专题08 动词（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（山东专用）

►专题08 动词用法梳理 考点精讲 考点01 实义动词 动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气三种形式的变化。从含义上分，动词分为实义动词(及物动词和不及物动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。 实义动词又称行为动词,有实在的意义,在句中可独立作谓语,它包括及物动词和不及物动词两种。 1.及物动词后必须带宾语。如: He sent me a new bike.他送给我一辆新自行车。 2.不及物动词不需要带宾语。如: Did she come yesterday?她昨天来了吗? 考点02 连系动词 连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。 1.最常用的连系动词是 be。如: We are in her room.我们在她的房间里。 2.英语的连系动词除be外，还有部分实义动词也可充当连系动词,常见的有以下两类。(1)表示状态:look,appear,seem,feel,remain,keep, continue, prove, sound, smell,taste 等。如: Smoking is bad for us to keep healthy.吸烟对我们保持健康来说是有害的。 His theory sounded reasonable.他的理论听起来合情合理。 (2)表示结果:become，turn，get，grow，go，come，fall，run等。如: He became a teacher.他成了一名老师。 His face turned red with anger.他气得涨红了脸。 Your dream will come true some day.你的梦想某天会实现的。 考点03 助动词 助动词 do，did，have，had，will，would，shall，should 等。助动词本身无意义，不能单独作谓语，其作用是辅助实义动词组成谓语，构成句子的疑问式、否定式以及构成各种时态、语态和语气。如: Do work hard.一定要努力学习。 She doesn't know my mother.她不认识我妈妈。 I have been to Qingdao three times.我已去过青岛三次。 I will take exercise this evening. 今天晚上我要锻炼身体。 考点04 动词短语的分类 1.动词+介词 常见的有 look for,look after,ask for,laugh at,hear of等，这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词后面。如: He was still looking for the blue pen.他还在找那支蓝色的钢笔。 Don’t laugh at others.不要嘲笑别人。 2.动词+副词 常见的有 give up,pick up,think over,find out，hand in等。这类动词短语的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前面，又可放在副词后面;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前面。如: You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.你明天要交作业。 3.动词+副词+介词 常见的有 go on with,catch up with等,这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词后面。如: After a short rest he went on with his research work.短暂休息后,他又继续他的研究工作。 4.动词+名词+介词 常见的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等,这类动词短语宾语只能放在介词后面。如: We should make full use of our time我们应该充分利用时间。 5.动词+形容词 常见的有 leave open,set free,cut open等。这类动词短语的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前面,也可放在后面;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前面。如: The prisoners were set free.囚犯们被释放了。 6.动词十名词 常见的有 take place, make friends 等,这类动词短语用作不及物动词。如： This story took place three years ago.这个故事发生在三年前。 考点05 部分动词的用法比较 1. accept 和 receive accept意为“接受,领受”,表示当事人的态度;receive 意为“收到,接到”,指收、接的动作,表示客观事实。如: Finally we accepted their explanation.最后我们接受了他们的解释。 I received an invitation yesterday,but I didn't accept it.我昨天收到了一份邀请，但我没接受。 2. beat, defeat 和 win beat,defeat表示“战胜(对手)”;win表示“赢得(比赛、项目、战争、名次、奖品等)”。如: We beat/defeated them by the score of 5to3.我们以5:3赢了他们。 He won the first prize in the swimming race.他在游泳比赛中获得了第一名。 3.borrow 和 lend borrow 是“借入”,表示“向……借,从……借”,可以和 from 连用;lend是“借出,借给’可以和to连用。如: -May I borrow your umbrella?我可以借你的雨伞吗? -Sorry,I have lent it to him.不好意思，我已经借给他了。 4. bring,fetch 和 take bring 表示从别处“拿来,带来”,指单程;fetch 表示“去拿来”，指往返双程;take表示走,带走,拿着”。如: When you come next time, bring your sister with you.你下次来的时候,请带上你的妹妹。 She goes to fetch her son from the kindergarten every afternoon她每天下午都要去幼儿园接她的儿子。 Fetch the doctor at once.请马上去叫医生来。 It is going to rain.Take the umbrella with you.要下雨了，带上雨伞。 