精品解析：云南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三第七次月考英语试题(含听力）

英语试卷 注意事项: 1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。 2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。 3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 注意，听力部分答题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5 小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How does the man feel? A. Cold. B. Warm. C. Hot. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Don’t you feel cold, Leo? You wear such a coat when the weather forecast says it is going to snow today. M: Not in the least. I am boiling. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the woman doing? A. Working on the marketing plan. B. Writing a monthly report. C. Playing computer games. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: What are you doing with your laptop? I thought you had finished your monthly report. W: Yes, I handed it to my boss two days ago. But he assigned me this new marketing plan and I am supposed to finish it within a week. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where does the woman want to go? A. The Art Gallery. B. Beijing Road. C. The City Museum. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Pardon me. Could you let me know when the bus reaches the City Museum? M: I am afraid you have got on the wrong bus This bus will only take you to the Art gallery. You can get off at Beijing Road and take Bus NO. 2 to get there. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the man going to do next? A. Stop for a rest. B. Keep handling the problem alone. C. Make a phone call. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Why don’t you stop for a rest? It is impossible that you can solve the problem by yourself within today. M: You are right. But I have to call an expert to help me deal with it first. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman want the man to do? A. Apologize to her. B. Lower the volume. C. Put on the headset. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Excuse me. Do you mind turning down the radio? It is so loud that I cannot concentrate on my reading. M: I am so sorry. I will put on my headset immediately. 第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题; 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What does the woman like most about China? A. Warm- hearted Chinese. B. Mouth- watering food. C. Breathtaking scenery. 7. Where did the man go this summer? A France. B. Canada. C. England. 【答案】6. A 7. B 【解析】 【原文】M: Lily, I haven’t seen you for a month. Where have you been? W: I just got back from my trip to China. M: China? I have always wanted to visit it someday. How was your trip? W: It was really amazing. Not only did I see wonderful scenery, but I also tasted many delicious specialties. But what impresses me most is the generosity and kindness of the Chinese people. M: Sounds awesome. I will definitely go there. W: How did you spend your summer holiday? M: I thought about going to England and France, but the plane tickets were too expensive. So I went to Canada instead. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What will the woman be doing at 8 pm? A. Meeting her admirers. B. Doing a photo shoot. C. Having an interview. 9. What is the woman’s job? A. Fashion model. B. Novelist. C. Movie star. 【答案】8. A 9. B 【解析】 【原文】M: Good morning. Here is the schedule for today. At 10 o’clock, you have an appointment with the magazine Focus, to talk about your new novel. W: OK, no problem. M: At half past two, you have to do the photo shoot for another magazine. W: Oh, no. Do I have to do that? You know how much I hate posing in front of a camera. M: I am afraid you have no choice. It is all for publicity. In the evening, you have a fan meeting at 7 pm, lasting two hours. W: Come on. Give me a break. I just got here. M: Well, quit complaining. You can rest after the book tour comes to an end. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. What problem does the man have? A. Knee injury. B. Obesity. C. High blood pressure. 11. What activity does the woman advise the man to do? A. Jumping rope. B. Running at a high speed. C. Walking after each meal. 12. What can the man have for dinner? A. Sausage. B. French fries. C. Chicken breast. 【答案】10. B 11. C 12. C 【解析】 【原文】W: Good morning, Mr. Green. I am afraid I have some bad news for you. Your physical examination report says you are overweight. People who are overweight run a risk of heart attack. It will also lead to high blood pressure. M: Sounds terrible. What should I do? W: I suggest you start working out for at least half an hour each day. You can start by taking a walk after every meal. Jogging is also a good choice. M: Can I jump rope? I have heard it’s a good way to lose weight. W: I do not recommend rope jumping for you may hurt your knees if you don’t do it properly. You should also pay attention to your diet. Instead of eating take-out, cook meals by yourself. And choose food high in protein and low in fat. M: Does that mean I have to say goodbye to my favorite sausage? W: Well, you can have some for breakfast once a week. But for lunch and dinner, you’d better avoid it. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. What is wrong with the leaflets? A. It failed to convey contact information. B. It contained many spelling mistakes. C. It was not beautifully designed. 14. What does the woman sell? A. Furniture. B. Dogs. C. Cats. 15. Where does the conversation take place? A. In the man’s studio. B. At the woman’s home. C. In the woman’s store. 16. What do we know about the man? A. He is an animal lover. B. He is careless. C. He is a creative designer. 【答案】13. A 14. A 15. C 16. B 【解析】 【原文】W: Sorry, James. I am afraid I have to stop the cooperation with you. M: Why? What’s wrong? My advertising leaflets are beautifully designed, aren’t they? W: Yes, they are. But that’s not the purpose of the leaflets. M: What do you mean? I think they are quite successful. W: Well, they would have been if you had remembered to put the phone number down. M: Let me see. Oh, it’s OK. They could come here following the address. W: Then, do you see any customers in the store right now? You forgot to put down the address, too. M: I am sorry. I will have them re-designed and re-printed in two days. W: Thanks James. But that is not necessary. M: Rachel, please give me a second chance. W: It’s not just this time. Last time your leaflets convinced the customers that we were selling dogs and cats instead of furniture. M: Alright. That’s my bad. But… W: I have already hired another designer. I think it’s better if we just stay friends. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. When are the listeners supposed to arrive at the classroom on Monday? A. 8: 30 am. B. 8:25 am. C. 4: 00 pm. 18. What does Professor White dislike most? A. Copying others’ work. B. Being late for class. C. Failing the tests. 19. How much does the final test account for in the final score? A. 20%. B. 50%. C. 40%. 20. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. Schedule and requirements of the course. B. The introduction of Professor White. C. Course contents. 【答案】17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【原文】Hello, everyone. Welcome to Biology 101. I am David, teaching assistant of Professor White. There are several things you need to know before the term starts. There are two classes every week on Monday and Thursday. The class begins at 8: 30 am on Monday while on Thursday it begins at 4 pm. You are expected to arrive at the classroom 5 minutes before the class begins and have your notebook and textbooks at the ready. And attendance accounts for 20% of your final score. For this whole semester, you are supposed to write at least two papers with no less than 2, 000 words each, which account for 40% of your final score. I strongly advise you to write them on your own because nothing annoys Professor White more than copying others’ work. And the final test will take place in the last week of this term, accounting for 40%. That’s all for now. If you have any questions, you can come to my office, Room 403 in the Science Building. Thank you. