精品解析：江苏省扬州市邗江中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷

江苏省邗江中学2023-2024学年度第二学期 高一英语期中试卷 说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What part of maths is the woman bad at? A．Shapes B．Numbers. C．Angles. 2．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Friends. B．Brother and sister C．Doctor and patient. 3．What industry does the woman hope to work in? A．Travel. B．Finance. C．Medicine. 4．Where are the speakers probably? A．In a classroom B．In the wild. C．In a hospital. 5．When will the woman’s mother probably arrive? A．At about 12:00 p. m. B．At about 3:00 p. m. C．At about 6:00 p. m. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What upsets the woman? A．Her campus life B．Her friends’ attitude. C．Her recent schoolwork. 7．What is the man like according to the woman? A．Strict. B．Positive. C．Knowledgeable 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．What is the man’s job probably? A．A tour guide. B．A ship captain. C．A seaport manager. 9．Which country is the woman from? A．China. B．Singapore C．Italy. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What do the speakers mainly talk about? A．Robots will take jobs from humans. B．Robots will replace humans entirely. C．Robots will be introduced into homes. 11．How does the man think about robots? A．They are not very friendly. B．They break down regularly. C．They do more with less cost. 12．What percentage of jobs will be at risk during the next decade? A．3%. B．15%. C．33%. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What is the man’s job about? A．Observing the planets B．Doing research in space. C．Teaching others knowledge 14．What is the man looking at today? A．Mars. B．Venus. C．The Moon. 15．Where will the woman have lunch? A．At the man’s office. B．At a café. C．At her home. 16．What will the woman do next? A．Go home. B．Use the telescope C．Have lunch. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．During which season did the speaker’s journey take place? A．Winter. B．Fall. C．Summer. 18．What is the speaker’s biggest challenge? A．Traveling alone. B．Bearing the heat. C．Cycl ing for long. 19．What did the family do for the speaker? A．They invited him to their house. B．They taught him a new language. C．They guided him through the desert. 20．What offers inspiration for the speaker’s new book? A．New friends. B．The landscape. C．Local food. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Writing Competitions for High School Students in 2024 Ocean Awareness Writing Contest Ocean Awareness Writing Contest provides a platform for young people to understand environmental issues through artistic creation and creative thoughts, explore their relationship with the changing world, and become advocates of positive change. Competition time: The deadline for submission is June 10, 2024. Students can upload their submissions starting from December 24, 2023. Suitable for students: The contest is an international competition, which is open to any student aged 11—18 in middle or high school. ·Junior Division: 11—14 years old ·Senior Division: 15—18 years old Young Authors Writing Competition Young Authors Writing Competition is sponsored by the English and Creative Writing Department at Columbia College Chicago. The competition has grown into a yearly international con test of high school writers. You may enter up to two works (in separate files) in either of the categories: Creative Nonfiction and Creative Fiction. In the Poetry category, you may enter up to two files, but each can have 1—5 poems. Competition time: The deadline is July 31, 2024. Suitable for students: Open to students in grades 9—12 worldwide Leonard L. Milberg’ 53 High School Poetry Prize Leonard L. Milberg’ 53 High School Poetry Prize recognizes outstanding works by student writers in the 11th grade in the U. S. or abroad. Contest judges are poets on the Princeton University Creative Writing faculty. Competition date: March 26, 2024 Suitable for students: Students in the 11th grade in the U. S. or around the world The New York Times Annual Student Review Contest The New York Times invites students to play critics and write an original review for their New York Times Student Review Contest. Students can review anything that fits into a category of creative expression that The New York Times covers—from architecture to music. Competition date: April 6, 2024 Suitable for students: Students ages 11—19 anywhere in the world attending middle or high school can participate. 1. How many categories are included in Young Authors Writing Competition? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. 2. In which competition are participants grouped by age? A. Ocean Awareness Writing Contest. B Young Authors Writing Competition. C. Leonard L. Milberg’ 53 High School Poetry Prize. D. The New York Times Annual Student Review Contest. 3. What do the four writing competitions have in common? A. They are international contests. B. They are organized by colleges. C. They are intended for all students. D. They are open to different categories of works. B It was October 2005, and the catastrophic earthquake killing some 79,000 people in Pakistan had reduced the valley to mud and ruins. Yasmeen Lari, a 65-year-old architect, was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements, but she had never done disaster work before. Lari was known for designing smooth towers of glass and concrete. But here, she’d be drawing plans for earthquake-resistant homes using stone and timber debris(木材碎片). With each passing day, she felt deeply right to do disaster-relief work. So she made it her new mission, spending the next four months working with volunteer architects and engineers from Pakistan and abroad. Inspired by local buildings made with sustainable materials such as timber debris, bamboo and mud, Lari’s shelters can better withstand disasters. Lari says this local, cost-effective and zero-carbon approach is creating an ecosystem. Anyone can learn by watching DIY videos on Lari’s Zero Carbon Channel on YouTube. The design won a UN World Habitat Prize in 2018.“We need to believe in people’s capacity to bring about change. I treat displaced people as partners, not victims. They know what to do,” says Lari. Over the decades, Yasmeen Lari has won many awards as architect and environmentalist. While it may seem like an unlikely path for a girl who was born into a well-to-do family in1941, she had an unconventional upbringing. At home, her father would talk about the desperate need for housing. Listening to her father talk about the housing crisis and need for architects made an impression on Lari. On a family visit to London when she was 15, she applied to architecture school at Oxford Brookes University. She laughs as she recalls her bravery. At age 83 Yasmeen Lari is still full of ideas about zero-carbon designs, skills building and self-sustaining villages. “Architects can no longer work for just the one percent,” she says. “That doesn’t allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.” 4. What can we learn about Lari from the first two paragraphs? A. She felt considerably proud to do disaster-relief work. B. She started a brand-new volunteer working experience. C. She was good at designing earthquake-resistant houses. D. She reconstructed the settlements with glass and concrete. 5. How did Lari make her design practical and environmental? A. By creating an ecosystem. B. By strengthening local buildings. C. By using local sustainable materials. D. By watching DIY videos on YouTube. 6. Why did Lari decide to apply to architecture school? A. Her interest in architecture drove her. B. Her father encouraged her to path unusual. C. Her father talked about the demand for architects. D. Her rich family allowed her to pursue the most of dream. 