Unit7-8语法-被动语态讲义+练习2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

译林八年级下Unit7-8语法 被动语态讲义+练习 动词语态 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 例：Many people speak Chinese.（许多人说中文。） →主语many people是speak这一动作的执行者 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 例：Chinese is spoken by many people.（很多人都说中文。） →主语Chinese是speak这一动作的承受者 被动语态的句型 （1）肯定句：主语+be+过去分词（+by...） 例：The desk was made by my father.（这张桌子是我父亲做的。） （2）否定句：主语+be not+过去分词（+by...） 例：The desk was not made by my father.（这张桌子不是我父亲做的。） （3）一般疑问句：--Be+主语+过去分词（+by...）? --Yes,主语+be./ No,主语+be not. 例：--Was the desk made by your father?（这张桌子是你父亲做的吗？） --Yes, it was./ No, it wasn’t. （4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be（+主语）+过去分词（+by...）? 例：What is this kind of sweater made of?（这种毛衣是用什么做的？） 被动语态的基本用法 ①不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者 例：The machine was invented in 1876.（该机器发明于 1876 年。） ②强调动作的承受者 例：She is greatly influenced by her parents.（她深受父母的影响。） ③当动作的执行者是泛指时 例：He is suspected of robbing the bank.（有人怀疑他抢劫银行。） ④出于礼貌不提出动作的执行者 例：I have been told many times not to make noises.（有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。） ⑤有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 例：He was born in this city.（他出生在这个城市。） It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand.（据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。） 被动语态的各种时态形式 1. 一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他 例：These books are designed for children.（这些书是为孩子们设计的。） 2. 一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词+其他 例：The cars were made in Shanghai.（这些车是上海生产的。） 3. 一般将来时：主语+will be/be going to be+过去分词+其他 例：Your job will be kept open for your return.（你的工作将保留到你回来。） The food is going to be eaten by the dog soon. （这些食物马上就会被狗吃掉。） 4. 现在进行时：主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 例：Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi.（因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。） 5. 过去进行时：主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 例：The hall was being built last year. I’m not sure if it is completed. （这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。） 6. 现在完成时：主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 例：He has been sent to work in Shanghai.（他已经被派往上海工作了。） 7. 过去完成时：主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 例：A new hotel had been built when I got there.（我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。） 8. 情态动词：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+其他 例：Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。 主动语态变为被动语态 （1）含有单个宾语的主动句（主+谓+宾）： ①主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾格变主格 ②谓语变为被动结构（be+过去分词） ③主动语态的主语变为被动语态的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导，有时可省略。 ★口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动 例：The famous professor gave two lectures in English. →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 （2）含有双宾的主动句（主+谓+间宾+直宾）： ①将间接宾语化为主语，则保留直接宾语 例：He give me a book. →I was given a book by him.（将间宾me改为主语） ②将直接宾语化为主语，则保留间接宾语。且在被保留的间接宾语前加介词to或for ★注意：加to的动词：give, bring, pass, lend, write, show等 加for的动词：buy, choose, get等 例：He give me a book. →A book was give to me by him.（将直宾a book改为主语） （3）含有复合宾语的主动句（主+谓+宾+宾补）： 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动（成为主语补足语，简称主补）。 例：They painted the room white. →The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。 （4） 含有动词短语作谓语的主动句： 【易错提示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。 例：They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of.（of不可省略） 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 （5） 感官动词（look, see, hear, watch, feel, notice等）、使役动词（let, make, have等）后接动词原形作宾补，在主动句中不带to，变为被动语态时需要加to 例：We often hear the girl sing in her room. →The girl is often heard to sing in the room. 经常听到女孩在房间里唱歌。 被动语态的注意事项 1. 主动形式表被动意义的情况 ①look, smell, taste, feel, sound, prove等系动词用主动表示被动意义 例：The cake smells delicious.（蛋糕闻起来很香。） ②lock, wash, open, move, read, write, cut, sell, drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动表示被动意义 例：The cloth washes well.（这种布料好洗。） The book sells quickly.（这书销售的快。） ③be worth+doing“值得...” 