anyone else like you. So I really want to put out that ____30____: “If I can do it, you can do it, and anyone can do it.” 21. A. meet with B. focus on C. learn from D. deal with 22. A. projects B. teams C. talents D. plans 23. A. health B. education C. creativity D. behavior 24. A. lead B. drugs C. microplastic D. minerals 25. A. lie B. end C. work D. reach 26. A. teach B. inspire C. advise D. remind 27. A. successful B. serious C. modern D. typical 28. A. fixing B. testing C. creating D. using 29. A. fun B. easy C. helpful D. comfortable 30. A. message B. challenge C. theory D. summary 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese shadow puppetry (皮影戏) is probably one of the most ancient arts using light and shadow. Generally, shadow puppetry is a ____31____ (combine) of various art forms involving painting, carving, music, opera performance and story-telling. Dating back to the Han Dynasty, shadow puppetry reached its golden age in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, it ____32____ (perform) in almost every province, and at various celebrations, ranging ____33____ weddings to festival celebrations. It is not an easy job to make the puppets (木偶) ____34____ (use) in performances. Most of them are made of leathers, ____35____ must be carefully selected and repeatedly polished and processed before they are ready for carving the puppets. When the leathers become transparent, fine and smooth enough, the artists would paint the characters on them, and then carve them out with tools. The body parts of the puppets are separately cut out and joined together, so that they could have as much as 24 movable joints (关节). Performers hold them with sticks connected to ____36____ (they) most important joints during the performances, so that the puppets could be shown as “____37____ (move) images” on the screens. With ____38____ rise of various forms of entertainment, shadow puppetry has been losing its shine. However, local artists across China ____39____ (explore) ways to help it survive. In 2011, Chinese shadow puppetry was added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list, thus ____40____ (breathe) new life into the ancient art form. 第三节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 请根据汉语意思及首字母将单词的完整形式写在答题卡上。 41. My heart s______ (下沉) when I heard the bad news.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 42. The animal was a f______ (经常性的) subject for artists. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 43. Electricity was c_______ (传导) through string to the key. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 44. The teacher said nothing, m______ (仅仅) smiled and watched her. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 45. More people want to protect sharks from e______ (灭绝) nowadays. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 46. Perhaps your friends want some f______ (坦诚的) comments from you. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 47. A punch line c______ (结束) a joke and is intended to make people laugh. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 48. Digging wells is a good way to solve the problem of water s______ (短缺). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 49. Going down onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s e______ (喷发). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 50. He performed beyond everyone’s e______ (预料，预期) with his continuous efforts. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 （满分20分） 51. 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇80词左右的内容概要。 A new study has found that traffic noise pollution holds back growth in baby birds, even while inside the egg. Unhatched (未孵化的) birds and newborn chicks that are exposed (暴露) to noise from city traffic suffer from long-term negative effects on their health, growth and reproduction (繁殖). “Sound has a much stronger and more direct impact on bird development than we knew before,” said Dr Mylene Mariette, a bird communication expert and a co-author of the study. “It would be wise to work more to reduce noise pollution.” Previous research has suggested that noise pollution causes stress to birds and makes communication harder for them. However, it is still unclear whether birds are stressed by noise at a young age or even before hatched. Mariette’s team exposed bird eggs for five days to either silence, calming recordings of bird songs, or recordings of city traffic noises such as loud motors and cars driving past. They did the same with newborn chicks for about four hours a night for up to 13 nights. They noticed that the bird eggs were almost 20% less likely to hatch if exposed to traffic noise. The chicks that did hatch were more than 10% smaller and almost 15% lighter than the others. When the team examined their red blood cells and their telomeres — a piece of DNA that shortens with stress and age — they were more weakened and shorter than birds that were not exposed to noise. The effects continued even after the chicks were no longer exposed to noise pollution, and carried over into their reproductive age four years later. The birds disturbed by noise during the early stages of their lives produced fewer than half as many offspring (后代) as those that were not exposed to noise. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 （满分25分） 52. 假定你是李华，上周你组建某志愿团队，并成功开展相关志愿活动，请你在英语课上分享这次经历，内容包括： 1. 克服的困难； 2. 你的感受。 注意： 1. 词数100左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Last week, we set up a volunteer group, aimed at... ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1~5 BCBCC 6~10 CABAA 11~15 CCBAA 16~20 ABBBB 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高 一 英 语 本试卷共10页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考生号等填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1 What will the woman do tomorrow? A. Donate for the charity. B. Go on a charity walk. C. Visit the flood victims. 