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Discover the fascinating history of ancient Egypt and explore one of the most iconic spaces in the Museum before it opens to the public. In the Egyptian sculpture gallery (Room 4), you can see impressive statues of kings and gods, monumental tomb architecture and ancient tomb reliefs (浮雕) spanning 3,000 years. These include the grand statues of Ramesses II and the Gayer- Anderson Cat. Learn about the importance of large- scale sculpture in ancient Egyptian temples, tombs and much more in this special guided tour. Opening: 8: 50 am — 10: 00 pm,9th Apr. 2024 —10th May 2024 Tickets: ●£33 ●£30 (Members) ●£30 (Students, jobseekers, disabled visitors) ●£16.50 ( Ages 5 — 15 years) ●Free for under 5s and disabled visitors’ assistant (no booking required) More details: ●The tour will begin at 9: 00 am and will last 60 minutes. ●Please meet at the Main entrance on Great Russell Street (WC1B 3DG) at 8: 50 am with your email confirmation. ●This tour is limited to a maximum of 20 places per session. If you would like to bring a group of 10 or more people or arrange a special out- of- hours tour, please email traveltradebookings @ britishmuseum.org to discuss your options. ●To ensure a safe and enjoyable visit, face coverings are required for the protection of yourself and others. Please be considerate of people and exercise social distancing where you can —— especially in smaller spaces. Hand sanitiser stations can be. found throughout the Museum and we recommend washing or sanitising your hands regularly. See the Visit Page for more information. 21. Who are most likely to be interested in the exhibition? A. Followers of painting. B. Lovers of modern Egypt. C. Enthusiasts of sculpture. D. Fans of ancient mythology. 22. How much should a disabled adult and his assistant pay? A. £33. B. £30. C. £63. D. £66. 23. What is a must for tourists? A. Washing their hands regularly. B. Booking tickets online in advance. C. Arriving 20 minutes earlier before the tour begins. D. Wearing a facial mask the whole time. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了大英博物馆的一个古埃及雕像和建筑展览。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“In the Egyptian sculpture gallery (Room 4), you can see impressive statues of kings and gods, monumental tomb architecture and ancient tomb reliefs (浮雕) spanning 3,000 years.(在埃及雕塑画廊（4号展厅），您可以看到令人印象深刻的国王和神灵雕像、纪念性的陵墓建筑和跨越3000年的古墓浮雕)”可知，在埃及雕塑展厅，游客可以参观有着三千年历史的国王和神的雕塑、纪念性的陵墓建筑和古代的陵墓浮雕，由此可推知，雕塑爱好者最有可能对展览感兴趣。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Tickets部分“£30 ( Students, jobseekers, disabled visitors)(30英镑（学生、求职者、残疾访客）)”以及“Free for under 5s and disabled visitors’ assistant ( no booking required)(5岁以下儿童和残疾游客助理免费（无需预订）)”可知，残疾游客门票为30英镑，他们陪同人员门票免费，两人共计支付30英镑。故选B。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“To ensure a safe and enjoyable visit, face coverings are required for the protection of yourself and others.(为了确保安全愉快的访问，需要戴口罩来保护自己和他人)”可知，在参观过程中，游客必须佩戴口罩，故选D。 B Born in French Camp, California, Hernández used to spend half the year with his family in Michoacán, Mexico, before returning to the U. S. to follow the seasonal harvests. “My childhood was typical of a migrant farm working family, a family that spends nine months out of the year picking fruits and vegetables from Southern California to Northern California,” Hernández told CNN in 2016. “While others looked forward to summer vacation, I hated it. Summer vacation meant working seven days a week in the fields.” His earliest memory of space was watching the landing of Apollo 17 on his family’s black and white television. Ever since that moment, he was set on becoming an astronaut. Since the traveling lifestyle led him to miss school and relocate often, his second- grade teacher called for his parents to settle in one place so their kids could have a good education — an act that set Hernández on the right track to achieve his dream. Hernández went on to get a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the University of the Pacific in 1984. Two years later, he earned a master’s degree in electrical and computer engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Hernández then joined the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Northern California, where he developed the first full- field digital equipment for breast cancer examination. But his dream to become an astronaut didn’t fade. Hernández persisted through every rejection letter — and kept on polishing his skills. He obtained his pilot’s license, became a certified diver, and even learned to speak Russian. Finally, in 2004, at age 42, his acceptance letter came. After completing Astronaut Candidate Training, he was selected as a mission specialist on the STS-128 mission, bound to launch in August 2009. During the 14-day journey aboard the shuttle Discovery, Hernández helped transport seven tons of equipment and supplies to the International Space Station. Today, Hernández serves as Head of the University of California and runs Tierra Luna, the aerospace consulting firm he co-founded. He is also a motivational speaker and is back to picking fruit — this time, on his own terms, as he owns a vineyard, where he and his father make and sell their own line of wines. 24. Why didn’t Hernández like summer vacations? A. He had too much homework to do. B. The weather was usually unbearable in summer. C. He had to work in the fields all day long. D. The family moved a lot during summer vacations. 25. What inspired Hernández to become an astronaut? A. His lifestyle of travelling frequently. B. Dramas he watched on family’s television. C. Seeing the landing of Apollo 17 on TV. D. A suggestion from his second- grade teacher. 26. What do we know about Hernández? A. He spent 128 days on Discovery. B. He earned a master’s degree in 1984. C. He spent most of his time in Mexico when young. D. He was accepted as an astronaut at age 42. 27. Which of the following can best describe Hernández? A. Faithful and humble. B. Ambitious and persevering. C. Inspirational and cooperative. D. Devoted and sensitive. 【答案】24. C 25. C 26. D 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Hernández如何成为一位宇航员的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“While others looked forward to summer vacation, I hated it. Summer vacation meant working seven days a week in the fields.(当其他人期待暑假时，我讨厌它。暑假意味着每周在田里工作七天)”可知，Hernández讨厌暑假是因为他不得不整天在田间劳作。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“His earliest memory of space was watching the landing of Apollo 17 on his family’s black and white television. Ever since that moment, he was set on becoming an astronaut.(他对太空最早的记忆是在家里的黑白电视上观看阿波罗17号的着陆。从那一刻起，他就立志成为一名宇航员)”可知，在自家黑白电视上观看了阿波罗17号着陆，这促使Hernández立志成为一名宇航员。故选C。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Finally, in 2004, at age 42, his acceptance letter came.(最终，在2004年，42岁的他收到了录取通知书)”可知，Hernández在42岁时收到了录取通知，成为了一名宇航员。故选D。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“His earliest memory of space was watching the landing of Apollo 17 on his family’s black and white television. Ever since that moment, he was set on becoming an astronaut.(他对太空最早的记忆是在家里的黑白电视上观看阿波罗17号的着陆。从那一刻起，他就立志成为一名宇航员)”以及第四段“But his dream to become an astronaut didn’t fade. Hernández persisted through every rejection letter — and kept on polishing his skills.(但他成为宇航员的梦想并没有破灭。埃尔南德斯坚持写每一封拒绝信，并不断提高自己的技能)”可推知，Hernández是一个有雄心且锲而不舍的人。故选B。 C In history, the nightshade plant was used to poison kings and emperors. So it’s only fitting that a new tool used to poison AI art generators is named Nightshade. Created by Ben Zhao, a computer science professor at the University of Chicago, the tool is designed to help artists fight copyright infringement (侵权) by AI art generators that are trained using their artwork. Nightshade allows artists to inject an invisible pixel (像素) into their art work before they upload it online. If that artwork is then placed into an AI training set, it will infect the AI model and cause it to break. The original tool could be the saving grace of artists who are rightly concerned about AI infringing on their copyright. So what happens when an image is injected with Nightshade? Based on tests by the developers, the poison data affect the AI models. It can trick the system into thinking an image of a cat is an image of a balloon or that cakes are a toaster. This results in unusable output; and, once the uploaded image is infected, it’s very difficult to remove. This means that tech companies will need to invest quite heavily in finding the infected samples in order to remove them. Currently, AI image generators like Midjourney, DALL-E, and Stable Diffusion do not pay artists for their work, and most do not offer an opt- out (退出) option. Recently, OpenAI began allowing artists to opt out of training sets for DALL-E, but some artists have found the process quite difficult. Still, while some large companies like Shutterstock have said that they’ll obey opt- out requests, it’s unclear if everyone will jump on board. This is what makes Zhao’s efforts so appealing. In addition to Nightshade, Zhao’s team has also developed Glaze, which is designed to prevent AI from stealing an artist’s style. It also works by injecting an invisible pixel into artwork. Eventually, the team wants to fold Nightshade into Glaze and allow artists to decide which tool they wish to use. Together, Zhao hopes that these tools will help favor the artist in the race to keep up with AI. 28. Why is the nightshade plant mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To present the history of nightshade. B. To introduce the background information. C. To demonstrate different functions of nightshade. D. To explain why the name was given to the tool. 29. How does Nightshade work? A. By injecting pixels into artworks to fool AI generators. B. By forcing AI generators to pay artists. C. By banning AI generators’ access to artworks. D. By damaging the artworks uploaded. 