例：This film is worth seeing.（这部电影值得看。） want/need/require+doing“需要...”=want/need/require+to be done 例：My watch needs repairing/to be repaired.（我的手表需要修理。） My clothes want washing/to be washed.（我的衣服需要洗了。） 2. 不能用被动语态的情况 ①宾语是反身代词或相互代词时 例：Linda can dress herself.（琳达可以自己穿衣服。） ②宾语是不定式或动名词时。 例: Jim hoped to meet you again.（吉姆希望能再见到你。） ③当谓语为某些表示状态的及物动词，如 have(有), own(拥有), hold(容纳), last(持续)等时，不能用被动语态。 例: Our holiday lasts 10 days.（我们的假期为期 10 天。） 3. 被动语态和系表结构的区别 ①被动语态表动作，系表结构表状态或情况。 例: Trees are planted in our city every year.(被动) The store is opened 24 hours a day.(系表) ②被动语态可用进行时态，系表结构常用一般现在时、现在完成时等。 例: The plan is being carried out.(被动) This kind of art have been lost.(系表) ③被动语态一般由 by说明动作的执行者，而系表结构常与其它介词短语搭配使用。 例：We were attracted by his lecture.(被动) We are interested in his lecture.(系表) ④被动语态常用 greatly等词修饰, 而系表结构常由 very, quite, rather, too, so等词修饰。 例: We were greatly moved by him.(被动) I'm quite satisfied with your work.(系表) 巩固提高练习 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Some children (take) good care of by the nurse. 2. Some new houses (build) by the villagers themselves since 1990. 3. What language (speak) in Australia? 4. The color TV (buy) in that shop three days ago. 5. The doctor said Jim must (operate) on at once. 6. — the bridge (repair) yet? —Yes, the workers already (repair) it. 7. We are in Grade One this year, so we (teach) physics next year. 8. —Where (be) you last night? —I (ask) to help Tom at home. 9. The big tree (blow) down in the storm last night. 10. The Great Wall (know) all over the world. 11. the film (show) many times since last Sunday. 12. the street lights usually (turn) on at seven in summer evening? 13. Some top students (send) to study in foreign countries once a year. 14. More and more schools (build) here later. 15. —Where are the apples? —I think they (eat) by those boys. 16. Many new things (invent) in the last ten years. 17. All the shoes (sell) out last week. 18. How long the book (can keep)? 19. Tom (hide) his shoes behind the tree. So they (not find) easily. 20. The babies here (take) good care of every day. 21. His new novel (finish) next week. 22. He (tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. 23. Another man- made satellite (send) up into space by them last week. 24. Many trees (plant) by people there last year. 25. Vegetables (grow) on the farm 26. The students often (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 27. That play (put) on again sometime next month. 28. The old man is ill. He (must send) to the hospital. 29. Vegetables, eggs and fruits (sell) in this shop. 30. —What a knife (make) of? —It (make) of metal and wood. 31. A Piano concert (give) here last Friday. 32. the magazine (can take) out of the library? 33. The room (clean) by me every day. 34. The stars (can see) in the daytime. 35. Some flowers (water) by Li Ming already. 36. These kinds of machines (make) in Japan. 37. Apples (grow) on this farm. 38. Russian (learn) as a second language by some students in China. 39. Planes, cars and trains (use) by people for travelling. 40. The cinema (build) in 1985. 二、单项选择。 ( )1. One or two man-made satellites in our country every year. A. have been sent up B. will be sent up C. is sent up D. are sent up ( )2. Our TV set yesterday. A. is repaired B. was repaired C. had been repaired D. would be repaired ( )3. A new building in our school next year. A. will be built B. is built C. is being built D. has been built ( )4. Many books on science since I went to college. A. were bought B. have been bought C. will be bought D. are bought ( )5. A wonderful English talk by Mr. Liu tomorrow. A. has been given B. is given C. is being given D. will be given ( )6. How the Great Pyramid(金字塔) many years ago without modern machines. A. is；built B. would；be built C. have.