2. How much is the telephone bill this month? A. $30. B. $100. C. $130. 3. What will the speakers probably do next? A. Turn off the fan. B. Leave the office. C. Set off the alarm. 4. Where does the conversation take place? A. At a restaurant. B. In a hospital. C. Over the phone. 5. Why did the man work at the charity at first? A. To help the homeless. B. To do a college project. C. To get work experience. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。 6. How long has the man been in pain? A. For five days. B. For one week. C. For two weeks. 7. Who suggested the medicine to the man? A. His friend. B. His doctor. C. His coach. 听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9题。 8. Where are the speakers now? A. In a café. B. In an office. C. In a classroom. 9. What does Jim do? A. He is a lawyer. B. He is a teacher. C. He is an engineer. 听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。 10. Who began to work after graduation? A. The woman’s brother. B. The woman’s mother. C. The woman’s father. 11. Where does the woman want to work? A. At a junior school. B. At a senior school. C. At a university. 12. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Make a list of her options. B. Ask her teacher for advice. C. Try to change her father’s mind. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。 13. Where was the woman when the man saw her? A. On the highway. B. In the travel agency. C. On the street. 14. Why didn’t the woman book online? A. To help her sister. B. To save some money. C. To get more information. 15. What is the woman’s main concern about her trip? A. The long flight. B. The hotel quality. C. The food in Thailand. 16. What does the man offer to do for the woman? A. Take care of her cats. B. Buy her a gift. C. Water her plants. 听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。 17. What season is it? A. Summer. B. Fall. C. Winter. 18. What will the class do this afternoon? A. Visit the Sea Life Center. B. Practice math and spelling. C. Learn about their science topic. 19. How much will each student pay for the trip? A. £5.00. B. £10.00. C. £20.00. 20. What is the talk mainly about? A. A notice about a school trip. B. An introduction to a new lesson. C. A presentation about sea pollution. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Horses have always held a special place in the hearts of many famous artists. Let’s explore some of the most well-known paintings of horses by famous artists. Chinese Horse at Lascaux Cave This Chinese Horse painting was first discovered in 1940 at the prehistoric cave art sites, Lascaux, in France. The painting earned its name for looking like the style of a Sung Chinese painting of a horse. Early artists created their own paintbrushes from animal skin and hair and also employed a spray (喷洒) painting technique using a hollow (空心的) reed to blow pigment through. Whistlejacket Whistlejacket depicts a life-sized racehorse against a plain background. One of the most unique features of this painting is that it does not situate the horse in any particular location. Rather, it focuses only on the details and character of the horse in question. In a way, Stubbs captures the spirit of the horse that suggests freedom of spirit, not tied to any background or environment, which makes this horse painting quite special for its time. Horse Frightened by Lightning In Horse Frightened by Lightning, a white horse is frightened by the lightning, standing on its hind legs in a storm. The daring color choices and detailed brushwork captures the reaction of the animal with care, showing panic and terror. The unpleasant weather is highlighted by the strong contrast created between the horse and the dark black and gray clouds that cover the entire sky. The symbolism found in most Romantic horse paintings includes themes of passion, power, nobility, and intense emotion. 1. What do we know about Chinese Horse? A. It employed colors daringly. B. It was painted on animal skins. C. It was a Sung Chinese painting. D. It used a spray painting approach. 2. What theme is commonly found in Romantic horse paintings? A. Freedom of spirit. B. Strong emotion. C. Connection with animals. D. Power of nature. 3. Where might the text be taken from? A. An art magazine article. B. An art festival guide. C. An art exhibition poster. D. An art history lecture. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了马在许多著名艺术家的心中一直占有特殊的地位，文章重点介绍了一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Chinese Horse at Lascaux Cave中“Early artists created their own paintbrushes from animal skin and hair and also employed a spray (喷洒) painting technique using a hollow (空心的) reed to blow pigment through.”（早期的艺术家们用动物的皮肤和毛发制作了他们自己的画笔，也采用了一种用中空芦苇吹颜料的喷洒绘画技术。）可知，中国马画使用了一种喷洒的方法。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Horse Frightened by Lightning中“The symbolism found in most Romantic horse paintings includes themes of passion, power, nobility, and intense emotion.”（在大多数浪漫主义的马画中发现的象征主义包括激情、权力、高贵和强烈的情感。）可知，浪漫主义马画中常见的主题是强烈的情感。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Horses have always held a special place in the hearts of many famous artists. Let’s explore some of the most well-known paintings of horses by famous artists.”（马在许多著名艺术家的心中一直占有特殊的地位。让我们来探索一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。）可知，文章主要讲的是一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。由此可推知，这篇文章可能出自一篇艺术杂志文章。故选A项。 