教材知识详解-2023-2024学年仁爱科普版英语八年级下册

仁爱版八年级下英语教材知识详解 Unit5 Topic1 SectionA教材知识详解 1、You look excited.你看起来很兴奋。 这个句子是“连系动词(look) +形容词(excited)”的结构,我们通常称之为“系表结构”。 常见的连系动词可分为如下两类: (1)表状态的连系动词有: be(是),'look (看起来),sound (听起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),feel(感觉,摸起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持,维持)等。 例: You are not looking very well. 你看上去气色不太好。, Walking is a good way to keep healthy. 步行是一种保持健康的好方法。 (2)表示转变或结果的连系动词有: get(变得),turn(转变),go(变),become(变成)等。 例:When she saw this, her face turned red. 看到这她脸红了。 Children become wiser as they grow. 随着孩子们长大,他们会变得更聪明。 2、 My father and mother want to invite your parents to go to the movies. 我父母想邀请你父母一起去看电影。 invite vt.邀请。固定短语:invite sb.to do sth/to somewhere 例:He invites us to his restaurant. = He invites us to go to his restaurant. 他邀请我们去他的餐馆。 go to the movies = go to the cinema 去看电影 invitation n.邀请。 例:I have an open invitation to visit my friend in Japan. 我在日本的朋友邀请我随时去看他。 3、Oh, it is one of my parents’ favorite movies. 噢,它是我父母最喜欢的电影之一。 one of…意为“……之一”,后面常跟可数名词的复数形式或复数人称代 词宾格,其谓语动词用单数。 例:Jim is one of the lively boys in our class. 吉姆是我们班上活跃的男生之一。 One of them is from England. 他们中有一个人来自英格兰。 some of…意为“……中的一些”,其谓语动词单复数形式由of后面的名词或代词决定。 例:Some of the students are Young Pioneers. 有些同学是少先队员。 Some of the food goes bad. 一些食物变质了。 4、 Please say thanks to your mom for us. 请代我们向你母亲表示感谢。 say thanks to sb.向某人表示感谢 类似短语有: say sorry to sb.向某人道歉 say goodbye to sb.向某人告别 say hello to sb.向某人问好 5、He felt disappointed because he was not able to buy a ticket to The Sound of Music.他感到很失望.,因为他没能买到《音乐之声》的票。 a ticket to... 意为“...的票/券”,to也可改为for。 类似结构有: the answer to the question这个问题的答案 the bridge to that town 通向那个城镇的桥 the way to the station 去车站的路 6、What a pity! 真遗憾/真可惜! 主要用于向对方表示遗憾。 类似说法有: That’s too bad! 太糟糕了! It’s a great pity! 太遗憾了! , What a shame! 真可惜! Unit5 Topic1 SectionB教材知识详解 1、He seems a little unhappy.他好像有点不高兴。 seem好像,似乎。其用法为: (1) seem + adj. 例:You seem happy.你好像挺髙兴。 (2) seem + n. 例:He seems a nice man.他看来是个好人。 (3) seem + to do sth. 例:They seem to know what they’re doing.看来他们知道自己在干什么. (4) seem + that宾语从句 例:It seems that they know everything. = They seem to know everything.好像他们无所不知。 seem,look辨析: (1)seem具有强烈的真实性,是根据某种判断而得出的印象或看法。 例:Jane went away without a word. She seemed angry. 简一句话没说就走了。她似乎很生气。 (2)look强调通过视觉来看。 例:My father is now seventy-two,but he looks about sixty. 我爸爸如今七十二岁了,但他看上去像六十岁左右。 2、 I think it’s very interesting.我认为它很有趣。 interesting adj.令人感兴趣的,有趣的。 (1)interested adj.感兴趣的,关心的。它和interesting都是由动词interest(使……感兴趣)派生而来的。其区别是:interesting多用来指事物,常作定语或表语;interested多用来指人的内心感受,一般作表语。 例:That book is interesting. =That is an interesting book. 那是本有趣的书。 He is interested in geography.他对地理感兴趣。 (2)类似的词汇有: exciting令人兴奋的 worrying令人烦恼的 I excited感到兴奋的 worried感到烦恼的 3、 We felt excited to hear it.听到它我们感到很兴奋。 felt excited是“系表结构”,后面接动词不定式(to do)形式。 类似的结构有: I’m sorry to hear that.听到那件事我很难过。 I’m glad to meet you.见到你我很高兴。 He is sure to pass the exam.他一定能通过考试. Unit5 Topic1 SectionC教材知识详解 1、 She went to the Von Trapp family to care for seven children. 她去冯•特拉普家照顾七个孩子。 care for = take care of = look after 意为“照顾,照料” 例:She cared for her father all through his long illness. 她在父亲久病期间一直照料他。 ①Would you care for…?意为“你喜欢,你愿意……吗? 例:Would you care for another drink? 再来一杯饮料好吗? ②care for意为“喜欢”。 例:I don’t really care for sweet food. 我其实不喜欢吃甜食。 2、 The father was lonely and often became angry because of the noisy children. 这个父亲很孤独,而且经常因为孩子们太吵闹而生气。 lonely意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,指因缺少同情、友谊时产生的一种悲伤和优郁的感情。在句中可以作表语或定语。 例:The man is lonely.这个男人很孤独。(作表语) She is a lonely woman.她是一个孤独的女人。(作定语) 此外,lonely还有“荒凉,偏僻”的意思。 例:The house was in a lonely place.那幢房子位于人迹稀少的地方。 (1)alone adv.“独自” 例:The old woman lived alone.这个老妇人独自一人生活。 (2)alone adj.意为“单独的,独自的”,没有感情色彩,只是陈述—个客观事实,作表语。 例:Jane was alone in that dark room. 