；been built D. was；built ( )7. Food and clothes by women. A is often talk about B. are often talked C. are often talked about D. often talked about ( )8. the work yet? A. is；finished B. Will；be finished C. Has；been finished D. Would；be finished ( )9. Such films by children. They are bad for them. A. must be not seen B. must not be see B. must not seen D. must not be seen ( )10. Trees in winter but in spring. A. not can be planted B. can be not planted C. can't be planted D. can not be plant ( )11. This kind of cars in Japan ten years ago. A. can only be made B. could only made C. be could only made D. could only be made ( )12. A friendly basketball match between teachers and students tomorrow afternoon. Anybody is welcome. A. was held B. will be held C. is held D. must be held ( )13. The bear to the zoo tomorrow morning. A. may be send B. may is sent C. may be sent D. is may sent ( )14. In the past ten years, a lot of new buildings in our city. A. are put up B. have put up C. have been put D. have been put up ( )15. So far this year, many new houses in Yunnan with the help of the government. A. build B. are built C. will build D. have been built ( )16. The computer is broken. it today? A. Will; repair B. Has, been repaired C. Will; be repaired D. Has; repaired ( )17. It is said that a new robot by him in a few days. A. designed B. has been designed C. will be designed D. will have been designed ( )18. The composition any more. A. need not to be corrected B. doesn't need to be corrected C. doesn't need be corrected D. need not correct ( )19. She will stop showing off if no notice of her. A. is taken B. takes C. will be taken D. has taken ( )20. Diamond in Brazil in 1971. A. is found B. has been found C. was found D. had been found ( )21.— Have you moved into the new flat? — Not yet. The room . A. has been painted B. is painted C. paints D. is being painted ( )22. My pictures until next Friday. A. won't develop B. aren't developed C. don't develop D. won't be developed ( )23. Tim since he lost his job three weeks ago. A. had been unemployed B. was unemployed C. has been unemployed D. has unemployed ( )24. A great number of colleges and universities since 1949. A. has been set up B. have been set up C. have set up D. had been set up ( )25. I' ll have to push the car to the side of the road because we if we leave it here. A. would be fined B. will be fined C. will being fined D. will have been fined ( )26. two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together? A. They have been given B. I have been given C. I am given D. They have given to me ( )27. I think much attention your pronunciation. A. must be paid to B. may be paid to C. must pay to D. can be paid to ( )28. I found a medicine bottle dropped on the floor of David's room. A. was B. had C. had been D. is ( )29. The reason for all the changes being made to us yet. A. has not explained B. has not been explained C. did not explained D. were not explained ( )30. I don't remember the chance to try this method. A. having been given B. to have been given C. having given D. to have given ( )31. The People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( )32. You should have put the milk in the refrigerator, now sour. A. I smell B. it is smelt C. it smells D. it is smelling ( )33. Now these magazines in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept ( )34. Who was the book ? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by ( )35. His new book next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published 参考答案 1、 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. are taken 2. have been built 3. is spoken 4. was bought 5. be operated 6. Has; been repaired; have; repaired 7. will be taught 8. were; was asked 9. was blown 10. is known 11. Has; been showed 12. Are; turned 13. are sent 14. will be built 15. have been eaten 16. have been invented 17. were sold 18. can; be kept 19. hid; aren't found 20. are taken 21. will be finished 22. was told 23. was sent 24. were planted25. are grown 26. are; told 27. will be put 28. must be sent 29. are sold 30. is; made; is made 31. was given 32. Can; be taken 33. is cleaned 34. can be seen 35. have been watered 36. are made 37. are grown 38. is learned 39. are used 40. was built 二、单项选择。 1-5 DBABD 6-10 DCCDC 11-15 DBCDD 16-20 CCBAC 21-25 DDCBB 26-30 BAABA 31-35 BCDDA 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$