B While West Africa’s Benin approaches its rainy season, occasional showers and sticky hot weather have done little to lessen the enthusiasm of local villagers who gathered to watch the first Benin Village Super League. Soccer teams from two villages in Parakou, a central city in Benin, competed on a soccer field near the base of the Chinese support mission for cotton production in Benin, in Belle Cite Village. For the past decade, the China-assisted cotton technology project has been active in Parakou, a major cotton-producing region in Benin. The long-term technical assistance has built strong relationships with villagers. When the project team learned that the former soccer field had been expropriated (征用), they decided to build a new one using agricultural machinery and recycled materials. Last summer, videos of some soccer matches in Rongjiang county, Southwest China’s Guizhou province, went popular and attracted worldwide tourists. Inspired by this, the Village Super League in Parakou includes cultural performances during halftime, featuring Chinese martial arts and Beninese dance. “Locals love soccer and I wanted to bring this model here and set up a similar league,” said Shou Xiaoyong, head of the Chinese technical team. Named the Friendship Football Field, the new facility was opened in March last year. It quickly became the preferred place for soccer among villagers in Belle Cite and nearby areas, hosting regular matches, especially during agricultural downtimes. As the tournament progressed, its popularity rose. Villagers from surrounding areas traveled on motorcycles with their children to watch the matches. Yves Koba, the head of Belle Cite Village, praised the Village Super League for promoting (促进) communication and friendship among villages. “The league has made us more united. I hope it continues and that our villagers achieve even better results next year.” 4. What has caused excitement among the villagers in Parakou? A. The first village league. B. The China-assisted project. C. The newly-built football field. D. The start of the harvest season. 5. For what reason was the Friendship Football Field built? A. To attract worldwide tourists. B. To provide a place for soccer lovers. C. To inspire locals’ love for soccer. D. To bring Chinese culture into focus. 6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. How popular football is in Benin. B. How the new football field was built. C. What Benin Village Super League is like. D. Why Chinese village league model was introduced. 7. What does Yves Koba think of the Village Super League in Benin? A. It brings in huge money. B. It promotes cross-cultural exchanges. C. It forms a new tradition. D. It strengthens friendship among villages. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在中国援助下，贝宁的一个村庄如何通过足球联赛加强社区凝聚力和文化交流的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“While West Africa’s Benin approaches its rainy season, occasional showers and sticky hot weather have done little to lessen the enthusiasm of local villagers who gathered to watch the first Benin Village Super League.(虽然西非的贝宁即将进入雨季，但偶尔的阵雨和闷热的天气丝毫没有影响聚集在一起观看第一届贝宁乡村超级联赛的当地村民的热情)”可知，第一届乡村联赛让帕拉库的村民感到兴奋。故选A项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“ “Locals love soccer and I wanted to bring this model here and set up a similar league,” said Shou Xiaoyong, head of the Chinese technical team.(“当地人热爱足球，我想把这种模式带到这里，建立一个类似的联赛，”中国技术团队负责人首晓勇说)”和第四段“Named the Friendship Football Field, the new facility was opened in March last year. It quickly became the preferred place for soccer among villagers in Belle Cite and nearby areas, hosting regular matches, especially during agricultural downtimes.(这个名为“友谊足球场”的新设施于去年3月投入使用。它很快成为Belle Cite及附近地区村民的首选足球场地，定期举办比赛，特别是在农闲时节。)”可知，建友谊足球场的目的是为足球爱好者提供一个场所。故选B项。 【6题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容“Last summer, videos of some soccer matches in Rongjiang county, Southwest China’s Guizhou province, went popular and attracted worldwide tourists. Inspired by this, the Village Super League in Parakou includes cultural performances during halftime, featuring Chinese martial arts and Beninese dance. “Locals love soccer and I wanted to bring this model here and set up a similar league,” said Shou Xiaoyong, head of the Chinese technical team.(去年夏天，中国西南部贵州省榕江县的一些足球比赛视频变得非常流行，并吸引了来自世界各地的游客。受到这一点的启发，帕拉库的乡村超级联赛在中场休息时加入了文化表演，其中包括中国的武术和贝宁的传统舞蹈。“当地人热爱足球，我想把这种模式带到这里，建立一个类似的联赛，”中国技术团队负责人首晓勇说)”可知，第三段主要是说为什么要引进中国乡村联赛模式。故选D项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Yves Koba, the head of Belle Cite Village, praised the Village Super League for promoting ( 促进 ) communication and friendship among villages. “The league has made us more united. I hope it continues and that our villagers achieve even better results next year.”(Belle Cite村村长伊夫·科巴称赞乡村超级联赛促进了村庄之间的交流和友谊。“联赛让我们更加团结。我希望它能继续下去，我们的村民明年能取得更好的成绩。”)”可知，科巴认为联赛加强了村庄之间的友谊。故选D项。 C Every year, travelers head to South America to be amazed at the vast glaciers, huge open skies and high mountains. But at Omora Ethnobotanical Park on Tierra del Fuego, visitors are encouraged to think small. Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found. On entering the park, you’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, you are invited to get down on your hands and knees to explore the little-known world of Tierra del Fuego’s “miniature forests” — the bryophytes that cover the rocks and trees. Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them. I wondered how interesting mosses could be. But when I got up close, they started to come to life. Shapes and colours appeared that were not visible to the naked eye. One plant was bright yellow, while another was green with a bright red tip like a little hat. One of the strangest plants is Old Man’s Beard, which looks like thin noodles and hangs off the trees in webs. According to my guide Lily Lewis, it plays an important role in the growth of the forest, capturing nutrients (营养) and salts blown in on the ocean wind. Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet. But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly. “The hand lens is your entry point into the world of the miniature forests,” Lewis said. “Looking through a lens reminds you that there are other viewpoints from which we can see the world.” 8. Which title best describes Tierra del Fuego? A. A wonderland for tiny plants. B. A unique place for rare species. C. A top destination for hiking lovers. D. A remote land with different landscapes. 9. What quality is highly valued while exploring Omora Ethnobotanical Park? A. Curiosity and creativity. B. Quickness and confidence. C. Calmness and attentiveness. D. Determination and courage. 10. Which can best replace the underlined word “vulnerable”? A. Sensitive. B. Adaptable. C. Beneficial. D. Resistant. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Eco-tourism in Tierra del Fuego B. An Encounter with Old Man’s Beard C. A Tiny Forest on the Tip of the World D. Start Your Journey of Discovery, Now! 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园里的苔藓植物组成了一个微型森林世界。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found.(火地岛是南美洲的一个偏远岛屿，在动物和树木方面可能很少，但说到苔藓植物，它是地球上最丰富的角落之一。在地球陆地面积不到0.01%的地区，发现了世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种)”可知，火地岛虽小，但拥有世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种，“火地岛是小植物的仙境”适合做标题。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them.(集中注意力是关键：当你蹑手蹑脚地穿过公园时，很容易错过甚至踩到它们)”可知，在探索奥莫拉民族植物公园时，冷静和专注是最重要的。故选C。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly.(但在火地岛，那里的空气和雨水是地球上最干净的，它疯狂地生长)”以及划线词句“Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet.(Old Man’s Beard对污染极其vulnerable，几乎在地球的大部分地区都消失了)”可知，火地岛环境非常好，Old Man’s Beard在火地岛生长得很好，说明对污染很敏感，在地球上的大部分地区几乎都消失了。故划线词意思是“敏感的”。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“On entering the park, you’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, you are invited to get down on your hands and knees to explore the little-known world of Tierra del Fuego’s “miniature forests” — the bryophytes that cover the rocks and trees.(一进入公园，你就会得到一个放大镜。在植物专家的指导下，您将被邀请跪下来探索火地岛鲜为人知的“微型森林”世界——覆盖在岩石和树木上的苔藓植物)”结合文章主要介绍了火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园里的苔藓植物组成了一个微型森林世界。可知，C选项“世界之巅的小森林”最符合文章标题。故选C。 D The time for action is now, at least when it comes to climate change. If we don’t take measures that limit global warming, it may be impossible to stop its progress, according to a study published in 2018. The study claims that in 2035, we will cross a point of no return — after which it will be extremely unlikely that we can stop Earth’s temperature from rising by 2 degrees Celsius (2℃) and kicking off dangerous global disasters. The 2℃ mark is very important for Earth’s well-being. Once the planet warms an additional 2℃, scientists predict a range of disastrous effects, from widespread flooding in coastal areas to burning heat waves and extreme storms. One important area that could slow the movement toward a point of no return in 2035 is the changing from fossil fuels (矿物燃料) to renewable energy sources. But even this will require significant progress. Scientists have figured that the share of renewables worldwide must grow by at least 2 percent each year in order to slow the process toward climate change. Two percent a year may not sound like much, but in the 20 years leading up to 2017, the percentage of energy from renewables grew by a poor total of 3.6 percent. There is hope, though. If the use of renewable energy were to go beyond the scientists’ model, say by 5 percent per each year, the climate change deadline (最后期限) could move back by at least a decade, the researchers note. Also, developing technology to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere could help slow climate change. These gases change Earth’s atmosphere and allow it to capture more heat from the sun and cause temperatures to rise. “We hope that ‘having a deadline’ may stimulate the sense of urgency to act for policy makers,” Henk Dijkstra, one of the study authors, said. “Very little time is left.” 12. What might happen once the Earth warms an additional 2℃? A. The climate system will be rebuilt. B. Global warming is uncontrollable. C. Natural disasters become unavoidable. D. Timely action will no longer be necessary. 13. What does the underlined “this” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. The advances of scientific research. B. The shift from fossil fuels to renewables. C. The process of slowing down climate change. D The increase of public environmental awareness. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The limitation of scientists’ model. B. Possible solutions to slowing climate change. C. The value of the ‘point of no return’ concept. D. Serious effects of greenhouse gases on Earth. 15. Why do the researchers set a deadline? A. To stress the need of global cooperation. B. To call on people to use renewable energy. C. To urge policy makers to take immediate action. D. To show their determination to stop global warming. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了全球变暖的发展趋势和即将产生的危害，并敦促决策者要立即采取行动加以应对。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Once the planet warms an additional 2℃, scientists predict a range of disastrous effects, from widespread flooding in coastal areas to burning heat waves and extreme storms.”(科学家们预测，一旦地球温度再升高2摄氏度，就会产生一系列灾难性的影响，从沿海地区的大范围洪水到燃烧的热浪和极端风暴。)可知，一旦地球温度再升高2℃，就很可能无法避免地发生自然灾害。故选C。 【13题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第四段“One important area that could slow the movement toward a point of no return in 2035 is the changing from fossil fuels(矿物燃料) to renewable energy sources.”(一个可能会减缓2035年走向不可逆转的临界点的重要领域，是从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变。)和划线词所在句“But even this will require significant progress.”(但甚至这样也需要取得重大进展。)