简独自一人待在那个黑暗的屋子里. because of意为“由于,因为”,后面跟名词、代词或,相当于名词的短语。 例:He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他因为腿不方便而行走缓慢。 because of有时相当于thanks to,意为“多亏,由于”。 例:Because of your help, we finished the task on time. 多亏你的帮助,我们按时完成了任务。 【辨析】because, because of (1)because连词,意为“因为”,用来陈述原因、理由,后接句子。如: He can’t go to school because he is ill. 他不能上学因为他生病了。 (2)because of是介词短语,后可接名词、代词或动名词。 例:I can’t go to work because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好,我不能去上班。 3、Maria taught the children to sing lively songs and perform short, funny plays to cheer them up. 玛丽亚教孩子们唱活泼欢快的歌曲以及表演有趣的短剧来使他们高兴起来。 cheer up意为“使……振奋起来,使……高兴起来”。cheer up是由动 词(cheer)和副词(up)构成的动词短语,接代词作宾语时,代词放在中间;接名词时,可以放在步间,也可以放在副词后面。 例:We must cheer up the little boy. = We must cheer the little boy up. 我一定要让那个小男孩振作起来。 Our teacher cheers us up in class every day. 老师每天都使我们在课堂上很振奋。 类似的短语有: put away将……收起来 put on穿上,戴上 put up张贴,挂起 try on试穿 cheer的用法:①cheer 作名词,意为“欢呼声,喝彩声”。 例: A great cheer went up from the crowd. 观众爆发出一阵热烈的掌声. Three cheers for the winners! 为优胜者欢呼三次吧! ②cheer作动词,意为“欢呼,喝彩,加油”。 例:We all cheered as the team came in. 球队入场时我们都为之欢呼。 Cheers! 干杯! Unit5 Topic1 SectionD教材知识详解 1、 There are four main roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. 京剧有四大主要角色:生,旦,净和丑。 role(演员的)角色。 例:Jackie Chan will play a role in the movie.成龙将出演这部电影。 role意为“职能,地位,作用”。 例:The role of the teacher in class is very important.教师在课堂上的作用举足轻重。 2、Beijing Opera is full of famous stories, beautiful facial paintings, wonderful gestures and fighting. 京剧里有许多著名的故事、漂亮的脸谱、美妙优雅的姿势以及精彩的打斗场面。 be full of装满,充满。 例:The bottle is full of water.瓶子里装满了水。 ①fill 使充满,装满,挤满。fill...with…用……装满。 例:The thought fills me with pleasure. 这想法使我很高兴。 ②be filled with被……充满。 例:The hall was filled with people quickly. 大厅迅速被人挤满了。 3、Then they find a way to make peace with each other. 然后,他们找到一种彼此和解的方式。 make peace with sb.与某人和解。 例:Tom says sorry to Mike and at last they make peace with each other. 汤姆向迈克道歉,最终和解了。 4、Everybody is usually happy in the end. 通常,结局总是皆大欢喜。 in the end = at last = finally 最后,终于。 Finally/ In the end/At last, we got to the top of the mountain. 我们最终到达了山顶。 ①at the end of在…(时间)的末尾。 例:At the end of this year, I will buy a new car. 今年底,我打算买辆新车。 ②by the end of到……底为止。 例:By the end of last month, they had learned 300 new words. 到上月底为止,他们已经学了三百个新单词。 Unit5 Topic3 SectionA教材知识详解 1、Is there anything wrong? 你怎么了? anything wrong意思是:一些错误的事情,anything是不定代词,wrong是形容词。当形容词修饰不定代词时,要放于不定代词后面。如: Is there anything important in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么重要的内容吗? 2、 I am sure you will do well.我相信你能行的。 do well“成功,干得好”如: He’s doing very well at school. 他在学校里成绩很好。 3、 I get so nervous when I give a speech.当我发表演讲时,我十分紧张。 speech n.演讲,演说。常见短语有:give/make a speech发表演讲,a short speech简短发言,a welcoming speech欢迎词 如:She’s preparing for a speech on Friday.她正在准备星期五的演讲。 4、 Kangkang, I feel more relaxed because of your help. 康康,有了你的帮助,我现在感觉轻松多了。 because of 是介词短语,意思是:由于,因为,后面接名词或代词。 如:He didn’t go to school because of his illness. 因为他生病了,所以没有去上学。 5、 What is Kangkang’s suggestion for helping Micheal? 康康建议怎么帮助迈克尔? suggestion建议,提议,可数名词。make a suggestion提建议 如:I’d like to hear your suggestions for ways of raising money. 关于筹集资金的办法,我想听听你的意见。 6、Relax and just follow the dentist’s advice.放轻松,遵照牙医的建议就好。 follow one’s advice遵照某人的建议,此时的follow可用take替换。advice是不可数名词,常用短语:give sb. some advice “给某人提些建议”。 如:We should follow/take our teachers’ advice. 我们应该听从老师们的建议。 advise是动词。advise sb. (not) to do sth.建议某人(别)做某事。 如:The doctor advised her to eat less and do more exercise. 医生建议她要少吃多锻炼。 7、 Why not eat less food and do more exercise? 为什么不少吃食物,多做运动? less在这里作副词,修饰动词eat,意为“少,更少”。 如:I read much less than I used to.我现在看书比过去少得多。 Unit5 Topic3 SectionB教材知识详解 1、If we are not confident about ourselves, we may feel upset or nervous. 如果我们对自己不自信,我们可能会感到不安或紧张。 be confident about…意为“对……有信心”。 