专题03传统节日冬至节腊八节-2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化 传统节日 冬至节 腊八节（素材+语法填空+书面表达） 第一部分 话题素材积累 1．冬至，“至”是极致的意思，冬藏之气至此而极。(汉译英) 2．阴极之至，阳气始生，日南至，日短之至，日影长之至，故曰“冬至”。早在二千五百多年前的春秋时代，中国就已经用土圭观测太阳，测定出了冬至，它是二十四节气中最早制订出的一个，时间在每年的阳历12月21日至23日之间，这一天是北半球全年中白天最短、夜晚最长的一天。(汉译英) 3．每年冬至，不论贫富，饺子是必不可少的节日饭。谚云：“十一月，冬至到，家家户户吃水饺。”这种习俗，是因纪念“医圣”张仲景冬至舍药留下的。(汉译英) 4．上海等地的人们吃汤圆来庆祝冬至的到来。汤圆是用糯米粉制成的一种有馅儿的小团子。(汉译英) 5．苏州人习惯在冬至吃馄饨。根据历史传说，在2500年前的冬至时节，吴国国王厌倦了各类珍馐，想换个口味。为满足吴王的心愿，西施去厨房做了一碗馄饨。吴王很喜欢，吃了一大碗。为了纪念西施，苏州人会在冬至做馄饨庆祝节日。(汉译英) 6．当冬至来临，生命活动会开始减少并平寂下来。这时候吃适量的坚果，比如花生、核桃、栗子、榛子、杏仁，对人的身体很有好处。中医传统理论认为，坚果性温，大部分坚果都有滋养肾脏、强脑强心的功效。(汉译英) 7．在宁夏银川，大家称冬至为“鬼节”，这天的习俗是吃羊肉粉汤和汤饺。此外，他们还给这道美味起了个古怪的名字“头脑”。粉汤饺子做好后还要给邻居端上一碗。(汉译英) 8．杭州居民有冬至吃年糕的传统。过去家家户户都会在冬至到来前制作年糕来供奉先人或者馈赠亲友。(汉译英) 9．在中国传统的农历之中，十二月初八日被称为腊八节，在这一天，喝上一碗温热的腊八粥，感受到的不仅是一身的暖意，更是春节将至的浓浓节日氛围。(汉译英) 10．俗话说“小孩小孩你别馋，过了腊八就是年”。(汉译英) 11．农历十二月初八是中国的传统节日——腊八节，“腊”代表中国农历的十二月。(汉译英) 12．“腊八”一般可以直接用拼音“laba”来表示，后面进一步说明这一天是农历十二月初八(the eighth day of the 12th lunar month)即可。因为腊八节有喝腊八粥(Laba rice porridge)的传统，所以也可以简单介绍说这天又称the Laba Rice Porridge Festival。(汉译英) 13．祭祀、喝腊八粥、腌腊八蒜是腊八的三大习俗。(汉译英) 14．人们把冬季祭祀神灵称为“腊”，祭祀祖先称为“蜡”，都经常在十二月举行，这就导致了这个月的传统名称：腊月。祭祀的日子叫做“腊日”。 15．从传统上讲，腊八粥是腊八节的重头戏。腊八粥的主要原料是大米和糯米，最为讲究的会在白米中掺入红枣、莲子、核桃、栗子、杏仁、松仁、桂圆、榛子、葡萄、白果、菱角、青丝、玫瑰、红豆、花生等不下二十种食物。(汉译英) 16．在河南，腊八粥又称“大家饭”，是纪念民族英雄岳飞的一种节日食俗。(汉译英) 17．腊八节的另一传统是腌制腊八蒜。做法很简单，将剥好的蒜瓣放在一个可以密封的罐子里，然后再倒入醋。（汉译英） 18．慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿。这样，到春节的时候，就可以在餐桌上与饺子同食了。（汉译英） 【词汇积累】 1. sundial  n. 日晷 2. the Spring and Autumn Period  春秋时期 3. formulate  v. 制定；制订；规划 4. the solar calendar  阳历 5. attribute  n. 属性；特征；性质 6. dissipate  v. 消散；（使）消失；驱散 7. designate  v. 指定；命名；选定，指派 8. astronomy  n. 天文学 9. plateau  n. 高原 10. altitude  n. 海拔 11. indispensable  adj. 不可或缺的；必不可少的 12. commemorate  v. （用……）纪念；作为……的纪念 13. glutinous adj. 黏的；胶质的 14. tepidity  n. 不温不火；不冷不热 第二部分 话题语法填空 （一） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The winter solstice(also called Dongzhi) occurs when one of the Earth’s poles has its maximum tilt(倾斜) away from the Sun. Although the winter solstice 19 (it) lasts only a moment, the term sometimes refers to the day on 20 it happens. The date of the winter solstice 21 (vary) from year to year, and can fall anywhere 22 December 20 and December 23. It was very important because the people were economically dependent on monitoring the progress of the seasons. It’s when the sun reaches its 23 (far) southward point for the year. At this solstice, the Northern Hemisphere(半球) has its longest night of the year. Since the 18th century, the term “midwinter” has sometimes been used with the winter solstice, although it carries other meanings as well. 24 (tradition), in many regions, the winter solstice 25 (see) as the middle of winter, but in some countries and calendars, it marks the 26 (begin) of winter. As most are aware, daylight hours grow shorter as the winter solstice approaches, and begin to slowly 27 (length)afterward. For people living in the southern hemisphere, the South Pole is pointing towards the Sun, 28 (make) it summertime “Down Under”. And regardless of where you live, the solstice happens at the same moment for everyone on the planet. （二） 阅读下列材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s traditional Laba Festival is celebrated on the eighth day of the 12th month of the lunar Chinese calendar, 29 falls on January 18 this year. It 30 (regard) as the prelude (序幕) to Chinese New Year. There are different 31 (origin) of the Laba congee, but one of the most popular is about Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty. Before Zhu became emperor, he was suffering in a prison on a