内容正文:
►专题07 形容词和副词用法梳理
考点精讲
考点01 形容词
1.形容词的定义
形容词是用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词的词语,表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。一般放在所修饰的名词前作定语,也可作表语或宾语补足语等。如:
This is an interesting book.(作定语)这是一本有趣的书。
His eyes are big and bright.(作表语)他的眼睛又大又亮。
They're trying to make our country prosperous.(作宾语补足语)他们正在努力使祖国变得繁荣昌盛。
(1)以a开头的形容词,如alone,afraid,asleep,alive等,通常作表语或后置定语。如:
That old lady feels alone because her children are out.那个老人感到孤独因为她的孩子都外出了。
The boy asleep is his cousin.正在睡觉的那个男孩是他的表弟。
(2)形容词与不定代词 something,anything,nothing,everything等连用时,要放在这些词的后面。如:
There is something wrong with my bike.我的自行车有一些问题。
(3)某些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,其作用相当于一个名词。如:
the young 年轻人 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人
(4)如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时,其前后排列顺序是:限定词(a/the/this some/her...)+数量词(先序数词后基数词)+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。如:
a small round black wood chair 一张黑色的小圆木桌
考点02 副词
1.副词的定义
副词是用来修饰动词形容词其他副词或整个句子的词语,有时也能修饰名词,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等,在句中主要作状语。如:
Mary is often at home on Sundays.(作状语,表时间)玛丽星期天常常在家。
(1)副词修饰动词,说明动作是怎样进行的,什么时候进行或者在什么地方发生的,一般位于动词之后。如:
They went to the cinema early yesterday.他们昨天早早地去了电影院。
(2)副词修饰形容词或其他副词,说明这些形容词或副词的程度如何,一般位于被修饰的词前。如:
He jumps very high.他跳得非常高。
(3)副词表示频度修饰动词时,位于连系动词和助动词之后或行为动词之前。如:
Mr. Wang usually comes to school by bike.王先生经常骑自行车来学校。
(4)already和yet
already多用于肯定句中;yet多用于疑问句和否定句中。如:
The bus has already arrived.公交车已经到达了。
考点03 形容词与副词的转化
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
直接加-ly
quick-quickly;sad-sadly;recent-recently
少数以e结尾的形容词
去e,加-ly
true-truly;due-duly
以辅音字母加y结尾,且y读音为/i/
将y改成i,加-ly
happy-happily;heavy-hly;angry-angrily
以辅音字母加le结尾
去e,加-y
simple-simply;terrible-terribly
以-ll结尾
加-y
dull-dully;shrill-shrilly
注:(1)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly等。
(2)有些形容词和副词同义不同形,如:good-well;有些同义又同形。
如:late-late;early-early;fast-fast等。
考点04 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化
构词法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词
一般在词尾加-er,-est
tall
taller
tallest
fast
faster
fastest
以字母e结尾的词,加-r,-st
nice
nicer
nicest
wide
wider
widest
以重读闭音节结尾的词,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
hot
hotter
hottest
big
bigger
biggest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
easy
easier
easiest
early
earlier
earliest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加more,most
careful
more careful
most careful
actively
more actively
most actively
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly/ill
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
old
older(较年老,较旧)elder(较年长)
oldest(最年老,最旧)eldest(最年长)
far
farther(较远)further(较深远,进一步)
farthest(最远)furthest(最深远,最进步)
考点05 形容词和副词比较等级的用法
1.“as+adj./adv.+as”和“not so/as+adj./adv.+as”结构。该结构常用来描述两个比较对象在程度上的相似或不同之处。如:
The building is as high as that tower.这座大楼和那座塔一样高。
My computer is not so/as expensive as yours.我的电脑不如你的贵重。
2.表示一方是另一方的倍数,用“倍数+as+原级+as”结构。如:
The room is three times as large as that one这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
3.两者比较时,其中一方超过另一方,用“比较级+than”结构。如:
The earth is bigger than the moon,地球比月球大。
两者比较时,其中一方不如另一方,用“not+比较级+than”或“less+原级+than”结构。
The railway is not longer than that one.这条铁路不比那条长。