7. Which of the following best describes Yasmeen Lari? A. Sensitive and brave. B. Determined and cooperative. C. Honest and generous. D. Sympathetic and eco-responsible. C Removing gender bias Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. Yet this message has failed to enter many other areas of design. Car seat belts, for example, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today the most forward-looking tech companies on Earth are still placing old-school bias (偏见；成见) into new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies—male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face. They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right questions when doing their research for a new product design. And once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together means they may fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法). Next comes testing. Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias—designers may listen to what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users. Tech’s design bias needs fixing for moral, safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, puts it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to women—including seat belts—because they are no! designed properly. But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70—80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? 8. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________. A. hits the market B. gets approval C. becomes successful D. comes into being 9. What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Why tech’s design bias needs to be fixed. B. How gender bias is affecting tech companies. C. Where gender bias in product design is rooted. D. Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies. 10. We can learn from the passage that ________. A. tech companies are unwilling to change B. design bias may result in missed opportunities C. male workers benefit more in engineering teams D. tech companies are poor at making user-friendly products 11. How does the author feel about the future of bias-free product design? A. Uncertain. B. Sceptical. C. Positive. D. Negative. D The increase in primate (灵长类动物) ecotourism is causing stress-related behaviors in monkeys, according to a new study. The study, led by the University of Portsmouth, looked at the impact of a single engine motor boat approaching a community of proboscis monkeys (长鼻猴). Those monkeys are unusual with their very long noses, which makes them appealing to tourists. And many of the boats carrying the tourists approach the primates quickly and loudly, often reaching the river banks just a few meters away from the wildlife. The researchers conducted the experiment by approaching the monkeys in a motor boat with different speeds and travel distances — fast-close(approaching the monkeys for 10 seconds when 40 meters away at a speed of 14.4k m/hr), slow-close(approaching the monkey for 40 seconds when 40 meters away at a speed of 3.6 km/hr), and slow-far conditions(approaching the monkeys for 20 seconds when 100 meters away, at a speed of 3.6 km/hr). The results showed that the monkeys displayed stress-related behaviors for longer in the fast-close and slow-close conditions and also reduced feeding as a result of the boat approaching in the fast-close condition. Once the boat started to approach, the proboscis monkeys showed repeated scratching (挠) and often moved quickly backwards to hide in the trees. This could potentially cause the monkeys to leave their safe sleeping sites and to go deep into the forest as it gets dark, where they could face a higher risk of predation (捕食行为). “Collectively, our findings suggest that the approach of a single motor boat led to stress in proboscis monkeys when they were approached as closely as 60 meters from the other side of the river, regardless of the speed of approach,” said Dr Marina Davila-Ross, lead author of the study. The researchers thus propose that guidelines for primate tourism in the riverside areas should include an approach speed of no more than 4 km/hr within 100 meters of the proboscis monkeys. They suggest it is also important to keep a distance, preferably no closer than 60 meters away, from the monkeys. “Such information might be helpful for tourists, allowing them to modify (修改) their behaviors when visiting the primates and when encouraging guide s to follow the guidelines,” Dr Davila-Ross added. 12. What did the researchers’ experiment show about proboscis monkeys? A. They found the slow-close condition most stressful. B. They tended to go hunting when faced with danger. C. They lost their sense of safety at the sound of motorboats. D. They lost their way very easily at the sight of motorboats. 13. What do the researchers advise tourists to do? A. To approach proboscis monkeys less frequently. B. To avoid getting too close to proboscis monkeys. C. To ask guides for more information about proboscis monkeys. D. To behave themselves while trying to feed proboscis monkeys. 14. Which of the following may be the writer’s attitude towards primate ecotourism? A. Concerns. B. Confidence. C. Disapproval. D. Disinterest. 15. What can be the best title of the text? A. Primate Ecotourism: a better understanding of primates B. Primate Ecotourism: getting close to the primates C. Primate Ecotourism: the conservation of primates D. Primate Ecotourism: a negative effect on primate behavior 第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Is going alone in an unknown area the right way to go, or do you want a tour guide to show you the highlights? I think that you can combine the two ways in one trip and have the best of both worlds. ____16____ The best purchase we made was for a bus tour that would take us around the capital and point out all the main sites. That allowed us the next day to travel on foot to the ones we especially wanted to see. Let’s look at the San Francisco Bay Area which is another one of my favorite vacation spots. Some areas are so familiar to tourists that it’s possible to view the attractions on your own. ____17____ Fisherman’s Wharf and Pier 39 are good examples. Just by walking a few blocks, you can tour Aquarium of the Bay and the Riptide Arcade on Pier 39. ____18____ If you go to Alcatraz Island, you have a choice of going alone, having a live tour guide or being guided by earphones. I would recommend the live tour guides. I went all three ways, and I received more enjoyment by someone telling me items of interest I know I had missed on previous tours. ____19____ It gives you a behind-the-scenes look of colorful Chinatown. The tour covers history, traditions of the local people and culture that you probably wouldn’t know or see by travelling alone. You can go alone to attractions or take a guided tour. It’s your choice and you can choose whichever would give you the most memorable experience. ____20____ A. I recommend both. B. It’s possible to drive to the area and go alone. C. One trip we recently took was to Washington DC. D. Some attractions are worth having a tour guide for. E. Chinatown Walking Tours are a tour-guided must-see. F. That allows you to take your time and go at your own pace. G. The tour guides know what we have never found out on our own. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One early Saturday morning, I was enjoying my coffee and reading the newspaper alone when I heard an old voice from the radio. “Well, Tom, sounds you’re busy with your job. But it’s a ____21____ that you have to be away from home and your family so much. Too bad you ____22____ your daughter’s dance performance. Let me tell you something that has helped me ____23____ my most important things.” “You see, I did a little ____24____ one day. Folks live about seventy-five years ____25____ and have 3,900 Saturdays. I felt ____26____ that I did not think about all this in detail until I was fifty-five years old,” he went on, “if I lived to be seventy-five, I ____27____ had about a thousand of them left to enjoy.” “So I visited three toy stores, ____28____ 1,000 marbles (玻璃弹珠) and put them inside a large, clear plastic container. Every Saturday since then, I have taken one out and ____29____ it away.” “By watching the marbles decrease, I _____30_____ more on the really important things in my life. Watching your time here _____31_____ truly helps get your priorities (优先的事物) _____32_____.” …… He gave us all a lot to think about. However busy we were we should spare time to stay with our family. I had _____33_____ to do some unfinished office work and then meet several radio-lovers. _____34_____, I woke my wife up. “Honey, I’m taking you and the kids out to breakfast. Besides, I need to buy some _____35_____ in a toy store.” 