必修第二册 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking 课文讲义 整体掌握 人教版高中英语 2024-2025学年高一同步一线课堂 2-4-2

必修第二册 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking 课文讲义 整体掌握 人教版高中英语2024-2025学年高一同步一线课堂 学生版 2-4-2 目 录 ◆阅读清障 Ⅰ. 单词认读关（先填后记诵） Ⅱ. 语块记诵关（先填后记诵） ◆课文结构图解 ◆课文释译，重点词汇标注，重点句型讲解 ◆理解探究 SKIMMING • 整体理解 • 文本宏观框架 SCANNING • 细节探究 • 文本微观剖析 REREADING • 主题实践 • 阅读思维升华 RETELLING • 整体掌握 • 文本知识浓缩 Reading and Thinking ◆阅读清障 Ⅰ. 单词认读关（先填后记诵） 1. Confucius ________________ 孔子的哲学 2. one of Confucius ’ ________________ 孔子的后代之一 3. meaning of the ________________ words 单个词的意思 4. the United ________________ 联合王国 5. two ________________advantages 两个主要优势  6. the ________________ country 附近的国家 7. share the same ________________ 共用同样的货币 8. ________________ England 战胜了英格兰 9. the well-known ________________ of Hastings 著名的黑斯廷斯战役 10. names of many ________________ 许多地方的命名 11. an ancient ________________city 一座古老的港口城市  12. solve the ________________ 解决这个困惑→ puzzling(adj. )令人困惑的→ puzzled(adj. )困惑的; 迷惑不解的 13. military ________________ 军事防御→ defend(v. ) your homeland保卫你的祖国 14. ________________ system 法律制度→run the company legally (adv. )合法经营公司→an ________________(adj. ) activity一个非法活动 15. be ________________by trees被树木所围绕→the surrounding(adj. ) villages周边的村庄→the strange surroundings(n. ) 陌生的周边环境  16. find enough ________________找到足够的证据→become more evident(adj. )变得更加明朗 17. their great ________________(n. )他们巨大的成就→ ________________ (vt. )your goal实现你的目标 18. a ________________ mix 迷人的交融→those fascinated(adj. ) audience那些入迷的观众→the fascination(n. ) of the game这个游戏的魅力→________________ (vt. )all of us使我们都着迷 Ⅱ. 语块记诵关（先填后记诵） 1. ________________　 　把……和……连接或联结起来 2. ________________ (from sb. /sth. ) 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱 3. ________________ 属于  4. ________________ 同(一样也); 和; 还  5. ________________(for) 留心; 留意  6. a little bit ________________ 7. result in ________________ 8. refer to ________________ 9. work together ________________ 10. take over ________________ 11. leave behind ________________ 12. date back to ________________ · 课文结构图示 ◆ 课文释译 词汇助读 原文 译文 ①puzzle/'pʌzl/n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑 puzzling/'pʌzlɪŋ/adj. 令人困惑的，令人费解的 puzzled/'pʌzld/adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的 ②nearby/ˌnɪə'baɪ/adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近 ③join. . . to. . . 把……和……连接/联结起来 ④break away from从……脱离/逃脱 ⑤result in造成，导致 ⑥shorten/'ʃɔːtn/vt. & vi. (使)缩短，变短 此处shorten与name之间是逻辑动宾关系，故用过去分词shortened作前置定语修饰name。 ⑦refer to. . . as. . . 把……称为…… ⑧belong/bɪ'lɒŋ/vi. 应在(某处)；适应 belong to属于 ⑨area n. 领域，范围；方面 ⑩as well as也；和；还 ⑪currency/'kʌrənsi/n. 通货；货币 [思考]你知道我国和其他国家的货币单位的英文表达和货币符号吗？ ⑫military/'mɪlətri/adj. 军事的；军用的 ⑬defence/dɪ'fens/n. 防御；保卫 defend/dɪ'fend/vt. & vi. (为……)辩护；保卫，保护 ⑭legal/'liːɡl/adj. 法律的；合法的 [反义]illegal adj. 非法的，违法的 ⑮surround/sə'raʊnd/vt. 围绕；包围 ⑯evidence/'evidəns/n. 证据；证明 ⑰take over控制，接管(政党、国家等) ⑱achievement/ə'tʃiːvmənt/n. 成就；成绩；达到 achieve v. 实现；获得成功 ⑲leave behind留下；落后 [思考]你还知道哪些leave构成的短语呢？ ⑳location/ləʊ'keɪʃn/n. 地方；地点；位置 conquer/'kɒŋkə(r)/vt. 占领；征服；控制 conqueror/'kɒŋkərə(r)/n. 征服者 battle/'bætl/n. 战役；搏斗 vt. & vi. 搏斗；奋斗 make changes to. . . 对……作出改变 port/pɔːt/n. 港口(城市) date back to (＝date from)追溯到…… fascinating/'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 fascinate v. 深深吸引，迷住 fascinated adj. 入迷的，极感兴趣的 keep one's eyes open (for)留心；留意 WHAT'S IN A NAME? 【1】 The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England — many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any 【2】？ Getting to know a little bit about British history 【3】 will help you solve this puzzle①. 【1】[标题赏析]“WHAT'S IN A NAME？”用疑问句点出文章的关键信息NAME。以此作为课文标题的好处：一是反映文章的主要内容——名字；二是设置悬念，引起读者的阅读兴趣。 【2】if any是一个省略句，补充完整为if there is any difference。 【3】Getting to know a little bit about British history为v. -ing短语，在句中作主语，其谓语常用单数形式。 In the 16th century, the nearby② country of Wales was joined to③ the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain 【4】. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from④ the UK, which resulted in⑤ the full name we have today 【5】： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened⑥ name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as⑦ Britain or Great Britain. 【4】不定式短语to create the Kingdom of Great Britain在句中作结果状语。下一句中的to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland也是作结果状语。 【5】此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句且在从句中作主语；在该从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句we have today，其先行词为the full name。 The four countries that belong⑧ to the United Kingdom work together in some areas⑨. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack 【6】， as well as⑩ share the same currency⑪ and military⑫ defence⑬. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal⑭ systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! 【6】过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰flag。 The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK 【7】， you will be surrounded⑮ by evidence⑯ of four different groups of people who took over⑰ at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements⑱ included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses 【8】. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind⑲ lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations⑳ across the UK. The last group were the Normans. 【9】 They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built 【10】 all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language. 【7】此处是everywhere引导的地点状语从句，everywhere表示“到处，处处”。 【8】people built houses为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 【9】group是集体名词，此处表示组成集体的分散个体，故谓语动词用复数形式；若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。 【10】此处是“have sth. done”结构，表示“使……被……”。 There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable 【11】. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times 【12】. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open， you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 【11】此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词短语much more enjoyable作宾补。 【12】此处是as引导的原因状语从句，其中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词city；现在分词短语dating all the way back to Roman times作后置定语，修饰a history。 名字有什么意义？ 联合王国，大不列颠，不列颠，英格兰——许多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。如果确有不同含义的话，那它们之间的区别是什么呢？了解一点英国历史将有助于你解开这个谜题。 16世纪，邻国威尔士加入英格兰王国。随后，18世纪，苏格兰并入，从而创建了大不列颠王国。19世纪，爱尔兰王国加入，形成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，最终形成了我们现在的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只使用其简称：“联合王国”或“英国”。来自英国的人被称为“British(英国人)”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。 属于英国的这四个国家在某些领域携手并进。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。然而，他们也有不同之处。比如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰以及北爱尔兰都有着不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也拥有自己的传统，像自己的国庆节和国菜。他们甚至有自己的足球队参加世界杯这样的(国际)赛事！ 英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可供探索，这些历史可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统。在英国，无论你走到何处，你几乎都会被来自四个不同群体的人留下的痕迹所包围，他们在不同的历史时期统治着英国。第一批是罗马人，于公元一世纪来到这里。他们的伟大功绩包括建设城镇和道路。接下来，是公元五世纪来到这里的盎格鲁—撒克逊人。他们带来了英语的开端，还改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人出现在八世纪，留下了许多新的词汇，也给英国许多地方赋予了名字。最后一批是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英国。他们在英格兰各地建造了许多城堡，对法律体系进行了改革。诺曼人是法国人，所以许多法语单词慢慢地传入了英语。 有关英国有趣的历史和文化，需要学习的还有很多。研究这个国家的历史会让你的旅行更加愉悦。首都伦敦是一个很不错的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，可追溯到罗马时代。这里有着无数的历史遗迹可以探索，还有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。英国是一个古老历史和现代文化交融的迷人国度，新旧传统兼而有之。如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现自己可以看到它的过去和现在。 ▶理解探究 SKIMMING • 整体理解 • 文本宏观框架 1. The text mainly tells us _____________ A. British English B. the origin of the British name C. British history about the United Kingdom D. the advantage of studying the history about the United Kingdom 2. Match the main idea for each paragraph. Para. 1　　　　 A. Explains the four invasions and their influences. Para. 2 B. States topic to be examined in the reading. Para. 3 C. Studying the history of the country will make one's visit much more enjoyable. Para. 4 D. Explains what the term “Great Britain” means and how it came about. Para. 5　　　　 E. Explains differences in the four countries. SCANNING • 细节探究 • 文本微观剖析 Step 3. Long sentence analysis. 1. 译文: _______________________________, 你都会被四个不同群体的人的证据所包围, _______________________________。 2. 译文: 首都伦敦是一个非常好的开始参观的地方, _______________________________, 它的历史可以 _______________________________。 Step 4. Choose the best answer according to the text. 1. When did Southern Ireland break away from the UK? A. In the 16th century. B. In the 18th century. C. In the 19th century. D. In the 20th century. 2. What do the UK's four countries have in common? A. They share the same national day. B. They share the same military defence. C. They have a common legal system. D. They have a common sports team to compete between countries. 3. Which group of people was the first to set foot on the UK? A. The Normans. B. The Romans. C. The Vikings. D. The Anglo-Saxons. 4. What happened to England in the 11th century according to the text? A. The Romans built towns and roads in England. B. The Anglo-Saxons brought in the English language. C. The Normans became the conqueror of England. D. The Vikings introduced many new words into England. 5. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The attractions of the UK. B. The long and interesting history of the UK. C. The historic sites of the UK. D. The past and present of the UK. Step 5. 概要写作微技能(四)——用一句话概括全文 My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school. She was writing because she wanted to thank him for having a great influence in her life. In the letter she wrote，“You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math. Before you came to teach us，I had been terribly poor at math，and had never thought that I would be interested in it. To my surprise，you magically showed me the beauty of math. I guess that was the turning point of my attitude towards it. Gradually my interest in it began to grow. Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university. Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center in California. You played an important part. Thank you！” What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher！My husband has received many letters from his students over the years. This one was special，for it arrived at this time in his life when he is in very poor health. 1. 谁做了什么？(who did what？) ①My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman. ②She wanted to thank him for his encouragement. 2. 结果怎么样？(what was the result？) It was a wonderful gift to a retired teacher. 3. 文章揭示了什么，说明了什么道理？(what was the meaning？) A good teacher might have a great effect on his students. 概要归纳： ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. REREADING • 主题实践 • 阅读思维升华 Step 6. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks. Step 7. Reread the passage and answer the following questions. 1. Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it? (Critical Thinking批判性思维) ______________________________________________________________ 2. How do you prepare a trip? (Divergent Thinking发散性思维) ______________________________________________________________ RETELLING • 整体掌握 • 文本知识浓缩 1. 学习阅读策略点拨 1. Skim(略读) Skim指“略读”, 又称浏览, 指的是跳过文章的具体细节不看, 只看文章的图片、标题或者各段的主旨句等, 在短时间内迅速掌握文章的主旨和大意的阅读方法。它属于理解性技能。 2. 如何用Skim策略找主题句 (1)段落首句是主题句的规律 ①给予例证、解释或说明的段落 ②下定义的段落 ③对两个或两个以上的事物作比较或对比的段落 ④表明原因和结果(往往结果交代在前)的段落 (2)段落的中间句是主题句的规律 段落特征: 描述细节——提出主题——解释或提问 (3)段落尾句是主题句的规律 段落特征: 描述细节或交代论据——做出概括 2. Sentence Rewriting 本文主要讲述了英国的发展历史。本文一开始提到人们的困惑：联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英国有什么不同，然后按照时间顺序介绍了英国的发展历史以及其对我们游览的帮助。文章是以“总—分—总”结构来行文的。 明线 暗线 行文结构 第一部分(Para. 1) What these 1. ______________ names mean？ 