winter day. When he was starving, he found some red beans, rice, dates and other grains near a rat hole 32 (unexpected), so he boiled these together to make porridge. That day was the 33 (eight) day of the 12th lunar month. Later, when Zhu Yuanzhang was emperor, he decided 34 (name) the porridge he ate Laba congee 35 memory of that special day in prison. Since then, 36 (enjoy) a bowl of Laba congee with families and friends has been a time-honored tradition in China,   37 it also sweetens a winter day. Made of a 38 (various) of ingredients, including various beans, rice, lotus seeds, peanuts, etc., it is believed to be good for people’s health. 第三部分 话题写作 39．假设你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，最近你校组织留学生到敬老院陪老人们过冬至。请根据所给提示，为校报的“学生园地”专栏写一篇稿件，记述此次活动。 内容包括： 1. 时间和地点； 2. 活动内容：打扫卫生、包饺子、表演节目等； 3. 留学生的体会、 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：冬至—the Dongzhi Festival/Winter Solstice ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．The energy (qi) stored in winter reaches its peak on Dong Zhi or the Winter Solstice (Zhi means to the greatest level or extent). 【详解】考查非谓语动词以及时态。表示“气”应用名词energy；表示“冬至”应用the Winter Solstice；表示“冬藏之气”应用过去分词作后置定语，译为energy stored in winter；表示“至此而极”应用短语reaches its peak；表示“达到极致”应用介词短语to the greatest level or extent。根据句意，本句应用一般现在时态说明客观事实。故翻译为：The energy (qi) stored in winter reaches its peak on Dong Zhi or the Winter Solstice (Zhi means to the greatest level or extent). 2．The energy (qi) of Yang begins to grow when Yin is at its greatest. Days are of the shortest duration, and shadows are of the longest length when the sun is at its most southern position. Thus it is “the Winter Solstice”. Earthen sundials were used in China as early as 2500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period to observe the sun, and measure and determine the Winter Solstice. The Winter Solstice is the earliest formulated solar term of the 24 solar terms. It occurs every year between December 21st and 23rd on the solar calendar. This is the day on the northern hemisphere with the least amount of daytime and greatest amount of nighttime in the entire year. 【详解】考查时态、动词短语。“阴极之至，阳气始生，日南至，日短之至，日影长之至，故曰‘冬至’。”表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。“阴极之至”为时间状语从句，翻译为when Yin is at its greatest，“阳气始生”为主句，翻译为The energy (qi) of Yang begins to grow；“日南至”为时间状语从句，翻译为when the sun is at its most southern position，“日短之至，日影长之至”翻译为并列句：Days are of the shortest duration, and shadows are of the longest length；“故曰”的英文表达为thus it is，“冬至”表达为the Winter Solstice，“故曰‘冬至’”翻译为Thus it is “the Winter Solstice”.；“早在二千五百多年前的春秋时代”为时间状语，表达为as early as 2500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period，“中国就已经用土圭观测太阳，测定出了冬至”为主句，根据时间状语可知本句说的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，又因谓语动词与主语之间为动宾关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态，翻译为：Earthen sundials were used in China to observe the sun, and measure and determine the Winter Solstice；“它是二十四节气中最早制订出的一个”中的“它”指代上文提到的“冬至”，句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，翻译为：The Winter Solstice is the earliest formulated solar term of the 24 solar terms；“时间在每年的阳历12月21日至23日之间”表达的是冬至的时间，用一般现在时，翻译为：It occurs every year between December 21st and 23rd on the solar calendar；“这一天是北半球全年中白天最短、夜晚最长的一天”阐述客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，翻译为：This is the day on the northern hemisphere with the least amount of daytime and greatest amount of nighttime in the entire year，其中“with the least amount of daytime and greatest amount of nighttime in the entire year”为介词短语作定语，修饰名词the day。