2024年中考英语 语法形容词、副词精讲&专项练习

中考语法形容词、副词精讲&专项练习 一、形容词 定义:形容词是用来描述或修饰名词或代词,表示人或物的性质、特征或状态的词汇。 形容词的作用 1.作定语:修饰名词,放在名词之前。例如:a beautiful flower(一朵美丽的花),an interesting book(一本有趣的书)。 2.作表语:放在系动词之后,说明主语的性质或特征。常见的系动词有 be(am/is/are/was/were),seem,look,feel,sound,taste,smell 等。例如:She is happy.(她很开心。) The soup tastes delicious.(这汤尝起来很美味。) 3.作宾语补足语:补充说明宾语的特征或状态。例如:We keep the room clean.(我们保持房间干净。) 形容词的比较级和最高级 规则变化: (1)一般在词尾加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级。例如:tall - taller - tallest (2)以不发音的 e 结尾的形容词,直接加 -r 构成比较级,加 -st 构成最高级。例如:nice - nicer - nicest (3)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级。例如:big - bigger - biggest (4)以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的形容词,先把 y 变为 i,再加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级。例如:busy - busier - busiest 不规则变化: 例如:good/well - better - best,bad/ill - worse - worst,many/much - more - most,little - less - least,far - farther/further - farthest/furthest 比较级的用法 (1)表示两者之间的比较,常用 “比较级 + than” 结构。例如:He is taller than me.(他比我高。) (2)比较级前可以用 much,a little,even,far 等修饰,表示程度的加深。例如:This book is much more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本有趣得多。) 最高级的用法 (1)表示三者或三者以上的比较,常用 “the + 最高级 + 比较范围” 结构。例如:She is the most beautiful girl in our class.(她是我们班最漂亮的女孩。) (2)比较范围常用 of 短语或 in 短语。例如:Of all the students, he studies the hardest.(在所有学生中,他学习最努力。) She is the tallest in her family.(她在她家里是最高的。) 二、副词 1.定义:副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 2.副词的分类 时间副词:如 now,then,yesterday,tomorrow 等。 地点副词:如 here,there,home,abroad 等。 方式副词:如 carefully,quickly,slowly,happily 等。 程度副词:如 very,quite,too,enough 等。 频率副词:如 always,often,sometimes,never 等。 3.副词的比较级和最高级 规则变化与形容词类似。 不规则变化:例如:well - better - best,badly - worse - worst,much - more - most,little - less - least,far - farther/further - farthest/furthest 副词的位置 一般放在动词之后。例如:He runs fast. 修饰形容词或副词时,放在被修饰词之前。例如:very good,quite carefully 三、形容词和副词的转换 形容词变副词的规则 一般在形容词词尾加 -ly。例如:quick - quickly,slow - slowly 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的形容词,先把 y 变为 i,再加 -ly。例如:happy - happily,angry - angrily 有些形容词和副词形式相同,如:fast,hard,late 等。 注意事项 有些以 -ly 结尾的词是形容词,而不是副词,如:friendly,lovely,lively 等。 专项练习 一、选择题 1.This book is _ than that one. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting 2.She sings _. A. beautiful B. beautifully C. more beautifully 3.The weather is getting _. A. warm and warm B. warmer and warmer C. warmest and warmest 4.Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest 5.He runs _ than I. A. fast B. faster C. fastest 6.The room is _ enough. A. big B. bigger C. biggest 7.This dress is _ than that one. A. expensive B. more expensive C. most expensive 8.Lucy studies _ of all the students. A. hard B. harder C. hardest 9.My sister is _ than me. A. old B. older C. oldest 10.The story is _ and I'm _ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Who runs _ (fast), Tom or Jack? 2.This question is _ (difficult) than that one. 3.She is _ (careful) in our class. 4.The _ (much) you practice, the _ (good) you'll be. 5.It's getting _ and _ (hot). 6.This box is _ (heavy) than that one. 7.He plays the piano _ (well) than me. 8.I'm feeling _ (bad) today than yesterday. 9.The Yangtze River is one of the _ (long) rivers in the world. 10.Of all the subjects, I think English is the _ (interesting). 三、完成句子 1.他比我高得多。 He is _ _ than me. 2.今天比昨天冷。 It is _ today _ yesterday. 3.她唱得越来越好听了。 She sings _ and _. 4.这个城市越来越漂亮了。 This city is becoming _ and _. 5.他学习是班上最努力的。 He studies _ in the class. 6.这本书和那本书一样有趣。 This book is _ _ _ that one. 7.她是两个女孩中较漂亮的那个。 She is the _ of the two girls. 8.我的英语不如你的好。 My English is not _ _ _ yours. 9.他跑得尽可能快。 He runs as _ as _. 10.你越小心,犯的错误就越少。 The _ careful you are, the _ mistakes you'll make. 一、选择题 BBBCB ABCBA 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.faster 2.more difficult 3.the most careful 4.more; better 5.hotter; hotter 6.heavier 7.better 8.worse 9.longest 10.most interesting 三、完成句子 1.much taller 2.colder; than 3.better; better 4.more; more beautiful 5.the hardest 6.as interesting as 7.prettier 8.as good as 9.fast; possible 10.more; fewer 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$