如:I’m confident about passing the exam. 我有信心通过考试。 2、 When we are in a bad mood all the time, we could become sick. 当我们总是心情很糟糕,我们有可能会生病。 in a bad mood心情很糟糕,反义词组:in a good mood心情。 sick adj.生病的,有病的。 如:She was ill/sick last month.她上个月病了。 sick可作定语和表语,ill只作表语。 如: The sick boy lies in bed. 那个生病的男孩躺在床上。 She was ill/sick last month. 她上个月病了。 3、What about telling him that he is brave and great? 告诉他很勇敢也很优秀怎么样? What about doing sth..意为“做某事怎么样”,与How about doing sth.同义。类似提建议的句型还有:Why don’t you do sth.?, Why not do sth.?, Let’s do sth., We’d better do sth. 4、Let’s show him that we are proud of him.让我们向他展示出我们为他而自豪。 be proud of为……感到自豪。 如: When Chinese astronauts flew into space, we were proud of them. 当中国宇航员升人太空时,我们为他们而自豪。 5、Let’s give Michael a surprise.让我们给迈克尔一个惊喜吧! give sb. a surprise=give a surprise to sb.给某人一个惊喜,此句中surprise是名词,意为“惊喜,惊奇”。 to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是。 surprised作表语形容词,be surprised to do sth.做某事感到惊奇;be surprised at sth.对某事感到惊奇。 surprising既可作表语,又可作定语。 如:surprising story —个惊人的故事。 It’s very surprising. 这非常令人惊奇。 6、We can put on a short play, just as we do at the English Corner. 我们可以演一部短剧,就像我们在英语角做的一样。 put on意为“上演,举行,表演”。如: We’re going to put on a concert to raise money for the poor families. 我们将举办一场音乐会来为贫困家庭筹款。 put on还可以指“穿上,戴上”,反义词为take off“脱下”。 如:It’s cold outside. You’d better put on your coat.外面冷,你最好穿上外套。 (1) play在这儿作名词,意为“戏剧,短剧”,它还可以作动词,意为“打, 踢,玩,弹”。 如:play basketball打篮球;play football踢足球 (2) as conj.意为“照……方法,正如……”,引导方式状语从句。 如:Do as I say!按我说的去做! 7、 Sounds great!太棒了! 此句是对别人提出的建议的应答语。类似表达方式有:Sounds good!太好了!Good idea!好主意!Great!真棒! 如: —Why not take a bath? It’s so hot.天太热了,去冲个操吧。 —Sounds great!好主意! 8、Let’s get ready for it!咱们去准备吧! get ready for sth.意为“为某事做准备”。与“prepare for sth.”同义。后面还可以接动词不定式:get ready to do sth./prepare to do sth. 如:We are getting ready for the party. 我们正在为聚会做准备。 Unit5 Topic3 SectionC教材知识详解 1、...especially when the full moon is high in the sky on the Mid-autumn Festival. 尤其当中秋节那天满月高高悬在天上的时候。 especially adv.“尤其,特别”。它后面可以修饰单词或短语,也能修饰状语从句。如: We like all kinds of food, especially fish and eggs. 我们喜食各种美味,尤其是鱼和鸡蛋。 2、 I feel very lonely, and my eyes fill with tears.我感到很孤独,眼里充满泪水。 fill v.“(使)充满;(使)装满”。如: Please fill this glass for me. 请把这个杯子给我倒满。 fill with“(使)充满,装满”。如: The theatre soon filled with people.剧院很快就挤满了人。 3、I feel nervous and I have trouble sleeping at night. 我感到很紧张,晚上难以入睡。 trouble n.“问题,困难,忧虑”。have trouble (in) doing sth.“做某事很困难”。如: Did you have trouble (in) finding a job? 你找工作有困难吗? 作“麻烦事”讲时,trouble, matter, problem没有太大区别。如: What’s your trouble? = What’s your problem? = What’s your matter? 4、I hope to live in the countryside some day.我真希望有一天能住在乡村。 hope to do sth.意思是:希望做某事,后面还可以接从句,不能说hope sb. to do sth.。如: We hope to win the game.我们希望赢得比赛。 5、..., sadness and worries always come to me.……悲伤和忧虑总是进入我的脑海。 come to sb.“进人脑海;突然呈现;突然想出”。如: A good idea came to me in my bath.我在洗操时,突然想出一个好主意。 Unit5 Topic3 SectionD教材知识详解 1、If we are in good spirits, we can study or work better. 假如我们有良好的情绪,我们就能更好地学习或者工作。 in good/high spirits意为“心情好,情绪高昂”,其反义短语为in bad/low spirits意为“心情不好,情绪低落”。如: They are singing and dancing in high spirits.他们情绪高昂,又唱又跳。 He said nothing. Obviously he was in low spirits. 他一言不发,显然是情绪低落。 in a good mood心情愉悦 in a bad mood心情糟糕 in good health健康状况良好。如: He often takes exercise, so he is in good health.他经常锻炼,所以身体健康。 2、 Don’t keep silent.不要默不作声。 silent adj.沉默的,不说话的。如: He is a silent, thoughtful boy. 他是个沉默多思的孩子。 silence n.寂静,沉默。如: We all walked on in silence. 我们都默默地向前走。 3、Think it over before making an important decision. 在你做重要决定之前一定要仔细考虑。 think over仔细考虑,慎重考虑。如: Why don’t you think it over for a while?为什么你不多认真考虑一会儿呢? 与think有关的短语有: ①think about考虑;回想;想起。如: I’ll think about it.我会考虑这事的。 ②think of认为;想到。如: What do you think of the film?你认为这部电影怎么样? Then he thought of me.后来他想到了我。 ③think out彻底(好好)想一想,把(某事)考虑好;想出。如: Who can help me think out a plan?