21. A. pity B. pride C. must D. disaster 22. A. delayed B. avoided C. missed D. prevented 23. A. track B. update C. revive D. rate 24 A. research B. evaluation C. maths D. experiment 25. A. in particular B. on average C. on purpose D. in all 26. A. cheerful B. regretful C. confused D. satisfied 27. A. yet B. still C. even D. only 28. A. rounded up B. fixed up C. sold out D. played with 29. A. thrown B. given C. sent D. driven 30. A. based B. reflected C. spent D. focused 31. A. flash back B. run out C. stop D. drag 32. A. straight B. complete C. reasonable D. personal 33. A. longed B. remembered C. intended D. pretended 34. A. Furthermore B. Instead C. Anyway D. Thus 35. A. coffee B. newspapers C. containers D. marbles 第二节 短文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分 15分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 Plogging ____36____ (refer) to the act of picking up trash while jogging. Ploggers collect trash, such as plastic bottles, waste paper and cans from parks, beaches, and other outdoor areas when they exercise. The ____37____ (found) of plogging was Erik Ahlstrom. He used to live in a small town, but later he moved to Stockholm, ____38____ capital city of Sweden. He could hardly believe ____39____ he saw there—garbage filled every corner of the city. So, he decided to do something ____40____ (change) the situation. Every time he went jogging, he would invite some friends to pick up trash with him. This gradually became a habit and inspired more and more people to join in the activity. Some famous sports brands even began to provide ____41____ (run) shoes for plogging enthusiasts (爱好者). Since then, plogging ____42____ (become) increasingly popular around the world. Now, plogging is widely recognized as an ____43____ (effect) and eco-friendly way to keep healthy and contribute to the environment. Whether you are a fitness enthusiast ____44____ simply want to do your part to protect the environment, plogging will be a great choice. So, why not give it a try? You might find a new way to stay connected to nature and make the Earth a _____45_____ (good) place to live on. 第三节 单句语法词法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 46. Her _______ (capable) were always there; all she needed was an opening to show them.(所给词的适当形式填空) 47. It is always important to choose enjoyable, ________ (nutrition) foods. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. Lowering interest rates could have________ (disaster) consequences for the economy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49. Brushing our teeth with salt would protect them and prevent the _______(occur) of respiratory infection (上呼吸道感染). (所给词的适当形式填空) 50. There’s a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too ___________ (commerce). (所给词的适当形式填空) 51. He left his hometown, never ________ (hear) from again. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52. He is said ________(write) a new book about migrant workers, which is well received among readers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 53. Time ____________ (permit), I would like to experience the local culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 54. —Do you have any idea what Paul does all day? —As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he does __________(write). (所给词的适当形式填空) 55. The builders of the expressway _______ (link) Jigzhi County in Qinghai Province to Barkam County in Sichuan Province know how complex it is to build a road in the region. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第四节 短语填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 56. We can say that this great father must _______ _______ a real man some day. 我们相信这个伟大的“父亲”一定能培养出一个成功的男子汉！ 57. All eyes will _______ _______ _______ the television tonight. Utah or Houston? 今天晚上所有的眼睛都会盯着电视，尤它还是休斯顿? 58. In nature viral diseases tend to _______ _______ when populations become densely packed. 在自然界中，当生物种群的数量达到高度密集的时候，病毒性疾病就容易爆发。 59. Scientists have more to do than to allow their imaginations to wander _______ _______. 科学家在任其想象力自由遨游之外还有更多的事情要做。 60. It didn’t _______ _______ me that there could be households in this remote mountain. 没想到在这深山老林之中还有人家居住。 61. These rules tell us how a sentence _______ _______ _______ into phrases. 这些规则告诉我们一个句子是怎样分解成若干短语的。 62. Who knows what the future has _______ _______ _______ us? 谁知道我们将来会怎么样? 63. The weather won’t _______ _______ until the rainy season is over. 雨季不结束天不会放晴。 64. Teachers should _______ _______ their teaching practice and actively engage in planning their professional development. 教师要思考他们的教育实践并积极地计划他们的专业化发展. 65. The two disputing countries decided not to _______ _______ arms. 这两个有争端的国家决定不诉诸武力。 第四部分 应用文写作(20分) 66. 假如你是李华，你校将举办十八岁成人仪式，请代表学生会出一则通知，内容包括： 1．活动时间、地点； 2．活动流程； 3．注意事项。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 3.参考词汇： 十八岁成人仪式18-year-old adult ceremony Notice Dear fellow students, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to this special day with all of you. Students’ Union 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 江苏省邗江中学2023-2024学年度第二学期 高一英语期中试卷 说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What part of maths is the woman bad at? A．Shapes B．Numbers. C．Angles. 2．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Friends. B．Brother and sister C．Doctor and patient. 3．What industry does the woman hope to work in? A．Travel. B．Finance. C．Medicine. 4．Where are the speakers probably? A．In a classroom B．In the wild. C．In a hospital. 5．When will the woman’s mother probably arrive? A．At about 12:00 p. m. B．At about 3:00 p. m. C．At about 6:00 p. m. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What upsets the woman? A．Her campus life B．Her friends’ attitude. C．Her recent schoolwork. 7．What is the man like according to the woman? A．Strict. B．Positive. C．Knowledgeable 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．What is the man’s job probably? A．A tour guide. B．A ship captain. C．A seaport manager. 9．Which country is the woman from? A．China. B．Singapore C．Italy. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What do the speakers mainly talk about? A．Robots will take jobs from humans. B．Robots will replace humans entirely. C．Robots will be introduced into homes. 11．How does the man think about robots? A．They are not very friendly. B．They break down regularly. C．They do more with less cost. 12．What percentage of jobs will be at risk during the next decade? A．3%. B．15%. C．33%. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What is the man’s job about? A．Observing the planets. B．Doing research in space. C．Teaching others knowledge 14．What is the man looking at today? A．Mars. B．Venus. C．The Moon. 15．Where will the woman have lunch? A．At the man’s office. B．At a café. C．At her home. 16．What will the woman do next? A．Go home. B．Use the telescope C．Have lunch. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．During which season did the speaker’s journey take place? A．Winter. B．Fall. C．Summer. 18．What is the speaker’s biggest challenge? A．Traveling alone. B．Bearing the heat. C．Cycl ing for long. 19．What did the family do for the speaker? A．They invited him to their house. B．