30. What will Zhao’s team do next? A. Encourage more artists to use their inventions. B. Integrate Nightshade into Glaze. C. Push for the proper use of AI image generators. D. Persuade AI generators to follow the opt- out rules. 31. What’s the main idea of the text? A. A tool defends copyright by misleading AI generators. B. New challenges arise from AI image generators. C. AI image generators are violating artists’ copyright. D. Nightshade helps artists to create better works. 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款名为Nightshade的软件，它能帮助设计师解决AI绘图的侵权问题。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In history, the nightshade plant was used to poison kings and emperors. So it’s only fitting that a new tool used to poison AI art generator s is named Nightshade. Created by Ben Zhao, a computer science professor at the University of Chicago, the tool is designed to help artists fight copyright infringement (侵权) by AI art generators that are trained using their artwork. (在历史上，茄属植物被用来毒死国王和皇帝。因此，一种用于毒害AI艺术生成器的新工具名为Nightshade，这是非常合适的。该工具由芝加哥大学计算机科学教授赵创建，旨在帮助艺术家对抗人工智能艺术生成器侵犯版权的行为，这些生成器是用他们的作品训练的。)”可知，茄属植物(nightshade)在历史上用于毒害国王和皇帝。赵教授带领的团队所研发的软件也是通过给AI绘图软件“下毒”来解决AI绘图侵犯设计师权利的问题，因此得名Nightshade，本段提到茄属植物是为了解释为什么命名这一软件为Nightshade。故选D。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Nightshade allows artists to inject an invisible pixel (像素) into their art work before they upload it online. If that artwork is then placed into an AI training set, it will infect the AI model and cause it to break. (Nightshade允许艺术家在将其上传到网上之前，将一个看不见的像素注入他们的艺术作品中。如果将该艺术品放入人工智能训练集中，它将感染人工智能模型并导致其破裂。)”以及第三段“Based on tests by the developers, the poison data affect the AI models. It can trick the system into thinking an image of a cat is an image of a balloon or that cakes are a toaster. (根据开发人员的测试，毒数据会影响AI模型。它可以诱使系统认为猫的图像是气球的图像，或者蛋糕是烤面包机。)”可知，Nightshade将看不见的像素注入艺术作品中，受到像素感染的数据可以影响AI模型，它能够欺骗AI系统，使它相信猫的图片是气球，而蛋糕图片为烤面包机。故选A。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Eventually, the team wants to fold Nightshade into Glaze and allow artists to decide which tool they wish to use. (最终，该团队希望将旧的Nightshade融入Glaze中，并允许艺术家决定使用哪种工具。)”可知，研究团队最终希望将Nightshade和Glaze的功能融合在一起，故选B。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Nightshade allows artists to inject an invisible pixel (像素) into their art work before they upload it online. If that artwork is then placed into an AI training set, it will infect the AI model and cause it to break. (Nightshade允许艺术家在将其上传到网上之前，将一个看不见的像素注入他们的艺术作品中。如果将该艺术品放入人工智能训练集中，它将感染人工智能模型并导致其破裂。)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕Nightshade这个软件如何通过在艺术品中添加像素，混淆数据来误导AI绘图软件，从而解决AI绘图侵权的问题，故选A。 D Plants can often tell when they’re in danger — by smell. But not all leaves sniff out threats equally well. In corn plants, baby leaves do this best, new data show. “They recognize that danger is around the corner,” says Lei Wang. He’s a plant biologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland. He and his colleagues shared the new findings in Current Biology. Many plants are known to beef up their chemical defenses when they’ re about to get bitten by insects. One way plants sense such threats is through smell. They can detect smell molecules floating through the air. Those molecules may spread from an insect’s saliva (唾液). Or they may come from neighboring plants that have already been attacked and are on death’s door. Originally, Wang and his team set out to identify airborne chemicals that plants receive as warning scents. But when they started their study, they found that the adult corn leaves they tested did not produce many anti- predator chemicals in response to the smells. So the researchers turned to baby leaves. These are much more fragile than the adult leaves that scientists usually study. In the lab, the team exposed young and adult corn leaves to a common danger-signaling scent. This green-leaf compound is similar to the smell of freshly cut grass. A corn plant might encounter this scent if a nearby plant was in danger. The researchers measured how much danger signal each leaf released in response to the warning smell. New leaves were more sensitive than adult leaves. Even though the adult leaves were worse at “smelling”, however, they did release small amounts of defense chemicals. Other research shows that these leaves can process danger signals other than scent (such as insects munching on them). They can respond to these attacks, too, by issuing chemicals aimed at tackling the threat. Wang hopes his research may lead to the breeding of smarter crops — ones more resistant to insects. In the long run, that should reduce a need for harmful pesticides. 32. What do the underlined words “beef up” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Dismiss. B. Balance. C. Strengthen. D. Overcome. 33. What can be learned from the text? A. Plants defend themselves in various ways. B. Plants sense danger from insect saliva. C. Freshly cut grass was used in the research. D. Adult corn leaves can’t produce defense chemicals. 34. What does Wang hope to achieve with his research? A. To reduce the use of poisonous pesticides. B. To improve the taste of crops. C. To cultivate more profitable plants. D. To create safer pesticides. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Scientists Developing Smarter Crops B. New Study Revealing the Secret of Plants C. Plants Recognizing Danger in Different Ways D. Young Corn Leaves Smelling Danger Better 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，比起成熟的叶子，玉米的嫩叶能更好地感知危险的到来。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Many plants are known to beef up their chemical defenses when they’ re about to get bitten by insects. One way plants sense such threats is through smell. (众所周知，许多植物在即将被昆虫叮咬时会beef up其化学防御能力。植物感知这种威胁的一种方式是通过气味。)”可知，这里表示在遭遇危险时，植物会增强其化学防御能力。所以猜测beef up表“增强”的意思。故选C项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“One way plants sense such threats is through smell. They can detect smell molecules floating through the air. Those molecules may spread from an insect’s saliva (唾液).(植物感知这种威胁的一种方式是通过气味。它们可以探测到空气中漂浮的气味分子。这些分子可能从昆虫的唾液中传播。)”可知，植物能从昆虫的唾液中感知危险。故选B项。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Wang hopes his research may lead to the breeding of smart er crops — ones more resistant to insects. In the long run, that should reduce a need for harmful pesticides.(王希望他的研究能够培育出对昆虫更具抗性的智能二次作物。从长远来看，这应该会减少对有害农药的需求。)”可知，研究团队希望研发出更耐虫害的植株来减少有害杀虫剂的使用。故选A项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章倒数第二段“New leaves were more sensitive than adult leaves. Even though the adult leaves were worse at ‘smelling’, however, they did release small amounts of defense chemicals. Other research shows that these leaves can process danger signals other than scent (such as insects munching on them). They can respond to these attacks, too, by issuing chemicals aimed at tackling the threat.(新叶比成年叶更敏感。尽管成年叶子的‘气味’更差，但它们确实释放了少量的防御化学物质。其他研究表明，这些叶子可以处理除气味以外的危险信号（例如昆虫咀嚼它们）。他们也可以通过发放旨在应对威胁的化学品来应对这些攻击。)”以及上下文可知，文章介绍了最新研究成果： 比起成熟的叶子，玉米的嫩叶能更好地感知危险的到来，所以D项Young Corn Leaves Smelling Danger Better(年轻的玉米叶子更能闻出危险)符合语境。故选D项。 