故答案为：The energy (qi) of Yang begins to grow when Yin is at its greatest. Days are of the shortest duration, and shadows are of the longest length when the sun is at its most southern position. Thus it is “the Winter Solstice”. Earthen sundials were used in China as early as 2500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period to observe the sun, and measure and determine the Winter Solstice. The Winter Solstice is the earliest formulated solar term of the 24 solar terms. It occurs every year between December 21st and 23rd on the solar calendar. This is the day on the northern hemisphere with the least amount of daytime and greatest amount of nighttime in the entire year. 3．Whether rich or poor, dumplings are an indispensable holiday food on the day of the Winter Solstice. There is a saying that goes: “All families eat dumplings when the Winter Solstice arrives in the eleventh lunar month.” This custom has been preserved in order to commemorate the “medical sage” Zhang Zhongjing who donated medicine to the poor on the Winter Solstice. 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“无论贫富”为whether rich or poor；主语为dumplings；表示“是必不可少的节日饭”翻译为be an indispensable holiday food；表示“每年冬至”应用on the day of the Winter Solstice；表示“谚云”应用There is a saying that goes…；表示“十一月，冬至到，家家户户吃水饺”翻译为all families eat dumplings when the Winter Solstice arrives in the eleventh lunar month；第三句主语为this custom；表示“留下”应用动词preserve，为现在完成时的被动语态；表示“为了”应用in order to；表示“纪念“医圣”张仲景”翻译为commemorate the “medical sage” Zhang Zhongjing，后跟who引导的定语从句，表示“冬至舍药”翻译为donate medicine to the poor on the Winter Solstice，为一般过去时。故翻译为Whether rich or poor, dumplings are an indispensable holiday food on the day of the Winter Solstice. There is a saying that goes: “All families eat dumplings when the Winter Solstice arrives in the eleventh lunar month.” This custom has been preserved in order to commemorate the “medical sage” Zhang Zhongjing who donated medicine to the poor on the Winter Solstice. 4．In places such as Shanghai, people eat tangyuan, a kind of stuffed small dumpling ball made of glutinous rice flour, to celebrate the Winter Solstice. 【详解】考查非谓语和时态。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，表示“上海等地”应用in places such as Shanghai；主语为people；表示“吃汤圆”翻译为eat tangyuan，后跟同位语，表示“用糯米粉制成的一种有馅儿的小团子”翻译为a kind of stuffed small dumpling ball made of glutinous rice flour，过去分词短语made of 作后置定语；表示“庆祝冬至的到来”用不定式短语to celebrate the Winter Solstice，作目的状语。故翻译为In places such as Shanghai, people eat tangyuan, a kind of stuffed small dumpling ball made of glutinous rice flour, to celebrate the Winter Solstice. 5．People in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, are accustomed to eating wontons on the Winter Solstice. According to legend, on the Winter Solstice 2,500 years ago, the King of Wu was disgusted with all kinds of costly foods and wanted to eat something different. Then, the beauty Xishi came into the kitchen to make “wontons” to honor the king’s wish. He ate a lot and liked the food very much. To commemorate Xishi, the people of Suzhou made wontons the official food to celebrate the festival. 【详解】考查固定短语、不定式和时态。表示“苏州人”应用people in Suzhou, Jiangsu province,；表示“习惯于……”短语为be accustomed to doing，为一般现在时；表示“在冬至吃馄饨”应用动名词短语eating wontons on the Winter Solstice；表示“根据历史传说”翻译为according to legend；表示“在2500年前的冬至时节”翻译为on the Winter Solstice 2,500 years ago；主语为the King of Wu；表示“厌倦了各类珍馐”翻译为be disgusted with all kinds of costly foods，为一般过去时；表示“想换个口味”翻译为want to eat something different，为一般过去时；表示“西施”应用the beauty Xishi；表示“去厨房做了一碗馄饨”翻译为come into the kitchen to make “wontons”，为一般过去时；表示“为满足吴王的心愿”应用to honor the king’s wish，不定式作目的状语；主语为he；表示“很喜欢，吃了一大碗”翻译为eat a lot and liked the food very much，为一般过去时；表示“为了纪念西施”应用不定式短语to commemorate Xishi，作目的状语；主语为the people of Suzhou；表示“在冬至做馄饨庆祝节日”翻译为make wontons the official food to celebrate the festival，为一般过去时。