专题01中国艺术围棋-2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化 中国艺术 围棋(素材+语法填空+书面表达) 第一部分 话题素材积累 1．围棋同琴、书、画齐名，是中国文化四大艺术流派之一。人们认为，围棋技艺高超是智慧的体现。作为一种仍以原始形式存在的最古老的游戏，围棋在今天深受世界各地男女老少的欢迎。 2． 围棋起源于中国，被称为围棋(发音weiqi)，意思是“包围的游戏”。但后来日本棋手将这项游戏推向了国际舞台。因此，日本名字いご(发音为igo)成为西方世界对这项游戏的第一个称呼。为了简化发音，Go被定为该游戏的英文名。这就是现在著名的人工智能围棋程序被其开发者命名为AlphaGo的原因。 3．在围棋中，两名棋手轮流把自己的棋子放在棋盘线的交叉点上。这样做的目的是比对手隔开更多空间，用棋子勾勒出自己的“领地”。当棋子被相反颜色的棋子包围时，它们就“死”了，可以被“吃掉”。在游戏的最后，棋手计算出自己所占空间的大小，拥有最多空间的棋手获胜。 Words and Expressions ① zither  n.齐特琴;扁琴 ② genre  n.(文学、艺术、电影或音乐的)体裁;类型 ③ indication  n.表明;标示;显示;象征 ④ originate  vi.起源;发源 ⑤ encircle   vt.包围 ⑥ settle on  选定 ⑦ take turns  轮流;依次 ⑧ intersection   n.交点 ⑨ fence off  (用栅栏、篱笆、围栏)隔开 ⑩ outline   vt.显示……的轮廓;勾勒……的外形 ⑪territory   n.领土;版图;领地 ⑫围棋  weiqi;Go ⑬手谈   the hand conversation ⑭围棋盘   a weiqi board ⑮围棋子   a weiqi stone/piece ⑯和棋  a drawn game 第二部分 话题语法填空 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 语法填空 The game of weiqi can date back to 4,000 years ago. There are mentions of a similar game 4 (call) yì made by Confucius and Mencius but it is not certain whether it is the same game. The name “Go” comes 5 its name in Japan. Like many Japanese traditions it 6 (adopt) from China during the Tang Dynasty 7 Chinese influence was at its peak. As it made 8 (it) way to the West via Japan, it is the Japanese form of the game that is widely played now. The game, which can be 9 (literal) translated as “encircling game”, was long considered to be an appropriate study for scholars as it taught people a variety of strategies. 10 (rule) of weiqi are extraordinarily simple. There are 180 identical white pieces and 181 identical black pieces 11 (fight) against each other on a board. Black starts first and then the players take it in turns to place one piece into 12 unoccupied place on the board until all the pieces have been played. There is nothing special about a 19×19 board, and 13 (small) sizes are used by beginners. 二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Weiqi is a game which can best show the deep culture of China. About 4,000 years ago the Emperor Yao created 14 game to develop the intelligence of his son, Dan Zhu. Dan Zhu, who had been rude, was turned into a learned general 15 (final). Yao educated his son with success by 16 (teach) him to play weiqi, and thus the game has passed down through generations till today. Weiqi is a game attracting many people. The charm of weiqi lies 17 its concept and strategy. The player shouldn’t care about the gain or loss of a city or a troop; instead, he should seek opportunities 18 (attack) the enemy and defend 19 (he) at the right time by sacrificing (牺牲) some pieces. Only when the player is not blinded by immediate success and short-term gains but looks for long-term 20 (benefit) can he win the battle in the end. Playing weiqi is not only for recreation but also for developing one’s temperament (性情). For centuries, weiqi 21 (regard) as a good way to train one’s mind. It is said that people 22 enjoy playing weiqi can have “five gains”—friends, harmony, 23 (educate), wisdom and longevity (长寿). That is to say, weiqi can help them to make friends and get along well with others, and teach them how to understand the laws of life. 第三部分 话题写作 24．假定你是李华，是学校围棋协会负责人，你校的英国交换生Tom给你发来邮件，询问交换生是否可以加入协会。请你给Tom回复邮件，欢迎他加入协会，并包含以下内容：1.加入协会的意义；2.协会每周的活动安排。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．