They taught him a new language. C．They guided him through the desert. 20．What offers inspiration for the speaker’s new book? A．New friends. B．The landscape. C．Local food. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Writing Competitions for High School Students in 2024 Ocean Awareness Writing Contest Ocean Awareness Writing Contest provides a platform for young people to understand environmental issues through artistic creation and creative thoughts, explore their relationship with the changing world, and become advocates of positive change. Competition time: The deadline for submission is June 10, 2024. Students can upload their submissions starting from December 24, 2023. Suitable for students: The contest is an international competition, which is open to any student aged 11—18 in middle or high school. ·Junior Division: 11—14 years old ·Senior Division: 15—18 years old Young Authors Writing Competition Young Authors Writing Competition is sponsored by the English and Creative Writing Department at Columbia College Chicago. The competition has grown into a yearly international con test of high school writers. You may enter up to two works (in separate files) in either of the categories: Creative Nonfiction and Creative Fiction. In the Poetry category, you may enter up to two files, but each can have 1—5 poems. Competition time: The deadline is July 31, 2024. Suitable for students: Open to students in grades 9—12 worldwide Leonard L. Milberg’ 53 High School Poetry Prize Leonard L. Milberg’ 53 High School Poetry Prize recognizes outstanding works by student writers in the 11th grade in the U. S. or abroad. Contest judges are poets on the Princeton University Creative Writing faculty. Competition date: March 26, 2024 Suitable for students: Students in the 11th grade in the U S. or around the world The New York Times Annual Student Review Contest The New York Times invites students to play critics and write an original review for their New York Times Student Review Contest. Students can review anything that fits into a category of creative expression that The New York Times covers—from architecture to music. Competition date: April 6, 2024 Suitable for students: Students ages 11—19 anywhere in the world attending middle or high school can participate. 1. How many categories are included in Young Authors Writing Competition? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. 2. In which competition are participants grouped by age? A. Ocean Awareness Writing Contest. B. Young Authors Writing Competition. C. Leonard L. Milberg’ 53 High School Poetry Prize. D. The New York Times Annual Student Review Contest. 3. What do the four writing competitions have in common? A. They are international contests. B. They are organized by colleges. C. They are intended for all students. D. They are open to different categories of works. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是2024年四个高中学生写作比赛的相关情况。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Young Authors Writing Competition部分的“You may enter up to two works (in separate files) in either of the categories: Creative Nonfiction and Creative Fiction.(最多可以在两个类别中输入两个作品（在单独的文件中）：Creative Nonfiction和Creative Fiction。)”可知，Young Authors Writing Competition里有两个类别，故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Ocean Awareness Writing Contest部分的“·Junior Division: 11—14 years old ·Senior Division: 15—18 years old(·少年组：11-14岁·高级组：15-18岁)”可知，Ocean Awareness Writing Contest的参加者要按年龄分组，故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Ocean Awareness Writing Contest部分的“The contest is an international competition(本次比赛是一项国际竞赛)”，Young Authors Writing Competition部分的“The competition has grown into a yearly international con test of high school writers.(该比赛已发展成为一年一度的国际高中作家比赛。)”，Leonard L. Milberg’ 53 High School Poetry Prize部分的“Suitable for students: Students in the 11th grade in the U. S. or around the world(适合学生：美国或世界各地的11年级学生)”和The New York Times Annual Student Review Contest部分的“Suitable for students: Students ages 11—19 anywhere in the world attending middle or high school can participate.(适合学生：世界各地11-19岁的初高中学生均可参加。)”可知，这四个写作比赛的共同之处是它们是国际性的比赛。故选A。 B It was October 2005, and the catastrophic earthquake killing some 79,000 people in Pakistan had reduced the valley to mud and ruins. Yasmeen Lari, a 65-year-old architect, was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements, but she had never done disaster work before. Lari was known for designing smooth towers of glass and concrete. But here, she’d be drawing plans for earthquake-resistant homes using stone and timber debris(木材碎片). With each passing day, she felt deeply right to do disaster-relief work. So she made it her new mission, spending the next four months working with volunteer architects and engineers from Pakistan and abroad. Inspired by local buildings made with sustainable materials such as timber debris, bamboo and mud, Lari’s shelters can better withstand disasters. Lari says this local, cost-effective and zero-carbon approach is creating an ecosystem. Anyone can learn by watching DIY videos on Lari’s Zero Carbon Channel on YouTube. The design won a UN World Habitat Prize in 2018.“We need to believe in people’s capacity to bring about change. I treat displaced people as partners, not victims. They know what to do,” says Lari. Over the decades, Yasmeen Lari has won many awards as architect and environmentalist. While it may seem like an unlikely path for a girl who was born into a well-to-do family in1941, she had an unconventional upbringing. At home, her father would talk about the desperate need for housing. Listening to her father talk about the housing crisis and need for architects made an impression on Lari. On a family visit to London when she was 15, she applied to architecture school at Oxford Brookes University. She laughs as she recalls her bravery. At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still full of ideas about zero-carbon designs, skills building and self-sustaining villages. “Architects can no longer work for just the one percent,” she says. “That doesn’t allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.” 4. What can we learn about Lari from the first two paragraphs? A. She felt considerably proud to do disaster-relief work. B. She started a brand-new volunteer working experience. C. She was good at designing earthquake-resistant houses. D. She reconstructed the settlements with glass and concrete. 5. How did Lari make her design practical and environmental? A. By creating an ecosystem. B. By strengthening local buildings. C. By using local sustainable materials. D. By watching DIY videos on YouTube. 6. Why did Lari decide to apply to architecture school? A. Her interest in architecture drove her. B. Her father encouraged her to path unusual. C. Her father talked about the demand for architects. D. Her rich family allowed her to pursue the most of dream. 7. Which of the following best describes Yasmeen Lari? A. Sensitive and brave. B. Determined and cooperative. C. Honest and generous. D. Sympathetic and eco-responsible. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了巴基斯坦女性建筑师Yasmeen Lari努力改进村庄的房屋设计以更好地抵御自然灾害，突显其体恤村民和倡导环保的精神。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It was October 2005, and the catastrophic earthquake killing some 79,000 people in Pakistan had reduced the valley to mud and ruins.(那是2005年10月，巴基斯坦发生了灾难性的地震，造成约7.9万人死亡，山谷变成了泥泞和废墟。)”以及第二段中“But here, she’d be drawing plans for earthquake-resistant homes using stone and timber debris(木材碎片). With each passing day, she felt deeply right to do disaster-relief work. So she made it her new mission, spending the next four months working with volunteer architects and engineers from Pakistan and abroad.( 但在这里，她会用石头和木屑来设计抗震房屋。每过一天，她都深深感到做救灾工作是正确的。因此，她把它作为自己的新任务，在接下来的四个月里，她与来自巴基斯坦和国外的志愿者建筑师和工程师一起工作。)”可知，在巴基斯坦发生了灾难性的地震之后，Lari会用石头和木屑来设计抗震房屋，她把它作为自己的新任务，在接下来的四个月里，她与来自巴基斯坦和国外的志愿者建筑师和工程师一起工作，由此可知，Lai开始了一段全新的志愿者工作经历。