可知，“this”指的是上句所提到的“the changing from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources(从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变)”，即the shift from fossil fuels to renewables(从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变)。故选B。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“If the use of renewable energy were to go beyond the scientists’ model, say by 5 percent per each year, the climate change deadline (最后期限) could move back by at least a decade, the researchers note. Also, developing technology to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere could help slow climate change.”(研究人员指出，如果可再生能源的使用超过科学家的范例，比如每年增加5%，那么气候变化的最后期限可能会推迟至少十年。此外，开发从大气中去除温室气体的技术也有助于减缓气候变化。)可知，该段主要讲述了可能减缓气候变化的解决方案。故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段研究者Henk Dijkstra的话“We hope that ‘having a deadline’ may stimulate the sense of urgency to act for policy makers,”(我们希望“设定最后期限”可能会激发决策者采取行动的紧迫感)可知，研究者们设定最后期限是为了敦促决策者立即采取行动。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I would feel ashamed every time I receive a new package (包裹) on my doorstep. I know that buying new stuff is bad for the planet. But every time I buy something, I get some happiness that’s hard to give up. Recently a new book has given me new insights: ____16____ It’s the way our brains have evolved (进化). And there may be a way to break the cycle.We are evolved from simple organisms that survived because their networks of nerve cells learned to repeat rewarding (有益的) decisions. Today, we have billions of action cells in the brain. They are always forming connections to strengthen rewarding behavior. ____17____ We seek out those releases in dopamine, and at the same time repeat the actions that lead to them. ____18____ Maybe you weren’t even thinking about buying watercolor paints. Then something reminded that you like painting, and you searched online and found they were less expensive than you expected. When they arrived on your doorstep, they were better than you thought. Your brain will be drawn to repeat the behavior that got you something unexpected and good. The best way to break the overbuying habits is not to stop buying things completely. ____19____ Imagine you’ve formed a habit of eating chocolate before bed for comfort, even though you know you don’t need the calories. You can try having milk with cocoa powder as a healthier replacement, which provides similar comfort. Once you start losing weight, the reward of being able to fit into your old clothes will feel as good as the chocolate once does. ____20____ Buying used items satisfies our desire to acquire. It gives us the same good feeling of an unexpected reward without consuming more resources. A. We need that same replacement for shopping. B. Whether that approach would work is up for debate. C. Our brains especially like it, and release more dopamine. D. My desire to keep buying things isn’t necessarily a personal fault. E. In this process, dopamine is released, helping us learn how to obtain a reward. F. The good feeling connected to unexpected rewards is partly why we like shopping. G. A better solution may be to replace the old, long-term harmful rewards with new ones. 【答案】16. D 17. E 18. F 19. G 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了为什么人类喜欢购物以及如何改掉购物的习惯。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Recently a new book has given me new insights (最近一本新书给了我新的见解)”以及后文“It’s the way our brains have evolved (进化).(这是我们大脑进化的方式)”可知，本句承接上文，说明具体的见解内容。 故D选项“我想不停地买东西并不一定是个人的错”符合语境，故选D。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Today, we have billions of action cells in the brain. They are always forming connections to strengthen rewarding behavior.(今天，我们的大脑中有数十亿的活动细胞。它们总是形成联系来加强奖励行为)”以及后文“We seek out those releases in dopamine, and at the same time repeat the actions that lead to them.(我们寻找多巴胺的释放，同时重复导致它们的行为)”可知，本句承接上文，说明细胞形成联系加强奖励行为会释放多巴胺。故E选项“在这个过程中，多巴胺被释放，帮助我们学习如何获得奖励”符合语境，故选E。 【18题详解】 根据后文“Maybe you weren’t even thinking about buying watercolor paints. Then something reminded that you like painting, and you searched online and found they were less expensive than you expected. When they arrived on your doorstep, they were better than you thought. Your brain will be drawn to repeat the behavior that got you something unexpected and good.(也许你根本没想过买水彩颜料。然后有什么东西提醒你喜欢画画，你在网上搜索，发现它们比你想象的要便宜。当它们来到你家门口时，它们比你想象的要好。你的大脑会被吸引去重复那些给你带来意想不到的好东西的行为)”可知，本段主要分析了喜欢购物是因为可以带来良好的感觉。故F选项“与意外奖励相关的良好感觉是我们喜欢购物的部分原因”符合语境，故选F。 【19题详解】 根据后文“Imagine you’ve formed a habit of eating chocolate before bed for comfort, even though you know you don’t need the calories. You can try having milk with cocoa powder as a healthier replacement, which provides similar comfort. Once you start losing weight, the reward of being able to fit into your old clothes will feel as good as the chocolate once does.(想象一下，你已经养成了睡前吃巧克力的习惯，即使你知道你不需要卡路里。你可以尝试用可可粉代替牛奶，这更健康，也能提供同样的舒适感。一旦你开始减肥，能够穿上旧衣服的奖励就像巧克力曾经给你的感觉一样好)”可知，本段给出的建议是通过新的奖励来代替旧的不好的奖励。故G选项“一个更好的解决办法可能是用新的奖励取代旧的、长期有害的奖励”符合语境，故选G。 【20题详解】 根据后文“Buying used items satisfies our desire to acquire. It gives us the same good feeling of an unexpected reward without consuming more resources.(购买二手物品满足了我们的获得欲望。它让我们在不消耗更多资源的情况下获得意想不到的奖励)”可知，后文提到了购买二手物品来代替购物，故A选项“我们需要同样替代的品来购物”符合语境，故选A。 