小升初英语课程第14讲（讲义）-2023-2024学年译林版（三起）英语六年级下册

小升初英语课程第十四讲 ——完形填空（1） 1、 【考点解读】 完形填空是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。 　　完形填空要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。  　完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。俗话说“得阅读者得天下”，足以见得完形填空的重要性。此类题型也是很多学生失分的重灾区。本节内容中参照了近几年中考完形填空的真题和各区的一模二模原题，因此考生在学习过程中会有一定难度，建议基础中等及以上的学生认真研读，此部分的习题建议教师在授课过程中合理安排练习。 2、 【知识讲解】 知识点1——完形填空解题技巧 方法一：重视首句获信息 　　重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，目的是给同学们一个整体印象，同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。 　　At our school,we sometimes have a special day to help others. Last year we went to an old people’s __1___and sang songs and performed a play for__2___. The old people were very__3___. We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. For example， we should __4___primary schools and help __5___young students. I want to be a teacher __6___I’m older so it would be a great experience for me. Other students would like to do other jobs. For example,my friend Tian Ge wants to __7___for a newspaper. She should be allowed to volunteer at the newspaper office once a week. 1. A. home B. bank C. shop D. river 　　 2. A. us B. them C. him D. her 3. A. great B. angry C. smart D. happy 4. A. buy B. have C. visit D. build 5. A. tell B. ask C. teach D. find 　　 6. A. how B. when C. where D. why 　　7. A. write B. wait C. look D. pay 　　首句At our school，we sometimes have a special day to help others. 有提纲挈领之效，简明扼要地提示我们，作者的学校有一个特殊的日子，那就是帮助别人献爱心的日子。有助于我们理解全文。因此第一空应填home. 　　(Keys：1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A) 方法二：通读全文知大意 　　Mr. Johnson had a factory. He once__1___on TV that animals could be taught to__2___some work for people if they were given __3___to eat. He loved the idea. He thought it would be __4___ to have a dog look after his __5___ and an elephant do some heavy jobs__6___ his factory. He bought a dog__7___an elephant in the market and decided to teach them to do some work for him. Of course. he __8___ bought a lot of food for them. Several months later，the dog and the elephant__9___fatter and fatter，but they __10___ do any work for him. At last，Mr. Johnson had to give up. 1. A. saw B. asked C. met 　　 2. A. make B.do C. 1et 3. A. someone B.nothing C. something　 4. A. bad B. good C. 1ate 5. A. house B. shirt C. eyes 　　 6. A. in B. above C. under 7. A. but B. or C. and 　　 8. A. also B. never C. yet 9. A. smelt B. sounded C. became 　　 10. A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t 　　运用“跳读”或“边读边猜”等技巧把握中心大意。 　　短文的中心直接影响故事情节的发展，决定着各小题选项该如何确定。通过1~2遍的阅读，有些小题答案会在我们的脑海里浮现，比如2空填do，3空填something或food，5空填home或house或his factory，7空填and 等等。 　　[注] 此时不要急于确定答案!还需要根据文中的具体意思去解题。 　　(Keys：1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B) 方法三：复读全文验答案 　　把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍(甚至多遍)，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。 　　[注] 很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是： 　　顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。 　　瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的到四个选项里找。 　　顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。 　　认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题。 　　猜想试题 　　阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 　　My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk,but would never run very well. The first three years of his life was __1___ in hospital. By the time he was eight，you wouldn’t know he has a problem when you saw him __2___. 　　Children in our neighborhood always ran around__3___their play，and Joey would jump and ran and play，__4___.We never told him that he probably wouldn’t be __5___ to run like the other children. So he didn’t know. 　　In __6___grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran more than any of the others，__7___only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the __8__ .We didn’t tell him he probably would never make the team， so he didn’t know. 　　He ran four to five mile every day - even when he had a fever. I was__9___,so I went to __10___him after school. I found him running __11___. I asked him how he felt. “Okay，” he said. He has two more miles to go. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept __12___ . 　　Two weeks later，the names of the team __13___were caked. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had__14___the team. He was in seventh grade - the other six team members were all eighth graders. We never told him he couldn’t do it … so he didn’t know. He just __15___ it. 1. A. spent B. taken C. cost D. paid 　　 2. A. talk B. sit C. study D. walk 3. A. after B. before C. during D. till 　　 4. A. either B. too C. though D. yet 5. A. able B. sorry C. glad D. afraid 　　 6. A. sixth B. seventh C. eighth D. ninth 7. A. so B. if C. then D. because 　　 8. A. neighborhood B. family　　 C. school D. grade 9. A. excited B. tired C. pleased D. worried　　 10. A. think about B. hear from C. agree with D. look for 　 11. A. alone B. away C. almost D. already　　 12. A. riding B. walking　　C. playing D. running 13. A. jumpers B. runners C. doctors D. teachers　　 14. A. got B. kept C. made D. found 　　15. A. did B. had C. left D. took 　　(Keys：1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D) 方法四：全面考虑定选项 　　整体理解短文、把握中心并根据文中线索(含体裁、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文线索等)由易到难地做出选择。 　　[注] 不要试图从头至尾地去解答完形填空题。有的选项内容在短文的其他地方有较为明确的提示，甚至原封不动地重现。例如： 　　Shirley Yeats is certainly a very brave woman! At the age of sixty-seven， she __1___ to take a trip round the coast(海岸) of Malaysia. Everything was fine__2___ one day，as she was going back to her room on the __3___，she saw smoke coming out of another room. She__4___the captain from her room at once and told him about the fire. Then she went up on deck(甲板) to see __5___she could do to help. The fire spread(蔓延) very quickly and soon__6___was completely out of control. The captain decided to get all the passengers out as__7___as possible. 1. A. stopped B. used C. had D. decided　　 2. A. since B. after C. until D. before 3. A. way B. ship C. land D. road　　 4. A. phoned B. told C. asked D. ordered 5. A. if B. how　 C. what D. where　　 6. A. she B. he　 C. that D. it 　　7. A. quickly B. much　 C. well D. usually 1. 由上下文可知她决定去旅游，decided to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。 2. 根据下文可知直到火灾发生的那一天情况一切正常。　　 3. 从下文的captain， deck， 可确定她是乘船去旅游。 4. 由下文的from her room可知她马上打电话将情况告诉了船长。　　 5. 根据上下文可知她走上甲板去看看能不能帮忙做点儿什么。　　 6. 由上文的The fire spread very quickly， 可知大火无法控制了。 　　7. as quickly as 意为“尽快地” 　　(Keys： 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A) 知识点2——完形填空常用固定搭配短语总结（需背诵和默写） 1. allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事(后接动词不定式) 　　My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework. 　　2. asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事) 　　My father asked me to study hard. 　　He asked me not to swim alone. 　　3.be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事 　　I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday. 　　4. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 　　She is afraid to ask me questions. 　　5. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 　　I am afraid of going out at night. 　　be afaid of sth 害怕某物 　　He is afraid of snakes. 　　6. be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 　　He was amazed to meet the girl there. 　　7.be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶 　　they were amazed at the news. 　　8. be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事(常考) 　　I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车 　　I am busy with my work. 　　9. be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying(某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来) 　　the bus is coming/the dog is dying. 　　10. be excited to do sth 对做……感到兴奋 　　Jacky was excited to travel there by plane. 　　be excited at sth 　　Lily was excited at his words. 　　be excited about doing sth 　　he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books. 　　10. be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事 　　Sam is frightened to ride a horse 11. be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事 　　she is happy to clean the blackboard with me. 　　be pleased to do sth高兴做某事 　　she was pleased to help the old man yesterday. 　　be pleased with sth 对某事感到高兴/满意 　　the teacher was pleased with my answer. 　　12. be interested in sth/doing sth 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣 　　she is interested in swimming in the river. 　　My btother is interested in Chinese. 　　