内容正文:
►专题02 冠词用法梳理
考点精讲
考点01 不定冠词a/an的用法
1.不定冠词泛指某人或某物,有a和an两个,a用于以辅音音素(而不是辅音字母)开头的单词前面,an用于以元音音素(而不是元音字母)开头的单词前。如:a map,a useful map,an English book, an hour, an artist等。
2.用于单数可数名词前,表示“某一个”。
如: There is a policeman at the door.门口有个警察。
3.用于单数可数名词前,表示“人或事物的某一类”。
如:A soldier must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。
4.用于首次出现的单数名词之前。
如:There is a box in the room. The box is heavy.房间里有个箱子。这个箱子很重。
5.用于时间、速度、价格等事物的度量单位前,表示“每一个”。
如:five kilometers an hour 每小时五公里 three times a day 每天三次
6.用于序数词之前,表示“再一,又一”。
如:I have two CDs. I want to buy a third one.我已经有两张唱片,我想再买一张。
7.用于某些固定短语中。
如:take a break 休息一下 have a good time 玩得开心
make a living 谋生 have a cold 感冒 in a word 总而言之
考点02 定冠词the的用法
1.定特指某(些)人、某(些)事物;用在谈话双方都知道的人或事物前或上文提到过的人或物。如:
The watch on the desk is mine.桌子上那只手表是我的。
Please fill in the form.请填写这张表格。
A woman is talking with Tom. The woman must be Grace.一个女人正在和汤姆说话。那个女人一定是格蕾丝。
2.用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前。如:
The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。但这些名词有描绘性定语时,可用不定冠词。如:
Look!A red sun is rising.瞧!一轮红日正在升起。
3.用于由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前,以及江、河、湖、海、山川、沙漠等名词前。
如:the Yellow River黄河 the Great Wall长城 the Atlantic 大西洋
4.用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人。如:
The Greens are very kind to us.格林一家人对我们很友好。
5.“the+形容词”表示一类人或物。如:
the rich 富人 the poor穷人 the young 年轻人 the old 老年人
6.用于序数词或形容词最高级前。如:
The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。
7.用于乐器名词前。球类不加the,棋类不加the ,乐器加the.
如:play the violin 拉小提琴 play chess 下象棋 play basketball 打篮球
8.用于某些固定短语或习惯用法中。
如:in the east/west 在东方/西方 in the morning 在早上
on the other hand 另一方面 in the end 最终
9.用于形容词比较级前面构成固定句式“The+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”。
如:The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心,你犯的错误越少。
考点03 不用冠词的情况
1.人名、地名、国名等专有名词通常不用冠词。如:
Bob is English, but he likes Beijing Opera.鲍勃是英国人,但他喜爱京剧。
2.头衔、职位、称呼前一般不用冠词。如:
The guards took the German to General Lee.警卫把那个德国人带到了李将军那里。
3.三餐、球类、棋类、学科前不用冠词。如:
Lunch is ready.午饭做好了。
I often play volleyball with my friends.我经常和我的朋友打排球。
We all like Science.我们都喜欢科学。
4.交通工具之后不用冠词。
如: Every day I go to school by bus,我每天乘公交车去学校。
Did you come back by plane or by train? 你回来是坐飞机还是坐火车?
5.泛指一类或一般概念不用冠词。
如: Horses are useful animals,马是有用的动物。
Failure is the mother of success,失败是成功之母
6.年份、季节、月份、星期、日期等名词前不用冠词。
如: Winter has come, is spring still far away?冬天已经来了,春天还会远吗?
7.一些固定短语中不用冠词。如:
after class have breakfast at night
【注】 有些短语,有冠词和无冠词表达的意义不同。如:
in front of 在……前面 in the front of 在……范围内的前面
go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院
in charge of 负责 in the charge of 被……负责
重点小练
(1)The cakes are delicious.Tom ’d like to have______third one because______second one is rather too small.
A.a;a B./;the C.a;the D.the;a
【解析】选C.句意:“蛋糕很美味,汤姆想要第三个吃,因为第二个太小了。”a有“又一”的意思,而the是特指,the second one特指第二个蛋糕。
(2)—Mary doesn’t like talking on_____telephone.He prefers writing____letters.
A. a;the B.the;/ C.the;the D.a;/
【解析】选B.句意:“玛丽不喜欢打电话,她喜欢写信。”打电话的表达是:talk on the phone,写信的表达是:write letters.