谁能帮我想出一个计划? decision名词,意为“(作出的)决定,抉择”,它的动词形式是decide。 make a decision(= decide)作出决定。如: Who made the decision to go on with the project? =Who decided to go on with the project?是谁决定继续这项工程的? 4、Get back to your everyday activities. It will give you a sense of happiness. 恢复你的日常活动。这样有助于给你快乐的感觉。 get back to sth.回到某事上。如: Shall we get back to that question?我们回到那个问题上来好吗? get back取回;回来。如: What time did you get back last night?你昨晚什么时候回来的? I’d like to get my book back.我想取回我的书。 sense n.感觉,意识。如: The five senses are sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. 五种感觉是视觉、听觉、嗔觉、味觉和触觉。 a sense of...……感。如: a sense of happiness幸福感,a sense of humour幽默感 Unit6 Topic1 教材知识详解 1、 I have some exciting news to tell you.我有些好消息要告诉你们。 to tell you是动词不定式,作定语,修饰news。动词不定式作定语时要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。如: I have nothing to say.我没什么要说的。 Could you give me something to eat?你能给我点吃的东西吗? 2、For our spring field trip, we’re going on a three-day visit to Mount Tai. 这次春游,我们将去泰山玩三天。 ①go on a visit意为“去旅游”,visit作名词。如: They will go on a visit to the West Lake this Sunday. 这个星期天他们将去西湖旅游。 visit探望,拜访;参观,游览。如: I visited one of my old friends yesterday.昨天我拜访了一位老朋友。 We will visit the Great Wall next month.下个月我们将去游长城。 ②a three-day visit意为“一次三天的旅游”,three-day是复合形容词,作定语,其结构为:数词+连字符+单数名词。如: a seven-day holiday 一个七天的假期 an eight-year-old boy 一名八岁男孩 3、 Let’s find out some information about the cost.让我们查一下有关费用的信息。 find out(通过询问、读或看等方式)查明,弄清(情况)。如: Can you find out what time the train leaves? 你能查清楚火车什么时候开吗? 【链接】find的用法: ①(意外或偶然地)发现,碰到。如: We found a new restaurant near our office. 我们在办公室附近发现一家新餐馆。 ②(通过搜寻)找到,找回。如: Can you find my bag for me? 你能帮我把包找到吗? 4、 ...we’ll decide on the best way to travel on our field trip. ……我们将决定郊游的最好方式。 decide作动词,意为“决定,选定”,常用decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”,否定形式为decide not to do sth.。decision是名词形式,常用结构为make a decision“作出决定”。如: She decided to live in France.她决定住在法国。 They decide not to go there for their holiday.他们决定不去那儿度假。 decide on意为“决定,选定”,常用decide on sth.。如: We are trying to decide on a job.我们正设法选定一份工作。 5、 ..., I’d like to book some tickets to Mount Tai on April 13th. ……,我想预订四月十三日去泰山的票。 book(向旅馆、饭店、戏院等)预约,预定。如: He booked a table for two at 8 o’clock tonight. 他预定了一张今晚八点钟的二人餐桌。 6、We have tickets at 145 for the hard sleeper and 224 for the soft sleeper. 我们的票价是硬卧每张145元,软卧每张224元。 (1) at在句中意为“以……,在……”,一般用在表示价格、比率、年龄、速度等词的前面。如: He was driving at 70 miles per hour.他以每小时70英里的速度驾驶。 This kind of shirt sells at 100.这种衬衫以100元的价格出售。 (2) hard sleeper硬卧;soft sleeper软卧。hard adj.坚硬的,坚固的。 如:That stone is so hard.那块石头真硬。 7、 Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p. m.请在下午5:30前结清票款。 pay v.付费,付酬。pay for...为……付钱,for后接物品。 如:How much did you pay for the book?那本书你付多少钱? ①pay的常用句型是:人+ pay +钱+ for +商品货物。如: I will pay 500 for the bike.我打算花500元买那辆自行车。 ②pay n.工资、报酬。如:take pay 领工资;high pay 高薪。 8、 It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里,筹钱很常见。 raise v.筹集;使升高;饲养。如: We are raising money for charity. 我们在为慈善募捐。 She raised her head and looked at me.她抬起头看着我。 My uncle raises sheep on his farm. 我叔叔在他的农场养羊。 to raise money动词不定式短语在句中是真正的主语,it只是形式主语。本句是“It is +adj. +to do sth”句型,使用这种结构是为了避免“头重脚轻”。动词不定式短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如: To see is to believe.眼见为实。 To work hard brings success. 成功源于努力。 【注意】to do作真正主语,it作形式主语的句型有两种形式:It’s+ for sb. to do sth.,形容词强调不定式表达的动作内容;It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.,形容词强调人的性格特征。如: It’s important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说学好英语非常重要。 It’s kind of you to help me. 你能帮我,真是太友好了。 9、 It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw. 每位学生只需花一美元就可买一张抽奖券。 ①draw n. 抽奖,抓阄。如: the draw for the second round of the European Cup 欧洲杯第二轮抽签 ②cost意为“花费”,其主语是物。其结构为:物+cost(s)+sb.+金钱。 如: The dress costs me 100. 这条裙子花了我100元。 10、 I’m looking forward to hearing from you.