故翻译为People in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, are accustomed to eating wontons on the Winter Solstice. According to legend, on the Winter Solstice 2,500 years ago, the King of Wu was disgusted with all kinds of costly foods and wanted to eat something different. Then, the beauty Xishi came into the kitchen to make “wontons” to honor the king’s wish. He ate a lot and liked the food very much. To commemorate Xishi, the people of Suzhou made wontons the official food to celebrate the festival. 6．When the Winter Solstice comes, vital movement begins to decline and calm down. In this period, eating an appropriate amount of nuts, such as peanuts, walnuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts and almonds, is good for one’s body. Traditional Chinese medical science teaches that the quality of a nut is tepidity and most nuts have the function of nourishing the kidneys and strengthening the brain and heart. 【详解】考查状语从句和宾语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般现在时，描述客观事实。表示“当冬至来临”应用when引导时间状语从句，“来临”使用动词come，“生命活动”译为vital movement，作主句主语，“开始做”使用动词短语begin to do，“减少”使用动词decline，“平寂下来”使用动词短语calm down，故第一句译为When the Winter Solstice comes, vital movement begins to decline and calm down.；表示“这时”使用介词短语in this period，“吃适量的坚果”译为动词短语eat an appropriate amount of nuts，作主语应用动名词形式，“比如”使用固定短语such as，“对……有好处”应用短语be good for，主语是动名词短语，表示单数意义，be动词用is，故第二句译为In this period, eating an appropriate amount of nuts, such as peanuts, walnuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts and almonds, is good for one’s body.；表示“中医传统理论”译为Traditional Chinese medical science，作主语，“认为”使用动词teach，作谓语，“坚果性温，大部分坚果都有滋养肾脏、强脑强心的功效”译为一个宾语从句，作teach的宾语，“坚果性温”译为the quality of a nut is tepidity，“大部分坚果”译为most nuts，“有……的功效”使用动词短语have the function of ，“滋养肾脏、强脑强心”译为并列的动词短语nourish the kidneys and strengthen the brain and heart，使用动名词作介词of的宾语，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导。故翻译为When the Winter Solstice comes, vital movement begins to decline and calm down. In this period, eating an appropriate amount of nuts, such as peanuts, walnuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts and almonds, is good for one’s body. Traditional Chinese medical science teaches that the quality of a nut is tepidity and most nuts have the function of nourishing the kidneys and strengthening the brain and heart. 7．In Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, people call the Winter Solstice the “Ghost Festival”. On that day, it is customary for people there to drink mutton and vermicelli soup and eat the dumplings in the soup. They give the soup a strange name — “brain” — and share it with their neighbors. 【详解】考查名词（短语）、动词（短语）、形容词和固定句型。句子在介绍一般性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时。可将汉语内容重组，将“这天的习俗是吃羊肉粉汤和汤饺”作为单独的一句，将“粉汤饺子做好后还要给邻居端上一碗”并入前一句中。第一句地点状语“在宁夏银川”用介词短语in Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui autonomous region，主语“大家”用名词people，“称……为……”用动词短语call sth. sth.，“冬至”用专有名词the Winter Solstice，“鬼节”用专有名词the Ghost Festival，Ghost Festival放在双引号中。第二句时间状语“在这天”用介词短语on that day，“习俗是”用固定句型it is customary for people to do sth.，“喝羊肉粉汤”用动词短语drink mutton and vermicelli soup，“吃汤饺”用动词短语eat the dumplings in the soup。第三句主语“他们”用代词they，“给这道美味起了个古怪的名字”用动词短语give the soup a strange name，“头脑”用名词brain，放在双引号中，“给邻居端上一碗”可理解为“和邻居分享”，用动词短语share it with their neighbors。故可译为：In Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, people call the Winter Solstice the “Ghost Festival”. On that day, it is customary for people there to drink mutton and vermicelli soup and eat the dumplings in the soup. They give the soup a strange name — “brain” — and share it with their neighbors. 