(3)I knew________Michael Jackson,but not________famous one.
A. The;/ B.a;the C.a;/ D.the;a
【解析】选B.本题考察定冠词与不定冠词的区别。a是泛指,指叫这个名字的人,而the是特指,the famous one,特指有名气的那个人。
(4)______more you practice,______fewer mistakes you will make.
A. a;the B./;/ C.a;/ D.the;the
【解析】选D.“the+比较级....,the+比较级......”的结构。表示“越....越.....”
(5)Jerry doesn’t like playing_____football.She likes playing_____violin.
A. a;the B./;the C.the;/ D./;a
【解析】选B.本题考察定冠词的用法。球类前面不加the,乐器前面加the。
(6)—Jason,shall we go for a picnic this Sunday?
— Ok. Let’s add it to______weekend plan.
A. a B.an C.the D./
【解析】选C.句意:“—杰森,这个星期天我们去野餐好吗?”“—好的,让我们把它加入周末计划吧。”.根据句意可知此处是指加入我们指定的周末计划,表示特指,所以用定冠词来修饰。
(7)To celebrate_______60th birthday of the Chinese People’s Army Navy,there was______great parade in Qingdao on April 23rd.
A. A;the B./;a C.a;a D.the;a
【解析】选D.本题考察定冠词与不定冠词的区别。a是泛指,题目中指一场大游行,而序数词前面加the,同时the表示特指第六十个诞辰。
(8)Linda’s aunt has two children, a son and a daughter.The son is____ teacher and_____daughter is a nurse.
A. a;the B.an;the C.the;a D.an;a
【解析】选B.本题考察定冠词与不定冠词的区别。题目中表示“有两个孩子,一儿一女,儿子是老师,女儿是一名护士。”元音开头用不定冠词an修饰,后句中特指这个女儿,所以用the.
(9)—Have you seen_____watch? I left it here this morning?
—I think I saw one somewhere.Is it______new one?
A. a;/ B.a;the C.the;a D.a;a
【解析】选D.句意:“—你有看到一只手表吗?我今天早上落在这儿的。”“—我见到过一只,是只新手表吗?”,根据句意看出是泛指,所以用不定冠词修饰。
(10)—What's the matter with your sister?
—She caught______bad cold and had to stay in ____bed.
A. a;/ B.the;/ C.a;the D.the;the
【解析】选A.句意:“—你怎么了?”“—她感冒了需要卧床休息。”感冒的固定表达是“catch a cold”,卧床休息的表达是“stay in bed.”
好题必测
(1)More and more foreign students come to China to learn________Chinese.
A. an B.a C.one D./
【解析】选D.句意:“越来越多的外国学生来中国学习汉语。”语言前不用冠词。
(2)June ________first is______Children’s Day.
A. the;a B.the;/ C.a;a D.an;the
【解析】选B.序数词前加the,节日之前不加the.
(3)Tina earns 60 dollars _____hour as____supermarket cashier on Saturday.
A. a;the B.a;a C.an;a D.an;an
【解析】选C.an hour表示“一小时”,后一空中的a表示“一个”,用a表泛指。
(4)Bobby wants to see that movie_______second time because it is quite____wonderful movie.
A. the;a B.a;the C.a;a D.a;an
【解析】选C.句意:“鲍比想再二次看那部电影,因为这是一部很棒的电影。”根据句意前者是“再一,又一”后者是修饰名词单数。
(5)The education of____young is always ______ serious topic.
A.the;a B.the;the C.a;a D./;a
【解析】选A.句意:“年轻人们的教育一直是一项严谨的话题”。前者是“定冠词+形容词”表示一类人,后者是修饰名词单数。
(6)Do you like______movie Dangal?
—Yes.It’s________educational movie.I like it very much.
A. the;an B.a;a C.an;a D./;the
【解析】选A.前者是特指这部电影,用定冠词the,后者考察元音开头前面用an修饰。
(7)Betty is____ university student.She likes playing_______piano.
A. an;a B.a;a C.an;the D.a;the
【解析】选D.university 是辅音开头,用a来修饰。乐器前面要加the.
(8)When you finish reading the book,you will have_____better understanding of______life.
A. a;/ B.a;a C.the;a D.a;the
【解析】选A.句意:“当你读完这本书,你将会对生活有一个更好的理解。”根据句意,life前面不加冠词。
(9)Jim bought___car yesterday,but it’s_______used one.