我盼望着收到你的来信。 ①look forward to意为“期待,盼望”。在这个短语中,to是介词,后面接名词或动名词。如: I’m looking forward to seeing you again.我期待着再次见到你。 ②hear from意为“收到……的来信”,后面接人,指收到某人的来信。相当于get/receive a letter from sb.。如: I heard from my mother yesterday. = I got/received a letter from my mother yesterday. 昨天我收到了妈妈的来信。 hear of (间接地)听说。 如: I heard of him, but I didn’t know him. 我听说过他,但我不认识他。 11、 It was snowing when we got to the top.我们到达山顶时正在下雪。 top n.顶部;(物体的)上面;常用短语是:at/on the top of...在……的顶部。 如:I feared for the child when I saw him at the top of the tree. 当我看到那个小男孩在树顶上时,吓了一跳。 top adj.最高的,最优秀的。 如: She is the top student in my class. 在我的班里,她是最优秀的学生。 12、I was so excited that I didn’t feel cold at all. 我那么兴奋以至于一点没感到寒冷。 so...that…如此……以至……。so为副词,修饰形容词或副词;that用来引导结果状语从句。 如: He walks so fast that I can’t catch up with him. 他走那么快以至于我赶不上他。 Unit6 Topic2 教材知识详解 1、While you were enjoying your trip to Mountain Tai, I was busy preparing for my exams.你在愉快地游玩泰山的时候,我正忙着准备考试。 while在此引导时间语从句,表示持续性的动作或状态,只与延续性动词连用,侧重于表示主句和从句动作同时发生。如: While I was watching TV, Tom was doing his homework. 我看电视时,汤姆正在做作业。 (1) be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。如: I am busy cooking now.现在我正忙着做饭。 (2) prepare for ( doing) sth.意为“准备(做)某事”。如: I am preparing for making a learning plan.我正在准备制定一项学习计划。 2、It’s 880 meters long from north to south and 500 meters wide from east to west.它南北长880米,东西宽500米。 ...( meters) long意为“……(米)长”。 ...( meters) wide意为“……(米)宽” 如: The desk is about 1, 2 meters long.这张课桌约有1.2米长。 3、It’s about one and a half hours by bike.骑自行车大约需要一个半小时。 (1)路程表达法可以采取两种表达方式:①用长度单位表达。 如:It’s 1 000 kilometers away from Shanghai,这儿离上海有1000千米。 ②用时间表达。如: It’s about twenty minutes’ walk from my home to my school. 从我家到学校步行大约需要20分钟。 (2) one and a half hours意为“一个半小时”,还可说成one hour and a half。 two or three两三个;three or four三四个。如: There are about two or three people in the room.室内大约有两三个人。 4、 The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall lies to the southeast of the Great Hall of the People while it lies to the southwest of the National Museum.毛主席纪念堂位于人民大会堂东南端,国家博物馆西南。 lie在此意为“(用来表明地理位置)位于”,动名词形式为lying,过去式为lay。 如:Between the bank and the supermarket lies a bookstore. 银行和超市之间有一家书店。 ① lie作为动词还意为“躺,平卧”,其动名词形式为lying,过去式为lay。 如:The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire. 猫卧在炉旁睡得很熟。 I lay awake worrying about my work. 因为工作上的烦恼,我躺在床上无法入睡。 ② lie意为“撒谎”时,既可作动词,亦可作名词。作动词时,lie的动名词形式为lying,过去式为lied。 如: How could you lie to me?你怎么能向我撒谎呢? He is always telling lies.他老是撒谎。 ③lay 意为“产卵,下蛋”。其动名词形式为laying,过去式为laid。 如: The hen laid 6 eggs last week.那只母鸡上星期下了6枚蛋。 to the +方位名词+ of…指“互不接壤且互不管辖的两个地区”。如: Japan lies/is to the east of China.日本位于中国东面。 ① in the +方位名词+of…指在某一范围之内的地区。 如: China lies/is in the east of Asia. 中国位于亚洲东部。 ② on the +方位名词+of…指相互接壤但互不管辖的两个地区。如: North Korea is on the northeast of China. 朝鲜在中国的东北面。 5、 The parking lot was full of tour buses, cars and bicycles, so they had to look for spaces to park their bicycles.停车场停满旅游大巴,小车和自行车,因此他们不得不寻找停自行车的地方。 space意为“空间;太空,宇宙空间;场地”,是不可数名词。当room作不可数名词时意为“空间;余地”。指一般的空间时,space可与room可以互换;但是表示“太空,宇宙空间”时只能用space。 如: Between the earth and the moon there is nothing but space.地球和月球间只有太空。 There isn’t much room here.这里没有什么空闲地方了。 6、 While the crowd was pushing Darren in all directions, someone stepped on his feet. 当人群从四面八方挤来时,有人踩了达伦的脚。 step on sb’s feet 意为“踩了某人的脚”。如: She stepped on her mother’s feet in the supermarket. 她在超市踩了她妈妈的脚。 step onto/off a bus上/下公共汽车;step by step 一步一步地。 ①push意为“推”,反义词是pull意为“拉”。 如: Push hard when I tell you to.我叫你推时,你就使劲推。 ②direction意为“方向,方位”,经常和in搭配,常用搭配有:in one’s direction朝着某人的方向。 如: They went off in the direction of the post office. 他们朝邮局的方向去了。 7、When Darren finally pushed his way out, he couldn’t find his friends.当达伦最终挤出人群的时候,他找不到他的两个朋友了。 push one’s way意为“挤出去”。如: You should try and push your way through the crowd. 你应该试着从人群中挤过去。 