8．During the Winter Solstice, Hangzhou residents traditionally eat rice cakes. In the past, before the approach of the Winter Solstice, every household would make the cakes to worship their ancestors or use them as gifts for relatives and friends. 【详解】考查名词、动词、形容词、介词短语和时态。“杭州居民有冬至吃年糕的传统”是第一句，“冬至”作时间状语，用介词短语during the Winter Solstice，主语“杭州居民”用Hangzhou residents，谓语“吃”用动词eat，描述风俗习惯，用一般现在时态，主语是复数名词，谓语用原形eat，宾语“年糕”用rice cakes，“传统”可处理为副词traditionally，作状语；“过去家家户户都会在冬至到来前制作年糕来供奉先人或者馈赠亲友”是第二句，“过去”和“在冬至到来前”作时间状语，分别用介词短语in the past和before the approach of the Winter Solstice表示，主语“家家户户”用every household，谓语“制作”用动词make，描述过去的习惯性行为，用would make，宾语“年糕”用the cakes，“供奉先人或者馈赠亲友”作目的状语，用不定式短语to worship their ancestors or use them as gifts for relatives and friends。综上，全句译为：During the Winter Solstice, Hangzhou residents traditionally eat rice cakes. In the past, before the approach of the Winter Solstice, every household would make the cakes to worship their ancestors or use them as gifts for relatives and friends. 9．In the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, the eighth day of December, or la yue, is called Laba, also known as the Laba Rice Porridge Festival. It’s a tradition to drink a bowl of warm Laba porridge on this day, feeling the warmth all over the body as well as tasting the festive flavor of the upcoming Chinese New Year. 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“在中国传统的农历之中”短语为in the traditional Chinese lunar calendar；表示“十二月初八日”翻译为the eighth day of December, or la yue；表示“被称为腊八节”翻译为be called Laba, also known as the Laba Rice Porridge Festival；第二句主语为it；表示“喝上一碗温热的腊八粥是传统”应用be a tradition to drink a bowl of warm Laba porridge；表示“在这一天”短语为on this day；表示“感受到的不仅是一身的暖意”应用现在分词短语feeling the warmth all over the body，作状语；表示“更是”应用as well as；表示“春节将至的浓浓节日氛围”翻译为tasting the festive flavor of the upcoming Chinese New Year，现在分词短语作状语。为一般现在时。故翻译为In the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, the eighth day of December, or la yue, is called Laba, also known as the Laba Rice Porridge Festival. It’s a tradition to drink a bowl of warm Laba porridge on this day, feeling the warmth all over the body as well as tasting the festive flavor of the upcoming Chinese New Year. 10．There is an old saying: Don’t make your mouth water children, because the Laba Festival and the Spring Festival are just around the corner. 【详解】考查名词，祈使句，连词，固定短语。表示“谚语”用saying；“俗话说”翻译为There is an old saying。“嘴馋”可以翻译为make one’s mouth water，根据汉语意思可知，此处为祈使句，所以“小孩小孩你别馋”翻译为Don’t make your mouth water children。通过汉语意思可知，谚语前后句为因果关系，所以用连词because；“腊八节”为the Laba Festival；“春节”为the Spring Festival；“过了腊八就是年”指的是腊八与春节很接近；表示“与……接近”意为just around the corner，所以后半句翻译为because the Laba Festival and the Spring Festival are just around the corner.。故答案为There is an old saying: Don’t make your mouth water children, because the Laba Festival and the Spring Festival are just around the corner. 11．The Laba Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth month of the lunar Chinese calendar. “La” represents the 12th lunar month. 【详解】考查动词以及时态。表示“腊八节”应用The Laba Festival；表示“中国的传统节日”应用名词短语a traditional Chinese holiday；表示“农历十二月初八”应用the eighth day of the twelfth month of the lunar Chinese calendar；表示“代表”应用动词represent。分析句子可知，此处应用两个分句表达，且时态都用一般现在时态说明客观事实。故翻译为The Laba Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth month of the lunar Chinese calendar. “La” represents the 12th lunar month. 12．