A. a;a B.an;a C.the;a D.the;the
【解析】选A.句意:“吉姆昨天买了一辆车,但是一辆二手车。”根据句意可知用不定冠词修饰名词单数。
(10)Sarah is a girl with______outgoing personality.
A. a B.an C./ D.the
【解析】选C.句意:“萨若是一个外向的女孩。”根据句意,personality 不需要冠词来修饰。
(11)—Do you know________boy with glasses over there?
—Yes,he is Jim,my classmate.He plays_____volleyball very well.
A. a;the B.the;a C.the;/ D.the;the
【解析】选C. boy后面有修饰所以表示特指那个戴眼镜的男孩用the,后句中球类前面不加the.
(12)—________nice gift you have given to me!
—We’re glad you like it.
A. How B.What C.How a D.What a
【解析】选D.本题考察感叹句的用法。gift是可数名词,所以要加冠词a,本题出现的结构是What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+(it is)!
(13)The Chinese Dream is________dream to improve people’s well-being and________dream of harmony,peace and development.
A. the;a B.a;a C.a;the D.the;the
【解析】选B.“中国梦就是一个提高人们幸福感的梦想,一个(追求)和谐、和平和发展的梦想。”根据句意,用a表示泛指。
(14)Lucy is_____European and Green is_______American.
A.an;an B.a;an C.an;a D.a;a
【解析】选B.本题考察冠词a/an的区别。读音是元音开头则用an,辅音开头则用a.
(15)People,especially the teens,think it_______great fun to surf on____Internet.
A. a;the B.a;/ C./;the D.the;the
【解析】选A.a great fun“一件很愉快的事”,此为固定搭配。后句中surf on the Internet“上网”也是固定搭配。
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►专题02 冠词用法梳理
考点精讲
考点01 不定冠词a/an的用法
1.不定冠词泛指某人或某物,有a和an两个,a用于以辅音音素(而不是辅音字母)开头的单词前面,an用于以元音音素(而不是元音字母)开头的单词前。如:a map,a useful map,an English book, an hour, an artist等。
2.用于单数可数名词前,表示“某一个”。
如: There is a policeman at the door.门口有个警察。
3.用于单数可数名词前,表示“人或事物的某一类”。
如:A soldier must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。
4.用于首次出现的单数名词之前。
如:There is a box in the room. The box is heavy.房间里有个箱子。这个箱子很重。
5.用于时间、速度、价格等事物的度量单位前,表示“每一个”。
如:five kilometers an hour 每小时五公里 three times a day 每天三次
6.用于序数词之前,表示“再一,又一”。
如:I have two CDs. I want to buy a third one.我已经有两张唱片,我想再买一张。
7.用于某些固定短语中。
如:take a break 休息一下 have a good time 玩得开心
make a living 谋生 have a cold 感冒 in a word 总而言之
考点02 定冠词the的用法
1.定特指某(些)人、某(些)事物;用在谈话双方都知道的人或事物前或上文提到过的人或物。如:
The watch on the desk is mine.桌子上那只手表是我的。
Please fill in the form.请填写这张表格。
A woman is talking with Tom. The woman must be Grace.一个女人正在和汤姆说话。那个女人一定是格蕾丝。
2.用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前。如:
The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。但这些名词有描绘性定语时,可用不定冠词。如:
Look!A red sun is rising.瞧!一轮红日正在升起。
3.用于由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前,以及江、河、湖、海、山川、沙漠等名词前。
如:the Yellow River黄河 the Great Wall长城 the Atlantic 大西洋
4.用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人。如:
The Greens are very kind to us.格林一家人对我们很友好。
5.“the+形容词”表示一类人或物。如:
the rich 富人 the poor穷人 the young 年轻人 the old 老年人
6.用于序数词或形容词最高级前。如:
The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。
7.用于乐器名词前。球类不加the,棋类不加the ,乐器加the.