故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inspired by local buildings made with sustainable materials such as timber debris, bamboo and mud, Lari’s shelters can better withstand disasters. (受到当地用木材碎片、竹子和泥土等可持续材料建造的建筑的启发，拉里的避难所可以更好地抵御灾害。)”可知，Lari设计的房屋就地取材，低成本、零碳，实用环保即这些材料是可持续的材料。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Listening to her father talk about the housing crisis and need for architects made an impression on Lari. On a family visit to London when she was 15, she applied to architecture school at Oxford Brookes University. (听父亲谈论住房危机和对建筑师的需求给拉里留下了深刻的印象。15岁时随家人去伦敦旅游，她申请了牛津布鲁克斯大学(Oxford brooks University)的建筑学院。)”可知，Lari申请建筑学院的原因是因为听父亲谈论住房危机和对建筑师的需求给其留下了深刻的印象。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still full of ideas about zero-carbon designs, skills building and self-sustaining villages.( 83岁高龄的Yasmeen Lari仍然对零碳设计、技能培养和自给自足的村庄充满了想法。)”以及““Architects can no longer work for just the one percent,” she says. “That doesn’t allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.”(“建筑师不能再只为那1%的人工作了，”她说。“这让他们无法尽其所能为人类服务。”)”可知，Yasmeen Lari仍然对零碳设计、技能培养和自给自足的村庄充满了想法以及她认为建筑师应该尽全力为所有人服务，故体现出她是富有同情心和环保意识的。故选D。 C Removing gender bias Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. Yet this message has failed to enter many other areas of design. Car seat belts, for example, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today the most forward-looking tech companies on Earth are still placing old-school bias (偏见；成见) into new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies—male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face. They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right questions when doing their research for a new product design. And once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together means they may fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法). Next comes testing. Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias—designers may listen to what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users. Tech’s design bias needs fixing for moral, safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, puts it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to women—including seat belts—because they are no! designed properly. But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70—80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? 8. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________. A. hits the market B. gets approval C. becomes successful D. comes into being 9. What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Why tech’s design bias needs to be fixed. B. How gender bias is affecting tech companies. C. Where gender bias in product design is rooted. D. Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies. 10. We can learn from the passage that ________. A. tech companies are unwilling to change B design bias may result in missed opportunities C. male workers benefit more in engineering teams D. tech companies are poor at making user-friendly products 11. How does the author feel about the future of bias-free product design? A. Uncertain. B. Sceptical. C. Positive. D. Negative. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了“产品设计存在性别偏见”这一事实，分析了在产品设计上产生偏见和原因，出于道德，安全以及商业原因，这些偏见需要消除，而作者对此抱有积极态度。 【8题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线短语的主语“an idea”意为“想法；主意”，结合后文“ it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men.”（然后，它将由产品设计和工程团队来处理，其中四分之三的成员是男性。）可知，这个想法或创意应是先被批准，才将由产品设计和工程团队来处理。由此可推知，划线短语“gets the green light”应是“获得批准”含义，与选项B“gets approval(得到批准)”表达含义一致。故选B项。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第二，三段内容可知，第二段中“An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies—male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding.”（其设计问题的一个明显原因是男性控制了大部分公司。男性经营的公司获得了82%的风险投资。）为该段的主旨句，由此可知，第二段主要讲述了产品存在性别偏见的原因是男性控制了大部分公司，并且在进行决策是，往往使用的是缺乏普适性的数据。第三段的主旨句为“Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people.”（当然，设计师会在他们的目标客户身上测试原始模型，但他们可能无法从足够广泛的人群中获得反馈），由此可知，第三段讲述了在进行产品测试时，设计师们无法从足够广泛的人群中得到反馈，且往往忽略一些用户群体的负面反馈。由此可知，第二，三段主要讲述了在产品设计过程中，哪些环节出现了问题。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed.”（但也有一个强大的商业理由来避免设计偏见，因为巨大的机会正在被错过。）可知，设计偏见可能会导致错过巨大的商机。故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段开头句“Change is coming.”可知，在作者看来，改变（产品性别偏见）即将到来，且后文“ ‘Femtech’ start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits.(专注于女性健康和福祉的“Femtech”初创公司可能在今年年底前筹集到10亿美元的MYM资金。风投基金和科技公司正在雇佣更多的女性。确保产品是为每个人设计的，将会带来更快乐和更安全的客户。对那些做对了的公司来说，这意味着更高的利润。)”列举了一些产品的设计考的女性用户的例子以及公司会雇佣更多的女性能够带来更高的利润。由此推断作者对于无偏见产品设计的未来持有积极的态度。故选C项。 D The increase in primate (灵长类动物) ecotourism is causing stress-related behaviors in monkeys, according to a new study. The study, led by the University of Portsmouth, looked at the impact of a single engine motor boat approaching a community of proboscis monkeys (长鼻猴). Those monkeys are unusual with their very long noses, which makes them appealing to tourists. And many of the boats carrying the tourists approach the primates quickly and loudly, often reaching the river banks just a few meters away from the wildlife. The researchers conducted the experiment by approaching the monkeys in a motor boat with different speeds and travel distances — fast-close(approaching the monkeys for 10 seconds when 40 meters away at a speed of 14.4k m/hr), slow-close(approaching the monkey for 40 seconds when 40 meters away at a speed of 3.6 km/hr), and slow-far conditions(approaching the monkeys for 20 seconds when 100 meters away, at a speed of 3.6 km/hr). The results showed that the monkeys displayed stress-related behaviors for longer in the fast-close and slow-close conditions and also reduced feeding as a result of the boat approaching in the fast-close condition. Once the boat started to approach, the proboscis monkeys showed repeated scratching (挠) and often moved quickly backwards to hide in the trees. This could potentially cause the monkeys to leave their safe sleeping sites and to go deep into the forest as it gets dark, where they could face a higher risk of predation (捕食行为). “Collectively, our findings suggest that the approach of a single motor boat led to stress in proboscis monkeys when they were approached as closely as 60 meters from the other side of the river, regardless of the speed of approach,” said Dr Marina Davila-Ross, lead author of the study. The researchers thus propose that guidelines for primate tourism in the riverside areas should include an approach speed of no more than 4 km/hr within 100 meters of the proboscis monkeys. They suggest it is also important to keep a distance, preferably no closer than 60 meters away, from the monkeys. “Such information might be helpful for tourists, allowing them to modify (修改) their behaviors when visiting the primates and when encouraging guide s to follow the guidelines,” Dr Davila-Ross added. 12 What did the researchers’ experiment show about proboscis monkeys? A. They found the slow-close condition most stressful. B. They tended to go hunting when faced with danger. C. They lost their sense of safety at the sound of motorboats. D. They lost their way very easily at the sight of motorboats. 13. What do the researchers advise tourists to do? A. To approach proboscis monkeys less frequently. B. To avoid getting too close to proboscis monkeys. C. To ask guides for more information about proboscis monkeys. D. To behave themselves while trying to feed proboscis monkeys. 14. Which of the following may be the writer’s attitude towards primate ecotourism? A. Concerns. B. Confidence. C. Disapproval. D. Disinterest. 15. What can be the best title of the text? A Primate Ecotourism: a better understanding of primates B. Primate Ecotourism: getting close to the primates C. Primate Ecotourism: the conservation of primates D. Primate Ecotourism: a negative effect on primate behavior 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，新的研究表明，灵长类动物生态旅游的增加会导致长鼻猴的压力应激行为。