The 12th lunar month in Chinese is called la yue, so the eighth day of this lunar month is la yue chu ba, or laba. Because Laba Festival has the tradition of drinking Laba Congee, this day can also be briefly introduced as the Laba Rice Porridge Festival. 【详解】考查名词、短语、时态以及语态。句子陈述事实，时态使用一般现在时。第一句，根据句意，首先解释什么是“腊月”，即“农历12月在中国被称为腊月”，“农历”的英语是lunar month，“农历12月”就是The 12th lunar month，是句子的主语，“被称为”是句子的谓语部分，根据句意应使用动词call，此处是被动语态，主语The 12th lunar month是第三人称单数形式，应使用is called，“腊月”可以使用拼音la yue表示，因此，这一部分可以翻译为The 12th lunar month in Chinese is called la yue；后半句“这一天是农历十二月初八”是主系表结构，结合提示“the eighth day of the 12th lunar month”，以及“‘腊八’一般可以直接用拼音‘laba’来表示”，这半句可以翻译为so the eighth day of this lunar month is la yue chu ba, or laba。第二句，根据句意，可以写成主从复合句，“因为腊八节有喝腊八粥(Laba rice porridge)的传统”使用Because引导的原因状语从句，是主谓宾结构，从句主语“腊八节”的表示是Laba Festival，用a miracle；谓语动词用has；宾语是“传统”用tradition，“喝腊八粥”是动词短语drink Laba Congee，用于介词of之后构成后置定语修饰名词tradition，因此，原因状语从句可以翻译成Because Laba Festival has the tradition of drinking Laba Congee；主句部分可以使用被动语态，主语是“这天”，使用this day，“介绍”使用动词introduce，用于被动语态应使用can also be introduced，“简单地”使用副词briefly修饰动词introduce，因此这一部分翻译为this day can also be briefly introduced as the Laba Rice Porridge Festival。故翻译为The 12th lunar month in Chinese is called la yue, so the eighth day of this lunar month is la yue chu ba, or laba. Because Laba Festival has the tradition of drinking Laba Congee, this day can also be briefly introduced as the Laba Rice Porridge Festival. 13．Three major customs on Laba are ancestor worship, eating Laba rice porridge and making Laba garlic. 【详解】考查短语和时态。句子为主系表结构，为一般现在时,表示“腊八的三大习俗”应用three major customs on Laba，作主语；系动词用are,表示“祭祀”应用ancestor worship；表示“喝腊八粥”用动名词短语eating Laba rice porridge；表示“腌腊八蒜”为动名词短语making Laba garlic。故翻译为Three major customs on Laba are ancestor worship, eating Laba rice porridge and making Laba garlic. 14．The worship of ancestors, called “腊” in Chinese, and the sacrifice for the gods, called “蜡”, both frequently took place in the 12th month, which led to the traditional name of the month: la yue. And the day of sacrifice is called la ri. 【详解】考查时态、名词、非谓语动词、固定短语、定语从句。表示“祭祀祖先”用the worship of ancestor，其中ancestor意为“祖先”，结合句意可知，祖先不止一个，应用名词复数形式；表示“称呼”用call，与主语The worship of ancestors为被动关系，用过去分词，作定语，“腊”作called的宾语；表示“用中文，用汉语”用in Chinese。表示“祭祀神灵”用the sacrifice for the gods，与The worship of ancestors并列，用连词and连接，其中god意为“神灵”，结合句意可知，神灵不止一个，应用名词复数形式；表示“称呼”用call，与主语The worship of ancestors为被动关系，用过去分词，作定语，“蜡”作called的宾语；表示“两者都”用both；表示“发生”用固定短语take place，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式；表示“在第12个月”用in the 12th month，作时间状语；表示“这就导致了这个月的传统名称：腊月”用定语从句，修饰主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。表示“导致”用lead to，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式；表示“传统的”用traditional，作定语；表示“月份的传统名称”用the traditional name of the month。表示“祭祀的日子”用the day of sacrifice，作主语；结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，表示“称呼”用call，与主语the day of sacrifice为被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is；表示“腊日”用la ri，作宾语。故翻译为The worship of ancestors, called “腊” in Chinese, and the sacrifice for the gods, called “蜡”, both frequently took place in the 12th month, which led to the traditional name of the month: la yue. And the day of sacrifice is called la ri. 15．Traditionally, the Laba porridge is the most important element of the festival. The main ingredients of the Laba porridge are rice and sticky rice; people also add sugar, red dates, lotus seeds, walnuts, chestnuts, almonds, longans, hazelnuts, raisins, red beans, peanuts, water caltrops, roseleaf and other various materials to make the porridge special. 【详解】考查副词、形容词、名词和短语。