Father will take his daughter to the zoo.父亲要带女儿去动物园。 5. take， spend,cost和pay 四个词都有“花费”的意思,但要注意它们的用法及介词搭配。 (1)It takes sb.time to do sth.某人花费时间做某事。如: It took me two hours to do my homework.做作业花了我两个小时。 (2)sb.spend time/money doing/on sth.某人花费时间或金钱做某事/在……上花费时间或金钱。如: I spent three yuan on this book.这本书花了我三元钱。 (3)sth.cost sb.money某物花费某人多少钱。如: This book cost me three yuan.这本书花了我三元钱。 (4)sb.pay money for sth.某人付款买某物。如: I paid three yuan for this book.这本书花了我三元钱。 6. put on, have on, wear 和 dress 四个词都表示“穿”的意思，但用法不同。put on 表示动作,不与时间连用;have on 表示状态,不可用于进行时;wear表示状态，指习惯性的动作，be wearing 则指一定时间、地点的穿戴状态;dress 既可表示动作，又可表示状态。dress 作及物动词用时,表示“给……穿衣”,宾语应是人，常用于“dress+sb./oneself”结构中;作不及物动词用时，意为“穿衣”,表示经常性的状态。如: Put on more clothes.It's cold outside.多穿点衣服,外面冷。 He always has on/wears a blue coat.他总是穿一件蓝色外套。 I am wearing a new coat today.我今天穿了一件新外套。 Please dress quickly.请迅速穿好衣服。 7.leave和forget均可表示“遗忘”,其区别为: (1)leave在表示“遗忘”时,通常要与表示地点的状语连用。 如:I've left my wallet at home.我的钱包放在家里忘记带了。 (2)forget在表示“遗忘”时,通常有两种形式。 ①forget to dosth.忘记做某事(未做) 如:We forgot to think of the sick and the homeless.我们忘了顾及那些生病的和无家可归的人。 ②forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事(做了) 如:I forgot doing my homework.我忘了我做过作业了。 重点小练 （1）—______your mother like dancing? —No,she_______.She enjoys singing. A. Are;aren’t B.Do;don’t C.Does;doesn’t D.Is;isn’t （2）This sweater_______so smooth.It’s made in China. A. tastes B.smells C.sounds D.feels （3）Bobby,I have to go swimming now.Please________your little brother at home. A. look like B.look for C.look up D.look after （4）If we travel aboard, we prefer to stay in five-star hotels.That’s because they_____guests with the best service to make them feel at home. A. preview B.prevent C.provide D.produce （5）Every time Jason is late,he’ll ________an excuse.So I wonder what his excuse is this time. A. put up B.set up C.take up D.make up （6）It’s very cold outside.You’d better _______your sweater. A. dress B.put on C.wear D..have on （7）Doctors_______you to have a good rest. A. wish B.hope C.look forward D.suggest （8）To sports payers, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver,but to______. A. take part B.take place C.take notes D.take care （9）It won’t______us so much time to fly to Tianjin from Hangzhou. A. spend B.take C.cost D.pay （10）—What’s the best season to travel in Qingdao? —You’d better_______here in summer. A. come B.comes C.coming D.to come 好题必测 （1）（2020春考）Linda______my help because she wanted to do the work herself. A.received B.replied C.returned D.refused （2）（2020春考）___________the test paper carefully before you hand it in. A. Go on B.Go over C.Go out D.Go down （3）（2016春考）—How long have you _______the book? —Two weeks. A. lent B.kept C.bought D.borrowed （4）—Waiter,there’s a fly swimming in my soup. —So what do you______me to do,call a lifeguard? A. warn B.expect C.invite D.encourage （5）—Have you________to the letter? —No,I haven’t.I’ll read it. A. replied B.answered C.sent D.got （6）Tina is Chinese girl but he________in the UK. A. Looked up B.grew up C.walked up D.ate up （7）Her uncle promised_____to her to see Beijing Opera just now. A. take B.to take C.taking D.took （8）The soup______good.Could I have more? A. smells