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The results showed that the monkeys displayed stress-related behaviors for longer in the fast-close and slow-close conditions and also reduced feeding as a result of the boat approaching in the fast-close condition. Once the boat started to approach, the proboscis monkeys showed repeated scratching ( 挠 ) and often moved quickly backwards to hide in the trees.This could potentially cause the monkeys to leave their safe sleeping sites and to go deep into the forest as it gets dark, where they could face a higher risk of predation (捕食行为).(结果表明，在快近和慢近条件下，猴子表现出与压力相关的行为的时间更长，并且在快近条件下，由于船只接近而减少进食。一旦船开始靠近，长鼻猴就会反复抓挠，并经常迅速后退，躲到树上。这可能会导致猴子在天黑时离开它们安全的睡觉地点，进入森林深处，在那里它们可能面临更高的捕食风险。)”可知，摩托艇的声音会使长鼻猴丧失安全感，故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“They suggest it is also important to keep a distance, preferably no closer than 60 meters away, from the monkeys.(他们建议，与猴子保持距离也很重要，最好不超过60米)”可知，研究者们建议游客要避免距离长鼻猴太近，故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第四段中“This could potentially cause the monkeys to leave their safe sleeping sites and to go deep into the forest as it gets dark, where they could face a higher risk of predation (捕食行为).(这可能会导致猴子在天黑时离开它们安全的睡觉地点，进入森林深处，在那里它们可能面临更高的被捕食风险)”和第五段中“our findings suggest that the approach of a single motor boat led to stress in proboscis monkeys when they were approached as closely as 60 meters from the other side of the river, regardless of the speed of approach(我们的研究结果表明，当一艘摩托艇接近长鼻猴时，无论其接近的速度如何，它们在距离河对岸60米的地方都会感到压力)”可知，作者客观描述该研究，担忧灵长类动物生态旅游给长鼻猴带来的压力，故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“The increase in primate (灵长类动物) ecotourism is causing stress-related behaviors in monkeys, according to a new study.(根据一项新的研究，灵长类动物生态旅游的增加正在导致猴子的压力相关行为)”可知，本文主要介绍了灵长类动物生态旅游的增加对于长鼻猴的负面影响，D项“灵长类动物生态旅游：对灵长类动物行为的负面影响”为最佳标题，故选D。 第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Is going alone in an unknown area the right way to go, or do you want a tour guide to show you the highlights? I think that you can combine the two ways in one trip and have the best of both worlds. ____16____ The best purchase we made was for a bus tour that would take us around the capital and point out all the main sites. That allowed us the next day to travel on foot to the ones we especially wanted to see. Let’s look at the San Francisco Bay Area which is another one of my favorite vacation spots. Some areas are so familiar to tourists that it’s possible to view the attractions on your own. ____17____ Fisherman’s Wharf and Pier 39 are good examples. Just by walking a few blocks, you can tour Aquarium of the Bay and the Riptide Arcade on Pier 39. ____18____ If you go to Alcatraz Island, you have a choice of going alone, having a live tour guide or being guided by earphones. I would recommend the live tour guides. I went all three ways, and I received more enjoyment by someone telling me items of interest I know I had missed on previous tours. ____19____ It gives you a behind-the-scenes look of colorful Chinatown. The tour covers history, traditions of the local people and culture that you probably wouldn’t know or see by travelling alone. You can go alone to attractions or take a guided tour. It’s your choice and you can choose whichever would give you the most memorable experience. ____20____ A. I recommend both. B. It’s possible to drive to the area and go alone. C. One trip we recently took was to Washington DC. D. Some attractions are worth having a tour guide for. E. Chinatown Walking Tours are a tour-guided must-see. F. That allows you to take your time and go at your own pace. G. The tour guides know what we have never found out on our own. 【答案】16. C 17. F 18. D 19. E 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了旅游中独自游玩还是选择有导游的方式哪一种方式更好，作者根据自己的旅游经历建议最好是两者相结合，这种互补的方式能让旅游更完美、更难忘。 【16题详解】 根据上文的“Is going alone in an unknown area the right way to go, or do you want a tour guide to show you the highlights? I think that you can combine the two ways in one trip and have the best of both worlds.(独自一人去一个陌生的地方是正确的做法吗？还是你想要一个导游告诉你亮点？我认为你可以在一次旅行中把这两种方式结合起来做到两全其美)”和下文的“The best purchase we made was for a bus tour that would take us around the capital and point out all the main sites. That allowed us the next day to travel on foot to the ones we especially wanted to see.(我们所做的最好的购买是一次巴士之旅，它可以带我们游览首都并指出所有的主要景点。这样，第二天我们就可以步行去我们特别想去的地方了)”可知，C项(我们最近去了一次华盛顿特区)承接上文，通过作者的亲身经历来说明怎样做到两全其美，作者建议在旅游中将两种方式结合起来，后面所举例子就是自己在一次旅游中将两者结合的经历。故选C项。 【17题详解】 根据上文的“Let’s look at the San Francisco Bay Area which is another one of my favorite vacation spots. Some areas are so familiar to tourists that it’s possible to view the attractions on your own.(让我们来看看旧金山湾区，这是我最喜欢的度假胜地之一。有些地区对游客来说是如此熟悉，以至于可以自己参观景点)”和下文的“Fisherman’s Wharf and Pier 39 are good examples. Just by walking a few blocks, you can tour Aquarium of the Bay and the Riptide Arcade on Pier 39.(渔人码头和39号码头就是很好的例子。只需步行几个街区，你就可以参观39号码头的海湾水族馆和激流拱廊)”可知，F项(这样你就可以慢慢来，按照自己的节奏去参观)承接上文，说明了游客对某些景点的熟悉带来的自己参观的便利，下文具体举例子说明了这一点。故选F项。 【18题详解】 根据下文的“If you go to Alcatraz Island, you have a choice of going alone, having a live tour guide or being guided by earphones. I would recommend the live tour guides.(如果你去恶魔岛，你可以选择一个人去，或现场请一位导游或由耳机引导。我推荐现场请导游)”可知，D项(有些景点值得请导游)适合做主题句，下文具体举出了一个值得有导游引领的景点。故选D项。 【19题详解】 根据下文的“It gives you a behind-the-scenes look of colorful Chinatown. The tour covers history, traditions of the local people and culture that you probably wouldn’t know or see by travelling alone.(让你了解多姿多彩的唐人街的幕后风貌。这趟旅行涵盖了历史、当地人民的传统和文化，这些是你独自旅行时可能不会知道或看到的)”可知，这里介绍了另外一个值得跟随导游游玩的地方，即唐人街，E项(唐人街徒步游是跟随导游的必游项目)可以引出下文的介绍。故选E项。 【20题详解】 根据上文的“You can go alone to attractions or take a guided tour. It’s your choice and you can choose whichever would give you the most memorable experience. (你可以独自去景点，也可以参加导游团。这是你的选择，你可以选择给你带来最难忘经历的做法)”可知，A项(我两者都推荐)承接上文，作者建议两者可相结合，是对本文的一个总结，和开头的“I think that you can combine the two ways in one trip and have the best of both worlds.”呼应。故选A项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One early Saturday morning, I was enjoying my coffee and reading the newspaper alone when I heard an old voice from the radio. “Well, Tom, sounds you’re busy with your job. But it’s a ____21____ that you have to be away from home and your family so much. Too bad you ____22____ your daughter’s dance performance. Let me tell you something that has helped me ____23____ my most important things.” “You see, I did a little ____24____ one day. Folks live about seventy-five years ____25____ and have 3,900 Saturdays. I felt ____26____ that I did not think about all this in detail until I was fifty-five years old,” he went on, “if I lived to be seventy-five, I ____27____ had about a thousand of them left to enjoy.” “So I visited three toy stores, ____28____ 1,000 marbles (玻璃弹珠) and put them inside a large, clear plastic container. Every Saturday since then, I have taken one out and ____29____ it away.” “By watching the marbles decrease, I _____30_____ more on the really important things in my life. Watching your time here _____31_____ truly helps get your priorities (优先的事物) _____32_____.” …… He gave us all a lot to think about. However busy we were, we should spare time to stay with our family. I had _____33_____ to do some unfinished office work and then meet several radio-lovers. _____34_____, I woke my wife up. “Honey, I’m taking you and the kids out to breakfast. Besides, I need to buy some _____35_____ in a toy store.” 