根据句意可知，本句可用一般现在时来陈述一般情况；表示“从传统上讲”可用副词traditionally作状语修饰整个句子，表示“腊八粥”可用短语the Laba porridge作主语，表示“腊八节的重头戏”可用the most important element of the festival；“主要原料”译为main ingredients，作主语，表示复数意义，be动词使用are，“大米和糯米”译为并列的名词rice and sticky rice；表示“掺入”可用动词add作谓语，使用名词people作主语，表示“红枣、莲子、核桃、栗子、杏仁、松仁、桂圆、榛子、葡萄、白果、菱角、青丝、玫瑰、红豆、花生”可译为并列的名词和名词短语red dates, lotus seeds, walnuts, chestnuts, almonds, longans, hazelnuts, raisins, red beans, peanuts, water caltrops, roseleaf，表示“最为讲究”即“使粥变得特殊”，可用make the porridge special，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故翻译为：Traditionally, the Laba porridge is the most important element of the festival.The main ingredients of the Laba porridge are rice and sticky rice; people also add sugar, red dates, lotus seeds, walnuts, chestnuts, almonds, longans, hazelnuts, raisins, red beans, peanuts, water caltrops, roseleaf and other various materials to make the porridge special. 16．The Laba porridge is called “Union Food” in Henan Province, which is a food custom in memory of China’s national hero Yue Fei. 【详解】考查一般现在时，被动语态，主谓一致，介词，非限制性定语从句，名词，固定短语，形容词。“粥”为porridge，“腊八粥”为The Laba porridge，“称作”为call，本句中“粥”是被称作，所以使用被动语态，本句为描述事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语“The Laba porridge”为单数，所以be动词用is。“省份”为province；“在……省”用介词in；“大家饭”意译为Union Food；所以主句翻译为The Laba porridge is called “Union Food” in Henan Province。根据汉语意思可知“是纪念民族英雄岳飞的一种节日食俗”修饰的是“Union Food”，所以用非限制性定语从句，主语为物，因此连接词用which。“风俗”为custom为可数名词，“纪念”为in memory of，“民族的”为national，“英雄”为hero；所以从句翻译为which is a food custom in memory of China’s national hero Yue Fei.故答案为The Laba porridge is called “Union Food” in Henan Province, which is a food custom in memory of China’s national hero Yue Fei. 17．Another custom is the soaking of Laba garlic. The practice is very simple. Put the stripped garlic cloves into a sealed jar, and then pour vinegar into it. 【详解】考查时态，祈使句以及固定短语。根据句意可知，描述节日习俗，用一般现在时。“传统”为名词custom，“腌制腊八蒜”表达为the soaking of Laba garlic，“腊八节的另一传统是腌制腊八蒜”翻译为Another custom is the soaking of Laba garlic.；“做法”为名词practice，“很简单”为very simple，“做法很简单”表达为 The practice is very simple.；“将……放在……里”用动词短语put..into...表达，“剥好的蒜瓣”为the stripped garlic cloves，“密封的罐子”为a sealed jar，“将剥好的蒜瓣放在一个可以密封的罐子里”翻译为祈使句put the stripped garlic cloves into a sealed jar，“倒”为动词pour，“醋”为名词vinegar，“然后再倒入醋”翻译为祈使句then pour vinegar into it，“将剥好的蒜瓣放在一个可以密封的罐子里，然后再倒入醋”表达为and连接的并列句Put the stripped garlic cloves into a sealed jar, and then pour vinegar into it.；故答案为：Another custom is the soaking of Laba garlic. The practice is very simple. Put the stripped garlic cloves into a sealed jar, and then pour vinegar into it. 18．Gradually, the garlic soaked in vinegar will turn green. By the time of the Spring Festival, you can taste the garlic while eating dumplings. 【详解】考查动词、名词、副词和短语。根据句意可知，表示“慢慢地”可用副词gradually作状语；表示“蒜”可用名词短语the garlic作主语；表示“泡在醋中的”可用过去分词短语soaked in vinegar作后置定语，表被动关系；表示“就会变绿”可用一般将来时will turn green；表示“到春节的时候”可用短语by the time of the Spring Festival；表示“在餐桌上与饺子同食”也就是“吃饺子的时候品尝大蒜”可用you can taste the garlic while eating dumplings。故答案为：Gradually, the garlic soaked in vinegar will turn green. By the time of the Spring Festival, you can taste the garlic while eating dumplings. 19．itself 20．which 21．varies 22．between 23．farthest 24．Traditionally 25．is seen 26．beginning 27．lengthen 28．making 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬至。 19．考查反身代词。句意：虽然冬至本身只持续一刻，但这个词有时指的是它发生的那一天。分析可知，此处要用反身代词itself，作the winter solstice的同位语。故填itself。 20．考查定语从句的关系词。句意：虽然冬至本身只持续一刻，但这个词有时指的是它发生的那一天。分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为the day，在从句中作介词on的宾语，要用关系代词which。故填which。 21．考查时态。句意：冬至的日期每年都不同，可能在12月20日到12月23日之间的任何时候。此处描述事实，所以时态是一般现在时，主语The date of the winter solstice为第三人称单数，此处谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填varies。 22．考查介词。句意：冬至的日期每年都不同，可能在12月20日到12月23日之间的任何时候。