13. be/get ready for/to do sth 　　be ready for sth 为某事做好了准备 　　We are ready for the exam. 　　be ready to do sth 为做某事做好了准备 　　We are ready to have a birthday party for her. 　　get ready for sth为某事在做准备 　　We are getting ready for the exam. 　　get ready for sth 为做某事而做准备 　　be sorry to do sth 对做某事感到抱歉 　　14. be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 　　be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊奇 　　15. be worth doing sth 值得做某事(worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考) 　　16. 开始去做某事begin to do sth begin/start to do/doing sth 　　17. can/be able to afford (to buy) sth 有能力购买(供)…… 18. can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth 19. can’t wait to do sth 迫不急待地去做某事 20. decide to do sth 决定去做某事 make up one’s mind to do sth 下决心去做某事(常考) make a decision to do sth 对做某事作出决定 　 21. deserve to do sth 值得/应该做…… 　　22. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事 　　23. enjoy doing sth 乐意去做某事 　　24. expect (sb) to do sth 期望去做某事 　　25. fail to do sth 做某事失败 　　【反义词组】succeed(in) doing sth 成功做了某事 　　26. finish doing sth 做完某事(后接动词-ing形式)(常考) 　　27. follow sb to do sth 跟随某人去做某事 　　28. 让某人做某事(后接动词原形)have ab do sth 　　 make sb do sth 　　 let sb do sth 　　29. get/have a chance to do sth 得到一个做某事的机会 　　30. give/pass/show/lend/sell sb sth/sth to sb 　　buy/get/bring sb sth/sth for sb 　 31. go on to do sth 继续做事(常考) 　　go on doing sth 继续做事(常考) 　　32. hate to do/doing sth 讨厌/不喜欢做某事 　　33. have fun doing sth 　　34. have problems doing sth 做某事遇到困难 　　35. 让某人做某事(后接动词原形) 　　 have sb do sth 　　 have sth done 　　 have sth to do 有事情要去做 　　36. hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事(后接动词原形，常考) 　　 hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事(常考) 　　37. help to do sth 帮忙做某事 　　 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 　　38. hope/wish to do sth 希望做某事 　　 wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事 　　39. It seems that 这像是……(后接从句) 　　 seem to do sth 　　 seem +adj 　　40. It’s + adj+(for sb) to do sth .It’s+adj +(of sb) to do sth（注意区别） 　　It’s glad for him to hear the news. 　　41. It takes sb some time/money to do sth . 花费某人多长时间做某事 　　42. pay …for… cost spend…on….. it take …to do sth 　　43. It’s best for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的 had better （not）do sth 最好做某事(注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形) 　　44. It’s time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候了 　　45. keep (on)doing sth 坚持做某事(常考) 　　keep sb doing sth 让某人做某事(常考) 　　keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事(常考) 　　keep sb/sth +adj 　　keep the book for 2 days 借这本书两天(不要用borrow或lend) 46. learn to do sth 学做某事 　　learn sth from sb 向某人学习 　　47. like to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事 　　like sb to do sth 喜欢某人做某事 　　48. need to do sth 需要做某事 　　need doing sth/to be done 　　need sth needn’t do sth 　　49. prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿……而不愿……(常考) 　　prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢做……胜过做…… 　　I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起购物来，我更爱读书。 　　prefer to do sth 喜欢(爱)做某事 　　50. refuse to do sth 拒绝做…… 　　51. remember/forget to do sth 记得/忘记做某事 　　remember/forget doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事 　　52. see sb do sth 看见某人做某事(结果) 　　see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事(正在进行中) 　　be seen to do sth 做某事被看见 　　53. something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西(词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词) 　　I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的东西。 　　54. spend some time (in)doing sth /on sth 花费时间做某事(注意动词要用ing形式)(常考) 　　spend some money on sth/doing sth 买……花了多少钱 　　55. Sth is hard/difficult/easy to do . 做好某事很难/容易 　　56. stop to do sth 停下来去某事(两件事)(常考) 　　stop doing sth 停止做某事 (一件事)(常考) 　　stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事(常考) 　　57. take turns to do sth 轮流做…… 　　58. tell sb (not) to do sth 叫某人去(不要)做某事 　　be told to do sth 被告知不要做某事 　　59. There is no need (for sb) to do sth 对某人来说没必要做某事 　　60. There is no time (for sb ) to do sth 　　have no time to do sth 没时间做某事 　 61. too…(for sb) to …太……以致不能…… so… that… not… enough to do 　　The boy is too young to go to school. 那男孩太小了以致不能上学。 　　62. try/do one’s best to do sth 尽力去做某事 　　try to do sth 试着(图)做某事 　　63. used to do sth 过去常做某事( used to be + adj/a +n) 　　Mr wang used to be a teacher worker. 