第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分35分） 第一节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） Gitanjali Rao is a sophomore (大二学生) and also an inventor. In her short life, she has used scientific creativity to ____21____ many real-world problems. Since Gitanjali was in 3rd grade, she has tried to address big social problems with her ____22____. It was then that she learned about lead-polluted water, and the terrible impact it has on children’s ____23____. After lots of research, she managed to design a device that attaches to a mobile phone and can immediately identify ____24____ in water. Gitanjali’s love of real-world problem solving did not ____25____ there, however. Since then, she has also invented an app to help prevent cyberbullying. And an early warning system to catch drug addiction in young adults. Building on her experience, Gitanjali wants to ____26____ others to use science and tech to solve big problems. “I don’t look like your ____27____ scientist. Everything I see on TV is that it’s usually an older man as a scientist,” she said. “My goal has really shifted from ____28____ my own devices to solve problems to inspiring others to do the same as well. Because, from personal experience, it’s not ____29____ when you don’t see anyone else like you. So I really want to put out that ____30____: “If I can do it, you can do it, and anyone can do it.” 21. A. meet with B. focus on C. learn from D. deal with 22. A. projects B. teams C. talents D. plans 23. A. health B. education C. creativity D. behavior 24. A. lead B. drugs C. microplastic D. minerals 25. A. lie B. end C. work D. reach 26. A. teach B. inspire C. advise D. remind 27. A. successful B. serious C. modern D. typical 28. A. fixing B. testing C. creating D. using 29. A. fun B. easy C. helpful D. comfortable 30. A. message B. challenge C. theory D. summary 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了大二学生Gitanjali Rao用自己的发明解决社会问题的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在她短暂的一生中，她运用科学创造力解决了许多现实问题。A. meet with遇见；B. focus on集中注意力于；C. learn from从……中学习；D. deal with处理，解决。结合空后“many real-world problems”以及下文“address big social problems”可知，Gitanjali Rao用创意解决现实问题，故选D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从Gitanjali上三年级以来，她就试图用自己的才能解决重大的社会问题。A. projects项目，工程；B. teams团队；C. talents才能，天赋；D. plans计划。根据上文“she has used scientific creativity”可知，她用科学创意解决问题，即自己的才能，故选C。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，她了解到铅污染的水，以及它对儿童健康的可怕影响。A. health健康；B. education教育；C. creativity创造力；D. behavior行为。根据上文“she learned about lead-polluted water”可知，她了解到铅污染的水，应是对儿童的健康产生影响，故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过大量的研究，她设法设计了一种可以附着在手机上的设备，可以立即识别水中的铅。A. lead铅；B. drugs药物，毒品；C. microplastic微塑料；D. minerals矿物质。根据上文“lead-polluted water”可知，她是要解决铅污染的问题，故她发明的设备可以检测水中的铅，故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，Gitanjali对解决现实问题的热爱并没有就此结束。A. lie平躺，撒谎；B. end结束；C. work工作；D. reach到达。结合下文“Since then, she has also invented an app to help prevent cyberbullying.”可知，她对解决现实问题的热爱并没有就此结束，故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：基于她的经验，Gitanjali希望激励其他人使用科学技术来解决大问题。A. teach教；B. inspire鼓舞，激励；C. advise建议；D. remind提醒。根据下文“inspiring others to do the same as well”可知，她希望激励其他人使用科学技术来解决大问题，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看起来不像典型的科学家。A. successful成功的；B. serious严肃的；C. modern现代的；D. typical典型的。根据下文“Everything I see on TV is that it’s usually an older man as a scientist”可知，科学家通常是年纪较大的人，Gitanjali是一名大二的学生，故看起来不像典型的科学家，故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的目标已经从创造自己的设备来解决问题转变为激励其他人也这样做。A. fixing修理；B. testing测试；C. creating创造；D. using使用。根据上文内容以及文章首句中“an inventor”可知，Gitanjali是一名发明家，故发明、创造设备来解决问题，故选C。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为，从我个人的经验来看，当你看不到和你一样的人时，这并不容易。A. fun有趣的；B. easy容易的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据上文“inspiring others to do the same as well”以及空后“when you don’t see anyone else like you”可知，Gitanjali想要激励其他人也这样做，说明只靠个人发明来解决问题很困难，所以她希望有更多人和她一样，故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我真的很想传达这样的信息：“如果我能做到，你也能做到，任何人都能做到。”A. message信息；B. challenge挑战；C. theory理论；D. summary总结。根据“If I can do it, you can do it, and anyone can do it.”可知，Gitanjali想要向大家传递这样的信息：如果我能做到，你也能做到，任何人都能做到。故选A。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese shadow puppetry (皮影戏) is probably one of the most ancient arts using light and shadow. Generally, shadow puppetry is a ____31____ (combine) of various art forms involving painting, carving, music, opera performance and story-telling. Dating back to the Han Dynasty, shadow puppetry reached its golden age in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, it ____32____ (perform) in almost every province, and at various celebrations, ranging ____33____ weddings to festival celebrations. It is not an easy job to make the puppets (木偶) ____34____ (use) in performances. Most of them are made of leathers, ____35____ must be carefully selected and repeatedly polished and processed before they are ready for carving the puppets. When the leathers become transparent, fine and smooth enough, the artists would paint the characters on them, and then carve them out with tools. The body parts of the puppets are separately cut out and joined together, so that they could have as much as 24 movable joints (关节). Performers hold them with sticks connected to ____36____ (they) most important joints during the performances, so that the puppets could be shown as “____37____ (move) images” on the screens. With ____38____ rise of various forms of entertainment, shadow puppetry has been losing its shine. However, local artists across China ____39____ (explore) ways to help it survive. In 2011, Chinese shadow puppetry was added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list, thus ____40____ (breathe) new life into the ancient art form. 【答案】31. combination 32. was performed 33. from 34. used 35. which 36. their 37. moving 38. the 39. have been exploring 40 breathing 【解析】 【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章主要介绍了中国皮影戏这一古老艺术形式历史、制作过程、表演方式以及当前面临的挑战和保护措施。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：一般来说，皮影戏是涉及绘画、雕刻、音乐、戏剧表演和讲故事的各种艺术形式的结合。空处用名词combination“结合”作表语，结合空前的a可知，用单数形式，作表语。故填combination。 【32题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：当时，它几乎在每个省份和各种庆祝活动中表演，包括婚礼和节日庆典。