Weiqi (Go), together with zither playing, calligraphy and painting, is one of the four supreme artistic genres in Chinese culture. It is believed that a strong Go skill is an indication of great wisdom. As the oldest game still played in its original form, Go today is popular among men and women internationally at all ages. 【详解】考查词汇及句子结构。第一句“围棋同琴、书、画齐名，是中国文化四大艺术流派之一”中可使用名词weiqi或Go做主语，系动词is作谓语，one of the four supreme artistic genres in Chinese culture作表语部分，介词短语together with zither playing, calligraphy and painting放在主语后作插入语。第二句“人们认为，围棋技艺高超是智慧的体现”可使用句型It is believed that表示“人们认为”；主语从句中，名词短语a strong Go skill作主语，系动词is作谓语，an indication of great wisdom作表语；第三句“作为一种仍以原始形式存在的最古老的游戏，围棋在今天深受世界各地男女老少的欢迎”中，介词短语As the oldest game作状语，过去分词短语作后置定语，Go 或weiqi作主语，短语be popular 使用一般现在时单数形式表谓语部分，among men and women internationally at all ages作状语。故翻译为Weiqi (Go), together with zither playing, calligraphy and painting, is one of the four supreme artistic genres in Chinese culture. It is believed that a strong Go skill is an indication of great wisdom. As the oldest game still played in its original form, Go today is popular among men and women internationally at all ages. 2．Weiqi originated in China and was called “围棋”(pronounced as “weiqi”), which means “encircling game”. But Japanese players later presented the game internationally. Consequently, the Japanese name いご(pronounced as igo) became the first associated with the game by the Western world. To simplify pronunciation, Go was then settled on as the game’s accepted English name. That’s why the now famous game-playing artificial intelligence(AI) program was given the name AlphaGo by its developers. 【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时，表示“围棋起源于中国，被称为围棋(发音weiqi)，意思是“包围的游戏””应用Weiqi originated in China and was called “围棋”(pronounced as “weiqi”),   which means “encircling game”，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Weiqi，在定语从句中作主语；表示“但后来日本棋手将这项游戏推向了国际舞台”应用But Japanese players later presented the game internationally.；表示“因此，日本名字いご(发音为igo)成为西方世界对这项游戏的第一个称呼”应用Consequently, the Japanese name いご(pronounced as igo) became the first associated with the game by the Western world.，be associated with为固定搭配，意为“与……有关”，已有谓语动词became，此处用过去分词短语associated with，作后置定语修饰the first；表示“为了简化发音，Go被定为该游戏的英文名”应用 To simplify pronunciation, Go was then settled on as the game’s accepted English name.，动词不定式短语to simplify pronunciation作目的状语，settle on为固定搭配，意为“决定”，accepted为过去分词作定语，修饰名词name；表示“这就是现在著名的人工智能围棋程序被其开发者命名为AlphaGo的原因”应用That’s why the now famous game-playing artificial intelligence (AI) program was given the name AlphaGo by its developers.；That’s why...为固定句型，意为“这就是为什么……”，why引导表语从句。故翻译成：Weiqi originated in China and was called “围棋”(pronounced as “weiqi”), which means “encircling game”. But Japanese players later presented the game internationally. Consequently, the Japanese name いご(pronounced as igo) became the first associated with the game by the Western world. To simplify pronunciation, Go was then settled on as the game’s accepted English name. That’s why the now famous game-playing artificial intelligence(AI) program was given the name AlphaGo by its developers. 3．In Weiqi, two players take turns placing their stones on the intersections of lines on the board. The idea is to fence off more space than your opponent, outlining your “territory” with your stones. When stones are surrounded by stones of the opposite color, they are “dead” and can be “captured”. At the end of the game, the players figure out the amount of space they have claimed, and the one who has the most spaces wins. 