王先生过去是一位工人。 　　I used to live in the country. 过去我住在农村。 　　64. want/would like to do sth 想做…… 　　want/would like sb to do sth 想某人做…… 　　feel like doing sth 喜爱做某事(注意like后接动词ing形式) 　　65. warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事) 　　66. 为什么不……(表建议的句型，注意用动词原形) 　　Why don’t you do sth ? 　　Why not do sth ? 　　表示建议的句型还有：What How about……?(如果是动词，要用ing形式) 　　Shall we……? 　　67. Would you like (sb) to do sth ?Yes, I’d love to . 　　68. Would you mind doing sth ? 你介意做某事吗? 　　Never mind/Not at all/of course not/certainly not . (从不介意/一点也不介意/当然不会了) 　　69. Would you please (not) do sth 你可不可以不做……? 三、【典例探究】 【例题1】： Tiffany, a 16-year-old girl, was very, shy. Last September, her best friend, Sophie, moved abroad with her family because she had to continue her studies in America. She even said she would not come back for at least a few years. Tiffany became___1___and helpless. "I was really sad the moment I heard the bad news and I didn't know what to do," Tiffany recalled (回忆). "I ___2___myself in my room for a whole week. It was then that my aunt took me to a sports club one Saturday and I saw' so many young people playing various sports there. I signed up for a beginners' course in volleyball and since then I have been playing this sport. Now I practise twice a week there. It is wonderful playing sports in this club and I have made lots of ___3___ as well. What's more, I feel I am much healthier than before." The most basic aim of playing sports is that you can improve your health even if you are not very good at sports.___4___, you can get to know a circle of people at your age while playing sports. Tiffany used to be a very quiet girl. Since she joined the sports club, she has opened up herself and now she has become very___5___and enjoys meeting and talking with others. For most people, that is one of the attractions of joining a sports club. You can get to know other young people who have similar interests. You don't have to sit down and talk to strangers. You go in for sports and it is easier to understand your partners on the same team. Now Tiffany is quite___6___her friends and she has also gained more confidence. Try to do regular sports. The mind needs exercise as well as the body. 80. A) angry B) lonely C) tired D) surprised 81. A) shut B) hurt . C) enjoyed D) helped 82. A) trouble B) mistakes C) money D) friends 83. A) So far B) In addition C) Once again D) After all 84. A) active B) strong C) lucky D) independent 85. A) generous to B) different from C) popular with D) disappointed in 解析：1. B解析：根据上文所说，tiffany是一个很害羞的女孩，她最好的朋友离开了，并且几年都不会回来，所以tiffany变得孤独和无助，排除A,C,D。此题考查根据语境推测词意，有些孩子还没有养成好的阅读习惯，建议老师要求孩子找出依据。 2. A解析：tiffany回忆：“她把自己关在自己的房间里整整一个星期”。根据语境推测意思，注意完形填空不单独考查时态等，所以AB选项都是过去式。 3. D解析：make可以跟四个选项都能构成搭配，但是下文有提到参加体育运动可以认识很多同龄人，所以是make friends，交朋友，其余搭配，make trouble找麻烦，make mistakes犯错，make money挣钱。 4. B解析：根据前后两句的关系，运动不仅能够改善一个人的健康，而且还能够结识同龄人，所以是递进关系，用in addition 而且；其余的so far到目前为止，once again 再一次，after all毕竟，都不合适。 5. A解析：Tiffany过去（used to be）是一个很安静的女孩，但是自从参加了体育俱乐部，她变得开朗了，而且积极了。根据语境推测词意。 6. C解析:be generous to sb.对某人慷慨大方的, be different from sb.与某人不同, be popular with sb.受欢迎的, be disappointed in sb.对某人失望，根据句意，现在tiffany很受朋友的“欢迎”。 四、【课堂总结】 ①方法总结： 1、背诵考纲词汇（以2017年中考考纲词汇要求为准） 2、整理出所有的词性转换要求学生进行记忆和默写； 3、平时注意积累词组、习惯用法和固定搭配 4、训练学生单个词性的专项题 5、综合训练 6、真题针对训练 ②技巧点拨： 1、快读全文，整体理解全文大意（关注第一句）， 2、细读短文，选择答案，上下文联系，通篇考虑， 3、避开疑点，先易后难， 4、有些题不要钻牛角尖，用正常的思维去考虑，不要把问题搞得太复杂， 5、选项填完后，一定要再读全文，从整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否和谐一致、前后照应，上下文衔接是否合理，全文意思是否通顺，避免出现逻辑混乱，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。 五、【课堂运用】 【基础】 【练习1】 You can reach almost any golf if you want to-but sometimes it takes great efforts to realize your dream. That was quite true for me. When I was 17 years old, I broke my father’s___1____ . He had saved enough from an average income to send me to college to become a lawyer. Three months later I was home telling him that I had left college--- and for the first time I saw him___2____ . “Son, I’m always going to love you even though you’ll never achieve anything.” He said with tears(眼泪) in his eyes. When I walked out of that room, I was burning with something within my body. Not everyone has the chance to feel it. I did not just want to___3____ ----I had to. But I couldn’t see how to do it and all the time my father’s words were in my mind. I became a salesperson. It was not___4____because I knew almost nothing about marketing. Then a man introduced me to the Edwards training course. I went and learned a lot of useful___5____. I tried my best to put them to work. Soon after that, I started tasting the sweet fruits of success for the first time. Some time later, I told the manager of my company that I would like to meet with Mr. Edwards. They arranged it for me. When the day came, I told him. “Mr. Edwards, my goal is to be able to train people just as you trained me.”