B.tastes C.taste D.smell （9）Before______to bed,you must brush your teeth. A. goes B.going C.go D.to go （10）—Have you learned Chinese before? —Yes,I ________English for 8 years in my hometown. A. learn B.learned C.am learning D.have learned （11）It’s a good idea______a cup of tea when you are tired. A.drink B.drank C.drunk D.to drink （12）—May I open the door to let in some fresh air? —_________. A. Come on B.Take care C.Hold on D.Go ahead （13）You should give up________. A. smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smokes （14）Would you please _________a message to your sister? A. fetch B.take C.bring D.get （15）How long have you _______this iPad? A.borrowed B.lent C.bought D.kept 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ►专题08 动词用法梳理 考点精讲 考点01 实义动词 动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气三种形式的变化。从含义上分，动词分为实义动词(及物动词和不及物动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。 实义动词又称行为动词,有实在的意义,在句中可独立作谓语,它包括及物动词和不及物动词两种。 1.及物动词后必须带宾语。如: He sent me a new bike.他送给我一辆新自行车。 2.不及物动词不需要带宾语。如: Did she come yesterday?她昨天来了吗? 考点02 连系动词 连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。 1.最常用的连系动词是 be。如: We are in her room.我们在她的房间里。 2.英语的连系动词除be外，还有部分实义动词也可充当连系动词,常见的有以下两类。(1)表示状态:look,appear,seem,feel,remain,keep, continue, prove, sound, smell,taste 等。如: Smoking is bad for us to keep healthy.吸烟对我们保持健康来说是有害的。 His theory sounded reasonable.他的理论听起来合情合理。 (2)表示结果:become，turn，get，grow，go，come，fall，run等。如: He became a teacher.他成了一名老师。 His face turned red with anger.他气得涨红了脸。 Your dream will come true some day.你的梦想某天会实现的。 考点03 助动词 助动词 do，did，have，had，will，would，shall，should 等。助动词本身无意义，不能单独作谓语，其作用是辅助实义动词组成谓语，构成句子的疑问式、否定式以及构成各种时态、语态和语气。如: Do work hard.一定要努力学习。 She doesn't know my mother.她不认识我妈妈。 I have been to Qingdao three times.我已去过青岛三次。 I will take exercise this evening. 今天晚上我要锻炼身体。 考点04 动词短语的分类 1.动词+介词 常见的有 look for,look after,ask for,laugh at,hear of等，这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词后面。如: He was still looking for the blue pen.他还在找那支蓝色的钢笔。 Don’t laugh at others.不要嘲笑别人。 2.动词+副词 常见的有 give up,pick up,think over,find out，hand in等。这类动词短语的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前面，又可放在副词后面;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前面。如: You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.你明天要交作业。 3.动词+副词+介词 常见的有 go on with,catch up with等,这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词后面。如: After a short rest he went on with his research work.短暂休息后,他又继续他的研究工作。 4.动词+名词+介词 常见的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等,这类动词短语宾语只能放在介词后面。如: We should make full use of our time我们应该充分利用时间。 5.动词+形容词 常见的有 leave open,set free,cut open等。这类动词短语的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前面,也可放在后面;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前面。如: The prisoners were set free.囚犯们被释放了。 6.动词十名词 常见的有 take place, make friends 等,这类动词短语用作不及物动词。如： This story took place three years ago.这个故事发生在三年前。 考点05 部分动词的用法比较 1. accept 和 receive accept意为“接受,领受”,表示当事人的态度;receive 意为“收到,接到”,指收、接的动作,表示客观事实。如: Finally we accepted their explanation.最后我们接受了他们的解释。 I received an invitation yesterday,but I didn't accept it.我昨天收到了一份邀请，但我没接受。 