21. A. pity B. pride C. must D. disaster 22. A. delayed B. avoided C. missed D. prevented 23. A. track B. update C. revive D. rate 24. A. research B. evaluation C. maths D. experiment 25. A. in particular B. on average C. on purpose D. in all 26. A. cheerful B. regretful C. confused D. satisfied 27. A. yet B. still C. even D. only 28. A. rounded up B. fixed up C. sold out D. played with 29. A. thrown B. given C. sent D. driven 30. A. based B. reflected C. spent D. focused 31. A. flash back B. run out C. stop D. drag 32. A. straight B. complete C. reasonable D. personal 33. A. longed B. remembered C. intended D. pretended 34. A. Furthermore B. Instead C. Anyway D. Thus 35. A. coffee B. newspapers C. containers D. marbles 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要通过听广播明白了一个道理：人的生命是有限的，应该珍惜与家人在一起的时光，多和家人生活在一起。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很遗憾，你不得不离开家和你的家人很多。A. pity可惜，遗憾；B. pride自豪；C. must必不可少的事物；D. disaster灾难。根据上文中的“Well, Tom, sounds you’re busy with your job.”可知，听起来工作很忙，结合下文中的“you have to be away from home and your family so much.”可知，你不得不离开你的家和家人很多，由此可知，这是一件让人感到“遗憾”的事情。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：真可惜你错过了你女儿的舞蹈表演。A. delayed延迟；B. avoided避免；C. missed思念；D. prevented阻止。根据常识和上文中的“Too bad”可知，此处讲述的是“错过”女儿的舞蹈表演是很可惜的事情。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我告诉你一些帮助我评价我最重要的事情的东西。A. track跟踪；B. update更新；C. revive重新唤起，重新记起；D. rate评价，评定。根据下文中的“By watching the marbles decrease, I ____10____ more on the really important things in my life.”可知，看着玻璃弹珠减少，发现人生中真正重要的事情，由此可推断，此处告诉听众一些帮助他“评价”最重要事情的方法。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你看，有一天我做了一点数学题。A. research调查；B. evaluation估计；C. maths数学；D. experiment实验。根据下文中的“Folks live about seventy-five years ____5____ and have 3,900 Saturdays.”可知，此处指的是广播员做“数学”题，符合语境。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：人们的平均寿命约为75岁，有3900个星期六。A. in particular特别地；B. on average平均，一般；C. on purpose故意地；D. in all总计。根据常识和上文中的“Folks live about seventy-five years”可知，人们的“平均”寿命是75岁，3900个星期六。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到遗憾的是，直到我55岁的时候，我才详细地考虑到这一切。A. cheerful兴高采烈的；B. regretful后悔的；C. confused迷惑的；D. satisfied满意的。根据下文中的“that I did not think about all this in detail until I was fifty-five years old”可知，广播员在55岁才详细考虑到这一切，由此可知，此处应为“后悔”符合语境。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我活到75岁，我就只剩下大约1000个机会来享受了。A. yet然而；B. still仍然；C. even甚至；D. only仅仅，只。根据上文中的“if I lived to be seventy-five”以及下文中的“had about a thousand of them left to enjoy.”可知，如果活到75岁的时候，“只”剩下1000周六可以享受，说明剩下的时间不多。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以我去了三家玩具店，收集了1000颗弹珠，把它们放在一个透明的大塑料容器里。A. rounded up收集；B. fixed up整修，解决；C. sold out售尽；D. played with玩耍。根据上文中的“So I visited three toy stores”可知，广播员去了三家玩具店，结合下文中的“and put them inside a large, clear plastic container.”可知，把这些玻璃弹珠放到一个大的塑料容器中，由此可知，此处指的是去三家玩具店“收集”玻璃弹珠，符合语境。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后的每个星期六，我都会拿出一个扔掉。A. thrown扔，抛，投；B. given给予；C. sent派送；D. driven驱使。根据上文中的“Every Saturday since then, I have taken one out”可知，每天取出一个，结合下文中的“By watching the marbles decrease”可知，看着玻璃弹珠减少，所以此处应该是“扔掉”，以此来计算剩下的时间。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过看着弹珠减少，我把更多的精力放在了我生命中真正重要的事情上。A. based以……为基础；B. reflected反映；C. spent花费，度过；D. focused集中。根据上文中的“By watching the marbles decrease”可知，通过看着时间在减少，人们会把精力“集中”在重要的事情上，focus on意为“集中精力在……上”。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：看着你在这里的时间用尽，真的能帮你理清事情的轻重缓急。A. flash back突然出现；B. run out用尽；C. stop停止；D. drag拖，拉。根据上文中的“By watching the marbles decrease, I ____10____ more on the really important things in my life.”可知，看着玻璃弹珠在减少，会把更多的精力放在了我生命中真正重要的事情上，由此可知，此处指的是看着时间在“用尽”符合语境。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着你在这里的时间用完，真的能帮你理清事情的轻重缓急。A. straight直的；B. complete完全的；C. reasonable合理的；D. personal个人的。根据上文中的“By watching the marbles decrease, I ____10____ more on the really important things in my life.”可知，看着玻璃弹珠在减少，会把更多的精力放在了我生命中真正重要的事情上，由此可知，看着时间在减少，会帮助你“理清”事情的轻重缓急，get sth. straight意为“理清某事”。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本来打算做一些未完成的办公室工作，然后去见几个无线电爱好者。A. longed渴望；B. remembered记住；C. intended打算；D. pretended假装。根据语境和下文中的“____14____ , I woke my wife up. “Honey, I’m taking you and the kids out to breakfast.”可知，作者听完了广播后，觉得应该多和家人在一起，所以，叫醒妻子，打算带孩子们一起去吃早餐，由此可知，此处应指的是本“打算”完成工作后去见几个无线电爱好者。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我叫醒了我的妻子。A. Furthermore而且；B. Instead相反；C. Anyway不管怎样；D. Thus因此。根据上文中的“I had ____13____ to do some unfinished office work and then meet several radio-lovers.”可知，作者本打算完成工作后见几个无线电爱好者，结合下文中的“I woke my wife up. “Honey, I’m taking you and the kids out to breakfast.”可知，作者叫醒妻子要带孩子一起去吃早饭，由此可知，上下文之间表示转折关系，所以此处使用“相反”符合逻辑。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，我还需要去玩具店买一些弹珠。A. coffee咖啡；B. newspapers报纸；C. containers容器；D. marbles玻璃弹珠。根据上文中的“So I visited three toy stores, ____8____ 1,000 marbles (玻璃弹珠) and put them inside a large, clear plastic container.”可知，广播员收集了1000个玻璃弹珠，提醒时间在逐渐减少，所以作者效仿广播员的做法，所以此处应是“玻璃弹珠”符合语境。故选D项。 第二节 短文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分 15分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 Plogging ____36____ (refer) to the act of picking up trash while jogging. Ploggers collect trash, such as plastic bottles, waste paper and cans from parks, beaches, and other outdoor areas when they exercise. The ____37____ (found) of plogging was Erik Ahlstrom. He used to live in a small town, but later he moved to Stockholm, ____38____ capital city of Sweden. He could hardly believe ____39____ he saw there—garbage filled every corner of the city. So, he decided to do something ____40____ (change) the situation. Every time he went jogging, he would invite some friends to pick up trash with him. This gradually became a habit and inspired more and more people to join in the activity. Some famous sports brands even began to provide ____41____ (run) shoes for plogging enthusiasts (爱好者). Since then, plogging ____42____ (become) increasingly popular around the world. Now, plogging is widely recognized as an ____43____ (effect) and eco-friendly way to keep healthy and contribute to the environment. Whether you are a fitness enthusiast ____44____ simply want to do your part to protect the environment, plogging will be a great choice. So, why not give it a try? You might find a new way to stay connected to nature and make the Earth a _____45_____ (good) place to live on. 【答案】36. refers 37. founder 38. the 39. what 40. to change 41. running 42. has become 43. effective 44. or 45. better 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种绿色生活方式plogging—拾荒慢跑，既能强身健体，又能保护环境。 【36题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：Plogging指慢跑时捡垃圾的行为。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是动名词Plogging，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填refers。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：plogging的创始人是Erik Ahlstrom。Erik Ahlstrom是plogging的创始人，空格处意为“创始人”，应用名词founder，Erik Ahlstrom是一个创始人，因此空格处用单数，故填founder。 【38题详解】 考查定冠词。句意：他过去住在一个小镇上，但后来他搬到了瑞典的首都斯德哥尔摩。空格处用定冠词the特指瑞典的首都斯德哥尔摩，故填the。 【39题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他简直不敢相信他在那里所看到的——城市的每个角落都是垃圾。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，此处表示“他简直不敢相信他在那里所看到的”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 【40题详解】 考查不定式。句意：所以，他决定做点什么来改变这种情况。根据语境可知，句子表示“他决定做点什么来改变这种情况”，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to change。 【41题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：一些著名的运动品牌甚至开始为运动爱好者提供跑鞋。running shoes是固定用法，意为“跑鞋”，故填running。 【42题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，plogging在世界各地变得越来越流行。由Since then可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语plogging是动名词，谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是has become。故填has become。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：现在，plogging被广泛认为是一种有效而环保的方式，既能保持健康，又能对环境做出贡献。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词way，effect形容词effective符合题意，意为“有效的”，故填effective。 【44题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：无论你是一个健身爱好者，还是只是想尽自己的一份力量来保护环境，plogging都是一个不错的选择。whether… or…是固定搭配，意为“无论是……还是……”，故填or。 【45题详解】 考查比较级。句意：你可能会找到一种与自然保持联系的新方式，让地球成为一个更适合居住的地方。根据语境可知，句子表示“让地球成为一个更适合居住的地方”，空格处意为“更好的”，用比较级better。故填better。 第三节 单句语法词法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 46. Her _______ (capable) were always there; all she needed was an opening to show them.