___6____ , he agreed to let me try. All that came true because I set goals to make it happen. Sticking to the goal was the most important. 1. A. promise B. record C. heart D. law 2. A. shout B. cry C. laugh D. relax 3. A. succeed B. argue C. stop D. move 4. A. fair B. easy C. serious D. safe 5. A. poems B. dialogues C. excuses D. skills 6. A. Luckily B. Usually C. Clearly D. Suddenly Keys: 1-6 CBABDA 六、【课后巩固】 【习题1】 There is a saying in England which goes; ‘the rain in Spain(西班牙) falls mainly on the plain’. I can tell you now that it is a___1____. The rain in Spain seems to fall mostly on me. I am spending a year in Galicia and, although it is certainly a beautiful part of the world, I think it rains more than in England. There are no plains here. It is a coastal area, and clouds and storms directly get pushed in from over the ocean with force. As I write, there is a heavy rain outside. I have three umbrellas. Two big ones and a little one which I keep on me___1____ , just in case. Believe me what I tell you is all true. The problem is that very often, umbrellas offer no help at all. The wind is so strong that even the best umbrella in the world becomes useless.___1____, I often arrive at work with a dry head and shoulders (protected by my umbrella), but with wet feet and legs. The rain falls hard and fast, and there is no escaping it. When people from England think of Spain, they imagine beaches and sunshine. Those things are a world away from my experiences here in Galicia. But I’m not___1____ . It is because of all this rain that the countryside here is so green and beautiful. In the town a very nice white wine is made. And there are beautiful beaches here in Galicia, although there probably is___1____on them at the moment. And most important of all is the people. They are very friendly here. Most people I have spoken to are helpful. So I think that’s worth having a bit of___1____ for. Anyway, I love my life here in Galicia. 1. A) story B) warning C) lie D) tradition 2. A) at all times B) in the future C) for the time being D) in time 3. A) In addition B) After all C) In all D) As a result 4. A) studying B) complaining C) dreaming D) questioning 5. A) somebody B) anybody C) everybody D) nobody 6. A) money B) wine C) rain D) work Keys:1—6 CAD BDC 【习题2】 When I was young, I liked to play jokes on people I knew, especially on my parents and friends. One day my mother was ____1____ and I was playing with my younger brother Tony. Suddenly I ran to my mother and said, “Tony fell from the open window!” She was very ____2____ and ran out of the kitchen. Then I said, “Don’t worry, I’m just joking.” And my mother shouted at me, “If you do it again, I’ll hit you.” One day I went swimming with my friends in the sea. I wanted to play a joke on them. In the beginning, I swam fast, and I called out, “____3____!” All my friends came to help me, only to find that I was joking. But half an hour later, I wasn’t joking. I swam so fast that I got ____4____ and couldn’t swim on in water. I tried my best to call my friends for help, but this time nobody came to help me. ____5____, they found I was telling the truth. They came and saved my life. They took me to the hospital. This is the best ____6____ in my life. From then on, I haven’t joked on anyone. 1. A. sleeping B. writing C. cooking D. swimming 2. A. happy B. angry C. worried D. sorry 3. A. Come on B. Help C. Look D. Hello 4. A. bored B. hungry C. surprised D. tired 5. A. In the end B. In addition C. Since then D. Instead 6. A. time B. lesson C. experience D. sport Keys:1-6 CCBDAB 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$