8、 As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped around happily. 这三个孩一见面,就高兴得跳了起来。 as soon as “一……就……”,引导时间状语从句。如: The students all ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell rang. 铃声一响,同学们就奔出教室。 9、They were very cute and we couldn’t help watching them. 它们太可爱了,我们都忍不住观看起它们来。 can’t help doing sth.意为“禁不住/忍不住做某事”。如: When Jane heard the news, she couldn’t help crying. 当简听到这个消息时,她忍不住哭了。 help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。 10、While we were having fun exploring, I found that Darren was lost. 当我们兴致勃勃考察时,我发现达伦不见了。 have fun (in) doing sth.意为“从某事中获得乐趣”。 如: She has fun (in) learning English.她从英语中获得乐趣。 Unit6 Topic3 教材知识详解 1、 When I first arrived, I was afraid of riding my bike anywhere.当我刚来时,在哪儿都不敢骑自行车。 anywhere在表示“任何地方”时可用于肯定句。常用于疑问句和否定句中,代替somewhere,意为“任何地方”。 如: An accident can happen anywhere.任何地方都可能发生事故。 everywhere意为“到处,处处”,相当于here and there。 如: He follows me everywhere.我无论去哪他都跟着。 I can’t find it anywhere.我在哪儿都找不到它。 Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去过什么有趣的地方吗? 2、Cycling can help us save energy and it doesn’t cause air pollution. 骑自行车能帮助我们节约能源,并且不会造成空气污染。 (1) save energy意为“节约能源”,save time节约时间,save money省钱;save one’s life意为“救某人的命”。 如:We should turn off lights after school to save energy. 放学后,我们要关灯以节约能源。 (2) air pollution意为“空气污染”。water pollution 水污染;noise pollution 噪音污染;light pollution光污染。 【链接】pollute v.污染;polluter n.污染源,污染者。 如:The factory caused air pollution terribly in the area. 这个工厂导致该地区空气严重污染。 3、 If we break the traffic rules, we may get a fine and even be in danger.如果我们违反交通规则,我们可能会被处以罚金,甚至会处于危险之中。 (1) break the traffic rules 意为“违反交通规则”。如: If you break the traffic rules, the penalties are severe. 如果你违反交通规则,处罚会很严厉。 (2) get a fine意为“被处以罚金”,fine作名词“罚金”。 如:He got a 50 fine for parking in the wrong place. 他因把车停错地方被罚款五十元。 The policeman fined him 50 yuan for speeding. 因超速警察罚了他五十元。(动词) 4、 Bicycle riding can make the riders’ hearts and lungs strong.自行车运动能使骑车者的心肺更强健。 (1) bicycle riding在此是动名词短语作主语,动名词作主语谓语动词用单数。 如:Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。 (2) make sb. /sth. + adj意为“使某人(某物)”……。如: Let’s work hard and make our country beautiful and strong. 让我们努力工作,使我们的国家变得美丽、富强。 5、 Drivers do not always notice bicycles.司机们总是不太注意自行车。 notice“看到,注意到,意识到”。如: I noticed that she was wearing a new dress. 我注意到她穿了一件新裙子。 (1) notice sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做了某事”。 如: I noticed them run every morning. 我看到他们每天早上跑步。 (2)notice sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”。如: I noticed the boy reading in the classroom. 我注意到这个男生正在教室里读书。 (3) notice + that 从句。如: I noticed that they are flying kites.我看到他们正在放风筝。“ (4) notice还可作名词,意为“布告,通知,注意”。如: The notice says “No Smoking!” 公告牌上写着“禁止吸烟”! 6、So bicycle riders must pay attention to the traffic around them and know traffic signals.因此骑车者必须注意周围车辆并了解交通信号的含义。 pay attention to.....“对……住意,对……当心”。如: Please pay attention to your clothing at the meeting. 开会时请注意你的衣着。 7、 In case of an accident, bicycle riders should know how to give first aid. 万一发生事故,骑车者应该懂得如何进行急救。 (1) in case of意为“如果,假使”。如: In case of earthquakes, run to the open air. 万一发生地震,要跑向户外开阔地带。 (2) give first aid意为“急救”。如: Doctors gave first aid to the child in time and he was saved. 医生们对孩子及时施以急救,孩子得救了。 8、In a word, the best way to be safe is to be careful. 总之,保持安全的最好方法就是小心谨慎。 (1) in a word意为“总之,一句话”。如: In a word, you must try to finish the work soon. 总之,你必须尽快完成这项工作。 (2) to be safe意为“保持安全”,是动词不定式作后置定语;to be careful意为“小心谨慎”,是动词不定式作表语。如: The fastest way to travel to Yunnan is by plane. 去云南旅游,最快的方式就是乘飞机。(作定语) My task is to keep the room clean. 我的任务就是保持房间清洁。(作表语) 9、Qinghai Lake, the largest salt-water lake in China, lends its name to the province of Qinghai.青海湖是中国最大的盐水湖,青海省也因此而得名。 lend... to...意为“借……给……”。如: —Could you lend your dictionary to me? 你能把你的词典借给我吗? —Sure, here you are.当然可以,给你。 