第二节 (共5 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the dynamic world of fitness, where treadmills (跑步机) hum and weights clink, an emerging concern for sustainability is reshaping the gym experience. ____36____? In this guide, we’ll navigate through key aspects of eco- conscious fitness to help you figure out if your gym is on the sustainable track. ●Energy-efficient equipment A sustainable gym starts with the tools that push your workout. Modern fitness equipment is evolving beyond the pursuit of personal records. ____37____. Energy- efficient machines, equipped with regenerative braking systems and smart technology, employ the power generated during workouts to balance electricity consumption. Look at the very tools that power your workout. Are the machines equipped with energy- efficient features? Do they employ the energy generated during workouts to contribute back to the gym’s power needs? ●____38____ The infrastructure (基础设施) of a gym plays a crucial role in its sustainability journey. The use of eco- friendly materials, energy- efficient lighting and strategic design for natural air circulation are key elements of a green fitness space. Explore the infrastructure of your gym. Does the overall design facilitate natural air circulation and use sustainable construction practices? ●Waste management As you are sweating it out at the gym, what happens to the waste generated? Sustainable fitness spaces prioritise comprehensive waste management systems. ____39____. Direct your attention to how your gym manages waste. Are there visible recycling programs for plastics, paper and other common gym materials? Does the gym use eco- friendly cleaning products, demonstrating a commitment to minimising its environmental impact? ● Renewable energy integration ____40____, but sustainable fitness facilities find innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Solar panels and other renewable energy sources are integrated into the gym’s infrastructure to offset power consumption, reducing the facility’s carbon footprint and contributing to a greener energy landscape. Investigate whether your gym is tapping into renewable energy sources. Are there solar panels or wind turbines integrated into the infrastructure? A. This involves recycling programs for common gym materials B. Green building practices C. Adaptable fitness facilities D. But how do you know if your gym is truly sustainable E. The energy demands of a busy gym can be considerable F. It’s now contributing to the joint efforts for a greener planet G. Are there signs that your workout increases carbon footprint 【答案】36. D 37. F 38. B 39. A 40. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了辨别一个健身房是否环保、可持续发展的方法。 【36题详解】 上文“In the dynamic world of fitness, where treadmills (跑步机) hum and weights clink, an emerging concern for sustainability is reshaping the gym experience.(在充满活力的健身世界里，跑步机嗡嗡作响，重物叮当作响，对可持续性的新关注正在重塑健身房体验)”说明人们在关注健身房是否是可持续发展的，以及下文“In this guide, we’ll navigate through key aspects of eco- conscious fitness to help you figure out if your gym is on the sustainable track.(在这则指南中，我们将浏览生态意识健身的关键方面，以帮助你了解你的健身房是否在可持续发展的轨道上)”说明这则指南将帮助你了解你的健身房是否是可持续发展的，D项“但你怎么知道你的健身房是否真正可持续”提出问题，承接上文，并引出下文的回答，符合题意。故选D。 【37题详解】 上文“A sustainable gym starts with the tools that push your workout. Modern fitness equipment is evolving beyond the pursuit of personal records.(一个可持续的健身房从推动你锻炼的工具开始。现代健身器材正在超越对个人记录的追求)”可持续健身房会推动健身器材超越对个人记录的追求，F项“现在，它正在为建设一个更绿色的星球的共同努力做出贡献”承接上文，进一步说明其作用，符合题意。故选F。 【38题详解】 下文“The infrastructure (基础设施) of a gym plays a crucial role in its sustainability journey. The use of eco- friendly materials, energy- efficient lighting and strategic design for natural air circulation are key elements of a green fitness space.(健身房的基础设施在其可持续发展之旅中起着至关重要的作用。使用环保材料、节能照明和自然空气循环的战略设计是绿色健身空间的关键要素)”说明健身房的基础设施在可持续发展中扮演重要角色。使用环保材料、节能照明和自然通风的巧妙设计是一个绿色健身空间的关键，B项“绿色建筑实践”引出下文内容，适合作为段落主题句。故选B。 【39题详解】 上文“Sustainable fitness spaces prioritise comprehensive waste management systems.(可持续健身空间优先考虑全面的废物管理系统)”说明可持续发展的健身房会将细致的废弃物管理系统放在首位，A项“这涉及对常见健身房材料的回收计划”承接上文，进一步说明其具体的做法，与回收健身房材料相关，符合题意。故选A。 【40题详解】 下文“but sustainable fitness facilities find innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Solar panels and other renewable energy sources are integrated into the gym’s infrastructure to offset power consumption, reducing the facility’s carbon footprint and contributing to a greener energy landscape.(但可持续的健身设施找到了利用可再生能源的创新方法。太阳能电池板和其他可再生能源被整合到健身房的基础设施中，以抵消电力消耗，减少设施的碳足迹，并有助于打造更绿色的能源景观)”说明可持续发展的健身房中健身设施可以减少设施的碳足迹，E项“繁忙健身房的能量需求可能相当大”介绍客观情况，与下文形成转折关系，引出下文介绍的可持续发展健身房的益处，符合题意。故选E。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15 小题; 每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Undoubtedly Sherpas (夏尔巴人) are the unsung heroes of Mount Qomolangma. Back in1953, Edmund Hillary could not have reached the ____41____ of the world’s highest mountain without the ____42____ of Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay. Today Sherpas continue to challenge nature on this famous mountain. Recently Gelje Sherpa carried out a (n) ____43____ rescue when a Malaysian climber came close to death in Qomolangma’s infamous“ death zone”. ____44____ the Himalayan Database, Qomolangma has ____45____ more than 310 lives since 1924. The Malaysian climber looked likely to join this number when Gelje came across him, alone on the mountain and ____46____ equipment. Gelje was faced with a (n) ____47____: continue guiding his client to the mountain’s peak, or ____48____ the journey and save the struggling climber. For Gelje, it was a no- brainer. The climber had to be saved. Gelje convinced his ____49____ to give up the peak attempt, ____50____ the climber to his back and carried him down 600 metres over the course of six hours. Later, he was joined by another ____51____, Nima Tashi Sherpa, who helped to carry the climber the rest of the way to base camp. “It is almost ____52____ to save climbers at that altitude,” Department of Tourism official Bigyan Koirala told the Reuters news agency. “It is a very ____53____ operation.” But Gelje beat the odds, and his heroic efforts ____54____. The rescued climber, whose name was not ____55____ to the media, was flown home after his condition improved. Someone, please buy Gelje a drink! 41. A. back B. surface C. peak D. trail 42. A. admission B. assistance C. command D. commitment 43. A. dramatic B. heroic C. effortless D. typical 44. A. According to B. With regard to C. On behalf of D. Owing to 45. A. endangered B. ignored C. claimed D. spared 46. A. monitoring B. lacking C. hiding D. tracking 47. A. challenge B. defeat C. opportunity D. decision 48. A. arrange B. sustain C. prohibit D. abandon 49. A. friend B. supporter C. companion D. colleague 50. A. stuck B. fastened C. forced D. assigned 51. A. athlete B. consultant C. tourist D. guide 52. A. impossible B. limitless C. critical D. tough 53. A. rare B. routine C. innovative D. precious 54. A. fell short B. spread out C. faded away D. took off 55. A. submitted B. granted C. clarified D. released 【答案】41. C 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. A 54. B 55. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Gelje在珠穆朗玛峰上勇敢地救出了一名马来西亚的登山者的故事。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：早在1953年，如果没有夏尔巴登山家Tenzing Norgay的帮助，Edmund Hillary不可能登上世界最高峰。A. back背部；B. surface表面；C. peak顶峰；D. trail小径。由下文“of the world’s highest mountain ”可知，这里指登上最高山的“顶峰”。故选C项。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：早在1953年，如果没有夏尔巴登山家Tenzing Norgay的帮助，Edmund Hillary不可能登上世界最高峰。A. admission录取；B. assistance援助；C. command命令；D. commitment承诺。由上文“could not have reached the 　1　　of the world’s highest mountain”以及语境可知，这里指没有夏尔巴人的“帮助”Edmund Hillary是不能登顶的。故选B项。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近，当一名马来西亚登山者在珠穆朗玛峰臭名昭著的“死亡区”濒临死亡时，夏尔巴人Gelje 进行了英勇的救援。A. dramatic戏剧性的；B. heroic英勇的；C. effortless毫不费力的；D. typical典型的。由下文“his heroic efforts”以及语境可知，这里指夏尔巴人Gelje 对马来西亚登山者进行了“英勇的”救援。故选B项。 【44题详解】 考查介词词组辨析。句意：根据喜马拉雅数据库，自1924年以来，珠穆朗玛峰已经夺去了310多人的生命。A. According to根据；B. With regard to关于；C. On behalf of代表；D. Owing to由于。由下文“the Himalayan Database”可知，这里指“根据”这些数据可知，已经有很多人在这里丧生了。故选A项。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据喜马拉雅数据库，自1924年以来，珠穆朗玛峰已经夺去了310多人的生命。A. endangered危及；B. ignored忽略；C. claimed声称，索取；D. spared抽出。由下文“more than 310 lives since 1924”以及语境可知，这里指珠穆朗玛峰已经“索取”了很多人的生命。故选C项。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Gelje遇到他时，这位马来西亚登山者似乎很可能加入这个行列，他独自一人在山上，缺乏装备。A. monitoring监测；B. lacking缺少；C. hiding隐藏；D. tracking追踪。由上文“The Malaysian climber looked likely to join this number”可知，当时马来西亚登山者当时状况不是很好，应该“缺乏”相应的装备。故选B项。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gelje面临着一个决定：要么继续引导他的客户到达山顶，要么放弃旅程，拯救苦苦挣扎的登山者。A. challenge 挑战；B. defeat失败；C. opportunity机会；D. decision决策。