如:play the violin 拉小提琴 play chess 下象棋 play basketball 打篮球
8.用于某些固定短语或习惯用法中。
如:in the east/west 在东方/西方 in the morning 在早上
on the other hand 另一方面 in the end 最终
9.用于形容词比较级前面构成固定句式“The+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”。
如:The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心,你犯的错误越少。
考点03 不用冠词的情况
1.人名、地名、国名等专有名词通常不用冠词。如:
Bob is English, but he likes Beijing Opera.鲍勃是英国人,但他喜爱京剧。
2.头衔、职位、称呼前一般不用冠词。如:
The guards took the German to General Lee.警卫把那个德国人带到了李将军那里。
3.三餐、球类、棋类、学科前不用冠词。如:
Lunch is ready.午饭做好了。
I often play volleyball with my friends.我经常和我的朋友打排球。
We all like Science.我们都喜欢科学。
4.交通工具之后不用冠词。
如: Every day I go to school by bus,我每天乘公交车去学校。
Did you come back by plane or by train? 你回来是坐飞机还是坐火车?
5.泛指一类或一般概念不用冠词。
如: Horses are useful animals,马是有用的动物。
Failure is the mother of success,失败是成功之母
6.年份、季节、月份、星期、日期等名词前不用冠词。
如: Winter has come, is spring still far away?冬天已经来了,春天还会远吗?
7.一些固定短语中不用冠词。如:
after class have breakfast at night
【注】 有些短语,有冠词和无冠词表达的意义不同。如:
in front of 在……前面 in the front of 在……范围内的前面
go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院
in charge of 负责 in the charge of 被……负责
重点小练
(1)The cakes are delicious.Tom ’d like to have______third one because______second one is rather too small.
A.a;a B./;the C.a;the D.the;a
(2)—Mary doesn’t like talking on_____telephone.He prefers writing____letters.
A. a;the B.the;/ C.the;the D.a;/
(3)I knew________Michael Jackson,but not________famous one.
A. The;/ B.a;the C.a;/ D.the;a
(4)______more you practice,______fewer mistakes you will make.
A. a;the B./;/ C.a;/ D.the;the
(5)Jerry doesn’t like playing_____football.She likes playing_____violin.
A. a;the B./;the C.the;/ D./;a
(6)—Jason,shall we go for a picnic this Sunday?
— Ok. Let’s add it to______weekend plan.
A. a B.an C.the D./
(7)To celebrate_______60th birthday of the Chinese People’s Army Navy,there was______great parade in Qingdao on April 23rd.
A. A;the B./;a C.a;a D.the;a
(8)Linda’s aunt has two children, a son and a daughter.The son is____ teacher and_____daughter is a nurse.
A. a;the B.an;the C.the;a D.an;a
(9)—Have you seen_____watch? I left it here this morning?
—I think I saw one somewhere.Is it______new one?
A. a;/ B.a;the C.the;a D.a;a
(10)—What's the matter with your sister?
—She caught______bad cold and had to stay in ____bed.
A. a;/ B.the;/ C.a;the D.the;the
好题必测
(1)More and more foreign students come to China to learn________Chinese.
A. an B.a C.one D./
(2)June ________first is______Children’s Day.
A. the;a B.the;/ C.a;a D.an;the
(3)Tina earns 60 dollars _____hour as____supermarket cashier on Saturday.
A. a;the B.a;a C.an;a D.an;an
(4)Bobby wants to see that movie_______second time because it is quite____wonderful movie.
A. the;a B.a;the C.a;a D.a;an
(5)The education of____young is always ______ serious topic.
A.the;a B.the;the C.a;a D./;a
(6)Do you like______movie Dangal?
—Yes.It’s________educational movie.I like it very much.
A. the;an B.a;a C.an;a D./;the
(7)Betty is____ university student.She likes playing_______piano.
A. an;a B.a;a C.an;the D.a;the
(8)When you finish reading the book,you will have_____better understanding of______life.
A. a;/ B.a;a C.the;a D.a;the
(9)Jim bought___car yesterday,but it’s_______used one.
A. a;a B.an;a C.the;a D.the;the
(10)Sarah is a girl with______outgoing personality.
A. a B.an C./ D.the
(11)—Do you know________boy with glasses over there?
—Yes,he is Jim,my classmate.He plays_____volleyball very well.
A. a;the B.the;a C.the;/ D.the;the
(12)—________nice gift you have given to me!
—We’re glad you like it.
A. How B.What C.How a D.What a
(13)The Chinese Dream is________dream to improve people’s well-being and________dream of harmony,peace and development.
A. the;a B.a;a C.a;the D.the;the
(14)Lucy is_____European and Green is_______American.
A.an;an B.a;an C.an;a D.a;a
(15)People,especially the teens,think it_______great fun to surf on____Internet.
A. a;the B.a;/ C./;the D.the;the
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