2. ______________ 总 第二部分(Paras. 2～4) How the full name is 3. ______________？ under－ standing 分 The four countries work together in some areas. We can see many 4. ______________ left behind. 第三部分 (Para. 5) Visiting 5. ______________. enjoyable 总 3. 语篇总结归纳: 主题深化 Many people are confused about the 1. ______________(mean) of the names: the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain and England. 2. ______________ (solve) this puzzle, knowing a little bit about British history will help.   In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3. ______________(join) to the Kingdom of England, followed by the country Scotland in 18th century. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 4. ______________ (final), in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away 5. ______________the UK, resulting in the full name we have today: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, 6. ______________ means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.   Even though the four countries which 7. ______________ (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas, such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8. ______________ (defend), they also have some differences. Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9. ______________ long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and 10. ______________ (it) traditions. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第二册 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking 课文讲义 整体掌握 人教版高中英语2024-2025学年高一同步一线课堂 教师版 2-4-2 目 录 ◆阅读清障 Ⅰ. 单词认读关（先填后记诵） Ⅱ. 语块记诵关（先填后记诵） ◆课文结构图解 ◆课文释译，重点词汇标注，重点句型讲解 ◆理解探究 SKIMMING • 整体理解 • 文本宏观框架 SCANNING • 细节探究 • 文本微观剖析 REREADING • 主题实践 • 阅读思维升华 RETELLING • 整体掌握 • 文本知识浓缩 Reading and Thinking ◆阅读清障 Ⅰ. 单词认读关（先填后记诵） 1. Confucius ________________ 孔子的哲学 2. one of Confucius ’ ________________ 孔子的后代之一 3. meaning of the ________________ words 单个词的意思 4. the United ________________ 联合王国 5. two ________________advantages 两个主要优势  6. the ________________ country 附近的国家 7. share the same ________________ 共用同样的货币 8. ________________ England 战胜了英格兰 9. the well-known ________________ of Hastings 著名的黑斯廷斯战役 10. names of many ________________ 许多地方的命名 11. an ancient ________________city 一座古老的港口城市  12. solve the ________________ 解决这个困惑→ puzzling(adj. )令人困惑的→ puzzled(adj. )困惑的; 迷惑不解的 13. military ________________ 军事防御→ defend(v. ) your homeland保卫你的祖国 14. ________________ system 法律制度→run the company legally (adv. )合法经营公司→an ________________(adj. ) activity一个非法活动 15. be ________________by trees被树木所围绕→the surrounding(adj. ) villages周边的村庄→the strange surroundings(n. ) 陌生的周边环境  16. find enough ________________找到足够的证据→become more evident(adj. )变得更加明朗 17. their great ________________(n. )他们巨大的成就→ ________________ (vt. )your goal实现你的目标 18. a ________________ mix 迷人的交融→those fascinated(adj. ) audience那些入迷的观众→the fascination(n. ) of the game这个游戏的魅力→________________ (vt. )all of us使我们都着迷 【答案】 1. philosophy 2. descendants 3. individual 4. Kingdom 5. chief 6. nearby 7. currency 8. conquered 9. Battle 10. locations 11. port 12. puzzle 13. defence 14. legal; illegal 15. surrounded 16. evidence 17. achievements; achieve 18. fascinating; fascinate Ⅱ. 语块记诵关（先填后记诵） 1. ________________　 　把……和……连接或联结起来 2. ________________ (from sb. /sth. ) 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱 3. ________________ 属于  4. ________________ 同(一样也); 和; 还  5. ________________(for) 留心; 留意  6. a little bit ________________ 7. result in ________________ 8. refer to ________________ 9. work together ________________ 10. take over ________________ 11. leave behind ________________ 12. date back to ________________ 【答案】 1. join. . . to. . . 2. break away 3. belong to 4. as well as 5. keep your eyes open 6. 一点 7. 导致 8. 提到; 涉及 9. 合作 10. 接管 11. 留下 12. 追溯到 · 课文结构图示 ◆ 课文释译 词汇助读 原文 译文 ①puzzle/'pʌzl/n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑 puzzling/'pʌzlɪŋ/adj. 