10、Today the race covers around 2 000 miles. There are 21 timed stages over three weeks. 如今,自行车赛的路程长达2000英里。有21个计时赛段,历时3周多。 (1) cover此处是动词,意为“包括,包含;涉及”;cover还有“覆盖,遮盖”之意。其常见搭配为cover sth. (in/with sth.);be covered with意为“被……覆盖着”。如: The survey covers all aspects of the business. 调查涉及这家企业的各个方面。 The wind blew in from the desert and covered everything with sand. 风从沙漠那边吹来把一切都蒙上了一层沙子。 The roads were covered with snow. 路上覆盖着雪。 (2) timed是动词的过去分词作形容词,意为“计时的”,类似的还有broken(坏了的),left(剩余的)等。如:a beautifully timed shot 把握时机的一击 Unit7 Topic1 教材知识详解 1、When and where shall we have the food festival? 我们在何时何地举办美食节呢? (1) when和where是并列的疑问词,是对句中时间和地点同时进行提问,但必须注意,疑问词when在前,where在后,中间用and连接,顺序不能更换。 如: We’ll have a class meeting in our classroom on Monday afternoon.(对画线部分提问) When and where will you have a class meeting? (2 ) have the food festival 意为“举办美食节”。类似较达方式有:hold/organize a food festival举办美食节。如: They are going to have the food festival to make Sichuan food popular in the area. 他们打算在这个地区举办美食节来推广川菜。 2、 I will turn to our teachers.我要向老师们求助。 turn to= ask...for help意为“向……求助”。 如: If you have trouble, please turn to the policeman. = If you have trouble, please ask the policeman for help. 如果有困难,请找警察帮忙。 3、 I’ll get in touch with Craig Kielburger on the Internet to get more information about him.我将在网上与克雷格•柯伯格取得联系,以便得到更多关于他的情况。 get in touch with sb.意为“与某人取得联系”。 keep in touch( with sb.)(与某人)保持联系;lose touch( with sb.)(与某人)失去联系。 如: Over the years we lost touch. 我们多年失去联系。 4、 Let’s try our best to make it a success.让我们尽最大努力使它成功。 try one’s best to do sth. = do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大努力”。 (1) try to do sth.设法/努力做某事;try doing sth.试着/尝试做某事。如: Hang Yu tried swimming across the river.航宇试着游过河去。 (2) make it a success意为“使它成功”也可表述为make it successful。 如: He worked hard and made his business a great success. = He worked hard and made his business successful. 他努力工作使他的事业很成功。 5、 I imagine (that) we will prepare for many delicious foods.我想象着我们能准备许多美味的食物。 imagine是及物动词,意为“想象,设想”,后面可接名词、动名词、复合宾语以及宾语从句。如: We can hardly imagine life without electricity. 我们简直不能想象没有电的生活。 You can imagine being on the moon.你可以想象是在月球。 Can you imagine her becoming famous as a football player? 你能想象她成为著名足球队员时的情形吗? Try to imagine that you are a teacher. 试想你是一名教师。 6、 I have a sweet tooth, and I think a lot of students will buy western food, such as American chocolate cookies and Greek cheese Pies.我喜欢吃甜食,我认为许多学生会买像美国巧克力饼干、希腊奶油派这样的西方食物。 have a sweet tooth意为“喜欢吃甜食”。如: Most girls have a sweet tooth. 大多数女孩子喜欢吃甜食。 7、Thank you for inviting me to your food festival. 谢谢你邀请我参加你们的美食节。 thank you for doing sth.意为“为某事而谢谢你”,也可换成thanks for doing sth.或thanks for sth. 如: Thank you for helping me.=Thanks for helping me.=Thanks for your help. 感谢你的帮助。 8、 As a result, a bad man killed him.结果,一个坏人杀害了他。 as a result“结果”。如: He made a big mistake, and as a result, he lost his work. 他犯了个大错,结果丢了工作。 a result of sth.意为“作为……结果,由于”。如: She died as a result of her injuries.她由于受伤而死亡。 9、 I believe one person can make a change.我相信一个人也能有所作为。 . (1)此句含有一个省略引导词that的宾语从句。也可写成:I believe that one person can make a change. (2) make a change意为“做出改变,有所作为”。如: Try your best, and you can make a great change. 倾尽全力,你会成功的。 10、We students will cook many delicious international foods and sell them in order to raise money for a village school in Kenya.为了给肯尼亚一所乡村学校筹钱,学生将出售许多自制的美味国际食品。 in order to意为“为了……”,表示目的,后面接动词原形。in order that意为“为了”,表示目的,后面接状语从句,可以与in order to换用。 如: He works hard in order that he can buy a comfortable house. = He works hard in order to buy a comfortable house. 为了买一套舒适的住房,他努力工作。 Unit7 Topic2 教材知识详解 1、It’s very kind of you.你真是太好了(太感谢你了)。 常用于表扬、赞美对方,也可用于对对方所做的事表示感谢。如:—Here are my books. You can read them anytime. 这是我的书,你随时可以读。 —It’s very kind of you.太谢谢你了。 (1) be kind to sb.意为“对某人友好,善待某人”。如: He is kind to the old.他对老人很好。 (2) be + adj. + of sb.与be + adj. + for sb.