4.“主语+比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”和“主语+比较级+than the other+数名词复数”结构。该结构表示主语所描述的事物“比其他(任何一个)都……”,用比较级式表示最高级含义。如:
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 Li Ming is much cleverer than the other students in their class.李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。
5.诸如not,never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用,表示最高级含义,意为“再没有比……更……”。如:
It is not a better idea.这是一个再好不过的办法。
I have never heard such an interesting story.我从来没有听过比这更有趣的故事。
6.“The+比较级…., the+比较级...”意为“越……,越……”。如:
The harder you work at English, the greater progress you will make.在英语学习上你越用功,取得的进步就越大。
7.表示本身程度变化,并不与其他事物相比,用“比较级+and+比较级”结构,意为“越来越……”。如:
As Winter Solstice comes, days get shorter and shorter.随着冬至的到来,白天变得越来越短。
Protecting children’s sight becomes more and more necessary保护儿童的视力变得越来越有必要。
8.比较的两者中,一方在程度和数量上超过另一方,通常在比较级以前加表示程度或数量的词,如much,far,even,a little,a bit,a lot等作状语来修饰。如:
The sun is much larger than the earth.太阳比地球大得多。
9.“would rather...than”(prefer...to...l’和“prefer to do...rather than do...”三个句型分别:示“宁愿……而不……”“喜欢……胜过……”“宁愿做……而不愿做……”的含义。虽无比较级形式,但表示比较级含义。如:
She would rather die than give in.她宁死不屈。
I prefer playing basketball to going to the cinema.我宁愿打篮球也不愿去看电影。
He preferred to go out rather than stay home.他宁愿出去也不愿待在家里。
10.表示三者或三者以上的比较,用形容词或副词的最高级表示,通常用“in+集体名词’或“of+名词复数/代词/数词”来说明比较的范围或说明比较的同一类人或事物。
【注】 形容词最高级前必须加定冠词 the,副词最高级前可加可不加。如:
Of all the students.he is the tallest.所有学生中他是最高的。
He runs fastest in his class.他在班里跑得最快。
重点小练
(1)Either of them can complete the task,but I wonder who does everything _______.
A. the most careful B.more careful C.most carefully D.more carefully
【解析】选D. 本题考查形容词和副词比较级的用法。句中出现either证明是两者之间的比较,所以用比较级。又因为副词修饰动词,故用carefully.
(2)Our classroom becomes_______as the sunlight comes in through the windows.
A. bigger B.cleaner C.quieter D.brighter
【解析】选D. 本题考查形容词比较级的词义辨析。句意:“当阳光射进窗户时教室变得更亮。”
(3)—Let’s play soccer this night.
—It sounds_______.
A. well B.interesting C.health D.interested
【解析】选B.本题考查形容词的用法。根据句意:“—我们今晚一起踢足球吧。”“—听起来太有趣了。”
(4)If you really work______,you’ll be successful.
A. hard B.hardly C.easy D.quite
【解析】选A. 本题考查形容词的用法。句意:“如果你真的努力学习,你会变成功的。”
(5)How_______the things are!We can’t finish it by ourselves.
A. disappointed B.disappointing C.disappointment D.disappoint
【解析】选B. 本题考查形容词的词义辨析。因为things是物,故用disappointing来修饰。
(6)—What do you think of the movie on TV?
—Wonderful!It’s the_______program I’ve ever watched.
A. better B.best C.worse D.the best
【解析】选B. 本题考查比较级和最高级的区别。句意:“—你认为这部电影怎么样?”“—太棒了!这是我看过的最好的节目。”故用最高级best,句中有the ,排除D.
(7)—He didn’t do very well in this task.
—Unluckily,I did it_______.
A. worse B.badly C.better D.worst
【解析】选A. 句意:“—他这次没完成好。”“—不幸地是,我完成得更差。”
(8)The film wasn’t_______.Lucy fell asleep half way through it.
A. interesting enough B.interested enough
C.enough interesting D.enough interested
【解析】选A.本题考查形容词的用法和enough的用法。The movie是物,用interesting修饰,enough放在形容词之后。
(9)We think the coat is not as_______as that one.
A. nicer B.nice C.nicest D.more nice
【解析】选B. not as...as...不如...,as...as...之间用原级。
(10)—What does your math teacher look like?
—Oh,he is much _______than before.
A. strong B.stronger
C.strongest D.too strong
【解析】选B.本题考查比较级的用法。“他比以前强壮”用比较级stronger.
好题必测
(1)(2020春考)—Wow,your 75-year-old grandpa can use WeChat now!
—Yes,he has________stopped learning new things.