令人困惑的，令人费解的 puzzled/'pʌzld/adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的 ②nearby/ˌnɪə'baɪ/adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近 ③join. . . to. . . 把……和……连接/联结起来 ④break away from从……脱离/逃脱 ⑤result in造成，导致 ⑥shorten/'ʃɔːtn/vt. & vi. (使)缩短，变短 此处shorten与name之间是逻辑动宾关系，故用过去分词shortened作前置定语修饰name。 ⑦refer to. . . as. . . 把……称为…… ⑧belong/bɪ'lɒŋ/vi. 应在(某处)；适应 belong to属于 ⑨area n. 领域，范围；方面 ⑩as well as也；和；还 ⑪currency/'kʌrənsi/n. 通货；货币 [思考]你知道我国和其他国家的货币单位的英文表达和货币符号吗？ ⑫military/'mɪlətri/adj. 军事的；军用的 ⑬defence/dɪ'fens/n. 防御；保卫 defend/dɪ'fend/vt. & vi. (为……)辩护；保卫，保护 ⑭legal/'liːɡl/adj. 法律的；合法的 [反义]illegal adj. 非法的，违法的 ⑮surround/sə'raʊnd/vt. 围绕；包围 ⑯evidence/'evidəns/n. 证据；证明 ⑰take over控制，接管(政党、国家等) ⑱achievement/ə'tʃiːvmənt/n. 成就；成绩；达到 achieve v. 实现；获得成功 ⑲leave behind留下；落后 [思考]你还知道哪些leave构成的短语呢？ ⑳location/ləʊ'keɪʃn/n. 地方；地点；位置 conquer/'kɒŋkə(r)/vt. 占领；征服；控制 conqueror/'kɒŋkərə(r)/n. 征服者 battle/'bætl/n. 战役；搏斗 vt. & vi. 搏斗；奋斗 make changes to. . . 对……作出改变 port/pɔːt/n. 港口(城市) date back to (＝date from)追溯到…… fascinating/'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 fascinate v. 深深吸引，迷住 fascinated adj. 入迷的，极感兴趣的 keep one's eyes open (for)留心；留意 WHAT'S IN A NAME? 【1】 The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England — many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any 【2】？ Getting to know a little bit about British history 【3】 will help you solve this puzzle①. 【1】[标题赏析]“WHAT'S IN A NAME？”用疑问句点出文章的关键信息NAME。以此作为课文标题的好处：一是反映文章的主要内容——名字；二是设置悬念，引起读者的阅读兴趣。 【2】if any是一个省略句，补充完整为if there is any difference。 【3】Getting to know a little bit about British history为v. -ing短语，在句中作主语，其谓语常用单数形式。 In the 16th century, the nearby② country of Wales was joined to③ the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain 【4】. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from④ the UK, which resulted in⑤ the full name we have today 【5】： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened⑥ name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as⑦ Britain or Great Britain. 【4】不定式短语to create the Kingdom of Great Britain在句中作结果状语。下一句中的to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland也是作结果状语。 【5】此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句且在从句中作主语；在该从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句we have today，其先行词为the full name。 The four countries that belong⑧ to the United Kingdom work together in some areas⑨. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack 【6】， as well as⑩ share the same currency⑪ and military⑫ defence⑬. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal⑭ systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! 【6】过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰flag。 The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK 【7】， you will be surrounded⑮ by evidence⑯ of four different groups of people who took over⑰ at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements⑱ included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses 【8】. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind⑲ lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations⑳ across the UK. The last group were the Normans. 【9】 They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built 【10】 all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language. 【7】此处是everywhere引导的地点状语从句，everywhere表示“到处，处处”。 【8】people built houses为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 【9】group是集体名词，此处表示组成集体的分散个体，故谓语动词用复数形式；若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。 【10】此处是“have sth. done”结构，表示“使……被……”。 There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable 【11】. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times 【12】. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open， you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 【11】此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词短语much more enjoyable作宾补。 【12】此处是as引导的原因状语从句，其中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词city；现在分词短语dating all the way back to Roman times作后置定语，修饰a history。 