由下文“continue guiding his client to the mountain’s peak, or 　8　 the journey and save the struggling climber”可知，这里指Gelje面临着要做“决策”的时刻。故选D项。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gelje面临着一个决定：要么继续引导他的客户到达山顶，要么放弃旅程，拯救苦苦挣扎的登山者。A. arrange安排；B. sustain维持；C. prohibit 禁止；D. abandon放弃。由下文“save the struggling climber”以及语境可知，这里指救人就得“放弃”登顶的旅程。故选D项。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gelje说服他的同伴放弃登顶尝试，把登山者绑在背上，在六个小时的时间里把他带下了600米。A. friend朋友；B. supporter支持者；C. companion同伴；D. colleague同事。由上文“continue guiding his client to the mountain’s peak”可知，这里指Gelje说服他的客户，即“同伴”放弃登顶。故选C项。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gelje说服他的同伴放弃登顶尝试，把登山者绑在背上，在六个小时的时间里把他带下了600米。A. stuck困住；B. fastened系紧；C. forced强迫；D. assigned分配。由下文“carried him down 600 metres over the course of six hours”可知，这里指Gelje把登山者“系紧”在背上，运他下山。故选B项。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，另一位向导夏尔巴人Nima Tashi也加入了他的行列，他帮助将登山者带到了营地的剩余路程。A. athlete运动员；B. consultant顾问；C. tourist游客；D. guide导游，向导。由上文“continue guiding his client to the mountain’s peak”可知，Gelje是向导，这里指Nima Tashi也是“向导”。故选D项。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：旅游部官员Bigyan Koirala告诉路透社：“在那个高度拯救登山者几乎是不可能，这是一次非常罕见的操作。”A. impossible不可能的；B. limitless无限的；C. critical关键的；D. tough艰难的。由上文“carried him down 600 metres over the course of six hours”可知，营救很艰难，所以在那个高度拯救登山者几乎是“不可能的”。故选A项。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：旅游部官员Bigyan Koirala告诉路透社：“在那个高度拯救登山者几乎是不可能的，这是一次非常罕见的操作。”A. rare罕见的；B. routine常规的；C. innovative创新的；D. precious珍贵的。由上文“It is almost 12 to save climbers at that altitude”，这种高度营救几乎不可能，所以这次是很“罕见的”操作。故选A项。 【54题详解】 考查动词词组辨析。句意：但Gelje战胜了困难，他的英勇努力得到了传播。A. fell short缺乏；B. spread out展开，传播；C. faded away消失；D. took off起飞。由上文“his heroic efforts” 以及语境可知，这里指Gelje英雄的行为得以“传播”各地。 故选B项。 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这名获救的登山者的名字没有向媒体透露，在他的病情好转后，他被空运回家。A. submitted提交；B. granted授予；C. clarified澄清；D. released释放，发布。由上文“whose name was not ”以及语境可知，这里指这名获救的登山者的名字没有被媒体“发布”出来。故选D项。 第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When BBC’s Planet Earth came out in 2006, the documentary series ____56____ (praise) for its thrilling footage of wildlife from around the world. Hosted by famed naturalist David Attenborough, this project aims to showcase the beauty and ____57____ (diverse) of the natural world; and, by doing so, it has urged the public ____58____ (take) care of our planet. Fast forward 17 years, Planet Earth III has made ____59____ to the airwaves (电视无线电波). A few weeks ago, BBC shared a trailer (预告片) of Planet Earth Ⅲ, ____60____ whales swim across the ocean and wolves walk on a ____61____ (freeze) body of water. And while there are some anxiety- filled encounters, the video does point out who the real threat is. Seals are trapped by fishing nets, and primates ____62____ (cautious) cross a road where cars are zooming by. Critics point out while the footage is breathtaking, there’s a layer of heartbreak to it. Some of the species ____63____ (have) some positive developments over the last few years. But ____64____ show also presents how other creatures have had to adapt not only to climate changes, but also to the direct effects humans have had ____65____ their habitats. Echoing Attenborough’s urgent appeal from 2022, Planet Earth III presents the hardships these creatures face and also reminds the audience why they’ re worth fighting for. 【答案】56. was praised 57. diversity 58. to take##should take##take 59. it 60. where 61. frozen 62. cautiously 63. have had 64. the 65. on##upon 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了BBC的纪录片《地球脉动III》。 【56题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：当英国广播公司的《地球脉动III》于2006年上映时，这部纪录片系列因其来自世界各地的激动人心的野生动物镜头而受到称赞。根据句中came可知，句子使用一般过去时，且praise与主语the documentary series之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是the documentary series，且结合空后的its可知，主语为单数，be动词使用was。故填was praised。 【57题详解】 考查名词。句意：该项目由著名博物学家David Attenborough主持，旨在展示自然世界的美丽和多样性；通过这样做，它敦促公众保护我们的星球。空处与beauty并列，应用不可数名词diversity，作动词showcase的宾语。故填diversity。 【58题详解】 考查动词不定式或虚拟语气。句意同上。urge sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为: 督促某人去做某事，所以空处可填to take；或者理解为：跟在urge后面，省略that的宾语从句，从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词使用(should) do结构。故填to take/(should) take。 【59题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：快速向前17年，《地球脉动III》在电视上播出了。make it为固定搭配，表示“成功做成某事，到达”，符合题意。故填it。 【60题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：几周前，英国广播公司分享了《地球脉动III》的预告片，其中鲸鱼游过海洋，狼在冰冻的水体上行走。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词trailer，先行词指抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 【61题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。空处修饰名词短语body of water，应用形容词frozen作定语。故填frozen。 【62题详解】 考查副词。句意：海豹被渔网困住，灵长类动物小心翼翼地穿过汽车飞驰而过的道路。空处修饰动词primates，应该用副词cautiously作状语，故填cautiously。 【63题详解】 考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，一些物种有了一些积极的发展。根据时间状语over the last few years可知，句子时态应该用现在完成时，主语是Some of the species，谓语动词使用have had。故填have had。 【64题详解】 考查冠词。句意：但该节目也展示了其他生物如何不仅适应气候变化，而且适应人类对其栖息地的直接影响。此处特指《地球脉动III》这个节目，故填the。 【65题详解】 考查介词。句意同上。have direct effects on/upon sth.为固定搭配，意为“对……有直接影响”。故填on/upon。 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分 15 分) 66. 假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Christ最近被北京大学录取了。请你给他写一封信，内容包括： 1. 表示祝贺； 2. 你的感想； 3. 表达祝愿。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Christ, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Christ, Learning the good news that you have been admitted to Beijing University, I am offering my sincerest congratulations on your success. The past few years has witnessed your great enthusiasm for Chinese learning and the tireless efforts you have put in achieving your goal. From my perspective, this admission is a reward that you richly deserve and a testament to the saying “no pains, no gains”. Beijing University is the dream university for countless students, where not only can you learn from distinguished professors, but you will also be accompanied by the most brilliant peers. I wish you greater achievements in the future and I am looking forward to seeing you in China. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国笔友Christ写一封信，关于对方被北京大学录取表示祝贺，说明自己的感想，并表达祝愿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提供：offer→provide 热情：enthusiasm→zest 观点：perspective→point of view 聪明的：brilliant→intelligent 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I wish you greater achievements in the future and I am looking forward to seeing you in China. 拓展句：I wish you greater achievements in the future and what I am looking forward to is to see you in China. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Learning the good news that you have been admitted to Beijing University, I am offering my sincerest congratulations on your success. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的同位语从句) 【高分句型2】Beijing University is the dream university for countless students, where not only can you learn from distinguished professors, but you will also be accompanied by the most brilliant peers. (运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句) 第二节 (满分25 分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I went out one early November morning last year to walk the dogs, a break from caring for my husband, Dale. Some neighbors were passing by with their dogs too. I told them how weak Dale was. Even though he was finally home from the hospital after suffering two strokes and a heart attack, his breathing still labored from his initial Covid infection in September. I looked down our street, at the homes that would soon be lit in a communal holiday display, and pushed away the thought that this Christmas might be Dale’s last. “We’ll have to skip lighting up this year,” I said. “Dale’s all that matters, and I need to get these dogs walked so I can get back to him.” The couple offered to take care of our Christmas lights, but I turned their offer down because it was just too big a job. We usually went all out, cleaning the house, wrapping the tree, lining the yard and driveway with candy canes. It was a full day’s work for Dale and me. Actually, Christmas was the reason we’d moved to Ashby Avenue in one of Des Moines’ must- see holiday neighborhoods. For the entire month of December, cars paraded down the streets from 6 to 10 pm. Carolers (唱诗班) and community groups filled the sidewalks. The whole neighborhood took on a festive air. I’d always dreamed of being part of it, and when Dale and I heard the news that there was a house going on the market three years ago, we jumped at the chance. I returned with the dogs as fast as I could, in the meantime, feeling sad that we wouldn’t be able to celebrate Christmas as we used to do. Dale was lying on the bed awake, his eyes staring out of the window. I helped him sit up. He wasn’t able to talk much, but we only grew closer in our quiet time together. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The phone rang a few days after I’d run into the fellow dog- walkers. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ On the night of Christmas Eve, I pressed the switch to light up the house. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】【参考范文】 The phone rang a few days after I’d run into the fellow dog-walkers. It turned out my neighbors shared our story with their friend Bob, a contractor, who offered to decorate our house free of charge. I was stunned. He showed up at my doorstep the next day with four other men. No sooner had I showed them where the lights were stored than they rolled up their sleeves and started working. Dale and I watched from the front window as the men worked nonstop. In three hours, the crew was done. When it was time to say goodbye, words failed to convey our gratitude to them. On the night of Christmas Eve, I pressed the switch to light up the house. As we were ready to celebrate this Christmas by just the two of us, surprisingly, I saw many familiar faces pouring into our yard, all carrying carefully wrapped presents, mouth-watering dishes, one even dressing up as Santa Claus. Immediately the house took on a festive air. So many people said they were coming for us, keeping us in their prayers. I felt as if floating in the sea of happiness. Dale watched most of the night from the window with tears in his eyes. The last 19 months of the pandemic had been so isolating for all of us. Now there was a real sense of coming together during a season that was made for it. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了去年十一月初，作者在照顾病重丈夫Dale的间隙遛狗，向邻居透露Dale健康状况堪忧，可能无法过圣诞节。以往夫妻二人都是全情投入节日布置，但因Dale病情，作者婉拒邻居帮助。居住在节日氛围浓厚的街区，但不能像以前那样庆祝圣诞节，这令作者感觉难过，但仍珍惜与Dale静默相伴时光。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我遇到了遛狗的同伴几天后，电话铃响了。”可知，第一段可描写邻居和朋友Bob分享故事后，Bob一行人帮助作者装饰家，作者和丈夫非常感激。 ②由第二段首句内容“圣诞前夜，我按下了开关，把家里的灯都点亮了。”可知，第二段可描写邻居们来到作者家一同庆祝圣诞节，以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：邻居和Bob分享作者的故事——Bob一行人帮助作者装饰家——作者感激——邻居一同庆祝圣诞节——作者的感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①出现：show up/appear ②表达：convey/express ③庆祝：celebrate/observe 情绪类 ①震惊的：stunned/surprised ②感激：gratitude/thankfulness 【点睛】【高分句型1】 No sooner had I showed them where the lights were stored than they rolled up their sleeves and started working.  (运用了No sooner...than...结构，且使用了部分倒装结构和where引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Dale and I watched from the front window as the men worked nonstop.(运用了as引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null 英语试卷 注意事项: 1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。 2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。 3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 注意，听力部分答题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5 小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How does the man feel? A. Cold. B. Warm. C. Hot. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the woman doing? A. Working on the marketing plan. B. Writing a monthly report. C. Playing computer games. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where does the woman want to go? A. The Art Gallery. B. Beijing Road. C. The City Museum. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the man going to do next? A. Stop for a rest. B. Keep handling the problem alone. C. Make a phone call. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman want the man to do? A. Apologize to her. B. Lower the volume. C. Put on the headset. 第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题; 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What does the woman like most about China? A. Warm- hearted Chinese. B. Mouth- watering food. C. Breathtaking scenery. 7. Where did the man go this summer? A. France. B. Canada. C. England. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What will the woman be doing at 8 pm? A. Meeting her admirers. B. Doing a photo shoot. C. Having an interview. 9. What is the woman’s job? A. Fashion model. B. Novelist. C. Movie star. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. What problem does the man have? A. Knee injury. B. Obesity. C. High blood pressure. 11 What activity does the woman advise the man to do? A. Jumping rope. B. Running at a high speed. C. Walking after each meal. 12. What can the man have for dinner? A. Sausage. B. French fries. C. Chicken breast. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. What is wrong with the leaflets? A. It failed to convey contact information. B. It contained many spelling mistakes. C. It was not beautifully designed. 14. What does the woman sell? A. Furniture. B. Dogs. C. Cats. 15. Where does the conversation take place? A. In the man’s studio. B. At the woman’s home. C. In the woman’s store. 16. What do we know about the man? A. He is an animal lover. B. He is careless. C. He is a creative designer. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. When are the listeners supposed to arrive at the classroom on Monday? A. 8: 30 am. B. 8:25 am. C. 4: 00 pm. 18. What does Professor White dislike most? A. Copying others’ work. B. Being late for class. C. Failing the tests. 19. How much does the final test account for in the final score? A. 20%. B. 50%. C. 40%. 20. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. Schedule and requirements of the course. B. The introduction of Professor White. C. Course contents. 第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Discover the fascinating history of ancient Egypt and explore one of the most iconic spaces in the Museum before it opens to the public. In the Egyptian sculpture gallery (Room 4), you can see impressive statues of kings and gods, monumental tomb architecture and ancient tomb reliefs (浮雕) spanning 3,000 years. These include the grand statues of Ramesses II and the Gayer- Anderson Cat. Learn about the importance of large- scale sculpture in ancient Egyptian temples, tombs and much more in this special guided tour. Opening: 8: 50 am — 10: 00 pm,9th Apr. 2024 —10th May 2024 Tickets: ●£33 ●£30 (Members) ●£30 (Students, jobseekers, disabled visitors) ●£16.50 ( Ages 5 — 15 years) ●Free for under 5s and disabled visitors’ assistant (no booking required) More details: ●The tour will begin at 9: 00 am and will last 60 minutes. ●Please meet at the Main entrance on Great Russell Street (WC1B 3DG) at 8: 50 am with your email confirmation ●This tour is limited to a maximum of 20 places per session. If you would like to bring a group of 10 or more people or arrange a special out- of- hours tour, please email traveltradebookings @ britishmuseum.org to discuss your options. ●To ensure a safe and enjoyable visit, face coverings are required for the protection of yourself and others. Please be considerate of people and exercise social distancing where you can —— especially in smaller spaces. Hand sanitiser stations can be. found throughout the Museum and we recommend washing or sanitising your hands regularly. See the Visit Page for more information. 21. Who are most likely to be interested in the exhibition? A. Followers of painting. B. Lovers of modern Egypt. C. Enthusiasts of sculpture. D. Fans of ancient mythology. 22. How much should a disabled adult and his assistant pay? A. £33. B. £30. C. £63. D. £66. 