的区别: ①It’s kind of you to do that.你那样做真是太好了。 ②It’s important for us to work hard.对于我们来说,努力学习很重要。 在句①中kind表示的是of后边人称的特点、特征或性格。类似的形容词还有:good, nice, wise, clever, cruel等。 在句②中important表示的是不定式to do sth.的情况。 kind n.种类,a kind of—种;many kinds of 许多种;all kinds of各种各样的;different kinds of 不同各类的;a kind of同一种类的 2、First, cut some cooked meat very finely.首先,把一些熟肉切碎。 cut…finely意为“把……切得精细”。副词修饰动词时,通常放在动词后面。类似的表达有:fry the meat lightly 稍微炒一炒肉;add the rice slowly 慢慢 添加米饭。 ①cut ... into ...意为“把……切成 ……”。如: I cut the apple into half/halves.我将苹果对半切开。 ②cut up意为“切碎,剁碎”,代词作宾语时应放在cut up中间。如: His mother has to cut up all his food for him.他母亲不得不为他将所有食物切碎。 ③cut off意为“切掉,割断;中断,切断(煤气、电、水等)的供应”。如: She cut off a big piece of meat.她切下一大块肉。 They cut off the electricity last week.他们上周把电切断了。 ④cut down意为“砍倒(树);减少,缩减”。 如: You smoke too much. You should try to cut down 你抽烟太多了,该少抽点。 People should stop cutting down the forest.人们该停止砍伐森林。 cooked在此处是过去分词作前置定语,相当于形容词,意为“煮好的,煮熟的”。类似用法如broken glass碎玻璃。 此外,过去分词还可以作后置定语。 如:a man named Tom 一个叫汤姆的人 There was nobody left. 没有人留下。 3、Well done! 干得好! 表示鼓励和表扬的句子。类似的表达有:Very good! 非常好! Wonderful! 非常好!Excellent!好极!Perfect!太完美了!Keep trying! 继续努力! You can do it! 你能行! 4、You need to add the rice slowly.你需要慢慢地放入米饭。 add v .意为“加,添加”。add…to意为“…把……添加到……”。如: Add more wood to the fire. 给火堆多添些柴。 5、After that, fill the bowl 70%—80% full with bone soup slowly.之后,慢慢地往碗内倒入七八成满的骨头汤。 fill v. 意为“注满,填满”。fill…with…意为“用……将……装满,充满”,主语通常为人。 如:Jim filled the glass with water. 吉姆用水把玻璃杯装满了。 be full of…=be filled with…装满……。 如: The glass is full of water.= The glass is filled with water. 玻璃杯装满了水。 6、Would you mind if we learn to make it from you? 我们向你学习做它(三明治)好吗? Do/Would you mind if...? 用于请求允许或客气地请人做某事。回答用mind的问句时要注意yes或no都是针对mind(介意、在乎)选用的,表示“介意、在乎”时,选用yes,后面跟的句子是不让对方做某事。如:Sorry, you’d better not. /I’m afraid you can’t. / I wish you wouldn’t . . . /I’m sorry, but it’s not allowed. . ., / I’d rather you don’t.。表示“不介意、不在乎”时选用no,后边跟的句子是允许对方做某事。如:No, of course not. /No, certainly not. /No, not at all. /Sure not. /No, go ahead. /No, please (do). /No, do as you like.。如: 一Do you mind if I smoke? 你介意我吸烟吗? —Sorry, but I do. 抱歉,请勿吸烟。 (1) Do/Would you mind + v. -ing? 用于客气地提出请求。如: Would you mind giving me a glass of water? 请给我一杯水,好吗? (2) Do/Would you mind + one’s + v. -ing? 用来提出询问,征求对方的意见(在非正式文体中,v.-ing前的所有格可换为宾格)。如: Do you mind my/me smoking here? 你介意我在这里吸烟吗? 7、If you go to a formal western dinner party for the first time, you’d better know about western table manners.如果你第一次参加西方的正式宴会,最好了解一下西方的餐桌礼仪。 (1) for the first time 意为“第一次”。如: I went to Shanghai for the first time in 2013. 2013年我第一次去上海。 (3) table manners 餐桌礼仪。manner意为“方式,方法;举止;态度”,作可数名词,复数为manners,意为“礼貌,规矩,礼节”。have ( no) manners/ good ( bad ) manners有(没有)礼貌。 (4) 如: His manner was polite and warm. 他举止礼貌且热情。 It’s bad manners to talk loudly in the reading room. 在阅览室大声谈论是不礼貌的。 8、It’s polite to eat up the food on your plate, so don’t take more food than you need.把你盘子里的食物吃完是有礼貌的,因此,取你所需就行了。 eat up sth. /eat sth. up 吃完。 如: I was hungry and ate up all the rice soon. 我很饿,很快就吃完了所有米饭。 类似短语有:use up用完;drink up喝完。 need v.需要。还可以用作不可数名词。 如:There is no need for reading. 不必读了。 9、When you drink to someone, you’d better raise your cup or glass and take only a little.当你向某人敬酒时,你最好举起酒杯且只喝一点。 (1) drink to sb./sth.意为“为某人/某事干杯(祝酒)”。 如: Let’s drink to your parents’ health. 让我们为你父母的健康干杯。 (2) raise one’s glass 意为“举杯”,与raise有关的短语有:raise one’s hand 举手;raise one’s eyes 举目,仰视;raise a family养家,抚养子女;raise money 筹钱。 someone为不定代词,意为“某个人,有个人”。 someone, anyone, everyone, no one可与somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody 通用,在句中作主语,宾语和表语时,视为单数。someone, everyone仅指“人”,而some one, every one通常指“物”,也可指“人”。 如: Everyone can do this. 人人都能做这事。 10、Remember not to drink too much.记得不要喝太多。 remember v. 记得。remember to do sth.意为“记得做某事”,指事情还未做,remember doing sth. 意为“记得做过某事(事情已经做过)”。 如: Rememb