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、非谓语动词。表示“在围棋中”用in Weiqi；表示“两名棋手”用two players，作主语；表示“轮流做某事”用固定短语take turns doing sth.，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为two players，故谓语用动词原形；表示“把自己的棋子放在棋盘线的交叉点上”用place their stones on the intersections of lines on the board。故“在围棋中，两名棋手轮流把自己的棋子放在棋盘线的交叉点上。”翻译为In Weiqi, two players take turns placing their stones on the intersections of lines on the board. 考查时态、非谓语动词、名词。表示“这样做的目的”用the idea，作主语；主语为第三人称单数，表示“是”用is；表示“隔开更多空间”用fence off more space，用不定式形式，作表语；表示“比”用than；表示“你的对手”用your opponent；表示“勾勒出”用outline，用现在分词，作状语；表示“你自己的‘领地’”，用your “territory”，作宾语；表示“用你的棋子”用with your stones，结合句意可知，棋子不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作with的宾语。这样做的目的是比对手隔开更多空间，用棋子勾勒出自己的“领地”，翻译为The idea is to fence off more space than your opponent, outlining your “territory” with your stones. 考查名词、形容词、时间状语从句。表示“当棋子被相反颜色的棋子包围时”用when引导的时间状语从句，从句中：表示“棋子”用stone的复数形式，作主语；表示“包围”用surround，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且与主语stones为被动关系，故句子用一般现在时的被动语态；表示“相反颜色的棋子”用stones of the opposite color。主句中：表示“它们”用they，作主语；表示“死了”用形容词dead，位于系动词is后，作表语；表示“可以”用情态动词can，表示“吃掉”即“捕获，攻占，赢得，攻取”用capture，且与主语为被动关系，位于情态动词后用be “captured”。当棋子被相反颜色的棋子包围时，它们就“死”了，可以被“吃掉”，翻译为When stones are surrounded by stones of the opposite color, they are “dead” and can be “captured”. 考查名词、固定短语、定语从句。表示“在游戏的最后”用at the end of the game；表示“棋手”用player的复数形式，作主语，此处表示特指，players前加the；表示“计算出”用figure out；表示“空间的大小”用the amount of space。表示“自己所占”用定语从句，修饰先行词the amount of space，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导，或省略引导词。定语从句中：表示“他们”用they，作主语，指代棋手；表示“要求(拥有)，认领，夺走，”用claim，用现在完成时，表示“已经占”。用连词and连接两个句子，用the one指代“棋手”作主语；表示“获胜”用win，主语the one为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数；表示“拥有最多空间的”用定语从句，修饰先行词the one，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。定语从句中：表示“拥有”用have；表示“最多空间”用the most spaces。“在游戏的最后，棋手计算出自己所占空间的大小，拥有最多空间的棋手获胜。”翻译为At the end of the game, the players figure out the amount of space they have claimed, and the one who has the most spaces wins. 文章翻译为：In Weiqi, two players take turns placing their stones on the intersections of lines on the board. The idea is to fence off more space than your opponent, outlining your “territory” with your stones. When stones are surrounded by stones of the opposite color, they are “dead” and can be “captured”. At the end of the game, the players figure out the amount of space they have claimed, and the one who has the most spaces wins. 4．called 5．from 6．was adopted 7．when 8．its 9．literally 10．Rules 11．fighting 12．an 13．smaller 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章介绍了围棋的历史以及规则。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：有人提到孔子和孟子制作的一个类似的游戏弈，但不确定它是否是同一个游戏。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此需要填入非谓语动词作定语；句子的逻辑主语与动词之间为被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词。故填called。 5．考查介词。句意：“Go”这个名字来源于它在日本的名字。此处表示“来自于日本”；come from意为“来自于”。故填from。 6．考查时态语态与主谓一致。句意：像许多日本传统一样，它是在中国影响力达到顶峰的唐朝时期从中国引进的。语 it指代围棋，与动词adopt之间是被动关系，因而需用被动语态，根据时间状语during the Tang Dynasty 可知，用一般过去时，故填was adopted。 7．考查定语从句。句意：像许多日本传统一样，它是在中国影响力达到顶峰的唐朝时期从中国引进的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the Tang Dynasty，关系词在从句中作时间状语。故填when。 8．考查代词。句意：当它通过日本传到西方时，它是日本形式的游戏，现在被广泛玩。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词；因此需要填入形容词性物主代词。故填its。 9．考查副词。句意：这个游戏，可以直译为“围城游戏”，长期以来被认为是一个适合学者研究的游戏，因为它教会了人们各种各样的策略。