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】capabilities 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的能力一直在那里，她所需要的只是一个展示它们的机会。作主语，应用名词capability“能力”，结合后文were可知用复数。故填capabilities。 47. It is always important to choose enjoyable, ________ (nutrition) foods. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】nutritious 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：选择令人愉快、营养丰富的食物总是很重要的。根据空格后的名词foods可知，此处用提示词的形容词形式nutritious作定语表示“营养丰富的”食物。故填nutritious。 48. Lowering interest rates could have________ (disaster) consequences for the economy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】disastrous 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：降低利率可能会给经济带来灾难性的后果。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词consequences，disastrous灾难性的，形容词。故填disastrous。 49. Brushing our teeth with salt would protect them and prevent the _______(occur) of respiratory infection (上呼吸道感染). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】occurrence 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：用盐刷牙可以保护牙齿，防止呼吸道感染的发生。作宾语，应用不可数名词occurrence，故填occurrence。 50. There’s a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too ___________ (commerce). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】commercial 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：很多人都觉得音乐已经变得太商业化了。分析句子可知，空处用形容词作表语，commerce对应的形容词为commercial，译为：商业化的。故填commercial。 51. He left his hometown, never ________ (hear) from again. (所给词适当形式填空) 【答案】to be heard 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他离开了家乡，从此以后再也没消息了。分析句子结构可知，hear在句中应用非谓语动词形式，表将来与逻辑主语he构成被动关系，应用to be done形式。never to do sth作结果状语。故填to be heard。 52. He is said ________(write) a new book about migrant workers, which is well received among readers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have written 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意：据说他写了一本关于农民工的新书，深受读者欢迎。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型“据说某人.....”应用sb be said to do/to be doing/to have done的结构，由句意可知此处表示动作已经完成，应用不定式的完成时。故填to have written。 53. Time ____________ (permit), I would like to experience the local culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】permitting 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果时间允许，我想体验当地的文化。分析句子结构可知，此处应为独立主格结构。permit与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以实用现在分词形式。故填permitting。 54. —Do you have any idea what Paul does all day? —As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he does __________(write). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】writing 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——你知道保罗每天都做些什么吗？——据我所知，他花在玩耍上的时间至少和他写作上的时间一样多。此处does代指上文提到的spends，spend time (in) doing固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，所以此处应用动名词作宾语，故填writing。 55. The builders of the expressway _______ (link) Jigzhi County in Qinghai Province to Barkam County in Sichuan Province know how complex it is to build a road in the region. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】linking 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：连接青海省久治县和四川省马尔康县的高速公路的建设者知道在该地区修建公路是多么复杂。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作expressway的后置定语，link“连接”和expressway逻辑上是主动关系，应用link的现在分词形式。故填linking。 第四节 短语填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 56. We can say that this great father must _______ _______ a real man some day. 我们相信这个伟大的“父亲”一定能培养出一个成功的男子汉！ 【答案】 ①. bring ②. up 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“培养出”，可用动词短语bring up，且情态动词must后bring应用原形。故填bring up。 57. All eyes will _______ _______ _______ the television tonight. Utah or Houston? 今天晚上所有的眼睛都会盯着电视，尤它还是休斯顿? 【答案】 ①. be ②. focused ③. on 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。结合语意，可知考查短语fix one’s eyes on…… ，此处主语eyes与focus是被动关系，再结合空前的will，可知此处填be foused on，构成一般将来时的被动语态。故答案为be focused on。 58. In nature viral diseases tend to _______ _______ when populations become densely packed. 在自然界中，当生物种群的数量达到高度密集的时候，病毒性疾病就容易爆发。 【答案】 ①. break ②. out 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“爆发”短语为break out，且上文为短语tend to do sth.。故填break out。 59. Scientists have more to do than to allow their imaginations to wander _______ _______. 科学家在任其想象力自由遨游之外还有更多的事情要做。 【答案】 ①. at ②. large 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“自由遨游”的英语是动词wander+介词短语at large；其中介词短语at large是一个习惯短语表示“自由自在地，肆意地”。故填at；large。 60. It didn’t _______ _______ me that there could be households in this remote mountain. 没想到在这深山老林之中还有人家居住。 【答案】 ①. occur ②. to 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“某人想到……”句型为it occur to sb. that...，此处为否定陈述句。故填occur to。 61. These rules tell us how a sentence _______ _______ _______ into phrases. 这些规则告诉我们一个句子是怎样分解成若干短语的。 【答案】 ①. is ②. broken ③. down 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。“分解”使用动词短语break down，和主语sentence之间是被动关系，结合主句时态和句意可知，此处描述一个事实，使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语a sentence表示单数意义，故填①is；②broken；③down。 62. Who knows what the future has _______ _______ _______ us? 谁知道我们将来会怎么样? 【答案】 ①. in ②. store ③. for 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语。“将来会怎么样”即“……即将会发生在某人身上”，使用介词短语in store for，故填①in，②store，③for。 63. The weather won’t _______ _______ until the rainy season is over. 雨季不结束天不会放晴。 【答案】 ①. clear ②. up 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“放晴”使用动词短语clear up，won’t后接动词原形，故填①clear②up。 64. Teachers should _______ _______ their teaching practice and actively engage in planning their professional development. 教师要思考他们的教育实践并积极地计划他们的专业化发展. 【答案】 ①. think ②. about 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“思考”短语为think about，且should后跟动词原形。故填think about。 65. The two disputing countries decided not to _______ _______ arms. 这两个有争端的国家决定不诉诸武力。 【答案】 ①. appeal ②. to 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“诉诸武力”短语为appeal to arms。此处为不定式作宾语。故填appeal to。 第四部分 应用文写作(20分) 66. 假如你是李华，你校将举办十八岁成人仪式，请代表学生会出一则通知，内容包括： 1．活动时间、地点； 2．活动流程； 3．注意事项。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 3.参考词汇： 十八岁成人仪式18-year-old adult ceremony Notice Dear fellow students, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to this special day with all of you. Students’ Union 【答案】Notice Dear fellow students, I’m delighted to announce the upcoming 18-year-old adult ceremony (coming-of-age ceremony), a momentous occasion that marks our transition into adulthood. The ceremony is to be held at 2 p.m. this Saturday at the school hall. It will begin with a warm welcome from our school leadership. Then we will watch a video of our highlights in the past three years and be issued our adulthood certificates, after which a student representative will share insights from his life journey. In the end, we will take a collective oath, reminding us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society. Please arrive promptly in your school uniforms, ready to embrace this momentous milestone. Looking forward to this special day with all of you. Students’ Union 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表学生会写一则通知，告知同学们学校将举办十八岁成人仪式。内容包括：1.活动时间、地点；2.活动流程；3.注意事项。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：delighted→happy/glad 重大的：momentous → important/significant 举行：be held→take place 准时的：promptly→ on time/as scheduled 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In the end, we will take a collective oath, reminding us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society. 拓展句：In the end, we will take a collective oath, which should remind us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Then we will watch a video of our highlights in the past three years and be issued our adulthood certificates, after which a student representative will share insights from his life journey.（运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】In the end, we will take a collective oath, reminding us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society.（运用了现在分词作定语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$