A. already B.yet C.always D.never
【解析】选D.本题考查副词词义辨析。句意: “—哇,你的爷爷75岁了还会用微信!—是的,他从来不停止学习新东西。” already已经;yet还;always总是;never从来不。
(2)(2019春考)—We should avoid answering the phone_______in public places.
A. quietly B.loudly C.heavily D.quickly
【解析】选B. 本题考查副词词义辨析。句意:“我们应该避免在公共场合大声接电话。”quietly安静地;loudly大声地;heavily沉重地;quickly迅速地。
(3)(2019春考)—Hi,Jack! You look so__________today.
—Yeah,I’ve just passed the skill test with high marks.
A. sad B.angry C.happy D.disappointed
【解析】选C. 本题考查形容词词义辨析。句意:“—你好,杰克。今天,你看起来如此高兴。—是的。我刚刚以高分通过了技能测试。”sad伤心的;angry生气的;happy高兴的;disappointed失望的。
(4)(2015春考)—The more you practice,________you will be.
A.better B.best C.the best D.the better
【解析】选D. 本题考查形容词和副词的比较级。“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越...,越...”
(5)This problem is__________more difficult than that one.
A. very B.very much C.a lot D.quite
【解析】选C. 本题考查比较级前面的修饰词。修饰比较级可以用a lot.
(6)The trip of Beijing is very______.We are all very______.
A. tired;tired B.tiring;tiring C.tired;tiring D.tiring;tired
【解析】选D. 本题考查形容词的用法。修饰物用+ing形式,修饰人用+ed的形式。
(7)They’re standing too near the camera.Can they move_______?
A. even further B.a litter farther C.a bit of farther D.much further
【解析】选B. 本题考查比较级的用法。句意:“他们站的太靠近摄像机了,可以离远一点吗?”
(8)—Has Mary read the book ?
—Sure.Jason is also ______it and we become friends because of that.
A. proud of B.serious about C.interested in D.afraid of
【解析】选C. 本题考查短语。句意:“—玛丽读过这本书吗?”“—读过。杰森对它很感兴趣,我们还因它成为了好朋友。”
(9)Mount Huang is one of ______mountains in China.Many tourists like climbing it every year.
A. famous B.the more famous C.most famous D.the most famous
【解析】选D. 本题考查 “one of+最高级+可数名词复数” 的用法。最高级前要加the.
(10)The sweater is so_______for me that I can’t afford it.
A.expensive B.cheap C.convenient D.beautiful
【解析】选A. 本题考查形容词的词义辨析。句意:“这件毛衣对我来说太贵了以至于我支付不起。”
(11)My cousin does exercise every day,so he runs_____ than any other student in his class.
A.fast B.the more fast C. fastest D.faster
【解析】选D. 本题考查最高级用法。句意:“我表弟每天锻炼,所以他跑得比班里其他任何同学都快。”
(12)As a doctor,you can’t be______careful.You should pay attention to every detail.
A. very B.too C.so D.quite
【解析】选B. 句意:“作为一名医生,你再小心都不为过,你应该注意每个细节。”very很,非常;too太;so 如此;quite 相当,很。Can’t...too..是一个固定的句型意为“再...也不为过,越...越好。”
(13)We should do something to save water,for it is_______in the world.
A. useless B.rich C.convenient D.limited
【解析】选D. 本题考查形容词的辨析。句意:“我们应该为节约水资源付出行动,因为它在世界上是有限的。”
(14)—Why doesn’t Bobby like winter in Jinan?
—Because it is______winter in Hangzhou.
A. as cold as B.much colder than
C.not so cold as D.not colder than
【解析】选B.句意:“—鲍比为什么不喜欢济南的冬天?”“—因为它比杭州的冬天冷。”
(15)Dancing is a________sport and I believe you will lose your weight_____.