名字有什么意义？ 联合王国，大不列颠，不列颠，英格兰——许多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。如果确有不同含义的话，那它们之间的区别是什么呢？了解一点英国历史将有助于你解开这个谜题。 16世纪，邻国威尔士加入英格兰王国。随后，18世纪，苏格兰并入，从而创建了大不列颠王国。19世纪，爱尔兰王国加入，形成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，最终形成了我们现在的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只使用其简称：“联合王国”或“英国”。来自英国的人被称为“British(英国人)”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。 属于英国的这四个国家在某些领域携手并进。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。然而，他们也有不同之处。比如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰以及北爱尔兰都有着不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也拥有自己的传统，像自己的国庆节和国菜。他们甚至有自己的足球队参加世界杯这样的(国际)赛事！ 英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可供探索，这些历史可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统。在英国，无论你走到何处，你几乎都会被来自四个不同群体的人留下的痕迹所包围，他们在不同的历史时期统治着英国。第一批是罗马人，于公元一世纪来到这里。他们的伟大功绩包括建设城镇和道路。接下来，是公元五世纪来到这里的盎格鲁—撒克逊人。他们带来了英语的开端，还改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人出现在八世纪，留下了许多新的词汇，也给英国许多地方赋予了名字。最后一批是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英国。他们在英格兰各地建造了许多城堡，对法律体系进行了改革。诺曼人是法国人，所以许多法语单词慢慢地传入了英语。 有关英国有趣的历史和文化，需要学习的还有很多。研究这个国家的历史会让你的旅行更加愉悦。首都伦敦是一个很不错的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，可追溯到罗马时代。这里有着无数的历史遗迹可以探索，还有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。英国是一个古老历史和现代文化交融的迷人国度，新旧传统兼而有之。如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现自己可以看到它的过去和现在。 ▶理解探究 SKIMMING • 整体理解 • 文本宏观框架 1. The text mainly tells us _____________ A. British English B. the origin of the British name C. British history about the United Kingdom D. the advantage of studying the history about the United Kingdom 2. Match the main idea for each paragraph. Para. 1　　　　 A. Explains the four invasions and their influences. Para. 2 B. States topic to be examined in the reading. Para. 3 C. Studying the history of the country will make one's visit much more enjoyable. Para. 4 D. Explains what the term “Great Britain” means and how it came about. Para. 5　　　　 E. Explains differences in the four countries. 【答案】 1. C 2. Paras. 1－5 BDEAC SCANNING • 细节探究 • 文本微观剖析 Step 3. Long sentence analysis. 1. 译文: _______________________________, 你都会被四个不同群体的人的证据所包围, _______________________________。 2. 译文: 首都伦敦是一个非常好的开始参观的地方, _______________________________, 它的历史可以 _______________________________。 【答案】 1. 几乎无论你到英国的任何地方；这些人在整个历史的不同时期接管过这些地方 2. 因为它是一个古老的港口城市；追溯到罗马时期 Step 4. Choose the best answer according to the text. 1. When did Southern Ireland break away from the UK? A. In the 16th century. B. In the 18th century. C. In the 19th century. D. In the 20th century. 2. What do the UK's four countries have in common? A. They share the same national day. B. They share the same military defence. C. They have a common legal system. D. They have a common sports team to compete between countries. 3. Which group of people was the first to set foot on the UK? A. The Normans. B. The Romans. C. The Vikings. D. The Anglo-Saxons. 4. What happened to England in the 11th century according to the text? A. The Romans built towns and roads in England. B. The Anglo-Saxons brought in the English language. C. The Normans became the conqueror of England. D. The Vikings introduced many new words into England. 5. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The attractions of the UK. B. The long and interesting history of the UK. C. The historic sites of the UK. D. The past and present of the UK. 【答案】 1. D　2. B　3. B　4. C　5. A Step 5. 概要写作微技能(四)——用一句话概括全文 My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school. She was writing because she wanted to thank him for having a great influence in her life. In the letter she wrote，“You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math. Before you came to teach us，I had been terribly poor at math，and had never thought that I would be interested in it. To my surprise，you magically showed me the beauty of math. I guess that was the turning point of my attitude towards it. Gradually my interest in it began to grow. Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university. Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center in California. You played an important part. Thank you！” What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher！My husband has received many letters from his students over the years. This one was special，for it arrived at this time in his life when he is in very poor health. 1. 谁做了什么？(who did what？) ①My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman. ②She wanted to thank him for his encouragement. 2. 结果怎么样？(what was the result？) It was a wonderful gift to a retired teacher. 3. 文章揭示了什么，说明了什么道理？(what was the meaning？) A good teacher might have a great effect on his students. 概要归纳： ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 The story tells us that a former student wrote to the author's husband a thankful letter，which meant a lot to him. From the letter，the author learnt that a good teacher might have a great effect on his students. REREADING • 主题实践 • 阅读思维升华 Step 6. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks. 【答案】 1. are confused　2. related　3. puzzle　4. were added　5. broke away from　6. belong to　7. sharing　8. history　9. traditions　10. dating Step 7. Reread the passage and answer the following questions. 1. Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it? (Critical Thinking批判性思维) ______________________________________________________________ 2. How do you prepare a trip? (Divergent Thinking发散性思维) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. To make your visit much more enjoyable and joyful. 2. A detailed plan, necessary objects and learning about local culture and tradition.   RETELLING • 整体掌握 • 文本知识浓缩 1. 学习阅读策略点拨 1. Skim(略读) Skim指“略读”, 又称浏览, 指的是跳过文章的具体细节不看, 只看文章的图片、标题或者各段的主旨句等, 在短时间内迅速掌握文章的主旨和大意的阅读方法。它属于理解性技能。 2. 如何用Skim策略找主题句 (1)段落首句是主题句的规律 ①给予例证、解释或说明的段落 ②下定义的段落 ③对两个或两个以上的事物作比较或对比的段落 ④表明原因和结果(往往结果交代在前)的段落 (2)段落的中间句是主题句的规律 段落特征: 描述细节——提出主题——解释或提问 (3)段落尾句是主题句的规律 段落特征: 描述细节或交代论据——做出概括 2. Sentence Rewriting 本文主要讲述了英国的发展历史。本文一开始提到人们的困惑：联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英国有什么不同，然后按照时间顺序介绍了英国的发展历史以及其对我们游览的帮助。文章是以“总—分—总”结构来行文的。 明线 暗线 行文结构 第一部分(Para. 1) What these 1. ______________ names mean？ 2. ______________ 总 第二部分(Paras. 2～4) How the full name is 3. ______________？ under－ standing 分 The four countries work together in some areas. We can see many 4. ______________ left behind. 第三部分 (Para. 5) Visiting 5. ______________. enjoyable 总 【答案】 1. different 2. confused 3. formed 4. evidences 5. attractions 3. 语篇总结归纳: 主题深化 Many people are confused about the 1. ______________(mean) of the names: the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain and England. 2. ______________ (solve) this puzzle, knowing a little bit about British history will help.   In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3. ______________(join) to the Kingdom of England, followed by the country Scotland in 18th century. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 4. ______________ (final), in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away 5. ______________the UK, resulting in the full name we have today: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, 6. ______________ means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.   Even though the four countries which 7. ______________ (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas, such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8. ______________ (defend), they also have some differences. Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9. ______________ long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and 10. ______________ (it) traditions. 【答案】 1. meaning 2. To solve 3. was joined 4. Finally 5. from 6. which 7. belong 8. defence 9. a 10. its 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$