2. beat, defeat 和 win beat,defeat表示“战胜(对手)”;win表示“赢得(比赛、项目、战争、名次、奖品等)”。如: We beat/defeated them by the score of 5to3.我们以5:3赢了他们。 He won the first prize in the swimming race.他在游泳比赛中获得了第一名。 3.borrow 和 lend borrow 是“借入”,表示“向……借,从……借”,可以和 from 连用;lend是“借出,借给’可以和to连用。如: -May I borrow your umbrella?我可以借你的雨伞吗? -Sorry,I have lent it to him.不好意思，我已经借给他了。 4. bring,fetch 和 take bring 表示从别处“拿来,带来”,指单程;fetch 表示“去拿来”，指往返双程;take表示走,带走,拿着”。如: When you come next time, bring your sister with you.你下次来的时候,请带上你的妹妹。 She goes to fetch her son from the kindergarten every afternoon她每天下午都要去幼儿园接她的儿子。 Fetch the doctor at once.请马上去叫医生来。 It is going to rain.Take the umbrella with you.要下雨了，带上雨伞。 Father will take his daughter to the zoo.父亲要带女儿去动物园。 5. take， spend,cost和pay 四个词都有“花费”的意思,但要注意它们的用法及介词搭配。 (1)It takes sb.time to do sth.某人花费时间做某事。如: It took me two hours to do my homework.做作业花了我两个小时。 (2)sb.spend time/money doing/on sth.某人花费时间或金钱做某事/在……上花费时间或金钱。如: I spent three yuan on this book.这本书花了我三元钱。 (3)sth.cost sb.money某物花费某人多少钱。如: This book cost me three yuan.这本书花了我三元钱。 (4)sb.pay money for sth.某人付款买某物。如: I paid three yuan for this book.这本书花了我三元钱。 6. put on, have on, wear 和 dress 四个词都表示“穿”的意思，但用法不同。put on 表示动作,不与时间连用;have on 表示状态,不可用于进行时;wear表示状态，指习惯性的动作，be wearing 则指一定时间、地点的穿戴状态;dress 既可表示动作，又可表示状态。dress 作及物动词用时,表示“给……穿衣”,宾语应是人，常用于“dress+sb./oneself”结构中;作不及物动词用时，意为“穿衣”,表示经常性的状态。如: Put on more clothes.It's cold outside.多穿点衣服,外面冷。 He always has on/wears a blue coat.他总是穿一件蓝色外套。 I am wearing a new coat today.我今天穿了一件新外套。 Please dress quickly.请迅速穿好衣服。 7.leave和forget均可表示“遗忘”,其区别为: (1)leave在表示“遗忘”时,通常要与表示地点的状语连用。 如:I've left my wallet at home.我的钱包放在家里忘记带了。 (2)forget在表示“遗忘”时,通常有两种形式。 ①forget to dosth.忘记做某事(未做) 如:We forgot to think of the sick and the homeless.我们忘了顾及那些生病的和无家可归的人。 ②forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事(做了) 如:I forgot doing my homework.我忘了我做过作业了。 重点小练 （1）—______your mother like dancing? —No,she_______.She enjoys singing. A. Are;aren’t B.Do;don’t C.Does;doesn’t D.Is;isn’t 【解析】选C.本题考查助动词的用法。句意：“—你的妈妈喜欢跳舞吗？—不，她不喜欢，她喜欢唱歌。” （2）This sweater_______so smooth.It’s made in China. A. tastes B.smells C.sounds D.feels 【解析】选D.句意：“这件毛衣摸起来如此光滑，它产自中国。”feel摸起来；taste尝起来；smell闻起来；sound听起来。 （3）Bobby,I have to go swimming now.Please________your little brother at home. A. look like B.look for C.look up D.look after 【解析】选D.句意：“鲍比，我现在要去游泳，在家照顾你弟弟。”look after,照顾；look for寻找；look like看起来像；look up查询。 （4）If we travel aboard, we prefer to stay in five-star hotels.That’s because they_____guests with the best service to make them feel at home. A. preview B.prevent C.provide D.produce 【解析】选C.句意：“如果我们去国外旅游，我们更喜欢待在五星级酒店。那是因为它们_____给顾客最好的服务，使他们感到宾至如归。”preview预演，预览；prevent防止；produce生产；provide提供。 （5）Every time Jason is late,he’ll ________an excuse.So I wonder what his excuse is this time. A. put up B.set up C.take up D.make up 【解析】选B.句意：“每次杰森迟到，他都会编一个借口。所以我想知道他这次的理由是什么。”set up an excuse编造一个理由。 （6）It’s very cold outside.You’d better _______your sweater. A. dress B.put on C.wear D..have on 【解析】选B.句意：“外面很冷，你最好穿上毛衣。”you’d better do sth.你最好做某事。 （7）Doctors_______you to have a good rest. A. wish B.hope C.look forward D.suggest 【解析】选D.句意：“医生建议你好好休息。”wish/hope希望；look forward期待；suggest建议。 （8）To sports payers, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver,but to______. A. take part B.take place C.take notes D.take care 【解析】选A.句意：“对于运动员来说，最重要的事不是获得金牌或银牌，而是______。”take part参与，参加；take place发生；take notes做笔记；take care照顾，照看。 （9）It won’t______us so much time to fly to Tianjin from Hangzhou. A. spend B.take C.cost D.pay 【解析】选B.句意：“从天津到杭州不会花费我们太多时间。”主语是it，用take. （10）—What’s the best season to travel in Qingdao? —You’d better_______here in summer. A. come B.comes C.coming D.to come 【解析】选A.本题考查短语固定搭配。you’d better do sth.你最好做某事。 好题必测 （1）（2020春考）Linda______my help because she wanted to do the work herself. A.received B.replied C.returned D.refused 【解析】选D.本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：“琳达拒绝了我的帮助，因为她想独自完成这项工作。”receive,收到；reply,答复；return,返回；refuse,拒绝。 （2）（2020春考）___________the test paper carefully before you hand it in. A. Go on B.Go over C.Go out D.Go down 【解析】选B.本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：“在你上交试卷之前要仔细检查。”go on,继续；go over,仔细检查；go out 出去；go down,下降。 （3）（2016春考）—How long have you _______the book? —Two weeks. A. lent B.kept C.bought D.borrowed 【解析】选B.本题考查动词辨析。根据题干中的“two weeks”,可以判断出空格处所填动词为延续性动词。 （4）—Waiter,there’s a fly swimming in my soup. —So what do you______me to do,call a lifeguard? A. warn B.expect C.invite D.encourage 【解析】选B.句意：“—服务员，有只苍蝇在我的汤里游泳。—所以你____我做什么，打电话叫救生员？”warn,警告；expect,期望；invite,邀请；encourage,鼓励。 （5）—Have you________to the letter? —No,I haven’t.I’ll read it. A. replied B.answered C.sent D.got 【解析】选A.本题考查动词词义辨析。reply答复，不及物动词，常和to连用；answer回答，及物动词。sent,发送；get,得到。 （6）Tina is Chinese girl but he________in the UK. A. Looked up B.grew up C.walked up D.ate up 【解析】选B.句意：“缇娜是个中国女孩，但她在英国长大。”look up查询；grow up长大；walk up沿着...走；eat up吃光。 （7）Her uncle promised_____to her to see Beijing Opera just now. A. take B.to take C.taking D.took 【解析】选B.句意：“她的叔叔承诺她去看京剧。”promise to do sth,承诺某人做某事。 （8）The soup______good.Could I have more? A. smells B.tastes C.taste D.smell 【解析】选B.句意：“这粥太好吃了，我能再来一些吗？”名词是复数所以用动词原形，尝起来taste. （9）Before______to bed,you must brush your teeth. A. goes B.going C.go D.to go 【解析】选B.句意：“上床之前，你必须刷牙。”before是介词，后加doing. （10）—Have you learned Chinese before? —Yes,I ________English for 8 years in my hometown. A. learn B.learned C.am learning D.have learned 【解析】选D.句意：“—你之前学过中文吗？”“—是的，我在我们镇学中文八年了。”，根据句意采用现在完成时。 （11）It’s a good idea______a cup of tea when you are tired. A.drink B.drank C.drunk D.to drink 【解析】选D.句意：“当你累了喝杯茶是个好主意。”it’s+adj.+(for sb)+to do sth. （12）—May I open the door to let in some fresh air? —_________. A. Come on B.Take care C.Hold on D.Go ahead 【解析】选D.句意：“—你介意我打开门让新鲜空气进来吗？”“—你做就行。” （13）You should give up________. A. smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smokes 【解析】选B.本题考查短语的固定搭配。句意：“你应该放弃吸烟。”give up ding sth,放弃做某事。 （14）Would you please _________a message to your sister? A. fetch B.take C.bring D.get 【解析】选B.句意：“你能帮我捎个口信吗？”take a message捎口信。 （15）How long have you _______this iPad? A. borrowed B.lent C.bought D.kept 【解析】选D.本题考查延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法。句意：“你这台iPad多久了？”，borrow/lend/buy都是瞬间动词，非延续性动词。而keep是延续性动词。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$