A. relax;quickly B.relaxing;quick
C.relaxing;quickly D.relax;quick
【解析】选C. 本题考查形容词和副词的用法。句意:“跳舞是一项令人放松的运动,我相信你会快速减肥。”
ing形式的形容词修饰物,副词quickly修饰动词lose。
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►专题07 形容词和副词用法梳理
考点精讲
考点01 形容词
1.形容词的定义
形容词是用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词的词语,表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。一般放在所修饰的名词前作定语,也可作表语或宾语补足语等。如:
This is an interesting book.(作定语)这是一本有趣的书。
His eyes are big and bright.(作表语)他的眼睛又大又亮。
They're trying to make our country prosperous.(作宾语补足语)他们正在努力使祖国变得繁荣昌盛。
(1)以a开头的形容词,如alone,afraid,asleep,alive等,通常作表语或后置定语。如:
That old lady feels alone because her children are out.那个老人感到孤独因为她的孩子都外出了。
The boy asleep is his cousin.正在睡觉的那个男孩是他的表弟。
(2)形容词与不定代词 something,anything,nothing,everything等连用时,要放在这些词的后面。如:
There is something wrong with my bike.我的自行车有一些问题。
(3)某些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,其作用相当于一个名词。如:
the young 年轻人 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人
(4)如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时,其前后排列顺序是:限定词(a/the/this some/her...)+数量词(先序数词后基数词)+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。如:
a small round black wood chair 一张黑色的小圆木桌
考点02 副词
1.副词的定义
副词是用来修饰动词形容词其他副词或整个句子的词语,有时也能修饰名词,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等,在句中主要作状语。如:
Mary is often at home on Sundays.(作状语,表时间)玛丽星期天常常在家。
(1)副词修饰动词,说明动作是怎样进行的,什么时候进行或者在什么地方发生的,一般位于动词之后。如:
They went to the cinema early yesterday.他们昨天早早地去了电影院。
(2)副词修饰形容词或其他副词,说明这些形容词或副词的程度如何,一般位于被修饰的词前。如:
He jumps very high.他跳得非常高。
(3)副词表示频度修饰动词时,位于连系动词和助动词之后或行为动词之前。如:
Mr. Wang usually comes to school by bike.王先生经常骑自行车来学校。
(4)already和yet
already多用于肯定句中;yet多用于疑问句和否定句中。如:
The bus has already arrived.公交车已经到达了。
考点03 形容词与副词的转化
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
直接加-ly
quick-quickly;sad-sadly;recent-recently
少数以e结尾的形容词
去e,加-ly
true-truly;due-duly
以辅音字母加y结尾,且y读音为/i/
将y改成i,加-ly
happy-happily;heavy-hly;angry-angrily
以辅音字母加le结尾
去e,加-y
simple-simply;terrible-terribly
以-ll结尾
加-y
dull-dully;shrill-shrilly
注:(1)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly等。
(2)有些形容词和副词同义不同形,如:good-well;有些同义又同形。
如:late-late;early-early;fast-fast等。
考点04 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化
构词法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词
一般在词尾加-er,-est
tall
taller
tallest
fast
faster
fastest
以字母e结尾的词,加-r,-st
nice
nicer
nicest
wide
wider
widest
以重读闭音节结尾的词,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
hot
hotter
hottest
big
bigger
biggest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
easy
easier
easiest
early
earlier
earliest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加more,most
careful
more careful
most careful
actively
more actively
most actively
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly/ill
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
old
older(较年老,较旧)elder(较年长)
oldest(最年老,最旧)eldest(最年长)
far
farther(较远)further(较深远,进一步)
farthest(最远)furthest(最深远,最进步)
考点05 形容词和副词比较等级的用法
1.“as+adj./adv.+as”和“not so/as+adj./adv.+as”结构。该结构常用来描述两个比较对象在程度上的相似或不同之处。如:
The building is as high as that tower.这座大楼和那座塔一样高。
My computer is not so/as expensive as yours.我的电脑不如你的贵重。
2.表示一方是另一方的倍数,用“倍数+as+原级+as”结构。如:
The room is three times as large as that one这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
3.两者比较时,其中一方超过另一方,用“比较级+than”结构。如:
The earth is bigger than the moon,地球比月球大。
两者比较时,其中一方不如另一方,用“not+比较级+than”或“less+原级+than”结构。
The railway is not longer than that one.这条铁路不比那条长。
4.“主语+比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”和“主语+比较级+than the other+数名词复数”结构。该结构表示主语所描述的事物“比其他(任何一个)都……”,用比较级式表示最高级含义。如:
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 Li Ming is much cleverer than the other students in their class.李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。
5.诸如not,never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用,表示最高级含义,意为“再没有比……更……”。如:
It is not a better idea.这是一个再好不过的办法。
I have never heard such an interesting story.我从来没有听过比这更有趣的故事。
6.“The+比较级…., the+比较级...”意为“越……,越……”。如:
The harder you work at English, the greater progress you will make.在英语学习上你越用功,取得的进步就越大。
7.表示本身程度变化,并不与其他事物相比,用“比较级+and+比较级”结构,意为“越来越……”。如:
As Winter Solstice comes, days get shorter and shorter.随着冬至的到来,白天变得越来越短。
Protecting children’s sight becomes more and more necessary保护儿童的视力变得越来越有必要。
8.比较的两者中,一方在程度和数量上超过另一方,通常在比较级以前加表示程度或数量的词,如much,far,even,a little,a bit,a lot等作状语来修饰。如:
The sun is much larger than the earth.太阳比地球大得多。
9.“would rather...than”(prefer...to...l’和“prefer to do...rather than do...”三个句型分别:示“宁愿……而不……”“喜欢……胜过……”“宁愿做……而不愿做……”的含义。虽无比较级形式,但表示比较级含义。如:
She would rather die than give in.她宁死不屈。
I prefer playing basketball to going to the cinema.我宁愿打篮球也不愿去看电影。
He preferred to go out rather than stay home.他宁愿出去也不愿待在家里。
10.表示三者或三者以上的比较,用形容词或副词的最高级表示,通常用“in+集体名词’或“of+名词复数/代词/数词”来说明比较的范围或说明比较的同一类人或事物。
【注】 形容词最高级前必须加定冠词 the,副词最高级前可加可不加。如:
Of all the students.he is the tallest.所有学生中他是最高的。
He runs fastest in his class.他在班里跑得最快。
重点小练
(1)Either of them can complete the task,but I wonder who does everything _______.
A. the most careful B.more careful C.most carefully D.more carefully
(2)Our classroom becomes_______as the sunlight comes in through the windows.
A. bigger B.cleaner C.quieter D.brighter
(3)—Let’s play soccer this night.
—It sounds_______.
A. well B.interesting C.health D.interested
(4)If you really work______,you’ll be successful.
A. hard B.hardly C.easy D.quite
(5)How_______the things are!We can’t finish it by ourselves.
A. disappointed B.disappointing C.disappointment D.disappoint
(6)—What do you think of the movie on TV?
—Wonderful!It’s the_______program I’ve ever watched.
A. better B.best C.worse D.the best
(7)—He didn’t do very well in this task.
—Unluckily,I did it_______.
A. worse B.badly C.better D.worst
(8)The film wasn’t_______.Lucy fell asleep half way through it.
A. interesting enough B.interested enough
C.enough interesting D.enough interested
(9)We think the coat is not as_______as that one.
A. nicer B.nice C.nicest D.more nice
(10)—What does your math teacher look like?
—Oh,he is much _______than before.
A. strong B.stronger
C.strongest D.too strong
好题必测
(1)(2020春考)—Wow,your 75-year-old grandpa can use WeChat now!
—Yes,he has________stopped learning new things.
A. already B.yet C.always D.never
(2)(2019春考)—We should avoid answering the phone_______in public places.
A. quietly B.loudly C.heavily D.quickly
(3)(2019春考)—Hi,Jack! You look so__________today.
—Yeah,I’ve just passed the skill test with high marks.
A. sad B.angry C.happy D.disappointed
(4)(2015春考)—The more you practice,________you will be.
A.better B.best C.the best D.the better
(5)This problem is__________more difficult than that one.
A. very B.very much C.a lot D.quite
(6)The trip of Beijing is very______.We are all very______.
A. tired;tired B.tiring;tiring C.tired;tiring D.tiring;tired
(7)They’re standing too near the camera.Can they move_______?
A. even further B.a litter farther C.a bit of farther D.much further
(8)—Has Mary read the book ?
—Sure.Jason is also ______it and we become friends because of that.
A. proud of B.serious about C.interested in D.afraid of
(9)Mount Huang is one of ______mountains in China.Many tourists like climbing it every year.
A. famous B.the more famous C.most famous D.the most famous
(10)The sweater is so_______for me that I can’t afford it.
A.expensive B.cheap C.convenient D.beautiful
(11)My cousin does exercise every day,so he runs_____ than any other student in his class.
A.fast B.the more fast C. fastest D.faster
(12)As a doctor,you can’t be______careful.You should pay attention to every detail.
A. very B.too C.so D.quite
(13)We should do something to save water,for it is_______in the world.
A. useless B.rich C.convenient D.limited
(14)—Why doesn’t Bobby like winter in Jinan?
—Because it is______winter in Hangzhou.
A. as cold as B.much colder than
C.not so cold as D.not colder than
(15)Dancing is a________sport and I believe you will lose your weight_____.
A. relax;quickly B.relaxing;quick
C.relaxing;quickly D.relax;quick
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