空格处位于动词之前，修饰动词，因此需要填入副词，作状语；literal的副词为literally；意为“字面地”。故填literally。 10．考查名词。句意：围棋的规则非常简单。空处在句中作主语，由谓语动词are可知，此处需用复数。故填Rules。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：棋盘上有180个相同的白棋子和181个相同的黑棋子相互竞争。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此需要填入非谓语动词。空前的pieces意为“棋子”，与动词fight之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此填入现在分词。故填fighting。 12．考查冠词。句意：黑棋先开始，然后棋手轮流把一个棋子放在棋盘上的空位置，直到所有的棋子都被打完。设空处修饰名词place，此处指“任何一处空位”，需用不定冠词，并且unoccupied发音是元音音素开头。故填an。 13．考查形容词比较级。句意：19×19板没有什么特别之处，初学者会使用较小的尺寸。此处指的是初学者喜欢用较小的尺寸，因此需要用比较级。故填smaller。 14．the 15．finally 16．teaching 17．in 18．to attack 19．himself 20．benefits 21．has been regarded 22．who##that 23．education 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的围棋历史以及特点和好处。 14．考查冠词。句意：大约4000年前，尧皇帝为了培养儿子丹朱的智力，创造了围棋。此处game特指围棋应用定冠词the。故填the。 15．考查副词。句意：丹朱，一个粗鲁的人，终于变成了一个博学的将军。修饰动词turn into应用副词finally。故填finally。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：尧成功地教育了他的儿子，教他下围棋，因此这项运动代代相传，直到今天。teach作介词by的宾语，应用动名词。故填teaching。 17．考查介词。句意：围棋的魅力在于它的理念和策略。结合句意表示“在于”可知短语为lie in。故填in。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：玩家不应该关心城市或军队的得失；相反，他应该寻找机会攻击敌人，并在适当的时候牺牲一些棋子来保护自己。名词opportunities后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to attack。 19．考查代词。句意：玩家不应该关心城市或军队的得失；相反，他应该寻找机会攻击敌人，并在适当的时候牺牲一些棋子来保护自己。此处表示“保护他自己”应用反身代词himself。故填himself。 20．考查名词的数。句意：只有当玩家不被眼前的成功和短期收益所蒙蔽，而是着眼于长期利益时，他才能最终赢得战斗。benefit为可数名词，数量大于一应用复数形式。故填benefits。 21．考查时态语态。句意：几个世纪以来，围棋一直被认为是一种训练思维的好方法。主语weiqi与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文For centuries可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been regarded。 22．考查定语从句。句意：据说喜欢下围棋的人可以得到“五得”——交友、和谐、教育、智慧和长寿。限制性定语从句修饰先行词people，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，故填who/that。 23．考查名词。句意：据说喜欢下围棋的人可以得到“五得”——交友、和谐、教育、智慧和长寿。根据friends, harmony以及wisdom and longevity可知此处应填名词education，此处为抽象名词，不可数，故填education。 24．Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear from you and learn that you have interest in weiqi. As an exchange student, you will be specially welcome to join the Weiqi Association. Weiqi is a traditional game in China and has already become part of Chinese culture, so you can learn much about our culture. Besides, you will have a chance to meet some amazing people here and make friends with them. We members gather to play weiqi once a week, usually from 4:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. on Thursday afternoon. Sometimes we invite some masters to train our members, which is the best part of our activities. I wish you could become one of us soon! Looking forward to meeting you. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国交换生Tom写一封邮件，欢迎他加入学校围棋协会，并告知加入协会的意义及协会每周的活动安排。 【详解】1.词汇积累 对……有兴趣：have interest in→be interested in 除此之外：besides→in addition to 机会：chance→opportunity 特别；尤其：specially→particularly 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We members gather to play weiqi once a week, usually from 4:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. on Thursday afternoon. 拓展句：As scheduled, we members gather to play weiqi once a week, usually from 4:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. on Thursday afternoon. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Sometimes we invite some masters to train our members, which is the best part of our activities.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】I wish you could become one of us soon!(运用了wish引导的宾语从句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$