23. What is a must for tourists? A. Washing their hands regularly. B. Booking tickets online in advance. C. Arriving 20 minutes earlier before the tour begins. D. Wearing a facial mask the whole time. B Born in French Camp, California, Hernández used to spend half the year with his family in Michoacán, Mexico, before returning to the U. S. to follow the seasonal harvests. “My childhood was typical of a migrant farm working family, a family that spends nine months out of the year picking fruits and vegetables from Southern California to Northern California,” Hernández told CNN in 2016. “While others looked forward to summer vacation, I hated it. Summer vacation meant working seven days a week in the fields.” His earliest memory of space was watching the landing of Apollo 17 on his family’s black and white television. Ever since that moment, he was set on becoming an astronaut. Since the traveling lifestyle led him to miss school and relocate often, his second- grade teacher called for his parents to settle in one place so their kids could have a good education — an act that set Hernández on the right track to achieve his dream. Hernández went on to get a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the University of the Pacific in 1984. Two years later, he earned a master’s degree in electrical and computer engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Hernández then joined the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Northern California, where he developed the first full- field digital equipment for breast cancer examination. But his dream to become an astronaut didn’t fade. Hernández persisted through every rejection letter — and kept on polishing his skills. He obtained his pilot’s license, became a certified diver, and even learned to speak Russian. Finally, in 2004, at age 42, his acceptance letter came. After completing Astronaut Candidate Training, he was selected as a mission specialist on the STS-128 mission, bound to launch in August 2009. During the 14-day journey aboard the shuttle Discovery, Hernández helped transport seven tons of equipment and supplies to the International Space Station. Today, Hernández serves as Head of the University of California and runs Tierra Luna, the aerospace consulting firm he co-founded. He is also a motivational speaker and is back to picking fruit — this time, on his own terms, as he owns a vineyard, where he and his father make and sell their own line of wines. 24. Why didn’t Hernández like summer vacations? A. He had too much homework to do. B. The weather was usually unbearable in summer. C. He had to work in the fields all day long. D. The family moved a lot during summer vacations. 25. What inspired Hernández to become an astronaut? A. His lifestyle of travelling frequently. B. Dramas he watched on family’s television. C. Seeing the landing of Apollo 17 on TV. D. A suggestion from his second- grade teacher. 26. What do we know about Hernández? A. He spent 128 days on Discovery. B. He earned a master’s degree in 1984. C. He spent most of his time in Mexico when young. D. He was accepted as an astronaut at age 42. 27. Which of the following can best describe Hernández? A. Faithful and humble. B. Ambitious and persevering. C. Inspirational and cooperative. D. Devoted and sensitive. C In history, the nightshade plant was used to poison kings and emperors. So it’s only fitting that a new tool used to poison AI art generators is named Nightshade. Created by Ben Zhao, a computer science professor at the University of Chicago, the tool is designed to help artists fight copyright infringement (侵权) by AI art generators that are trained using their artwork. Nightshade allows artists to inject an invisible pixel (像素) into their art work before they upload it online. If that artwork is then placed into an AI training set, it will infect the AI model and cause it to break. The original tool could be the saving grace of artists who are rightly concerned about AI infringing on their copyright. So what happens when an image is injected with Nightshade? Based on tests by the developers, the poison data affect the AI models. It can trick the system into thinking an image of a cat is an image of a balloon or that cakes are a toaster. This results in unusable output; and, once the uploaded image is infected, it’s very difficult to remove. This means that tech companies will need to invest quite heavily in finding the infected samples in order to remove them. Currently, AI image generators like Midjourney, DALL-E, and Stable Diffusion do not pay artists for their work, and most do not offer an opt- out (退出) option. Recently, OpenAI began allowing artists to opt out of training sets for DALL-E, but some artists have found the process quite difficult. Still, while some large companies like Shutterstock have said that they’ll obey opt- out requests, it’s unclear if everyone will jump on board. This is what makes Zhao’s efforts so appealing. In addition to Nightshade, Zhao’s team has also developed Glaze, which is designed to prevent AI from stealing an artist’s style. It also works by injecting an invisible pixel into artwork. Eventually, the team wants to fold Nightshade into Glaze and allow artists to decide which tool they wish to use. Together, Zhao hopes that these tools will help favor the artist in the race to keep up with AI. 28. Why is the nightshade plant mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To present the history of nightshade. B. To introduce the background information. C. To demonstrate different functions of nightshade. D. To explain why the name was given to the tool. 29. How does Nightshade work? A By injecting pixels into artworks to fool AI generators. B. By forcing AI generators to pay artists. C. By banning AI generators’ access to artworks. D. By damaging the artworks uploaded. 30. What will Zhao’s team do next? A. Encourage more artists to use their inventions. B. Integrate Nightshade into Glaze. C. Push for the proper use of AI image generators. D. Persuade AI generators to follow the opt- out rules. 31. What’s the main idea of the text? A. A tool defends copyright by misleading AI generators. B. New challenges arise from AI image generators. C. AI image generators are violating artists’ copyright. D. Nightshade helps artists to create better works. D Plants can often tell when they’re in danger — by smell. But not all leaves sniff out threats equally well. In corn plants, baby leaves do this best, new data show. “They recognize that danger is around the corner,” says Lei Wang. He’s a plant biologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland. He and his colleagues shared the new findings in Current Biology. Many plants are known to beef up their chemical defenses when they’ re about to get bitten by insects. One way plants sense such threats is through smell. They can detect smell molecules floating through the air. Those molecules may spread from an insect’s saliva (唾液). Or they may come from neighboring plants that have already been attacked and are on death’s door. Originally, Wang and his team set out to identify airborne chemicals that plants receive as warning scents. But when they started their study, they found that the adult corn leaves they tested did not produce many anti- predator chemicals in response to the smells. So the researchers turned to baby leaves. These are much more fragile than the adult leaves that scientists usually study. In the lab, the team exposed young and adult corn leaves to a common danger-signaling scent. This green-leaf compound is similar to the smell of freshly cut grass. A corn plant might encounter this scent if a nearby plant was in danger. The researchers measured how much danger signal each leaf released in response to the warning smell. New leaves were more sensitive than adult leaves. Even though the adult leaves were worse at “smelling”, however, they did release small amounts of defense chemicals. Other research shows that these leaves can process danger signals other than scent (such as insects munching on them). They can respond to these attacks, too, by issuing chemicals aimed at tackling the threat. Wang hopes his research may lead to the breeding of smarter crops — ones more resistant to insects. In the long run, that should reduce a need for harmful pesticides. 32. What do the underlined words “beef up” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Dismiss. B. Balance. C. Strengthen. D. Overcome. 33. What can be learned from the text? A. Plants defend themselves in various ways. B. Plants sense danger from insect saliva. C. Freshly cut grass was used in the research. D. Adult corn leaves can’t produce defense chemicals. 34. What does Wang hope to achieve with his research? A. To reduce the use of poisonous pesticides. B. To improve the taste of crops. C. To cultivate more profitable plants. D. To create safer pesticides. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Scientists Developing Smarter Crops B. New Study Revealing the Secret of Plants C. Plants Recognizing Danger in Different Ways D. Young Corn Leaves Smelling Danger Better 第二节 (共5 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the dynamic world of fitness, where treadmills (跑步机) hum and weights clink, an emerging concern for sustainability is reshaping the gym experience. ____36____? In this guide, we’ll navigate through key aspects of eco- conscious fitness to help you figure out if your gym is on the sustainable track. ●Energy-efficient equipment A sustainable gym starts with the tools that push your workout. Modern fitness equipment is evolving beyond the pursuit of personal records. ____37____. Energy- efficient machines, equipped with regenerative braking systems and smart technology, employ the power generated during workouts to balance electricity consumption. Look at the very tools that power your workout. Are the machines equipped with energy- efficient features? Do they employ the energy generated during workouts to contribute back to the gym’s power needs? ●____38____ The infrastructure (基础设施) of a gym plays a crucial role in its sustainability journey. The use of eco- friendly materials, energy- efficient lighting and strategic design for natural air circulation are key elements of a green fitness space. Explore the infrastructure of your gym Does the overall design facilitate natural air circulation and use sustainable construction practices? ●Waste management As you are sweating it out at the gym, what happens to the waste generated? Sustainable fitness spaces prioritise comprehensive waste management systems. ____39____. Direct your attention to how your gym manages waste. Are there visible recycling programs for plastics, paper and other common gym materials? Does the gym use eco- friendly cleaning products, demonstrating a commitment to minimising its environmental impact? ● Renewable energy integration ____40____, but sustainable fitness facilities find innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Solar panels and other renewable energy sources are integrated into the gym’s infrastructure to offset power consumption, reducing the facility’s carbon footprint and contributing to a greener energy landscape. Investigate whether your gym is tapping into renewable energy sources. Are there solar panels or wind turbines integrated into the infrastructure? A. This involves recycling programs for common gym materials B. Green building practices C. Adaptable fitness facilities D But how do you know if your gym is truly sustainable E. The energy demands of a busy gym can be considerable F. It’s now contributing to the joint efforts for a greener planet G. Are there signs that your workout increases carbon footprint 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15 小题; 每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Undoubtedly, Sherpas (夏尔巴人) are the unsung heroes of Mount Qomolangma. Back in1953, Edmund Hillary could not have reached the ____41____ of the world’s highest mountain without the ____42____ of Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay. Today Sherpas continue to challenge nature on this famous mountain. Recently Gelje Sherpa carried out a (n) ____43____ rescue when a Malaysian climber came close to death in Qomolangma’s infamous“ death zone”. ____44____ the Himalayan Database, Qomolangma has ____45____ more than 310 lives since 1924. The Malaysian climber looked likely to join this number when Gelje came across him, alone on the mountain and ____46____ equipment. Gelje was faced with a (n) ____47____: continue guiding his client to the mountain’s peak, or ____48____ the journey and save the struggling climber. For Gelje, it was a no- brainer. The climber had to be saved. Gelje convinced his ____49____ to give up the peak attempt, ____50____ the climber to his back and carried him down 600 metres over the course of six hours. Later, he was joined by another ____51____, Nima Tashi Sherpa, who helped to carry the climber the rest of the way to base camp. “It is almost ____52____ to save climbers at that altitude,” Department of Tourism official Bigyan Koirala told the Reuters news agency. “It is a very ____53____ operation.” But Gelje beat the odds, and his heroic efforts ____54____. The rescued climber, whose name was not ____55____ to the media, was flown home after his condition improved. Someone, please buy Gelje a drink! 41. A. back B. surface C. peak D. trail 42. A. admission B. assistance C. command D. commitment 43. A. dramatic B. heroic C. effortless D. typical 44. A. According to B. With regard to C. On behalf of D. Owing to 45. A. endangered B. ignored C. claimed D. spared 46. A. monitoring B. lacking C. hiding D. tracking 47. A. challenge B. defeat C. opportunity D. decision 48. A. arrange B. sustain C. prohibit D. abandon 49. A. friend B. supporter C. companion D. colleague 50. A. stuck B. fastened C. forced D. assigned 51. A. athlete B. consultant C. tourist D. guide 52. A. impossible B. limitless C. critical D. tough 53. A. rare B. routine C. innovative D. precious 54. A. fell short B. spread out C. faded away D. took off 55. A. submitted B. granted C. clarified D. released 第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When BBC’s Planet Earth came out in 2006, the documentary series ____56____ (praise) for its thrilling footage of wildlife from around the world. Hosted by famed naturalist David Attenborough, this project aims to showcase the beauty and ____57____ (diverse) of the natural world; and, by doing so, it has urged the public ____58____ (take) care of our planet. Fast forward 17 years, Planet Earth III has made ____59____ to the airwaves (电视无线电波). A few weeks ago, BBC shared a trailer (预告片) of Planet Earth Ⅲ, ____60____ whales swim across the ocean and wolves walk on a ____61____ (freeze) body of water. And while there are some anxiety- filled encounters, the video does point out who the real threat is. Seals are trapped by fishing nets, and primates ____62____ (cautious) cross a road where cars are zooming by. Critics point out while the footage is breathtaking, there’s a layer of heartbreak to it. Some of the species ____63____ (have) some positive developments over the last few years. But ____64____ show also presents how other creatures have had to adapt not only to climate changes, but also to the direct effects humans have had ____65____ their habitats. Echoing Attenborough’s urgent appeal from 2022, Planet Earth III presents the hardships these creatures face and also reminds the audience why they’ re worth fighting for. 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分 15 分) 66. 假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Christ最近被北京大学录取了。请你给他写一封信，内容包括： 1. 表示祝贺； 2. 你的感想； 3. 表达祝愿。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Christ, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节 (满分25 分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I went out one early November morning last year to walk the dogs, a break from caring for my husband, Dale. Some neighbors were passing by with their dogs too. I told them how weak Dale was. Even though he was finally home from the hospital after suffering two strokes and a heart attack, his breathing still labored from his initial Covid infection in September. I looked down our street, at the homes that would soon be lit in a communal holiday display, and pushed away the thought that this Christmas might be Dale’s last. “We’ll have to skip lighting up this year,” I said. “Dale’s all that matters, and I need to get these dogs walked so I can get back to him.” The couple offered to take care of our Christmas lights, but I turned their offer down because it was just too big a job. We usually went all out, cleaning the house, wrapping the tree, lining the yard and driveway with candy canes. It was a full day’s work for Dale and me. Actually, Christmas was the reason we’d moved to Ashby Avenue in one of Des Moines’ must- see holiday neighborhoods. For the entire month of December, cars paraded down the streets from 6 to 10 pm. Carolers (唱诗班) and community groups filled the sidewalks. The whole neighborhood took on a festive air. I’d always dreamed of being part of it, and when Dale and I heard the news that there was a house going on the market three years ago, we jumped at the chance. I returned with the dogs as fast as I could, in the meantime, feeling sad that we wouldn’t be able to celebrate Christmas as we used to do. Dale was lying on the bed awake, his eyes staring out of the window. I helped him sit up. He wasn’t able to talk much, but we only grew closer in our quiet time together. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The phone rang a few days after I’d run into the fellow dog- walkers. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ On the night of Christmas Eve, I pressed the switch to light up the house. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$