根据时间状语At that time可知，句子时态用一般过去时，主语it和动词perform“表演”之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was performed。 【33题详解】 考查介词。句意：当时，它几乎在每个省份和各种庆祝活动中表演，包括婚礼和节日庆典。根据句意和句子结构，空处应填介词from，range from...to...表示“范围从……到……”。故填from。 【34题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：制作用于表演的木偶并不是一件容易的事。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且puppets与use“使用”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰名词puppets。故填used。 【35题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：大多数皮影戏木偶是用皮革制成的，这些皮革必须经过精心挑选，并在雕刻木偶之前反复打磨和加工。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是leathers，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【36题详解】 考查代词。句意：在表演过程中，表演者用连接在他们最重要关节上的棍子拿着木偶，这样木偶就可以在屏幕上作为“移动的图像”显示出来。空处应用形容词性物主代词their，修饰most important joints。故填their。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在表演过程中，表演者用连接在他们最重要关节上的棍子拿着木偶，这样木偶就可以在屏幕上作为“移动的图像”显示出来。空处应用形容词moving“移动的”，修饰名词images，作前置定语。故填moving。 38题详解】 考查冠词。句意：随着各种娱乐形式的兴起，皮影戏逐渐失去了光彩。空处应填定冠词the，表示特指。故填the。 【39题详解】 考查时态。句意：然而，中国各地的当地艺术家正在探索帮助它生存的方法。explore“探索”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，句子时态应用现在完成进行时have/has been doing，又因主语artists是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have been exploring。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2011年，中国皮影戏被列入联合国教科文组织的非物质文化遗产名录，从而为这一古老的艺术形式注入了新的活力。breathe new life into“给……注入新的活力”。本句谓语为was added to，此处为非谓语动词，空处应用breathe的现在分词，作结果状语。故填breathing。 第三节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 请根据汉语意思及首字母将单词的完整形式写在答题卡上。 41. My heart s______ (下沉) when I heard the bad news.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】sank##ank 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：当我听到这个坏消息时，我的心一沉。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，表示“下沉”可用动词sink，作句子的谓语动词，根据下文的从句谓语动词heard可知，本句的时态为一般过去时，所以此处用动词的过去式形式sank。故填sank。 42. The animal was a f______ (经常性的) subject for artists. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】frequent##requent 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种动物是艺术家们经常创作的题材。根据中英文提示可知，frequent“经常性的”，形容词，作定语修饰名词subject，故填frequent。 43. Electricity was c_______ (传导) through string to the key. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】conducted##onducted 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：电是通过绳子传导到钥匙上的。根据中英文提示可知，空处应填动词conduct“传导”，句子是一般过去时的被动语态，空处使用过去分词形式，故填conducted。 44. The teacher said nothing, m______ (仅仅) smiled and watched her. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】merely##erely 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：老师什么也没说，仅仅微笑着看着她。根据首字母提示m和汉语提示“仅仅”可知，此处使用副词merely，作状语，修饰动词smiled and watched。故填merely。 45. More people want to protect sharks from e______ (灭绝) nowadays. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】extinction##xtinction 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在越来越多的人想要保护鲨鱼免于灭绝。根据中英文提示可知应用名词extinction“灭绝”，作from的宾语，为不可数名词。故填extinction。 46. Perhaps your friends want some f______ (坦诚的) comments from you. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】frank##rank 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：也许你的朋友们想要你一些坦诚的评论。空处应填形容词frank“坦诚的”，作前置定语，修饰名词comments。故填frank。 47. A punch line c______ (结束) a joke and is intended to make people laugh. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】concludes##oncludes 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：笑话的结尾是一句妙语，目的是让人发笑。根据中英文提示可知应用动词conclude“结束”，作句子的谓语动词，根据后文is可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语A punch line为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填concludes。 48. Digging wells is a good way to solve the problem of water s______ (短缺). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】shortage##hortage 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：打井是解决缺水问题的一个好办法。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空格处应该用名词shortage作介词of的宾语。故填shortage。 49. Going down onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s e______ (喷发). (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】erupting##rupting 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：下到站台上就像跳进一座正在喷发的火山。根据中英文提示可知，erupt“喷发”，动词，从句是现在进行时，空处使用现在分词，故填erupting。 50. He performed beyond everyone’s e______ (预料，预期) with his continuous efforts. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】expectations##xpectations 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他用不断的努力让他的表现超出了所有人的预期。根据“everyone’s”可知，空处应用名词，作宾语；根据中英文提示，expectation，表示“期待、预期”，为可数名词，这里指超出所有人的预期，故用复数形式。故填expectations。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 （满分20分） 51. 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇80词左右的内容概要。 A new study has found that traffic noise pollution holds back growth in baby birds, even while inside the egg. Unhatched (未孵化的) birds and newborn chicks that are exposed (暴露) to noise from city traffic suffer from long-term negative effects on their health, growth and reproduction (繁殖). “Sound has a much stronger and more direct impact on bird development than we knew before,” said Dr Mylene Mariette, a bird communication expert and a co-author of the study. “It would be wise to work more to reduce noise pollution.” Previous research has suggested that noise pollution causes stress to birds and makes communication harder for them. However, it is still unclear whether birds are stressed by noise at a young age or even before hatched. Mariette’s team exposed bird eggs for five days to either silence, calming recordings of bird songs, or recordings of city traffic noises such as loud motors and cars driving past. They did the same with newborn chicks for about four hours a night for up to 13 nights. They noticed that the bird eggs were almost 20% less likely to hatch if exposed to traffic noise. The chicks that did hatch were more than 10% smaller and almost 15% lighter than the others. When the team examined their red blood cells and their telomeres — a piece of DNA that shortens with stress and age — they were more weakened and shorter than birds that were not exposed to noise. The effects continued even after the chicks were no longer exposed to noise pollution, and carried over into their reproductive age four years later. The birds disturbed by noise during the early stages of their lives produced fewer than half as many offspring (后代) as those that were not exposed to noise. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Possible version： A recent study proves that traffic noise exposure in baby birds directly interferes with their development, which causes severe and long-lasting harm to those chicks. To figure out whether birds are stressed by noise at a young age or even before hatching, researchers exposed bird eggs and hatchlings to silence, bird songs, or traffic noises, and found that exposure to traffic noise reduced hatching success by 20%, and the chicks were smaller, lighter and weaker. Additionally, these negative effects extended to the birds’ reproductive success later in life. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，最近的一项研究证明，雏鸟接触交通噪音会直接干扰它们的发育，对雏鸟造成严重而持久的伤害。为了弄清楚鸟类在幼年甚至在孵化前是否会受到噪音的压力，研究人员将鸟蛋和雏鸟暴露在寂静、鸟鸣或交通噪音中，发现交通噪音使孵化成功率降低了20%，雏鸟更小、更轻、更弱。此外，这些负面影响延伸到鸟类以后的繁殖成功。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①A new study has found that traffic noise pollution holds back growth in baby birds, even while inside the egg. Unhatched (未孵化的) birds and newborn chicks that are exposed (暴露) to noise from city traffic suffer from long-term negative effects on their health, growth and reproduction (繁殖). ②However, it is still unclear whether birds are stressed by noise at a young age or even before hatched. ③Mariette’s team exposed bird eggs for five days to either silence, calming recordings of bird songs, or recordings of city traffic noises such as loud motors and cars driving past. They did the same with newborn chicks for about four hours a night for up to 13 nights. ④They noticed that the bird eggs were almost 20% less likely to hatch if exposed to traffic noise. The chicks that did hatch were more than 10% smaller and almost 15% lighter than the others. ⑤The effects continued even after the chicks were no longer exposed to noise pollution, and carried over into their reproductive age four years later. ⑥The birds disturbed by noise during the early stages of their lives produced fewer than half as many offspring (后代) as those that were not exposed to noise. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行概括总结，5、6两个要点概括总结。 3.遣词造句 A recent study proves that traffic noise exposure in baby birds directly interferes with their development, which causes severe and long-lasting harm to those chicks. To figure out whether birds are stressed by noise at a young age or even before hatching, researchers exposed bird eggs and hatchlings to silence, bird songs, or traffic noises, and found that exposure to traffic noise reduced hatching success by 20%, and the chicks were smaller, lighter and weaker. Additionally, these negative effects extended to the birds’ reproductive success later in life. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A recent study proves that traffic noise exposure in baby birds directly interferes with their development, which causes severe and long-lasting harm to those chicks. (运用that引导宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句对原文第一段进行了概括) [高分句型2] To figure out whether birds are stressed by noise at a young age or even before hatching, researchers exposed bird eggs and hatchlings to silence, bird songs, or traffic noises, and found that exposure to traffic noise reduced hatching success by 20%, and the chicks were smaller, lighter and weaker. (用不定式作目的状语、whether引导的宾语从句和that引导宾语从句对第二段、第三段和第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级) 第二节 （满分25分） 52. 假定你是李华，上周你组建某志愿团队，并成功开展相关志愿活动，请你在英语课上分享这次经历，内容包括： 1. 克服的困难； 2. 你的感受。 注意： 1. 词数100左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Last week, we set up a volunteer group, aimed at... ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Last week, we set up a volunteer group, aimed at helping autistic children with their daily activities and social skills through arts, music therapy, and simple games. One major challenge we faced was recruiting members who were both devoted and available. Many students were interested, but they had conflicting schedules. To resolve this, we held online meetings and reached out to more members. Another challenge was learning how to interact effectively with autistic children. Luckily, we received some special training from local experts. This journey taught me patience, empathy, and the value of community service. It also deepened my understanding of teamwork and leadership, which involve listening, supporting, and sometimes stepping back to let others take the lead. In short, it has been a rewarding experience filled with challenges and growth. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。上周你组建某志愿团队，并成功开展相关志愿活动，要求考生在英语课上分享这次经历。 【详解】1.词汇积累 解决：resolve→deal with 举行：hold→host 有益的：rewarding→beneficial 总之：in short→all in all 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Many students were interested, but they had conflicting schedules. 拓展句：Although many students were interested, they had conflicting schedules. 【点睛】[高分句型1] One major challenge we faced was recruiting members who were both devoted and available. (运用了who引导定语从句) [高分句型2] It also deepened my understanding of teamwork and leadership, which involve listening, supporting, and sometimes stepping back to let others take the lead. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 1~5 BCBCC 6~10 CABAA 11~15 CCBAA 16~20 ABBBB 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$