根据December 20 and December 23可知此处要用介词between，短语between…and…“在......之间”。故填between。 23．考查形容词的最高级。句意：这是一年中太阳到达最南向点的时候。根据southward point和常识，可知此处要用形容词的最高级，作定语。故填farthest。 24．考查副词。句意：传统上，在许多地区，冬至被视为冬天的中间部分，但在一些国家和历法中，它标志着冬天的开始。此处位于句首，可知要用副词修饰后面整个句子。故填Traditionally。 25．考查时态和语态。句意：传统上，在许多地区，冬至被视为冬天的中间部分，但在一些国家和历法中，它标志着冬天的开始。此处描述事实，所以时态是一般现在时，主语the winter solstice与see之间是被动关系，可知此处要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is seen。 26．考查动名词。句意：传统上，在许多地区，冬至被视为冬天的中间部分，但在一些国家和历法中，它标志着冬天的开始。根据冠词the和介词of可知此处要用名词，the beginning of“......的开始”。故填beginning。 27．考查动词。句意：大多数人都知道，随着冬至的临近，白天的时间会变短，然后开始慢慢变长。根据begin to do sth.“开始做某事”可知，此处要用动词原形。故填lengthen。 28．考查现在分词。句意：对于生活在南半球的人来说，南极是指向太阳的，这使得夏天“在南半球”。分析可知，此处要用现在分词，作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。故填making。 29．which 30．is regarded 31．origins 32．unexpectedly 33．eighth 34．to name 35．in 36．enjoying 37．and 38．variety 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统节日腊八节和腊八粥的起源及家人朋友们一起享用腊八粥的传统习俗。 29．考查定语从句。句意：中国传统的腊八节在农历十二月初八庆祝，今年是在1月18日。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，Laba Festival是先行词，它在从句中作主语，指物，因此使用which引导定语从句，故填which。 30．考查时态和语态。句意：它被视为中国新年的序幕。regard在句子中作为谓语动词使用，主语it (单数意义)承受regard的动作，句子描述的为客观事实，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is regarded。 31．考查名词。句意：关于腊八粥的起源有很多不同的说法，但其中最流行的一个是关于明朝的朱元璋皇帝。origin为可数名词，应该使用复数形式，故填origins。 32．考查副词。句意：当他饥饿时，出乎意料地在老鼠洞附近发现了一些红豆、大米、枣子和其他谷物，于是他把这些一起煮成粥。使用副词作状语修饰动词found，需要的词义为“出乎意料地”，故填unexpectedly。 33．考查序数词。句意：那天正是农历十二月初八。此处需要填入表示“第八”的序数词，故填eighth。 34．考查动词不定式。句意：后来，朱元璋成为皇帝后，他决定将自己吃过的粥命名为腊八粥，以纪念那个在监狱里的特殊日子。decide to do意为“决定做某事”，故填to name。 35．考查固定短语。句意：后来，朱元璋成为皇帝后，他决定将自己吃过的粥命名为腊八粥，以纪念那个在监狱里的特殊日子。固定短语in memory of 意为“为了纪念”，故填in。 36．考查动名词。句意：从那时起，与家人和朋友一起享用一碗腊八粥成为中国的一个历史悠久的传统，而且它也让寒冷的冬天变得温暖。需填入动名词作主语，故填enjoying。 37．考查并列连词。句意：从那时起，与家人和朋友一起享用一碗腊八粥成为中国的一个历史悠久的传统，而且它也让寒冷的冬天变得温暖。“Since then, enjoying a bowl of Laba congee with families and friends has been a time-honored tradition in China”和“it also sweetens a winter day”之间为并列关系，使用并列连词and连接，故填and。 38．考查固定短语。句意：腊八粥由各种食材制成，包括各种豆类、大米、莲子、花生等，据信对人们的健康有益。固定短语a variety of 意为“各种各样的”，故填variety。 39．It was on the Dongzhi Festival that six foreign students who are studying in our school visited the nursing house. They set out for the nursing home by bus at 8:30 in the morning and arrived an hour later. Upon arrival, they got down to helping the elderly clean their rooms. After that, it was the time when they made dumplings together with the elderly and ate together happily. Then, they had fun singing, dancing and playing games, making the elderly happy and warm. They all thought the visit was an unforgettable experience, through which they not only know more about the festival but also realize the elderly need to be treated with respect. 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为校报的“学生园地”专栏写一篇稿件，记述最近你校组织留学生到敬老院陪老人们过冬至的活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 动身去：set out for →set off for 到达：arrive →reach 开始：get down to →set about 开心的：happy→cheerful 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Upon arrival, they got down to helping the elderly clean their rooms. 拓展句：As soon as they arrived, they got down to helping the elderly clean their rooms. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It was on the Dongzhi Festival that six foreign students who are studying in our school visited the nursing house. (运用了强调句型和who引导的定语从句) [高分句型2] They all thought the visit was an unforgettable experience, through which they not only know more about the festival but also realize the elderly need to be treated with respect. (运用了介词 +which引导的非限定性定语从句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$